CN115491453A - PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and device - Google Patents
PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 179
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and a device, relating to the technical field of metallurgy, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oxidized pellets react with the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas; reducing unmetallized iron oxide and a second substance in the metalized pellet to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas; dedusting the SF furnace gas to obtain purified SF furnace gas; removing CO from the purified SF furnace gas 2 Then, reducing gas is obtained; and heating the reducing gas and/or the supplementary reducing gas to obtain high-temperature reducing gas. The device comprises: SF furnace, EBF furnace, dust removing equipment, CO removing 2 Equipment and heating equipment. The invention gets rid of the dependence on the traditional high-quality coking coal, greatly reduces the loss of the traditional iron-making process to the block fuel, improves the heat transfer effect, enhances the utilization rate of the chemical energy of carbon, reduces the production cost, has strong adaptability to coal and ore resources, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and a device.
Background
The prior art mature iron-making process mainly comprises blast furnace iron-making, smelting reduction (HIsmelt, COREX, finex), direct reduction (gas-based direct reduction, coal-based direct reduction) and the like, and the prior art has advantages and disadvantages and mainly comprises the following steps:
1. blast furnace ironmaking:
the process technology is mature, the annual capacity of single equipment can reach more than million tons, but the defect is that the process technology excessively depends on high-quality metallurgical coke; coking, sintering and pelletizing need to be constructed in a matching way, and the system investment is large; the blast furnace has high operation difficulty and is difficult to recover after abnormal and fluctuating furnace conditions; cost, carbon emission and energy consumption are high.
2. Melting and reducing:
(1) The heat transfer effect of the HIsmelt process is poor, the molten iron temperature of a molten pool is only 1400-1450 ℃, the smoke gas amount is as high as 2700Nm3/t iron, the smoke gas temperature reaches 1600 ℃, and a large amount of physical heat is lost outside the furnace along with the smoke gas; high iron loss, high fuel consumption and high carbon emission.
(2) The COREX and Finex molten iron [ Si ] has high content, the gas generation amount is overlarge, and the primary carbon consumption is high.
(3) The chemical energy utilization rate of carbon is insufficient, and part of carbon elements escape with coal gas in the form of CO, so that the chemical energy of the carbon cannot be further utilized.
3. Direct reduction:
(1) The hydrogen-based shaft furnace has high requirement on the quality of ores, the gangue content of low-grade ores with the Fe content of 52-55% is high, the grade of the produced direct reduced iron is less than 70% under the condition of the metallization rate of 90%, and the problems of low utilization value or high rear-end utilization cost are faced.
(2) The coal-based direct reduction needs blocky fuel, so that the carbon consumption is high; and the gas-based shaft furnace has the same problem of high requirement on ore quality.
In the mature smelting reduction iron-making process, the HIsmelt process has high iron loss, high fuel consumption and high carbon emission; the molten iron [ Si ] in the COREX and Finex processes is high in content, the gas generation amount is overlarge, and the primary carbon consumption is high; the gas-based shaft furnace cannot solve the problem of low-carbon and low-energy consumption utilization of low-grade ores, and the chemical energy utilization rate of the process carbon is insufficient. Therefore, aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method and a device thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PLCsmelt (Pan Steel Low Carbon smelting) smelting reduction iron-making method and a device, which adopt a brand-new smelting reduction iron-making method and adopt a Low-Carbon electric blast furnace (EBF furnace), a gas-based shaft furnace (SF furnace), a top gas decarburization cycle and pure O 2 The multiple process technologies such as coal mine composite injection and the like are combined, the dependence on the traditional high-quality coking coal is eliminated, the loss of the traditional iron making process to the block fuel is greatly reduced, the heat transfer effect is improved, the utilization rate of the chemical energy of carbon is enhanced, the production cost is reduced, the adaptability of coal and ore resources is strong, and the like. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron making method, comprising the steps of:
the oxidized pellets react with the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
reducing unmetallized iron oxide and a second substance in the metalized pellet to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
the SF furnace gas is dedusted to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
removing CO from the purified SF furnace gas 2 Then, reducing gas is obtained;
and heating the reducing gas and/or the supplementary reducing gas to obtain high-temperature reducing gas.
Further, the first material comprises high-temperature reducing gas and EBF furnace gas, and the high-temperature reducing gas and the EBF furnace gas are used as internal recycle gas.
Further, the make-up reducing gas comprises: one or more of pure green hydrogen, treated coke oven gas or natural gas.
