CN115494418A - Lithium battery single body abnormity detection method and system based on time series decomposition algorithm - Google Patents

Lithium battery single body abnormity detection method and system based on time series decomposition algorithm Download PDF

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CN115494418A
CN115494418A CN202211462784.0A CN202211462784A CN115494418A CN 115494418 A CN115494418 A CN 115494418A CN 202211462784 A CN202211462784 A CN 202211462784A CN 115494418 A CN115494418 A CN 115494418A
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periodic
time
trend
decomposition algorithm
lithium battery
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武明虎
张书凡
杜万银
张凡
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements

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Abstract

The invention relates to a lithium battery single body abnormity detection method and a system based on a time sequence decomposition algorithm. And then extracting the trend term component, calculating the cosine similarity of the trend term component of the adjacent battery monomer, and comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, so that the lithium battery fault can be detected in real time, and the abnormal single battery can be rapidly and accurately identified. The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) Based on a time series decomposition algorithm, the trend term component of each single battery voltage is obtained, and the interference of noise and residual terms can be effectively eliminated; (2) The cosine similarity algorithm is adopted, online real-time battery fault detection can be achieved, the calculation speed is high, and the accuracy is high.

Description

Lithium battery single body abnormity detection method and system based on time series decomposition algorithm
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fault detection of a battery system, and particularly relates to a lithium battery monomer abnormity detection method and system based on a time series decomposition algorithm.
Background
In the use process of a new energy automobile, automobile spontaneous combustion phenomena often occur, which are generally caused by short-circuit faults of lithium ion batteries, so that fault diagnosis of the new energy automobile batteries plays an important role in improving safety of the new energy automobile batteries. At present, methods for fault diagnosis mainly include a model-based detection method, a data-driven detection method and a signal-based detection method, but these methods have respective defects and limitations, and therefore, a new battery online fault diagnosis algorithm needs to be developed, calculation speed and accuracy are improved, and online real-time battery fault abnormality diagnosis is realized.
The current methods for battery fault diagnosis are mainly model-based detection methods, data-driven detection methods, and signal-based detection methods. Most of the detection methods based on the models are very complex in model and calculation, and are inconvenient for real-time online monitoring; the false alarm rate of the detection method based on data driving is high; the signal-based detection method has complex equipment and difficult measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a lithium battery single body abnormity detection method based on a time series decomposition algorithm,
acquiring battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time and preprocessing the battery voltage data;
decomposing the preprocessed battery voltage data by using a time sequence decomposition algorithm, and extracting a trend term component of the battery voltage;
and calculating the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the comparison result.
In the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time is acquired, and discharge voltage data is selected by using a time window, wherein the length of the time window is set to be an even number.
In the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, the time series decomposition algorithm is adopted to decompose the voltage data and the time
Figure 771450DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Voltage data of
Figure 344383DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Decomposed into trend term components
Figure 655279DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Periodic term component
Figure 175122DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And remainder component
Figure 661598DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 139852DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 938044DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 543469DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Is composed of
A positive integer.
In the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, the trend term component
Figure 336981DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Periodic term component
Figure 127083DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
And remainder component
Figure 537205DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Specific acquisition ofThe process comprises the following steps:
give initial value order
Figure 805375DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The time series is subtracted by the trend term component of the previous round of results, i.e.
Figure 735285DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Removing the trend term component to obtain a residual signal and a periodic signal;
and after the periodic subsequence smoothing and low-flux filtering processing is carried out on the rest signals in sequence, the periodic subsequence periodic signals are purified after the trend of the smooth periodic subsequence is removed, and finally the periodic signals are removed, so that the final trend item component result and the periodic item component result are obtained.
In the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, when periodic subsequence smoothing is performed, sample points at the same position in each period, namely the same position after periodic translation, are combined into a group of sample points
Figure 24184DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
A set of subsequences consisting of subsequences, the number of samples in a period being
Figure 452760DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
(ii) a Each subsequence is subjected to local weighted regression Loess process, and the sequences are respectively extended by 1 time point before and after the local weighted regression Loess process, and are combined to obtain the length of
Figure 259042DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Time series of
