CN115482312B - Surface temperature space simulation correction method based on DEM and urban heat island - Google Patents
Surface temperature space simulation correction method based on DEM and urban heat island Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ground surface temperature space simulation correction method based on a DEM and an urban heat island, which comprises the steps of data information preparation, spatialization processing of meteorological monitoring station data, meteorological monitoring station ground surface temperature space weighted interpolation calculation, meteorological monitoring station Thiessen polygon calculation, comparison and judgment of DEM pixel altitude and monitoring station altitude in a Thiessen polygon range, ground surface temperature correction calculation according to the DEM data, further correction by adopting urban built-up area range data, result drawing, output of a ground surface temperature space simulation correction result graph and the like. The remarkable effects are as follows: by utilizing a spatial interpolation algorithm, simultaneously taking the terrain elevation and the urban heat island as variables, and correcting the spatial interpolation result twice by using DEM data and urban built-up area range data; therefore, the problem of surface temperature space simulation in areas with complex terrain and much cloud and mist weather is effectively solved, and the application range is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geographic information, in particular to a surface temperature space simulation correction method based on a DEM (digital elevation model) and an urban heat island.
Background
The surface temperature has great significance to the production and life of human beings, and is an important parameter for researching the surface energy balance and the land surface process. At present, earth surface temperature inversion and space simulation are mainly carried out by utilizing satellite remote sensing data, such as Landsat series, MODIS, VIIRS, AATSR, SLSTR and the like, and the adopted algorithms comprise a single-channel algorithm, a multi-angle algorithm and the like.
However, the algorithm is used for temperature inversion and space simulation on the basis of satellite remote sensing image data, and is mainly suitable for areas with smooth terrain and uniform types, and has great limitations in areas with complex terrain and heavy cloud and fog weather. The main reasons are two: firstly, in areas with heavy cloud and fog weather, satellite remote sensing images are difficult to acquire, the image quality is poor, and surface temperature inversion is difficult to carry out; and secondly, in areas with complex terrain, the surface temperature inversion has the difficulties of difficult modeling, complex parameters, difficult verification and the like. Therefore, in areas with complex terrain and heavy cloud and fog weather, surface temperature inversion and space simulation of the areas are difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a ground surface temperature space simulation correction method based on a DEM and an urban heat island.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a ground surface temperature space simulation correction method based on DEM and urban heat island is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing data information, wherein the data information comprises meteorological monitoring station data, DEM data and city built-up area range data;
step 2, carrying out spatialization processing on data of the meteorological monitoring station;
step 3, performing earth surface temperature space weighted interpolation calculation on the spatialized meteorological monitoring station data to obtain an earth surface temperature space weighted interpolation result;
step 4, generating a Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station by using the spatialized weather monitoring station data;
step 5, comparing and judging the DEM pixel altitude and the meteorological monitoring station altitude in the meteorological monitoring station Thiessen polygon based on the meteorological monitoring station data, the DEM data and the meteorological monitoring station Thiessen polygon after the spatialization processing;
step 6, performing surface temperature space simulation correction calculation based on the comparison and judgment result of the step 5;
step 7, carrying out secondary correction on the ground surface temperature space simulation correction result obtained in the step 6 by adopting the range data of the urban built-up area;
and 8, drawing by using the secondary correction result obtained in the step 7, and outputting a surface temperature space simulation correction result graph.
Furthermore, the meteorological monitoring station data is in an Excel format and comprises air temperature and longitude and latitude coordinate attributes, and data space reference information is unified into a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation standard.
Further, the step 2 of performing spatialization processing on the data of the weather monitoring station comprises the following steps:
carrying out spatialization processing in an Arcgis platform by utilizing longitude and latitude coordinates in the meteorological monitoring station data, and inheriting related attribute information to obtain a vector layer QXD of the meteorological monitoring station;
a field of altitude is newly added in the QXD layer and named as HBGD so as to record the altitude of a monitoring station;
and simultaneously loading DEM data and a QXD layer in the Arcmap, inquiring the altitude of each meteorological monitoring station and recording the altitude into an HBGD field.