Further, the second substance is high-temperature reducing gas; or high-temperature reducing gas and lump fuel; or high-temperature reducing gas, block fuel, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas; or high-temperature reducing gas, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas.
Further, the bulk fuel includes coke and/or lump coal.
Further, the second substance is injected into the EBF furnace, and the injection temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃.
Further, the composition of the SF furnace gas comprises: h 2 、CO、H 2 O and CO 2 ；
The reducing gas comprises the following components: h 2 And CO.
Further, the temperature of the high-temperature reducing gas is 400-4000 ℃.
On the other hand, the invention discloses a PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking device, which comprises:
SF furnace, EBF furnace, dust removing equipment and CO removal 2 Equipment and heating equipment;
the SF furnace is used for providing a pre-reduction reaction site for the oxidized pellets and the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
the EBF furnace is used for providing a reduction site for the unmetallized iron oxide and the second substance in the metallized pellets and reducing to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
the dust removal equipment is used for purifying SF furnace gas generated from the SF furnace to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
the CO removal 2 A device for removing CO from the purified SF furnace gas coming out of the dust removing device 2 Treating to obtain reducing gas;
the heating equipment is used for removing CO 2 And heating the reducing gas treated by the equipment to obtain high-temperature reducing gas.
Further, the heating equipment comprises a hot blast stove, a straight pipe and plasma.
Further, a feed inlet is formed in the top end of the EBF furnace;
and the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace is provided with a plurality of blowing openings, slag openings and iron openings from top to bottom in sequence.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
first, the present invention uses a low carbon EBF furnace, an SF furnace, a top gas decarbonization cycle and pure O 2 The coal mine composite injection and other multiple process technologies are combined, so that the smelting method is low in consumption and low in carbon, and has high application value;
secondly, the invention adopts the EBF furnace design, compared with the traditional blast furnace, COREX and Finex processes, the invention cancels the gas making function in the furnace, and can realize zero-carbon metallurgy in the future;
thirdly, the invention adopts pure O 2 The coal mine composite injection technology is more beneficial to comprehensive recycling of special resources such as V, ti and other elements by controlling the atmosphere of a low-carbon EBF furnace, and the V element of the process mainly enters molten iron through reduction and is extracted from the molten iron; the Ti element mainly enters into the slag and TiO in the slag 2 The higher the content, the more valuable the recycling.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circular flow chart of the PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, on one hand, the invention discloses a PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking method, and as shown in figure 1, the PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking method disclosed by the invention is a circulation flow chart, and the method comprises the following steps:
the oxidized pellets react with the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
reducing unmetallized iron oxide and a second substance in the metalized pellet to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
enabling the SF furnace gas to enter dust removal equipment to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
the SF furnace gas is subjected to CO removal 2 After the equipment, reducing gas is obtained;
and after the reducing gas and/or the supplementary reducing gas pass through heating equipment, obtaining high-temperature reducing gas, and respectively blowing the high-temperature reducing gas into the EBF furnace and the SF furnace.
Preferably, the first material comprises high temperature reducing gas and EBF furnace gas as internally recycled recycle gas.
Preferably, the make-up reducing gas comprises: one or more of pure green hydrogen, treated coke oven gas or natural gas.
Preferably, the second substance is a high-temperature reducing gas; or high-temperature reducing gas and lump fuel; or high-temperature reducing gas, block fuel, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas; or high-temperature reducing gas, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas.
Preferably, the bulk fuel comprises coke and/or lump coal.
Preferably, the second substance is injected into the EBF furnace, and the injection temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃.
Preferably, the composition of the SF furnace gas comprises: h 2 、H 2 O, CO and CO 2 ；
The reducing gas comprises the following components: h 2 And CO.
Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature reducing gas is 400 to 4000 ℃.
Based on the method, the invention also discloses a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making device, which comprises the following steps:
SF furnace, EBF furnace, dust removing equipment and CO removal 2 Equipment and heating equipment;
the SF furnace is used for providing a pre-reduction reaction field for the oxidized pellets and the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
the EBF furnace is used for providing a reduction site for the unmetallized iron oxide and the second substance in the metallized pellets and reducing to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
the dust removal equipment is used for purifying SF furnace gas generated from the SF furnace to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
the CO removal 2 A device for removing CO from the purified SF furnace gas coming out of the dust removing device 2 Treating to obtain reducing gas;
the heating equipment is used for removing CO 2 And heating the reducing gas treated by the equipment to obtain high-temperature reducing gas.
Preferably, the heating device comprises a hot blast stove, a straight pipe and plasma.
