CN115465851A - Synergistic application method for conditioning red soil by modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer - Google Patents
Synergistic application method for conditioning red soil by modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115465851A CN115465851A CN202210618239.XA CN202210618239A CN115465851A CN 115465851 A CN115465851 A CN 115465851A CN 202210618239 A CN202210618239 A CN 202210618239A CN 115465851 A CN115465851 A CN 115465851A
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
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- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and restoration, and relates to a synergistic application method of modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer for conditioning red soil. After modification, the modified soil conditioner has the effects of improving the nitrogen content, stabilizing heavy metals, adjusting soil aggregates and the like. Further, aiming at the problems of high background value of heavy metals in red soil, imbalance of proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, insufficient soil fertility and the like, the invention constructs a synergistic application method of the modified biomass carbon, the humus and the chemical fertilizer based on the chitosan modified biomass carbon, and achieves the purposes of stabilizing the heavy metals, adjusting the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, increasing the soil fertility and improving the crop yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement and restoration, in particular to a synergistic application method for conditioning red soil by modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer.
Background
The red soil is mainly used in provincial soils of Jiangxi, hunan, hubei and the like in China, and the problems of serious acidification (pH is less than 6), high heavy metal content, low organic matter content of the soil (less than 20 g/kg), serious loss of nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus and the like exist, so that the red soil becomes one of important factors for limiting the high-efficiency production and sustainable development of agriculture in China. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for conditioning the red soil.
The addition of soil conditioners is considered to be a technical method for effectively improving the soil quality. The soil conditioner is a compound with the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil improvement, and mainly comprises lime, minerals, industrial byproducts, organic materials and the like. Researches show that the soil conditioner has the functions of adjusting the pH value of soil, reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, stabilizing heavy metals in the soil, enhancing the biological activity of the soil, improving the effectiveness of nutrients, optimizing the microbial population structure and the like. The biomass carbon has the advantages of large specific surface area, rich surface functional groups, wide sources, low cost and the like, and is widely used for improving acid soil, saline-alkali soil and soil polluted by heavy metals and organic matters. The biomass carbon has obvious advantages in the aspects of nitrogen control, heavy metal stability and the like, but the organic matter content of the soil cannot be rapidly improved.
Those skilled in the art would like to further improve the properties of biomass carbon and develop new soil conditioners to achieve the technical effects of improving nitrogen and phosphorus contents, stabilizing heavy metals and increasing organic matter content.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synergistic application method for conditioning red soil by using modified biomass carbon/humus/chemical fertilizer, which can stabilize heavy metals, control nitrogen and release phosphorus, improve the fertility of the red soil and reduce the application amount of the chemical fertilizer in the red soil improvement process.
To this end, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a chitosan-modified biomass carbon, and a method for preparing the chitosan-modified biomass carbon includes:
s1: providing a biomass carbon source, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification under the condition of inert atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere to prepare biomass carbon;
s2: soaking the biomass carbon in an alkali solution, and drying to obtain alkali modified biomass carbon;
s3: adding chitosan, the alkali modified biomass carbon and pentanediol into an acetic acid solution, carrying out a crosslinking reaction, then adjusting the pH to 9.5-10.5, standing to prepare a reactant, rinsing the reactant with acetic acid and water, and then drying to obtain the chitosan modified biomass carbon.
Further, in step S1, the method for preparing the biomass carbon source comprises: uniformly mixing 30-45 parts of corn straw, 15-30 parts of rice hull, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 15-45 parts of fermentation waste residue and 10-15 parts of biogas residue according to parts by weight to obtain a raw material of biomass carbon; and soaking the raw material of the biomass carbon in water for 1-3 h, and then sequentially filtering and drying to obtain the biomass carbon source.
Further, the filtration was performed using a 0.22 μm filter paper.
Further, the drying temperature is 55 to 65 ℃, for example, 55 ℃,60 ℃, 65 ℃ and the like.
In one embodiment, the biomass carbon comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of rice hull, 25 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of fermentation waste residues and 15 parts of biogas residues.
Further, in step S1, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification is 400 to 900 ℃, for example, 400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, etc.; the heating rate is 1 to 5 ℃/min, for example, 1 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min.
