CN115480395A - Wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system - Google Patents
Wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system comprises an aspheric correction lens group, a main reflector, a field lens group and a detector; the aspheric correction mirror group receives external light beams, performs phase coding on the external light beams, sends the phase coded external light beams to the main reflector, and performs pre-correction on aberration caused by reflection of the main reflector; the main reflecting mirror receives and reflects the light beams transmitted by the aspheric surface correcting mirror, the reflected light enters the field lens to be converged and then is imaged on the detector, and meanwhile, the field lens is also used for correcting the field curvature of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system which can realize super-large-scale pixel imaging and belongs to the field of optical design and technology.
Background
The imaging detector is a key core device of the space optical remote sensing camera, and the pixel size, the pixel density and the like of the detector are key indexes influencing the camera capability. A traditional satellite-borne high-resolution imaging remote sensor generally adopts a detector with a pixel more than 3 mu m, and the maximum pixel scale is ten million pixels. In recent years, with the development of semiconductor technology and imaging detector technology, the size of a pixel breaks through 1um, and the scale of the pixel breaks through billions, even possibly billions. The micron pixel detector oriented to the super-large scale pixel needs to develop a large-view-field high-frequency imaging optical system design, solves the bottleneck of contradiction between the space bandwidth product and the system complexity of the traditional optical system, and solves the optical high sensitivity caused by introducing an ultra-small pixel device into the imaging system so as to meet the performance of the detector and the aerospace application requirements.
According to the performance of the detector and the application requirement of the long focal length of the space camera, the focal length of the system is required to be more than hundreds of millimeters, the f # is less than 1.7, and the static field of view is more than 5 degrees multiplied by 5 degrees. Such small focal length to aperture ratios are prone to introduce large aperture aberrations, while requiring imaging levels close to the diffraction limit at very high nyquist frequencies (up to 700 line pairs/mm) over a large field of view. In addition, the pixel scale is from ten million levels to even billion levels, the field range of imaging design is increased greatly, and great astigmatism and field curvature aberration correction difficulty is brought to system design. The optical system works in a visible wave band, belongs to a high-resolution optical system with a small F # and a large visual field, gives consideration to the characteristics of the large visual field of the traditional photographic lens and the high resolution of the microscope lens, and provides a new challenge for the traditional optical design. The traditional visible light remote sensing camera is large in size, more than 3um, and basically has a corresponding focal length-to-aperture ratio of more than 5, and a coaxial RC structure, an RC plus correcting mirror structure, a coaxial TMA structure or an off-axis TMA structure is usually adopted. However, when the focal length-to-aperture ratio is required to be less than 2, the above four methods are difficult to achieve. In addition, the large-view-field and high-resolution imaging system applied to the field of ground monitoring and security protection, such as a fisheye lens, multi-lens splicing, a catadioptric panoramic camera, a concentric ball lens multi-scale imaging system, a compound eye system structure and the like, is not suitable for the space camera due to the short focal length (dozens of mm), small caliber, large distortion, medium resolution and the like. Therefore, the optical system provides new challenges for optical design and engineering realization, and a new structural design needs to be developed to meet the design requirements of the wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system of the super-large-scale pixel.
The coaxial three-mirror structure in the prior art is used for quickly searching a space micro target, a primary mirror adopts a concave paraboloid structure, a secondary mirror is a high-order convex aspheric surface, and a third mirror is a concave high-order aspheric surface. The optical axes of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the third mirror are overlapped to form a coaxial three-reflection optical system. The focal length-to-aperture ratio of the optical system thus constructed was 1.66, but the field of view was designed to be only 3 °.
The traditional Schmitt structure can be designed with a large view field, but has strict requirements on processing, installation and adjustment, focusing and temperature control, high engineering development cost and can not be directly applied to the design of a long-focus system with super-large-scale submicron pixels. In addition, although the off-axis free-form surface optical system can realize higher image quality, the off-axis free-form surface optical system has larger volume which is about 3 multiplied by 1 multiplied by 1.8m3, and two free-form surfaces with more than 1 meter of caliber, thereby having great processing difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of large relative aperture, small imaging field of view, tight assembly and adjustment tolerance, large volume and the like of the traditional optical system design structure in the prior art, and the application requirements of ultra-small relative aperture, namely F # less than 2, billion-level ultra-large pixel scale and strong engineering realizability, the wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system is provided, the transfer function of the optical system in a large field of view is basically kept unchanged by utilizing the phase wavefront coding technology, and the tolerance of the ultra-small F # and large field of view optical system can be effectively reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system comprises an aspheric correction lens group, a main reflector, a field lens group and a detector; the aspheric correction lens group receives external light beams, performs phase coding, sends the phase coded external light beams to the main reflector, and performs pre-correction on aberration caused by reflection of the main reflector; the main reflecting mirror receives and reflects the light beams transmitted by the aspheric surface correcting mirror, the reflected light enters the field lens to be converged and then is imaged on the detector, and meanwhile, the field lens is also used for correcting the field curvature of the system.