Preferably, a feed inlet is arranged at the top end of the EBF furnace;
and the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace is provided with a plurality of blowing openings, slag openings and iron openings from top to bottom in sequence.
Specifically, the PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method is provided with an EBF furnace, an SF furnace and a gas degassing furnaceCarbon and coal gas heating equipment, and the like, adopting tuyere to blow coke oven gas, coal/ore mixed spray and pure O 2 Advanced techniques such as air blowing.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking device, and FIG. 2 shows that the upper end of an SF furnace is connected with a gas pipe network through a gas balance regulating valve, the lower end of the SF furnace is connected with the upper end of an EBF furnace, the upper end of the EBF furnace is provided with a plurality of feed inlets, and the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace is provided with a plurality of air ports, slag ports and iron ports. The SF furnace is sequentially connected with dust removal equipment and CO removal equipment 2 Equipment connection, CO removal 2 The equipment is directly connected with heating equipment for removing CO 2 The equipment is connected with the SF furnace through a temperature regulating valve (2) and simultaneously removes CO 2 The equipment and the reducing gas supplementing device are connected with the EBF furnace through a temperature regulating valve (1), wherein the components of the reducing gas supplementing device can be regulated through a component regulating valve.
1. The SF furnace is a pre-reduction unit of the PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking method.
The oxidized pellets are loaded from the upper part of the SF furnace, the reducing gas is introduced from the lower part, and the reducing gas (reducing gas) has three sources, namely coal gas generated by the EBF furnace and top coal gas of the SF furnace after CO removal 2 And thirdly, newly supplementing reducing gas. The former two are internal recycle gas, and the newly supplemented reducing gas can be pure green hydrogen, or treated coke oven gas or natural gas. Gas component of SF furnace reducing gas (e.g. H) 2 CO) can be regulated by means of a composition regulating valve, where H 2 The volume ratio of CO has the following factors: different ore composition, H 2 Price and process carbon emissions, etc.; the gas temperature of the reducing gas of the SF furnace can be adjusted through the temperature adjusting valve (2), specifically, when the temperature of the heated gas is too high, the temperature adjusting valve (2) is opened, the unheated gas and the heated gas are mixed and enter the SF furnace, and the temperature of the furnace is reduced; on the contrary, the temperature of the gas entering the furnace can be improved by closing the opening degree of the temperature adjusting valve (2).
2. The low-carbon EBF furnace is a deep melting and separating unit of the PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method.
The metallized pellets produced by the pre-reduction of the SF furnace are output from the lower part of the SF furnace through a spiral conveyor and are loaded into the EBF furnace from the top, and a small amount of or no block fuel is loaded from the top of the EBF furnace according to the requirement, namely according to the temperature of the EBF furnace (the detection temperature of discharged slag iron), wherein the block fuel can be materials which contain carbon and have certain granularity, such as coke, lump coal and the like.
Passing through a dust removing device and removing CO 2 High-quality reducing gas or newly supplemented reducing gas treated by the equipment is further heated by heating equipment to become a carrier of heat energy and chemical energy, and the carrier is blown into the furnace from an air port of the EBF furnace, so that the carrier plays a role of a reducing agent on one hand, and iron oxide which is not completely metallized in the metallized pellets is subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction to generate metallic iron; on the other hand, a heat source is provided, and pure O is blown from the tuyere 2 And (3) reacting to release a large amount of heat, and melting metal iron and gangue generated by reduction of the oxidized pellets into liquid molten iron and slag by physical heat brought by the reducing gas, so as to realize slag-iron separation. According to the yield, a plurality of slag holes and iron holes are arranged on the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace, separation is carried out according to different densities of liquid molten iron and slag, the density of the slag is lower at the upper part, and the density of the molten iron is higher at the lower part, so that the slag and iron separation is realized. For discharging liquid molten iron and slag, respectively. And introducing coal gas of the EBF furnace into the bottom of the SF furnace to serve as a reducing agent of the SF furnace.