Further, in step S1, the time of the pyrolysis gasification is 1 to 5 hours, for example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and the like.
Further, in step S2, the alkali solution is selected from one or a combination of two of sodium hydroxide and a hydroxide solution.
Further, the concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5 to 2.5M, for example, 0.5M, 1M, 1.5M, 2M, 2.5M, etc.
Further, in step S2, the soaking process further includes the following steps: and (4) stirring.
Further, in step S2, the soaking time is 1 to 3 hours, for example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and the like.
Further, in step S2, the temperature of the drying is 55 to 65 ℃, for example, 55 ℃,60 ℃, 65 ℃, etc.
Further, in step S3, the concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1% to 4%, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or the like.
Further, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the alkali-modified biomass carbon to the pentanediol is 1-2; preferably 1.
Further, the ratio of the sum of the masses of the chitosan, the alkali-modified biomass carbon and the pentanediol to the volume of the acetic acid solution is 15g/100 mL-20 g/100mL.
Further, in step S3, the time for the cross-linking is 0.5 to 1.5 hours, for example, 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, and the like.
Further, in step S3, the standing time is 20 to 30 hours, for example, 20 hours, 24 hours, 28 hours, 30 hours, and the like.
Further, in step S3, the drying temperature is 75 to 85 ℃, for example, 75 ℃,80 ℃,85 ℃ and the like.
The invention provides a composite soil conditioner, which comprises the chitosan modified biomass carbon, humus and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
Further, the humus is a domestic waste compost product.
Further, the weight ratio of the chitosan modified biomass carbon to the humus is 1-5; preferably 3.
Further, the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the chitosan modified biomass carbon and the mass of the humus to the mass of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 1-9; preferably 4.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of soil conditioning comprising applying to the soil to be conditioned the composite soil conditioner of the second aspect of the invention.
Further, the dosage of the composite soil conditioner is 0.5-5.0 wt% of the soil to be conditioned; e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 4%, etc.
Further, the application depth of the composite soil conditioner is 0-10 cm of the surface layer of the soil to be conditioned.
The invention firstly modifies the traditional biomass carbon, thereby strengthening the functions of nitrogen control and heavy metal stabilization. On the basis, humus and a chemical fertilizer are introduced to make up for the deficiency of biomass carbon in organic matter regulation. By the combined application of the three components, the effects of stabilizing heavy metals, controlling nitrogen and releasing phosphorus, improving the fertility of the red soil, reducing the application amount of the fertilizer and the like in the red soil improvement process are effectively improved, and the red soil improving agent has good market application potential.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: the composite soil conditioner consists of three parts of modified biomass carbon, humus and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary composite fertilizer. The chitosan modified biomass carbon has rich energy-hanging groups and pore channel structures on the surface, has excellent adsorption and complexing effects on heavy metals and nitrogen in soil, improves soil aggregate particles and optimizes the micro-environment for the survival of microorganisms; humus is widely distributed in soil, has a polymer net structure, and has the effects of activating phosphate fertilizer, complexing heavy metal and improving the content of organic matters in soil; the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer has the functions of improving the available nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the fertilizer of soil. Aiming at the red soil pollution characteristics, the modified biomass carbon, the humus and the chemical fertilizer are organically combined, the proportion of the modified biomass carbon, the humus and the chemical fertilizer is adjusted, the application method is optimized, the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the restoration of the heavy metal polluted red soil and the improvement of the red soil quality are realized.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following progress:
(1) According to the invention, through modification, the chitosan modified biomass carbon forms a rich pore channel structure, chitosan particles appear on the surface, the types of surface functional groups are increased, and the stability of the chitosan modified biomass carbon to substances such as nitrogen, heavy metals and the like is further improved. The biomass carbon and chitosan modified material used in the invention has wide sources, simple preparation method and low cost, is suitable for large-scale production, and does not cause secondary pollution to the soil environment.