The aspheric correction lens group comprises a plurality of aspheric correction lenses.
Each aspheric correcting lens is a biconvex lens or a plano-convex lens.
One surface or two surfaces of each aspheric surface correcting mirror are high-order aspheric surfaces.
The rear surface of any aspheric correction lens in the aspheric correction lens group is directly superposed with a phase coding plate surface shape or is embedded into a phase coding plate to code and modulate the wavefront of the system.
The phase encoding plate adopts one of a cubic encoding plate, a logarithmic encoding plate and an exponential encoding plate.
The phase encoding plate is arranged at an aperture diaphragm of the system.
The main reflector is a concave mirror, the curvature radius is twice of the focal length of the system, the deviation is not more than 20% of the focal length of the system, and the caliber is not more than 600mm.
The field lens is a lens group consisting of 1-3 lenses, and the clear aperture is not more than 200mm.
The external light beam is ultraviolet light, visible light or infrared light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system provided by the invention realizes a wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system of super-large-scale pixels. The system comprises an aspheric correction lens group, a main reflector, a field lens group and a detector; the aspheric correction lens group consists of a plurality of aspheric correction lenses, one surface or two surfaces of each aspheric correction lens are high-order aspheric surfaces, and the calibers of the aspheric correction lenses are not more than 450mm; a phase coding plate is directly arranged on the rear surface of any aspheric correction lens in the aspheric correction lens group to code and modulate the wavefront of the system, and the wavefront coding technology is utilized to reduce the tolerance sensitivity of the system and improve the realizability of the system engineering; meanwhile, the flat field design of the image plane is realized by means of the optical fiber cone. The system has the advantages of large imaging field of view, high resolution and high height, and is simple and compact in structure and easy for engineering realization.
(2) The invention provides a collaborative design method of an optical structure geometric optical design and a phase coding version, which realizes collaborative optimization of the geometric optical structure, phase coding and image restoration, and designs a phase coding structure and a corresponding tolerance item in a targeted manner.
(3) The design structure and the design method have universality and are suitable for ultraviolet, visible or infrared optical systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light normal incidence Schmitt correction plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention of the geometric-optical design and the phase-encoded version;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system for very large scale pixels according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system, which comprises an aspheric correction lens group (containing phase codes), a main reflector, a field lens group and a detector, wherein the main reflector is arranged on the aspheric correction lens group;
the aspheric correction lenses are arranged on an incident light path in parallel; the aspheric surface correcting mirror receives an external light beam and performs pre-correction on aberration caused by reflection of the main reflecting mirror; meanwhile, a phase coding plate is directly superposed on the rear surface of the aspheric surface correcting mirror or is arranged behind the correcting plate, and the wavefront of the system is coded and modulated to reduce the tolerance of the system. The specific arrangement and design of the code plate are iteratively designed according to the characteristics of the system and tolerance terms of wide tolerance, and the design method is described in detail later.
The aspheric correction lens group consists of one or more aspheric correction lenses, and the aspheric correction lenses are biconvex lenses or plano-convex lenses. One side or two sides of the single aspheric correction mirror are high-order aspheric surfaces, and the caliber is not more than 450mm.
The aperture diaphragm of the system is positioned at the last surface of the aspheric correction lens group, and the phase encoding plate can be directly superposed on the surface or the phase encoding plate is arranged at the aperture diaphragm.