Figure 309037DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
In the lithium battery single body abnormity detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, when the low-throughput filtering of the periodic subsequence is carried out, the aperiodic signal in the periodic subsequence is extracted; to pair
Figure 175362DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Are carried out for 3 times respectively in lengths of
Figure 763338DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 29104DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
3, performing a Loess process 1 time to obtain a length of
Figure 199185DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Time series of
Figure 501990DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And removing the periodic difference. In the lithium battery monomer abnormity detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, the trend of removing the smooth periodic subsequence is removed, and periodic subsequence periodic signals are purified, namely
Figure 108421DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
The trend of (2) is removed:
Figure 115560DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
removing the periodic signal from the periodic signal obtained after purification, namely:
Figure 264782DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
in the above lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, trend smoothing is performed: performing Loess process on the sequence after the removal period to obtain
Figure 613855DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Judging whether convergence is needed, and if not, continuing to perform the next iteration; if the iteration converges, outputting the final trend term component result and the periodic term component result of the current iteration:
Figure 582948DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
in the lithium battery monomer abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm, the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent battery monomers is calculated, two attribute vectors A and B are given, and the similarity of the rest chords
Figure 659357DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Given by the dot product and the vector length:
Figure 256560DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
wherein
Figure 901168DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Are subscripts to the components of the vector,
Figure 498503DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure 378603DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
is a positive integer representing the total number of components of the vector;
regarding two voltage values of each single battery at adjacent moments as a vector, wherein each single battery is provided with two adjacent single batteries, the first single battery and the last single battery are considered to be adjacent to each other, and calculating the vector formed by the voltage values of each single battery at two continuous moments and the adjacent single batteries to obtain two cosine similarity values;
when the cosine similarity of the trend item component of a certain battery monomer and the adjacent monomer is smaller than a set threshold T, the monomer is considered to have a fault at the moment of the vector, and an abnormal warning is sent out; if the vector values are both greater than or equal to the threshold value T and less than or equal to 1, the single body is normal at the moment of the vector.
A lithium battery single body abnormity detection system based on a time series decomposition algorithm comprises
A first module: acquiring battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time and preprocessing the battery voltage data;
a second module: decomposing the preprocessed battery voltage data by using a time sequence decomposition algorithm, and extracting a trend term component of the battery voltage;
a third module: and calculating the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the comparison result.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages: (1) The voltage of each single battery is decomposed by adopting a time series decomposition algorithm, and data are effectively processed; (2) The cosine similarity of the voltage trend quantity of the adjacent single batteries is calculated, online real-time battery fault diagnosis can be realized, the calculation speed is high, and the accuracy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the implementation steps of the technical scheme are as shown in figure 1, firstly real vehicle voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time is obtained, then discharge voltage data is selected in a time window, the voltage data is decomposed by a time series decomposition algorithm, and trend item components in the decomposition result are extracted
Figure 971258DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
And calculating the cosine similarity of the trend term components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the calculated result with a set threshold value, and finally judging whether each single battery is abnormal or not according to the comparison result.
The technical scheme comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(a) The battery voltage data acquired by the sensor in real time is obtained, and the discharge voltage data is selected by utilizing a time window (the length of the time window is set to be an even number, so that the cosine similarity is conveniently calculated subsequently), and the data is conveniently decomposed and processed subsequently.
(b) Decomposing the voltage data by adopting a time-series decomposition algorithm STL (Serial-to-dense depletion on Loess), and decomposing the voltage data at a certain moment
Figure 380243DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Decomposed into a Trend term Component (tend Component), a period term Component (sensor Component) and a Remainder Component (remaining Component):
Figure 199294DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 24031DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
STL is divided into inner loops (inner loops), which primarily perform trend fitting and periodic component calculations, and outer loops (outer loops), which are primarily used to adjust robustness weights, i.e., remove outliers. The flow details of the time series decomposition algorithm are as follows:
1) Initialization:
the inner loop starts from the trend item component and is firstly assigned with an initial value
Figure 861406DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