(2) The invention provides a composite soil conditioner, wherein three components of modified biomass carbon, humus and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer are matched with each other, and the humus and the modified biomass carbon form a synergistic effect in aspects of activating a phosphate fertilizer, improving the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer, complexing and stabilizing heavy metals, enhancing the activity of microorganisms and the like. The hydrophilic components and the fulvic acid substances in the humus enhance the migration of heavy metals in the soil, the hydrophobicity and the humus substances improve the solidification level of the heavy metals in the soil, accelerate the aging and stabilization of the heavy metals, reduce the bioavailability and mobility of the heavy metals, reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution of plants and underground water in the soil, and ensure the grain safety.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an unmodified biomass carbon surface micro-topography;
FIG. 2 is a surface micro-topography of chitosan-modified biomass carbon provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is an infrared test result of chitosan-modified biomass carbon provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the plant growth of red soil to which the composite soil conditioner of the present invention is applied.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Uniformly mixing 30 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of rice hull, 25 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of fermentation waste residue and 15 parts of biogas residue, soaking the mixture for 1 hour by using deionized water, filtering the mixture, and drying the mixture at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the biomass carbon source. And putting the biomass carbon source in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification for 5h at the temperature of 800 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, so as to obtain the biomass carbon.
And soaking the biomass carbon for 1h by using a 1M sodium hydroxide solution, fully stirring, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon.
Mixing 1g of chitosan with 50mL of 2% acetic acid solution, adding 5g of sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon, adding 3g of pentanediol, and crosslinking for 1h; and then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10 by using sodium hydroxide, standing for 24h, rinsing the precipitate for 3 times by using acetic acid and deionized water, and drying at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the chitosan modified biomass carbon.
Scanning electron microscope imaging is respectively carried out on the unmodified biomass carbon source and the prepared chitosan modified biomass carbon, imaging results are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2, after modification, the chitosan modified biomass carbon forms a pore structure, chitosan particles appear on the surface, the types of surface functional groups are increased, and the successful synthesis of the chitosan modified biomass carbon is illustrated.
The unmodified biomass carbon source and the prepared chitosan modified biomass carbon were subjected to infrared testing, and the test results are shown in fig. 3.
Example 2
Uniformly mixing 45 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of rice hull, 20 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of fermentation waste residue and 12 parts of biogas residue, soaking for 2 hours by using deionized water, filtering, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain the biomass carbon source. And (3) putting the biomass carbon source in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification for 5h at 500 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, so as to obtain the biomass carbon.
And (3) soaking the biomass carbon for 1h by using a 2.5M sodium hydroxide solution, fully stirring, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon.
Mixing 2g of chitosan with 50mL of 2% acetic acid solution, adding 4g of sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon, adding 3g of pentanediol, and crosslinking for 1h; and then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10 by using sodium hydroxide, standing for 20h, rinsing the precipitate for 3 times by using acetic acid and deionized water, and drying at the temperature of 75 ℃ to obtain the chitosan modified biomass carbon.
Example 3
Uniformly mixing 35 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of rice hull, 30 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of fermentation waste residue and 10 parts of biogas residue, soaking the mixture for 3 hours by using deionized water, filtering the mixture, and drying the mixture at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the biomass carbon source. And (3) putting the biomass carbon source in a nitrogen atmosphere, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification for 1h at 900 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, so as to obtain the biomass carbon.
And soaking the biomass carbon for 3 hours by using 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution, fully stirring, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon.
Mixing 1g of chitosan with 50mL of 2% acetic acid solution, adding 6g of sodium hydroxide modified biomass carbon, adding 2g of pentanediol, and crosslinking for 1h; and then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10 by using sodium hydroxide, standing for 28h, rinsing the precipitate for 3 times by using acetic acid and deionized water, and drying at the temperature of 85 ℃ to obtain the chitosan modified biomass carbon.
Example 4
The chitosan modified biomass carbon prepared in the example 1 is taken, and is uniformly mixed with humus (domestic waste compost product) and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer to prepare the compound soil conditioner.
Preparing a composite soil conditioner with a component a: b (c) ratio, wherein a: b is the mass ratio of chitosan modified biomass carbon to humus; (c) The composite soil conditioner is characterized in that the sum of the mass of the chitosan modified biomass carbon and the mass of the humus accounts for the mass percentage of the composite soil conditioner. a. The values of b and c are shown in tables 1 to 5.
