CN115464051A - Stamping structure of automobile engine guard plate and springback compensation method thereof - Google Patents
Stamping structure of automobile engine guard plate and springback compensation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115464051A CN115464051A CN202211197269.4A CN202211197269A CN115464051A CN 115464051 A CN115464051 A CN 115464051A CN 202211197269 A CN202211197269 A CN 202211197269A CN 115464051 A CN115464051 A CN 115464051A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005570 vertical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/20—Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation
- G06T17/205—Re-meshing
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
Abstract
A stamping structure of an automobile engine guard plate and a springback compensation method thereof comprise a lower die fixing seat, a lower die, a blank holder, an upper die fixing seat and an upper die; and the lower die and the upper die are respectively provided with a heating pipe and a temperature sensor. As a preferred scheme of the invention, the core on the upper die is concave, the core on the lower die is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged, so that the heated sheet metal part is stamped. In order to reduce the resilience of the sheet metal part, the sheet metal part is placed into a heating furnace for high-temperature heating before stamping, and the heating temperature is not lower than 900 ℃. Meanwhile, the lower die and the upper die of the stamping structure are preheated through the heating pipe, and the heating temperature of the lower die and the upper die is monitored through the temperature sensor. The sheet metal part is quickly stamped at a high temperature in a rotating state, so that the resilience amount generated in the stamping process is greatly reduced, and the size precision of the obtained automobile engine guard plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile part production, in particular to a stamping structure of an automobile engine guard plate and a springback compensation method thereof.
Background
The automobile engine guard board is an engine protection device designed according to different automobile models in a customized manner, and has the main function of protecting an automobile engine, so that the phenomenon that the engine is wrapped by splashed soil and dust and the like in the driving process of the automobile to cause poor heat dissipation of the engine is avoided, the phenomenon that the engine is damaged due to the fact that the engine is impacted by an uneven road surface in the driving process of the automobile is avoided, and the service life of the engine is prolonged.
The stamping forming process has more economic benefits, and has the advantages of material saving, high processing efficiency, high product lightweight degree, strong rigidity and the like, so that most automobile parts including the automobile engine guard plate are obtained by stamping through a stamping die.
However, the product piece obtained through the current stamping structure for the automobile engine guard plate has large resilience at the moment when the upper die is moved away after the stamping is completed, so that the final size precision of the product is influenced, and the subsequent shaping work needs to be carried out for multiple times, thereby greatly increasing the workload of workers and improving the production cost. In addition, the elastic deformation is related to many factors, such as thickness, flatness, hardness, etc., of the raw material, and these characteristics cause the value of the spring back to be unstable, i.e., the amount of work per shaping is not the same. In addition, after multiple stamping, the core surface of the stamped structure is worn significantly, which requires repair or replacement, which greatly increases the stamping cost.
Chinese patent No. CN202220189064.0 discloses a shaped product anti-rebound punch forming mechanism, through the vertical transmission of the upper and lower body templates, the negative angle shaping lower template and the negative angle shaping upper template are in the double transmission way of the inclined transmission, the shaping is carried out on the product with the negative angle, the direction of the inclined wedge is basically perpendicular to the body of the product, the rebound of the negative angle end of the product is effectively avoided, the stability of the product is greatly improved, the cost is reduced, the shaping efficiency is improved, and the quality of the stamping die is improved. However, compared with an automobile engine guard plate with a complex shape, the rebound driving force is generally deformed towards the original shape of a sheet metal part, and a rebound prevention structure is arranged, so that multipoint rebound prevention treatment cannot be performed on the rebound driving force.
The Chinese patent No. CN202122440658.2 discloses a stamping die with high guiding precision and low wear rate, and not only is the guiding precision high, but also the wear rate is low through arranging wear-resistant guiding components on an upper die base and a lower die base, so that the service life of the stamping die is prolonged, the die is prevented from being frequently maintained due to the wear problem, and the stamping die is convenient to use. However, the patent does not solve the problem of abrasion caused by multiple impacts of the core surface of the die and the sheet metal part when the stamping force condition is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a stamping structure of an automobile engine guard plate and a springback compensation method thereof, which solve the problems that the product percent of pass is low and subsequent workers are required to shape due to large springback quantity in the production process of the automobile engine guard plate, and solve the problems of high maintenance cost and large loss caused by the stress abrasion of a mould core surface in the stamping process.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a rebound compensation method for an automobile engine guard plate, which comprises the following working steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional model of an engine guard plate to be stamped, and performing grid division to obtain a limited number of nodes;
s2, calculating node deviation of the automobile engine guard plate stamping part before and after springback by adopting a node displacement compensation method and a stress reverse compensation method;
s3, reversely applying the node deviation to the core surfaces of the lower die (2) and the upper die (5) of the engine protection plate, and constructing corresponding compensation die surfaces;
s4, performing rebound analysis on the compensation die surface again to obtain a new node deviation;
s5), repeating the steps 2) -3) until the node deviation value is within an allowable range, and stopping iteration;
s6, correcting the die surface of the stamping die for the guard plate of the automobile engine by combining the finally obtained springback compensation die surface;
and S7, setting different technological parameter combinations by using the corrected die surface of the stamping die, carrying out simulation on the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate, and obtaining the optimal technological parameters according to the final rebound difference.