After initialization is finished, internal circulation is started;
2) Removing the trend term component:
subtracting the trend component of the previous round result from the total semaphore of the round, namely
Figure 316658DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
3) Removing the periodic signal:
after the trend term component is removed, the remaining signal mainly consists of two parts, namely a residual signal and a periodic signal, and then the periodic signal is extracted;
3.1 ) periodic subsequence smoothing
Grouping the sample points at the same position in each period (the same position after period translation) into a subsequence set (subsequences), wherein the number of the subsequences is equal to that of the subsequences
Figure 606694DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
One (the number of samples in one period is
Figure 844908DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
). Each subsequence is subjected to local Weighted regression (Loess) process, the front and the back of each subsequence are extended by 1 time point, and the length is obtained by combining
Figure 802369DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Time series of
Figure 694101DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
3.2 Low-Pass Filtering (Low-Pass Filtering) of the periodic sub-sequence, extracting the non-periodic signal in the periodic sub-sequence. To pair
Figure 487745DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Are carried out for 3 times respectively as long as
Figure 982180DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Figure 669514DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
3, 3 sliding average, 1 Loess process is carried out to obtain the length of
Figure 122361DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Time series of
Figure 262355DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Removing the periodic difference; 3.3 Removing the trend of the smooth periodic subsequence, and purifying the periodic subsequence periodic signal, i.e.
Figure 842372DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
The trend of (c) is removed:
Figure 977687DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
obtaining periodic signals after purification;
3.4 Remove periodic signals, i.e.:
Figure 867015DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
4) Trend smoothing — extracting the trend signal needed in the next iteration:
performing Loess process on the sequence after the removal period to obtain
Figure 494305DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Judging whether convergence is needed, and if not, continuing to perform the next iteration; if the iteration converges, outputting the final trend term component result and the periodic term component result of the current iteration:
Figure 612434DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
(c) Extracting trend term component in decomposition result
Figure 8780DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
(d) And calculating the cosine similarity of the trend term components of the adjacent battery cells. Cosine similarity, also called cosine similarity, is to evaluate the similarity between two vectors by calculating the cosine value of the angle between them. Given two attribute vectors A and B, the remaining chord similarities
Figure 6692DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Given by the dot product and the vector length:
Figure 511491DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
since the length of the time window in the discharge voltage data selected by the time window in step (a) is set to be an even number, two voltage values at adjacent moments of each battery cell are regarded as a vector, and each battery cell has two adjacent battery cells (the first battery cell and the last battery cell are regarded as adjacent to each other), so that two cosine similarity values can be obtained by calculating the vector formed by the voltage values at two consecutive moments of each battery cell and the adjacent battery cells.
(e) Setting a threshold value T, and when the cosine similarity of the trend item components of a certain battery monomer and the adjacent monomer is smaller than T, determining that the monomer has a fault at the moment of the vector and sending an abnormal warning; if the vector values are both greater than or equal to the threshold value T and less than or equal to 1, the single body is normal at the moment of the vector. The specific setting of the threshold T depends on the actual need.
The invention also provides a lithium battery monomer abnormity detection system based on the time series decomposition algorithm, which comprises
A first module: acquiring battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time and preprocessing the battery voltage data;
a second module: decomposing the preprocessed battery voltage data by using a time sequence decomposition algorithm, and extracting a trend term component of the battery voltage;
a third module: and calculating the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the comparison result.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A lithium battery single body abnormity detection method based on a time series decomposition algorithm is characterized in that,
acquiring battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time and preprocessing the battery voltage data;
decomposing the preprocessed battery voltage data by using a time sequence decomposition algorithm, and extracting a trend term component of the battery voltage;
and calculating the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the comparison result.
2. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time-series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein battery voltage data acquired by the sensor in real time is obtained, and discharge voltage data is selected using a time window, wherein the length of the time window is set to an even number.
3. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time-series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time-series decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the voltage data to determine the time
Figure 657478DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Voltage data of
Figure 377172DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Decomposed into trend term components
Figure 529674DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Periodic term component
Figure 397136DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And remainder component
Figure 919384DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 368951DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 318452DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 204369DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Is composed of