The blowing mineral powder at the tuyere of the EBF furnace can reduce the theoretical combustion temperature in front of the tuyere and prevent molten iron [ Si ]]The content is too high. According to the yield, a plurality of tuyeres are arranged on the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace, the tuyeres are designed by adopting a plurality of injection ports, each type of injection port is provided with a plurality of injection ports, the injection ports of the same type are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction, and simultaneously high-temperature reducing gas and pure O are injected 2 Coal powder, mineral powder and coke oven gas. Note that the high-temperature reducing gas, pure O 2 The coke oven gas and the coal powder are injected by independent air ports, the coal powder and the mineral powder can be injected by one air port, and the positions of the air ports are all arranged above a slag hole. The coal powder, the mineral powder and the coke oven gas can be independently selected to be injected or not injected according to the requirement. The reducing gas is a high-temperature injection material, can be heated to 400-4000 ℃ by means of a hot blast stove, a straight pipe, plasma heating and the like, specifically, the temperature of the gas entering the furnace is controlled by a temperature regulating valve (1), when the temperature of the heated gas is too high, the temperature regulating valve (1) is opened, the unheated gasThe body and the heated gas are mixed and enter the EBF furnace, so that the temperature of the furnace is reduced; on the contrary, the opening degree of the temperature adjusting valve (1) is closed, so that the temperature of the gas entering the furnace can be increased.
It should be noted that, when the blowing action of the pulverized coal and the blowing action of the ore powder are different, the blowing amount is also different. Wherein the high-temperature reducing gas is used for providing heat and reducing agent, and the amount of the reducing gas is determined by the metallization ratio MR of the metallized pellets added into the EBF furnace and the temperature of the EBF furnace; the coke oven gas serves to provide a reducing agent, the amount of which is determined by the metallization rate of the metallized pellets added by the EBF furnace and the amount of reducing gas, and the prices of the reducing gas and the coke oven gas also affect the injection amount of the two gases.
The mineral powder is sprayed into the tuyere for endothermic reaction, and simultaneously, the mineral powder is used as an iron material to replace part of metallized pellets and directly enters the EBF furnace, so that the processing energy consumption and the cost of the metallized pellets are reduced, and the precondition that the mineral powder can be sprayed is that the heat and the reducing agent in the EBF furnace are abundant, and the more the abundance is, the more the spraying amount is.
The pulverized coal is injected into the tuyere and decomposed at the front end of the tuyere under a high-temperature condition, which is an endothermic reaction, but the subsequent carbon combustion generates reducing gas CO, which is an exothermic reaction, so the pulverized coal has two functions, namely, the theoretical combustion temperature is balanced at the injection port, and heat and reducing agent are supplemented for the hearth, the amount of the pulverized coal is determined by whether the amount of the heat and the reducing agent in the EBF furnace needs to be supplemented or not and the market price of the pulverized coal, and when the price of the coal is very low, the injection amount of the pulverized coal can be properly increased, and the injection amount of other reducing agents and fuel is correspondingly reduced.
Pure O 2 Is an oxidant of the combustion reaction (burning lump fuel) in front of the tuyere, pure O 2 The amount of the fuel is determined by the amount of the fuel block at the top.
Pure O 2 The coal ore powder and the coke oven gas are low-temperature injection materials, and the temperature can be controlled below 900 ℃ or to room temperature. The high-temperature reducing gas is a main source of a heat source and a reducing agent of the EBF furnace; when the heat source and the reducing agent of the EBF furnace are insufficient, the heat source and the reducing agent can be supplemented by coke, lump coal, injected coal powder and coke oven gas; when the heat source and the reducing agent provided by the high-temperature reducing gas are sufficient, andwhen the reducing gas component is obtained by full green electric energy, the EBF furnace realizes pure EBF furnace smelting, and the PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method realizes zero-carbon smelting.
3. The top gas decarbonization heating system is a gas treatment and chemical energy efficient recycling unit of a PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron-making method.
The main component of the gas at the top of the SF furnace comprises H 2 、H 2 O, CO and CO 2 After the dust removal equipment is purified, the CO is removed 2 Equipment for obtaining a mixture of a major component comprising H 2 Reducing gases such as CO and the like, if the gas quantity of the system is insufficient, a part of external reducing gases can be supplemented, and the external reducing gases can be adjusted through a component adjusting valve; if the gas quantity of the system is rich, a part of gas can be discharged outside, and the gas can be adjusted through the gas balance adjusting valve, so that the gas quantity of the system meets the requirement. When the decarbonized SF furnace gas and the supplemented reducing gas are mixed to obtain the mixed reducing gas, the mixed reducing gas can be heated in a multi-stage or single-stage mode, according to the heat source economy, various modes such as a hot blast stove, a straight pipe, plasma and the like are selected, one part of the high-temperature reducing gas obtained by heating is blown into the EBF furnace through a tuyere above the EBF furnace, and the other part of the high-temperature reducing gas is sent into the SF furnace through the lower part of the SF furnace and is used as the reducing gas of the SF furnace. The two parts of gas can be respectively heated to the required temperature by adopting one stage or multiple stages according to the process requirement.