Soil sampling is carried out from the Fuzhou city river village, and the soil is used as red soil to be improved, and the quality detection results are as follows: 13.0g/kg of organic matters, 43.6mg/kg of Pb, 38.6mg/kg of Cr, 0.10mg/kg of Cd, 250mg/kg of N, 386mg/kg of P, 30453mg/kg of K, 0.70mg/kg of available phosphorus, 326mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 9.00mg/kg of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen and 6.02 of pH.
The prepared composite soil conditioner is added on the surface layer of the soil to be improved by 0-5 cm, and the dosage of the composite soil conditioner is 3.0wt% of the soil to be conditioned. Meanwhile, a control group 1 for soil conditioning only by adopting humus and a control group 2 for soil conditioning only by adopting chitosan modified biomass carbon are arranged.
After the soil conditioner is added into the red soil to be improved, soil leaching (to simulate the condition of multiple soil component loss caused by multiple raining in nature) and detection are carried out on the 7 th day, the 14 th day, the 21 st day and the 28 th day. Wherein, the nitrogen and Pb in the soil leaching solution measured on the 28 th day 2+ The detection results of the concentrations and organic matter contents of ions, available nitrogen and available phosphorus are shown in tables 1 to 5, respectively.
TABLE 1 variation of Nitrogen concentration (mg/L) in the drenching solutions of the different experimental groups
Control group 1:0.412mg/L; control group 2:0.109mg/L.
TABLE 2 Pb in leach solutions of different experimental groups 2+ Ion concentration Change (mg/L)
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(10％) | 0.336 | 1:9(20％) | 0.312 | 1:9(30％) | 0.285 |
| 2:8(10％) | 0.009 | 2:8(20％) | 0.028 | 2:8(30％) | 0.027 |
| 3:7(10％) | 0.075 | 3:7(20％) | 0.010 | 3:7(30％) | 0.013 |
| 4:6(10％) | 0.078 | 4:6(20％) | 0.125 | 4:6(30％) | 0.090 |
| 5:5(10％) | 0.097 | 5:5(20％) | 0.029 | 5:5(30％) | 0.071 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(40％) | 0.248 | 1:9(50％) | 0.072 | 1:9(60％) | 0.325 |
| 2:8(40％) | 0.015 | 2:8(50％) | 0.114 | 2:8(60％) | 0.033 |
| 3:7(40％) | 0.008 | 3:7(50％) | 0.082 | 3:7(60％) | 0.014 |
| 4:6(40％) | 0.025 | 4:6(50％) | 0.044 | 4:6(60％) | 0.122 |
| 5:5(40％) | 0.140 | 5:5(50％) | 0.093 | 5:5(60％) | 0.018 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(70％) | 0.288 | 1:9(80％) | 0.264 | 1:9(90％) | 0.252 |
| 2:8(70％) | 0.017 | 2:8(80％) | 0.031 | 2:8(90％) | 0.028 |
| 3:7(70％) | 0.051 | 3:7(80％) | 0.055 | 3:7(90％) | 0.045 |
| 4:6(70％) | 0.039 | 4:6(80％) | 0.040 | 4:6(90％) | 0.041 |
| 5:5(70％) | 0.100 | 5:5(80％) | 0.056 | 5:5(90％) | 0.068 |
Control group 1:0.384mg/L; control group 2:0.133mg/L.
TABLE 3 variation of effective nitrogen concentration (mg/g) in soil of different experimental groups
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(10％) | 342 | 1:9(20％) | 289 | 1:9(30％) | 858 |
| 2:8(10％) | 390 | 2:8(20％) | 369 | 2:8(30％) | 652 |
| 3:7(10％) | 150 | 3:7(20％) | 172 | 3:7(30％) | 769 |
| 4:6(10％) | 127 | 4:6(20％) | 271 | 4:6(30％) | 951 |
| 5:5(10％) | 339 | 5:5(20％) | 421 | 5:5(30％) | 915 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(40％) | 1024 | 1:9(50％) | 699 | 1:9(60％) | 1465 |
| 2:8(40％) | 1775 | 2:8(50％) | 936 | 2:8(60％) | 547 |
| 3:7(40％) | 1608 | 3:7(50％) | 1019 | 3:7(60％) | 706 |
| 4:6(40％) | 1149 | 4:6(50％) | 799 | 4:6(60％) | 755 |
| 5:5(40％) | 1812 | 5:5(50％) | 1042 | 5:5(60％) | 816 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(70％) | 250 | 1:9(80％) | 846 | 1:9(90％) | 741 |
| 2:8(70％) | 213 | 2:8(80％) | 1033 | 2:8(90％) | 834 |
| 3:7(70％) | 403 | 3:7(80％) | 774 | 3:7(90％) | 1240 |
| 4:6(70％) | 348 | 4:6(80％) | 812 | 4:6(90％) | 1196 |
| 5:5(70％) | 681 | 5:5(80％) | 859 | 5:5(90％) | 1080 |
Control group 1:215mg/g; control group 2:307mg/g.