A positive integer.
4. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on time series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trend term component
Figure 375980DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Periodic term component
Figure 539108DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And remainder component
Figure 784145DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The specific acquisition process comprises:
give initial value order
Figure 376931DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
The time series is subtracted by the trend term component of the previous round of results, i.e.
Figure 240982DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Removing the trend item component to obtain a residual signal with residual signals and periodic signals;
and after periodic subsequence smoothing and low-throughput filtering are sequentially carried out on the rest signals, the periodic subsequence periodic signals are purified after the trend of the smooth periodic subsequence is removed, and finally the periodic signals are removed, so that the final trend item component result and the periodic item component result are obtained.
5. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time-series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein a periodic cycle is performedWhen the sub-sequence is smoothed, the sample points at the same position in each period, namely the same position after period translation, are combined into a group
Figure 648830DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
A set of subsequences consisting of subsequences, the number of samples in a period being
Figure 205713DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
(ii) a Each subsequence is subjected to local weighted regression Loess process, and the sequences are respectively extended by 1 time point before and after the local weighted regression Loess process, and are combined to obtain the length of
Figure 315489DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Time series of
Figure 983231DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
6. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that when low-throughput filtering of the periodic subsequence is performed, non-periodic signals in the periodic subsequence are extracted; to pair
Figure 183268DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Are carried out for 3 times respectively in lengths of
Figure 786419DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 275169DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
3, 3 sliding average, 1 Loess process is carried out to obtain the length of
Figure 605656DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Time series of
Figure 597883DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Removal of periodicityA difference.
7. The lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein a trend of removing a smooth periodic subsequence is performed, and periodic subsequence periodic signals are purified, that is
Figure 88381DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
The trend of (c) is removed:
Figure 657903DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
removing the periodic signal from the periodic signal obtained after purification, namely:
Figure 933026DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
8. the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time series decomposition algorithm according to claim 1, characterized by performing trend smoothing: performing Loess process on the sequence after the removal period to obtain
Figure 920705DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Judging whether convergence is needed, and if not, continuing to perform the next iteration; if the iteration converges, outputting the final trend term component result and the periodic term component result of the current iteration:
Figure 52609DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
9. the lithium battery cell abnormality detection method based on the time-series decomposition algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein cosine similarity of trend term components of adjacent battery cells is calculated, and two attribute directions are givenQuantity A and B, remaining chord similarity
Figure 515951DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Given by the dot product and the vector length:
Figure 640771DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
wherein
Figure 997803DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Are subscripts to the components of the vector,
Figure 51341DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Figure 736400DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is a positive integer representing the total number of components of the vector;
regarding two voltage values of each single battery at adjacent moments as a vector, wherein each single battery is provided with two adjacent single batteries, the first single battery and the last single battery are considered to be adjacent to each other, and calculating the vector formed by the voltage values of each single battery at two continuous moments and the adjacent single batteries to obtain two cosine similarity values;
when the cosine similarity of the trend item components of a certain battery monomer and the adjacent monomer is smaller than a set threshold value T, the monomer is considered to have a fault at the moment of the vector, and an abnormal warning is sent; if the vector values are both greater than or equal to the threshold value T and less than or equal to 1, the single body is normal at the moment of the vector.
10. A lithium battery single body abnormity detection system based on a time series decomposition algorithm is characterized by comprising
A first module: acquiring battery voltage data acquired by a sensor in real time and preprocessing the battery voltage data;
a second module: decomposing the preprocessed battery voltage data by using a time sequence decomposition algorithm, and extracting a trend term component of the battery voltage;
a third module: and calculating the cosine similarity of the trend item components of the adjacent single batteries, comparing the cosine similarity with a set threshold value, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the comparison result.
CN202211462784.0A 2022-11-22 2022-11-22 Lithium battery single body abnormity detection method and system based on time series decomposition algorithm Pending CN115494418A (en)

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Application publication date: 20221220