Further, the compensation formula of the rebound compensation method for the guard plate of the automobile engine is as follows:
in the formula: a is a rebound compensation die surface,
b is the die surface of a stamping die before the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
c is the die surface of the stamping die after the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
alpha is a compensation coefficient.
And analyzing the rebound quantity of the automobile engine guard plate, and when the rebound quantity exceeds the requirement, setting tools and parameters required by the rebound compensation according to the rebound compensation method, completing the construction of the 1 st rebound compensation surface, and analyzing the rebound again. And repeating the steps in such a way until the rebound value meets the requirement. And finally, the optimal values of technological parameters such as blank holder force, stamping speed, die clearance, friction coefficient and the like required by stamping of the automobile engine guard plate are obtained, so that the resilience of the automobile engine guard plate in actual production is greatly reduced, and the yield of products is improved.
Further, the stamping structure of the automobile engine protection plate comprises a lower die fixing seat, a lower die, a blank holder, an upper die fixing seat and an upper die, wherein the lower die is fixed on the lower die fixing seat, the blank holder is provided with a cavity, the blank holder is arranged on the lower die, a mold core of the lower die is embedded in the cavity of the blank holder, and the upper die is fixed on the upper die fixing seat and is positioned right above the lower die; the lower die and the upper die are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe and at least one group of temperature sensors. As a preferred scheme of the invention, the core on the upper die is concave, the core on the lower die is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged, so that the heated sheet metal part is stamped. In order to reduce the resilience of the sheet metal part, the sheet metal part is placed into a heating furnace for high-temperature heating before stamping, and the heating temperature of the sheet metal part is higher than a certain proper temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the sheet metal part. Meanwhile, the lower die and the upper die of the punching structure are preheated by the heating pipe, the heating temperature is not lower than 70 ℃, and the heating temperature is monitored by the temperature sensor.
The sheet metal component forms the austenite state under the high temperature commentaries on classics attitude, carries out quick stamping work to it simultaneously to carrying out rapid cooling after the punching press is accomplished, effectively reducing the flow stress when the sheet metal component takes shape, improving the formability of sheet material, this greatly reduced the resilience volume that the stamping forming in-process produced, thereby improved the size precision of the automobile engine guard plate who obtains.
Preferably, when the blank holder and the upper die are stamped, guide plates are mounted on the joint surfaces of the blank holder and the upper die, and the surfaces of the blank holder and the upper die are finely ground after assembly is completed, so that the position precision during installation is improved.
Preferably, the sheet metal part can be a hot-dip galvanized sheet (GI) or a hot-dip galvanized iron alloy sheet GA, and the sheet metal part has good paint adhesion and weldability, so that the quality of the finally obtained finished part of the automobile engine guard plate is greatly improved.
Further, the surfaces of the core of the lower die and the core of the upper die are both attached with wear-resistant coatings. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the arrangement of the wear-resistant coating reduces the abrasion loss of the upper die and the lower die during stamping and prolongs the service life of the stamping structure.
Further, the wear-resistant coating is a composite coating. The wear resistance of the composite coating is far superior to that of a common wear-resistant coating.
Furthermore, the wear-resistant coating comprises an inner layer mold base material, a middle layer low-pressure plasma nitriding layer and a surface layer nanocrystal multilayer structure. As a preferred scheme of the invention, a composite coating surface treatment technology combining a physical vapor deposition coating technology and a plasma nitriding technology is adopted, and a surface strengthening phase nanocrystalline grain multilayer structure is formed on the surface of the core of the upper die or the lower die, so that the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the die are effectively improved, the wear loss of the core position in the stamping process is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
Preferably, the temperature of the composite coating treatment process is about 450-500 ℃, and low-temperature treatment is adopted, so that the integral deformation of the core of the upper die or the lower die during surface treatment is small, and correction is not needed in the later period, thus greatly reducing the workload and the production cost and ensuring the assembly accuracy; in addition, after the die is used for a period of time, the die can be detached and recoated, so that the service life of the die is greatly prolonged.
Furthermore, the blank holder is provided with four groups of guide columns, and every two guide columns are arranged at two ends of the blank holder in parallel. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the guide post is matched with the guide hole on the upper die to play a role in guiding during stamping, so that the position precision of stamping is improved, and the abrasion among parts of a stamping structure in the repeated stamping process is avoided.