The phase encoding plate can be one of a cubic encoding plate, a logarithmic encoding plate, an exponential encoding plate and the like. The cubic coding plate is selected here, and the coding form is z = a · (x) 3 +y 3 )。
The main reflector is a concave mirror, the curvature center of the main reflector is positioned in front of and behind the aspheric correction mirror, the curvature radius is twice of the focal length of the system, the deviation does not exceed 20% of the focal length of the system, and the caliber is not more than 600mm. The main reflecting mirror receives and reflects the light beams transmitted by the aspheric surface correcting mirror, and the reflected light enters the field lens to be converged;
the field lens is a lens group consisting of 1-3 lenses, the clear aperture is not more than 200mm, the convergent light beam of the main reflector is received, and the field curvature of the system is corrected;
the detector is arranged behind the field lens; the field lens receives the reflected light of the main reflector and focuses and images on the detector.
The external light is ultraviolet light, visible light or infrared light.
A specific embodiment is given here by way of example of a billion pixel camera that achieves a focal length of 700mm and an entrance pupil diameter of 480 mm. The specific steps in this example include the following:
the basic parameters of the examples are listed in Table 1, and the optical structure is shown in FIG. 1. The optical system is an optical system with a large aperture and a small F #. According to the focal length of the system being 700mm, the curvature radius of the spherical reflector is set to be 1400mm, and the curvature radius of the top point of the Schmidt correction plate is set to be infinite. For a spherical reflector with an entrance pupil diameter of 480mm and a vertex curvature radius of 1400mm, on the basis of an aberration balance principle, on the basis of a normal incidence Schmidt correction plate theory, a Schmidt correction plate equation is deduced, aspheric coefficients are respectively solved, the aspheric coefficients are used as initial structural parameters and substituted into CODE V software for optimization, meanwhile, an image surface is designed to be variable in curvature for optimization, and finally, a design result meeting index requirements is obtained.
TABLE 1 basic optical Properties
| Parameter(s) | Design results |
| Spectral band/um | 0.4～0.7 |
| Focal length/mm | 700 |
| Caliber/mm | 480 |
| F# | 1.45 |
| Angle of view/° | 6°×6° |
| Image surface size/mm | 73.3×73.3 |
| Image plane curvature/mm | Convexity 1000.24 |
| Optical outer envelope dimension/mm | 650×1609 |
A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system is shown in figure 1 and comprises aspheric correction lenses, a diaphragm, a main reflecting mirror, a first field lens, a second field lens and a detector, wherein the aspheric correction lenses are arranged on an incident light path in parallel; the aspheric surface correcting mirror receives an external light beam and pre-corrects aberration caused when the main reflecting mirror reflects the external light beam; meanwhile, a phase coding plate is directly superposed on the rear surface of the aspheric correction lens to code and modulate the wavefront of the system so as to reduce the tolerance of the system. The aperture stop of the system is located near the rear surface of the aspherical corrector set. The main reflecting mirror receives and reflects the light beams transmitted by the aspheric surface correcting mirror, and the reflected light enters the field lens to be converged; the field lens is a group of lenses and is used for receiving the convergent light beam of the main reflector and correcting the field curvature of the system; the detector is arranged behind the field lens; the field lens receives the reflected light of the main reflector and converges and images on the detector. The aspheric correction plate was made of 7980 fused silica manufactured by corning corporation.
The device comprises an aspheric surface correcting lens, a diaphragm, a main reflecting mirror, a first field lens, a second field lens and a detector. Specific structural parameters are shown in table 2 below. Wherein the column of "radius of curvature" in the table indicates the radius of curvature of each surface, a negative value indicates that the center of curvature of the surface is located to the left of the vertex, whereas a non-negative sign before the radius of curvature indicates that the center of curvature is located to the right of the vertex; the column "space/thickness" gives the center thickness or space separation distance of the lens; the column "material" indicates the glass material name of the optical lens. The specific parameters of the lens in the table can be fine-tuned to meet different system parameter requirements in actual operation. The aperture stop is located on the rear surface of the aspherical corrector mirror.