It should be noted that the insufficient gas amount of the system has two meanings:
firstly, the reduction reaction of iron oxide is insufficient, the metallization rate of the metallized pellet output from the SF furnace cannot meet the requirement, and the judgment can be carried out by detecting the content of metallic iron elements.
Second is H of gas 2 CO ratio not meeting the requirement, H 2 The amount is insufficient. Due to H 2 The reactions as reducing agents are all strongly endothermic: fe 2 O 3 +H 2 →Fe 3 O 4 +H 2 O；Fe 3 O 4 +H 2 →FeO+H 2 O；FeO+H 2 →Fe+H 2 O。
When H is present 2 When the percentage content is too low, the lower part of the SF furnace can generate liquid phase due to too high temperature, so that bonding is caused; when H is present 2 When the percentage content is too high, the reaction speed is too low, the reaction is insufficient, the pellet metallization rate is too low due to too low temperature at the upper part of the SF furnace, and the equipment efficiency is finally influenced. The comprehensive judgment can be carried out through the metallization rate of the metallized pellets and the detection of a thermocouple in an SF furnace.
The gas quantity surplus of the system can be judged by the utilization rate of the SF furnace top gas, namely: CO 2 2 /(CO 2 + CO) and H 2 O/(H 2 +H 2 O), wherein the higher the CO content is, the lower the coal gas utilization rate is, and a part of the coal gas is required to be discharged to reduce the coal gas amount at the moment.
As shown in table 1 below, PLCsmelt is compared with the existing process cost, energy consumption, carbon emission, and LCA environmental impact, and it can be seen from table 1 that the PLCsmelt smelting reduction iron making method of the present invention effectively reduces the production cost, reduces the carbon emission, gets rid of the dependence on the traditional high quality coking coal, greatly reduces the loss of the traditional iron making process to the lump fuel, and lightens the LCA (life cycle assessment) environmental impact.
TABLE 1 PLCsmelt comparison with existing Process cost, energy consumption, carbon emissions, LCA environmental impact
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the oxidized pellets react with the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
reducing unmetallized iron oxide and a second substance in the metalized pellet to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
dedusting the SF furnace gas to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
removing CO from the purified SF furnace gas 2 Then, reducing gas is obtained;
and heating the reducing gas and/or the supplementary reducing gas to obtain high-temperature reducing gas.
2. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 1,
the first substances comprise high-temperature reducing gas and EBF furnace gas which are used as internal recycle gas.
3. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 2,
the supplemental reducing gas includes: one or more of pure green hydrogen, treated coke oven gas or natural gas.
4. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,
the second substance is high-temperature reducing gas; or high-temperature reducing gas and lump fuel; or high-temperature reducing gas, block fuel, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas; or high-temperature reducing gas, coal powder, mineral powder and pure O 2 And coke oven gas.
5. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 4,
the lump fuel includes coke and/or lump coal.
6. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 4,
and blowing the second substance into the EBF furnace, wherein the blowing temperature is between room temperature and 900 ℃.
7. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 1,
the SF furnace gas comprises the following components: h 2 、CO、H 2 O and CO 2 ；
The reducing gas comprises the following components: h 2 And CO.
8. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking process according to claim 1,
the temperature of the high-temperature reducing gas is 400-4000 ℃.
9. A PLCsmelt reduction ironmaking plant, the plant comprising:
SF furnace, EBF furnace, dust removing equipment, CO removing 2 Equipment and heating equipment;
the SF furnace is used for providing a pre-reduction reaction site for the oxidized pellets and the first substance to obtain metallized pellets and SF furnace gas;
the EBF furnace is used for providing a reduction site for the unmetallized iron oxide and the second substance in the metallized pellets and reducing to generate molten iron, slag and EBF furnace gas;
the dust removal equipment is used for purifying SF furnace gas generated from the SF furnace to obtain purified SF furnace gas;
the CO removal 2 A device for removing CO from the purified SF gas discharged from the dust removing device 2 Treating to obtain reducing gas;
the heating equipment is used for removing CO 2 And heating the reducing gas treated by the equipment to obtain high-temperature reducing gas.
10. The PLCmelt reduction ironmaking plant according to claim 9,
the heating equipment comprises a hot blast stove, a straight pipe and plasma.
11. The PLCsmelt smelting reduction ironmaking plant according to claim 9, wherein,
a feed inlet is formed in the top end of the EBF furnace;
and the circumferential surface of the EBF furnace is provided with a plurality of blowing openings, slag openings and iron openings from top to bottom in sequence.
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