TABLE 4 variation of the effective phosphorus concentration (mg/g) in the soil of different experimental groups
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(10％) | 159 | 1:9(20％) | 732 | 1:9(30％) | 158 |
| 2:8(10％) | 449 | 2:8(20％) | 257 | 2:8(30％) | 123 |
| 3:7(10％) | 632 | 3:7(20％) | 186 | 3:7(30％) | 322 |
| 4:6(10％) | 489 | 4:6(20％) | 584 | 4:6(30％) | 109 |
| 5:5(10％) | 154 | 5:5(20％) | 498 | 5:5(30％) | 254 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(40％) | 679 | 1:9(50％) | 65 | 1:9(60％) | 73 |
| 2:8(40％) | 719 | 2:8(50％) | 152 | 2:8(60％) | 193 |
| 3:7(40％) | 1136 | 3:7(50％) | 207 | 3:7(60％) | 115 |
| 4:6(40％) | 806 | 4:6(50％) | 167 | 4:6(60％) | 164 |
| 5:5(40％) | 1346 | 5:5(50％) | 95 | 5:5(60％) | 64 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(70％) | 386 | 1:9(80％) | 346 | 1:9(90％) | 924 |
| 2:8(70％) | 349 | 2:8(80％) | 279 | 2:8(90％) | 835 |
| 3:7(70％) | 800 | 3:7(80％) | 192 | 3:7(90％) | 556 |
| 4:6(70％) | 940 | 4:6(80％) | 274 | 4:6(90％) | 528 |
| 5:5(70％) | 1594 | 5:5(80％) | 107 | 5:5(90％) | 876 |
Control group 1:1324mg/g; control group 2:737mg/g.
TABLE 5 organic matter content variation (mg/g) in the soil of different experimental groups
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(10％) | 19.8 | 1:9(20％) | 12.2 | 1:9(30％) | 13.0 |
| 2:8(10％) | 22.3 | 2:8(20％) | 19.0 | 2:8(30％) | 16.0 |
| 3:7(10％) | 12.1 | 3:7(20％) | 27.9 | 3:7(30％) | 20.0 |
| 4:6(10％) | 18.9 | 4:6(20％) | 15.8 | 4:6(30％) | 16.0 |
| 5:5(10％) | 25.4 | 5:5(20％) | 20.7 | 5:5(30％) | 23.0 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(40％) | 32.1 | 1:9(50％) | 15.3 | 1:9(60％) | 15.35 |
| 2:8(40％) | 23.6 | 2:8(50％) | 12.0 | 2:8(60％) | 21.75 |
| 3:7(40％) | 33.0 | 3:7(50％) | 20.1 | 3:7(60％) | 33.95 |
| 4:6(40％) | 17.0 | 4:6(50％) | 21.8 | 4:6(60％) | 16.35 |
| 5:5(40％) | 28.0 | 5:5(50％) | 17.9 | 5:5(60％) | 19.35 |
| Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of | Group/a: b (c) | Concentration of |
| 1:9(70％) | 10.15 | 1:9(80％) | 12.7 | 1:9(90％) | 17.4 |
| 2:8(70％) | 21.95 | 2:8(80％) | 19.4 | 2:8(90％) | 28.6 |
| 3:7(70％) | 23.75 | 3:7(80％) | 22.6 | 3:7(90％) | 15.3 |
| 4:6(70％) | 27.15 | 4:6(80％) | 18.7 | 4:6(90％) | 17.8 |
| 5:5(70％) | 32.15 | 5:5(80％) | 19.9 | 5:5(90％) | 24.1 |
Control group 1:29.38mg/g; control group 2:16.09mg/g.