Further, the calculation method of the weighted interpolation result of the earth surface temperature space in step 3 is as follows:
according to the formula
Calculating an estimate Z of a surface temperature spatial weighted interpolation 0 Wherein D is i Is a distance; p is a distance D i Power of z i Property values for the ith (i =1,2,3 \8230; n) sample;
according to the surface temperature estimated value Z of all meteorological monitoring stations 0 And obtaining a surface temperature space weighting interpolation result.
Further, the generation process of the Thiessen polygon of the image monitoring station in the step 4 is as follows:
performing Delaunay triangulation on all weather monitoring stations;
calculating the centers of all the circumscribed circles of the triangles;
connecting the centers of circumscribed circles of adjacent triangles;
and deleting the original triangular network to obtain the Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring site.
Further, in the step 5, the comparison and judgment process of the DEM pixel altitude in the Thiessen polygon of the meteorological monitoring station and the meteorological monitoring station altitude is as follows:
adding vector diagram data of a meteorological monitoring station, thiessen polygons of the meteorological monitoring station and DEM data into the Arcmap;
the method comprises the steps that a Spatialjoin tool is used for associating an altitude attribute in vector graph layer data of a weather monitoring station to a weather monitoring station Thiessen polygon, a Feature to Raster tool is used for converting the weather monitoring station Thiessen polygon into grid format data, the altitude attribute is reserved, and a new graph layer QXTX _ Raster is produced;
and calculating the height difference between the pixel altitude and the meteorological monitoring station altitude in the DEM data by using a DEM-QXTX _ raster formula in a grid calculator to generate a meteorological point height difference map layer QXDGC.
Further, step 6, the steps of the surface temperature space simulation correction calculation are as follows:
calculating and obtaining a surface temperature space simulation correction result DWJZ according to a correction formula DWJZ = WDCZ + (-1 QXDGC x 0.006), wherein WDCZ is a surface temperature space weighted interpolation result; and 5, QXDGC is used for comparing and judging the height difference between the elevation of the DEM data pixel in the Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station and the elevation of the weather monitoring station in the step 5.
Further, the process of performing secondary correction on the correction result obtained in step 6 in step 7 is as follows:
and (4) loading the range data of the built-up area of the city and the correction result obtained in the step (6) in the Arcmap, and cutting the DWJZ image layer by using an Extract by mask tool and the range of the built-up area of the city as a mask to obtain two new image layers DWJZ In built-up areas of cities 、DWJZ Outside the built-up area of the city ；
Calculating the intensity UHI of the urban heat island;
when the meteorological monitoring station is positioned in the range of the urban built-up area, DWJZ is carried out according to the formula Outside urban built-up area UHI, when the weather monitoring station is outside the area of the built-up city area, according to DWJZ In built-up areas of cities + the UHI is calculated for each of the samples,
and splicing the two calculated result data by using a 'Mosaic to new reader' tool to generate a secondary correction result layer DWJZJG.
Further, the process of obtaining the "surface temperature space simulation correction result map" in step 8 is as follows:
acquiring a secondary correction result of the step 7;
drawing a ground surface temperature space simulation correction result by using the secondary correction result, adjusting the image layer space to a proper size, and matching a scale, a compass and a legend;
and setting the image resolution to 300dpj by using an Export map tool, and outputting a surface temperature space simulation correction result graph.