Table 2 optical construction parameters of the examples
In addition, the aspheric correction mirror and the main reflecting mirror are high-order aspheric surfaces, and aspheric parameters are shown in the following table:
| CURV | K | A | B | C | D | |
| A(1) | 1.68 |
0 | 1.03E-09 | 1.17E-15 | 7.49E-21 | -1.03E-26 |
| A(2) | 1.75 |
0 | 1.45E-09 | 2.40E-15 | 1.35E-20 | 0.00E+00 |
| A(3) | -7.10E-04 | 0 | -9.21E-12 | -2.48E-17 | -5.17E-23 | 0.00E+00 |
| A(4) | 6.49 |
0 | 3.60E-09 | 0.00E+00 | 0.00E+00 | 0.00E+00 |
| A(5) | -1.60E-03 | 0 | -4.39E-09 | -7.93E-14 | -1.35E-18 | 0.00E+00 |
the aspheric equation used by each aspheric surface in the above table is shown in the following formula:
wherein c represents curvature, which is the reciprocal of curvature radius, namely 1/R; k denotes a quadratic aspherical coefficient, a denotes a quartic aspherical coefficient, B denotes a sextic aspherical coefficient, C denotes an eighth aspherical coefficient, and D denotes a tenth aspherical coefficient; z represents the rise of the vector and h represents the distance from a point on the surface to the central axis of symmetry.
The structural parameters of the two tables realize that the working spectrum section is 0.4-0.70 μm, the entrance pupil aperture is 480mm, the field angle is 6 degrees x6 degrees, and the system envelope is only 650 x 1609mm 3 The image quality reaches the performance of ultrahigh spatial resolution, and the pixel scale breaks through billions. The system has strong engineering manufacturability, and ensures the performance after integration under the high spatial resolution. The optical Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is a direct evaluation for determining the resolution and depth of focus of an objective lens, and the system MTF is basically close toAt the diffraction limit, MTF is 0.2, the system resolution reaches 714lp/mm. In addition, compared with the traditional optical system, the MTF of the system is improved from the conventional 0.4 to 0.8 when the system limit resolution is improved from dozens of line pairs to seven hundred line pairs, and the system has low spatial resolution such as 71.4lp/mm (corresponding to the Nyquist frequency of a 7um pixel detector).
In view of realizing such a large field of view and high-resolution imaging system, the requirements on processing, adjustment, focusing and temperature control are strict, the engineering development cost is high, and the method cannot be directly applied to the design of a long-focus system with billions of submicron pixels. Furthermore, the invention provides that the wavefront coding technology is combined with the optical system, and the phase coding plate is added at the position of the diaphragm in the optical system, so that the tolerance of the optical system is effectively reduced. The specific working principle of the wave front coding technology is that a special phase mask plate is inserted into an aperture diaphragm or an exit pupil position, and a specific phase distribution is added to a pupil function, so that an Optical Transfer Function (OTF) or a Point Spread Function (PSF) is unchanged or insensitive to object distance change in a larger focal depth range, a fuzzy intermediate image with extremely small difference is formed on a detector, and the intermediate image is decoded by a subsequent digital filtering means to be restored into a clear final image. The solution proposed by the invention is that a cubic coding plate is added at the diaphragm of the optical system, and the coding form is as follows:
z＝a·(x 3 +y 3 ) (1-1)
wherein (x, y) is a position in rectangular coordinates; α is the cubic code plate coefficient. The invention establishes a collaborative design method of optical structure geometric optical design and phase encoding version, as shown in figure 2. Firstly, initial structure model selection and system modeling are carried out according to optical index analysis, traditional geometric optical design is carried out, so that the image quality of a system meets the conventional design requirement, tolerance sensitivity analysis is further carried out, and the main tolerance item of wide tolerance is determined according to the tolerance sensitivity and engineering feasibility; according to the self aberration sensitivity characteristic of the optical system, phase coding design is carried out, a phase plate shape function and parameters are used as optimization variables, the consistency of a full-field point spread function and the wide-tolerance aberration size are selected as evaluation functions, constraint conditions of the imaging performance of the optical system are considered, and a specific phase coding version is designed; bringing the phase encoding version into an optical system model to perform multi-round iterative optimization design to complete the design of the phase encoding version; and finally, importing the 2DMTF or the point spread function representing the imaging performance of the whole optical system into a graph recovery optimization model, considering detector parameters, selecting a proper calculation degradation function and decoding, and realizing optimal image recovery.
Finally, introducing a phase encoding plate to carry out wide tolerance design, finally, directly superposing encoding plate coefficients on the rear surface of the aspheric correction plate through balance, and determining the surface shape of the phase plate as z =1 × 10 according to the transfer function consistency and the minimum transfer function requirement required by digital image processing -10 ·(x 3 +y 3 ) The profile of the phase encoding is shown in fig. 3. The average transfer function is 0.143@714lp/mm, and finally the transfer function is improved to be over 0.20 through the image recovery optimization design system.