According to the results, after the laterite soil is conditioned by applying the composite soil conditioner provided by the invention, nitrogen (Table 1) and Pb in soil leaching solution 2+ The concentration of ions (table 2) is significantly reduced and the contents of available nitrogen (table 3), available phosphorus (table 4) and organic matter (table 5) in the soil are significantly increased. The excellent effect of conditioning the heavy metal polluted red soil by the composite soil conditioner provided by the invention is shown.
The composite soil conditioner with the a: b (c) ratio of 3 to 7 (60%) is added on the surface layer of the red soil for 0-5 cm, the plant growth vigor is observed (meanwhile, a control of the red soil which is not improved is arranged), the observation result is shown in figure 4, and according to the figure 4, compared with the red soil which is not improved, the plants planted in the improved red soil have more excellent growth vigor.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The chitosan modified biomass carbon is characterized in that the preparation method of the chitosan modified biomass carbon comprises the following steps:
s1: providing a biomass carbon source, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification under the condition of inert atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere to prepare biomass carbon;
s2: soaking the biomass carbon in an alkali solution, and drying to obtain alkali modified biomass carbon;
s3: adding chitosan, the alkali modified biomass carbon and pentanediol into an acetic acid solution, carrying out a crosslinking reaction, then adjusting the pH value to 9.5-10.5, standing to prepare a reactant, moistening and washing the reactant with acetic acid and water, and then drying to obtain the chitosan modified biomass carbon.
2. The chitosan-modified biomass carbon according to claim 1, wherein the biomass carbon source is prepared in step S1 by a method comprising: uniformly mixing 30-45 parts of corn straw, 15-30 parts of rice hull, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 15-45 parts of fermentation waste residue and 10-15 parts of biogas residue according to parts by weight to obtain a raw material of a biomass carbon source; soaking the raw material of the biomass carbon source in water for 1-3 h, and then sequentially filtering and drying to obtain the biomass carbon source.
3. The chitosan-modified biomass carbon of claim 2, wherein the filtering is performed using 0.22 μ ι η filter paper;
preferably, the drying temperature is 55-65 ℃.
4. The chitosan-modified biomass carbon according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gasification temperature in step S1 is 400 to 900 ℃; the heating rate is 1-5 ℃/min;
preferably, in step S1, the pyrolysis gasification time is 1 to 5 hours.
5. The chitosan modified biomass carbon of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the alkali solution is selected from one or a combination of two of sodium hydroxide and a hydroxide solution;
preferably, the concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5-2.5M;
preferably, in step S2, the soaking process further includes the following steps: stirring;
preferably, in the step S2, the soaking time is 1 to 3 hours;
preferably, in the step S2, the drying temperature is 55 to 65 ℃.
6. The chitosan-modified biomass carbon according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1% to 4%;
preferably, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the alkali-modified biomass carbon to the pentanediol is 1 to 2;
preferably, the ratio of the sum of the masses of the chitosan, the alkali-modified biomass carbon and the pentanediol to the volume of the acetic acid solution is 15g/100 mL-20 g/100mL;
preferably, in the step S3, the crosslinking time is 0.5-1.5 h;
preferably, in the step S3, the standing time is 20 to 30 hours;
preferably, in the step S3, the drying temperature is 75 to 85 ℃.
7. A composite soil conditioner, which is characterized by comprising the chitosan modified biomass carbon, humus and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The composite soil conditioner of claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan-modified biomass carbon to the humic substance is 1-5;
preferably, the mass ratio of the sum of the chitosan modified biomass carbon and the humus to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 1-9;
preferably, the humus is a domestic waste compost product.
9. A method of conditioning soil comprising applying the composite soil conditioner of any one of claims 7 to 8 to soil to be conditioned.
10. The soil conditioning method of claim 9, wherein the amount of the composite soil conditioner is 0.5 to 5.0wt% of the soil to be conditioned;
preferably, the application depth of the composite soil conditioner is 0-10 cm of the surface layer of the soil to be conditioned.
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