The invention has the remarkable effects that: on the basis of temperature data of a meteorological monitoring station, a terrain elevation and an urban heat island are used as variables by using a spatial interpolation algorithm, the spatial interpolation result is corrected twice by using DEM data and urban built-up area range data, and finally, surface temperature spatial simulation is carried out to obtain a surface temperature spatial simulation correction result graph; compared with the prior art, the method effectively solves the problem of surface temperature space simulation in areas with complex terrain and much cloud and mist weather, and has wider application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments and the working principles of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a surface temperature spatial simulation correction method based on DEM and urban heat island includes the following steps:
step 1, data material preparation:
the data information used comprises weather monitoring station data, DEM data and city built-up area range data (vector format), wherein the weather monitoring station data is in an Excel format and comprises attributes such as temperature, longitude and latitude coordinates and the like, and data space reference information is unified into a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation standard;
step 2, carrying out spatialization processing on the data of the meteorological monitoring station, and specifically comprising the following steps:
the obtained weather monitoring station data is an excel table, and by utilizing longitude and latitude coordinates in the excel table, spatialization processing is carried out in an Arcgis platform, and relevant attribute information such as temperature and the like is inherited, so that a weather monitoring station vector map layer (point map layer) is obtained and named as QXD;
a field of altitude is newly added in the QXD layer and named as HBGD so as to record the altitude of a monitoring station;
and simultaneously loading DEM data and a QXD layer in the Arcmap, inquiring the altitude of each meteorological monitoring station by using an identity tool, and recording the altitude into an HBGD field.
Step 3, carrying out space weighted interpolation calculation on the earth surface temperature of the meteorological monitoring station:
for the QXD layer, performing surface temperature space weighted interpolation calculation by using the following algorithm formula, and setting the temperature as the weight:
according to the formula
Calculating an estimate Z of a surface temperature spatial weighted interpolation 0 Wherein D is i Is a distance; p is a distance D i The power of (b), which shows the result of image interpolation, whose selection criterion is the minimum mean absolute error, the higher the power P value, the smoother the interpolation result, we choose P =2; z is a radical of i Property values for the ith (i =1,2,3 \8230; n) sample;
according to the surface temperature estimated value Z of all meteorological monitoring stations 0 And obtaining a surface temperature space weighting interpolation result.
The surface temperature space weighted interpolation result is obtained through calculation of the algorithm formula and is named as WDCZ (grid format), but the result is in an ideal state, and influence of terrain elevation and urban heat island effect on temperature is not considered. The method comprises the following steps of correcting WDCZ by utilizing DEM altitude data and urban heat island strength, so as to obtain a surface temperature space simulation result which is more in line with objective rules.
Step 4, computing a Thiessen polygon of the meteorological monitoring site:
the process of generating the thieson polygons of the weather monitoring sites by using the spatialized weather monitoring site data is as follows (refer to the thesis of algorithm research paper of the topological form of the wireless optical network based on the thieson polygons):
performing Delaunay triangulation on all weather monitoring stations;
calculating the centers of circumscribed circles of all triangles;
connecting the centers of the circumscribed circles of the adjacent triangles;
and deleting the original triangular network to obtain a Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station, which is named as QXTX.
Step 5, comparing and judging the DEM pixel altitude and the monitoring station altitude in the Thiessen polygon range:
based on weather monitoring station data, DEM data and weather monitoring station Thiessen polygons after spatialization processing, the comparison and judgment of the DEM pixel altitude and the weather monitoring station altitude in the weather monitoring station Thiessen polygons are carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding vector layer QXD of a gas image monitoring site, thiessen polygon QXTX of the gas image monitoring site and DEM data into Arcmap;
associating the altitude 'HBGD' attribute in the weather monitoring site vector layer QXD to a weather monitoring site Thiessen polygon QXTX by using a Spatialjoin tool;
then converting the Thiessen polygon QXTX of the meteorological monitoring site into grid format data by using a Feature to register tool, reserving the altitude attribute, and producing a new graph layer QXTX _ Raster;
and calculating the altitude difference between the pixel altitude and the meteorological monitoring station altitude in DEM data by using a DEM-QXTX _ raster formula in a grid calculator to generate a meteorological point altitude difference layer QXDGC. In QXDGC, the positive value indicates that the elevation of the DEM pixel is higher than that of the monitoring station, and the negative value indicates that the elevation of the DEM pixel is lower than that of the monitoring station.