The theoretical calculation focal depth before coding is +/-2F 2 λ = ± 0.002 to ± 0.004mm (λ =0.4 to 0.7 μm), and the mean value of the transmission function of the whole visual field is 0.12 or more. And after coding, before the system is coded, the focal depth change rate of the transfer function is slowed down, and the focal depth is expanded to about +/-0.08 mm. Meanwhile, the system processing and adjusting tolerance is relaxed, the finishing error tolerance is reduced by more than 2.5 times compared with the system before coding, and the tolerance sensitivity of the system is greatly reduced.
In addition, the image plane of the optical system is a convex curved surface, and a curved surface detector or a flat field design of an optical fiber light cone can be directly selected, so that the problem of how to transmit the image plane on the spherical surface to a planar image sensor is solved. This requires the use of an optical fiber image transmitting element, i.e., a fiber optic light cone. The optical fiber light cone is a high-resolution image transfer element formed by a plurality of optical fibers arranged in parallel through fusion pressing, and can realize one-to-one image transfer. At present, the minimum core diameter of an optical fiber panel can reach 2.51um, and the optical fiber image transmission element transmits an image at an input end to an output end, and if the cross section sizes of the input end and the output end are not consistent, the optical fiber image transmission element is called an optical fiber light cone; if the input and output ends are of uniform cross-sectional dimensions, they are referred to as fiber optic faceplates. The image transmission device can realize the amplification transmission or the reduction transmission of the image, which depends on the selection mode of the input end and the output end when the image transmission is carried out. If the small end is selected as the input end and the large end is selected as the output end, the amplification transmission of the image can be realized; on the contrary, the large end is selected as the input end, and the small end is selected as the output end, so that the reduction transmission of the image can be realized. The ratio of the fiber taper to image magnification/reduction is determined by the ratio of the input end to output end cross-sectional dimensions. In the design, the image does not need to be amplified or reduced, curved surface processing needs to be carried out on the optical fiber panel to fit the curved surface imaging in the optical design, and the curved surface image is transmitted to the plane end at the other end through the optical fiber optical cone, so that the image on the spherical surface image surface is transmitted to the receiving surface of the image sensor.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system, comprising: comprises an aspheric correction lens group, a main reflector, a field lens group and a detector; after receiving external light beams, the aspheric correction lens group carries out phase coding through a phase coding plate arranged behind the aspheric correction lens group and then sends the phase coded signals to the main reflector, and meanwhile, the aspheric correction lens group carries out pre-correction on aberration caused by reflection of the main reflector; the main reflecting mirror receives and reflects the light beams transmitted by the aspheric surface correcting mirror, the reflected light enters the field lens to be converged and then is imaged on the detector, and meanwhile, the field lens is also used for correcting the field curvature of the system.
2. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the aspheric correction lens group comprises a plurality of aspheric correction lenses.
3. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 2, wherein: each aspheric surface correcting lens is a biconvex lens or a plano-convex lens.
4. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 2, wherein: one surface or two surfaces of each aspheric surface correcting mirror are high-order aspheric surfaces.
5. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 2, wherein: the surface shape of a phase coding plate is directly superposed on the rear surface of any aspheric correction lens in the aspheric correction lens group or a phase coding plate is arranged in the aspheric correction lens group to code and modulate the wavefront of the system.
6. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 6, wherein: the phase encoding plate adopts a cubic encoding plate or a logarithmic encoding plate or an exponential encoding plate.
7. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 6, wherein: the phase coding plate is arranged at an aperture diaphragm of the system, and the coding form is as follows:
z＝a·(x 3 +y 3 )
wherein (x, y) is a position represented by rectangular coordinates; α is the cubic code plate coefficient.
8. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the main reflector is a concave mirror, the curvature radius is twice of the focal length of the system, the deviation is not more than 20% of the focal length of the system, and the caliber is not more than 600mm.
9. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the field lens is a lens group consisting of 1-3 lenses, and the light transmission aperture is not more than 200mm.
10. A wide-tolerance high-resolution optical system according to claim 1, wherein: the external light beam is ultraviolet light, visible light or infrared light.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116990949A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field optical system for full-time-domain detection |
| CN117666094A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field telescope optical structure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116990949A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field optical system for full-time-domain detection |
| CN117666094A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field telescope optical structure |
| CN117666094B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field telescope optical structure |
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