And 6, performing surface temperature correction calculation according to DEM data:
based on the comparison and judgment result in the step 5, the process of performing surface temperature space simulation correction calculation is as follows;
according to the principle that the air temperature is reduced by 0.6 ℃ when the altitude rises by 100 meters, the air temperature is reduced by 0.006 ℃ when the altitude rises by 1 meter. Therefore, the surface temperature correction formula is designed as follows:
DWJZ＝WDCZ+(-1*QXDGC*0.006)，
in an Arcmap grid calculator, calculating by using the correction formula to obtain a ground surface temperature space simulation correction result DWJZ, wherein WDCZ is a ground surface temperature space weighted interpolation result; and 5, QXDGC is used for comparing and judging the height difference between the DEM data pixel altitude in the Thiessen polygon of the meteorological monitoring station and the altitude of the meteorological monitoring station in the step 5, and 0.006 is a correction coefficient (the correction coefficient is that the temperature is reduced by 0.6 ℃ according to the altitude of 100 meters every time, the temperature is reduced by 1 meter, and the temperature is reduced by 0.006 ℃).
And 7, further correcting by adopting the range data of the urban built-up area:
the process of performing secondary correction on the surface temperature space simulation correction result obtained in the step 6 is as follows:
and (4) loading the range data (vector format) of the built-up area of the city and the correction result, namely the DWJZ layer, obtained in the step (6) in the Arcmap, and cutting the DWJZ layer by using an Extract by mask tool and taking the range of the built-up area of the city as a mask to obtain two DWJZ layers of new image layers In built-up areas of cities 、DWJZ Outside the built-up area of the city ；
According to the formula UHI = T Urban area -T Suburb Calculating the intensity UHI of the urban heat island by statistics, wherein the UHI is the intensity of the urban heat island, T Urban area For the average temperature, T, in built-up areas of a city Suburb The radius of the buffer area is 10km, which is the average temperature of the peripheral buffer area of the urban built-up area. T is a unit of Urban area And T Suburb According to DWJZ data, the range of the urban built-up area and the range of the peripheral buffer area of the built-up area, counting in Arcmap;
when the meteorological monitoring station is positioned in the range of the urban built-up area, DWJZ is carried out according to the formula Outside the built-up area of the city UHI, when the weather monitoring station is outside the area of the built-up city area, according to DWJZ In built-up areas of cities + UHI for calculation;
and splicing the two calculated result data by using a 'Mosaic to new raster' tool to generate a final result, namely the DWJZJG.
Step 8, drawing the result: drawing a ground surface temperature space simulation correction result by using the secondary correction result, adjusting the image layer space to a proper size, and matching a scale, a compass and a legend; and setting the image resolution to 300dpj by using an Export map tool, and outputting a surface temperature space simulation correction result graph.
On the basis of temperature data of a meteorological monitoring station, a terrain elevation and an urban heat island are used as variables by using a spatial interpolation algorithm, a spatial interpolation result is corrected twice by using DEM data and urban built-up area range data, and finally, earth surface temperature spatial simulation is carried out to obtain an earth surface temperature spatial simulation correction result graph; compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention effectively solves the problem of surface temperature space simulation in areas with complex terrain and much cloud and fog weather, and is wider in application range.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A ground surface temperature space simulation correction method based on a DEM and an urban heat island is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing data materials, wherein the data materials comprise weather monitoring station data, DEM data and city built-up area range data;
step 2, carrying out spatialization processing on the data of the meteorological monitoring station;
step 3, performing earth surface temperature space weighted interpolation calculation on the spatialized meteorological monitoring station data to obtain an earth surface temperature space weighted interpolation result;
step 4, generating a Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station by using the spatialized weather monitoring station data;
step 5, comparing and judging the DEM pixel altitude and the meteorological monitoring station altitude in the meteorological monitoring station Thiessen polygon based on the meteorological monitoring station data, the DEM data and the meteorological monitoring station Thiessen polygon after the spatialization processing;
step 6, performing surface temperature space simulation correction calculation based on the comparison and judgment result of the step 5;
step 7, carrying out secondary correction on the ground surface temperature space simulation correction result obtained in the step 6 by adopting the range data of the urban built-up area;
the process of performing secondary correction on the correction result obtained in step 6 is as follows:
and (3) loading the range data of the built-up area of the city and the correction result obtained in the step (6), namely the DWJZ image layer in the Arcmap, and cutting the DWJZ image layer by using the built-up area of the city as a mask by using an Extract by mask tool to obtain two new image layers DWJZ In built-up areas of cities 、DWJZ Outside the built-up area of the city ；
Calculating the intensity UHI of the urban heat island;
when the meteorological monitoring station is positioned in the range of the urban built-up area, DWJZ is carried out according to the formula Outside the built-up area of the city UHI, when the weather monitoring station is outside the area of the built-up city area, according to DWJZ In built-up areas of cities + the UHI is calculated for each of the samples,
splicing the two calculated result data by using a 'Mosaic to new reader' tool to generate a secondary correction result layer DWJZJG;
and 8, drawing by using the secondary correction result obtained in the step 7, and outputting a surface temperature space simulation correction result graph.
2. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the meteorological monitoring station data is in an Excel format and comprises air temperature and longitude and latitude coordinate attributes, and data space reference information is unified into a 2000 national geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation standard.
3. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 2, wherein: the step 2 of performing spatialization processing on the data of the meteorological monitoring station comprises the following steps:
carrying out spatialization processing in an Arcgis platform by utilizing longitude and latitude coordinates in the data of the weather monitoring station, and inheriting related attribute information to obtain a vector layer QXD of the weather monitoring station;
a field 'altitude' is newly added in a QXD layer and named as HBGD, so that the altitude of a monitoring station is recorded;
and simultaneously loading DEM data and a QXD layer in the Arcmap, inquiring the altitude of each weather monitoring station and recording the altitude into an HBGD field.
4. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the calculation mode of the earth surface temperature space weighting interpolation result in the step 3 is as follows:
according to the formula
Calculating an estimate Z of a surface temperature spatial weighted interpolation 0 Wherein D is i Is a distance; p is a distance D i Power of z i Attribute values for the ith (i =1,2,3 \8230; n) sample;
according to the surface temperature estimated value Z of all meteorological monitoring stations 0 And obtaining a surface temperature space weighting interpolation result.
5. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the generation process of the Thiessen polygon of the image monitoring station in the step 4 is as follows:
performing Delaunay triangulation on all weather monitoring stations;
calculating the centers of circumscribed circles of all triangles;
connecting the centers of the circumscribed circles of the adjacent triangles;
and deleting the original triangular network to obtain a Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station.
6. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5, comparing and judging the DEM pixel altitude in the Thiessen polygon of the meteorological monitoring station with the altitude of the meteorological monitoring station as follows:
adding vector graph layer data of a meteorological monitoring site, thiessen polygons of the meteorological monitoring site and DEM data into the Arcmap;
the method comprises the steps that a Spatialjoin tool is used for associating an altitude attribute in vector graph layer data of a weather monitoring station to a weather monitoring station Thiessen polygon, a Feature to Raster tool is used for converting the weather monitoring station Thiessen polygon into grid format data, the altitude attribute is reserved, and a new graph layer QXTX _ Raster is produced;
and calculating the height difference between the pixel altitude and the meteorological monitoring station altitude in the DEM data by using a DEM-QXTX _ raster formula in a grid calculator to generate a meteorological point height difference map layer QXDGC.
7. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 6, the steps of the surface temperature space simulation correction calculation are as follows:
calculating and obtaining a surface temperature space simulation correction result DWJZ according to a correction formula DWJZ = WDCZ + (-1 QXDGC x 0.006), wherein WDCZ is a surface temperature space weighted interpolation result; and 5, QXDGC is used for comparing and judging the height difference between the elevation of the DEM data pixel in the Thiessen polygon of the weather monitoring station and the elevation of the weather monitoring station in the step 5.
8. The DEM and urban heat island-based surface temperature spatial simulation correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process of obtaining the 'surface temperature space simulation correction result graph' in the step 8 is as follows:
acquiring a secondary correction result of the step 7;
drawing a ground surface temperature space simulation correction result by using the secondary correction result, adjusting the stratum space to a proper size, and matching a scale, a compass and a legend;
and setting the image resolution to 300dpj by using an Export map tool, and outputting a surface temperature space simulation correction result graph.
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