Furthermore, the blank holder position is equipped with spacing post, spacing post has a plurality of groups, and equidistant setting is in blank holder both sides side by side, is located the outward flange position. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the height dimension of the limiting columns is manually adjusted according to the stamping requirements, and the measuring tool is used for fine adjustment of the height dimension of the limiting columns, so that the height difference value between the limiting columns is ensured to be within an allowable range, thereby not only limiting the stamping position, but also ensuring the uniformity of the integral stamping pressure degree in the stamping process.
Furthermore, the blank holder position is provided with the locator, the locator is total two sets of, sets up respectively at the marginal position that is close to the cave on the blank holder, and two sets of locators dislocation set. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the sheet metal part grabbed by the manipulator to the lower die is positioned, so that the sheet metal part can be stably placed, and the dimensional accuracy of the punched product is improved.
Furthermore, a waste material knife is arranged at the position of the blank holder, and a plurality of groups of waste material knives are arranged on the blank holder in parallel at the edge position close to the hole. As a preferable scheme of the invention, a certain number of scrap cutters in certain shapes are arranged at specified positions according to the external dimension of a specific punched automobile engine guard plate product, and scraps are punched in the punching process.
Preferably, the waste material knife is made of 7CrSiMnMoV, the length of the waste material knife is controlled within 300mm, in addition, the ratio of the width of the cutting edge of the waste material knife to the height of the cutting edge is more than or equal to 1.2, and the height of the back support at least reaches 2/3 of the height of the cutting edge of the knife block. Thereby the intensity of the waste material sword of having guaranteed, avoid appearing the condition such as deformation among the stamping process and lead to influencing side cut size precision and side cut quality.
The technical scheme shows that the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Heating pipes are arranged in an upper die and a lower die of a stamping structure, and a sheet metal part is heated at high temperature and is stamped and formed in an austenite state, so that the flow stress of the sheet metal part during forming is effectively reduced, the resilience of the sheet metal part is reduced, and the size precision of the obtained automobile engine guard plate is improved;
2) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the automobile engine guard plate, and simulating optimal stamping process parameters according to a springback compensation formula, so that the threshold value of the springback quantity of the automobile engine guard plate is greatly reduced, the size precision of a product is improved, and a high-quality automobile engine guard plate product is obtained;
3) The positions of the cores of the upper die and the lower die are subjected to wear-resistant coating treatment, so that the abrasion loss of the dies in the stamping process is greatly reduced, the quality of the stamped automobile engine guard plate is improved, and the maintenance cost and the replacement cost of the stamping structure are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a blank holder.
In the figure: the device comprises a lower die fixing seat 1, a lower die 2, a blank holder 3, a cavity 31, a guide post 32, a limiting post 33, a positioner 34, a scrap cutter 35, a guide plate 36, an upper die fixing seat 4, an upper die 5, a heating pipe 6 and a temperature sensor 7.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional explosion diagram of the stamping structure includes a lower die fixing seat 1, a lower die 2, a blank holder 3, an upper die fixing seat 4, and an upper die 5, wherein the lower die 2 is fixed on the lower die fixing seat 1, as shown in fig. 2, the blank holder 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the blank holder 3, the blank holder 3 is provided with a cavity 31, the blank holder 3 is arranged on the lower die 2, a core of the lower die 2 is embedded in the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3, and the upper die 5 is fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 and is located right above the lower die 2; the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe 6 and at least one group of temperature sensors 7. Preferably, the core of the upper mold 5 is concave, the core of the lower mold 2 is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged; at the cave 31 inner wall of blank holder 3 and corresponding bed die 2 and cave 31 binding face, blank holder 3 and last mould 5 are in the punching press, and guide plate 36 is all installed to binding face department between them to carry out the finish grinding of surface after the equipment is accomplished and handle, thereby position accuracy when having improved the installation.
In the embodiment, the heating temperature of the sheet metal part is 950 ℃ to 980 ℃, four groups of heating pipes 6 in the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a temperature sensor 7 is arranged between the heating pipes 6 to monitor the heating temperature in real time, and the heating temperature of the upper die 5 and the heating temperature of the lower die 2 are 75 ℃ +/-5 ℃.
In this embodiment, the working method of the stamping structure is as follows: firstly, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to requirements, so that the punching position is limited; then, the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are preheated through the heating pipe 6, and the heating temperature of the lower die and the upper die is monitored by using the temperature sensor 7; after preheating is finished, the manipulator quickly places the sheet metal part in the heating furnace at the position of a mold core of the lower mold 2 and carries out position limitation through a positioner 34 on the blank holder 3; during stamping, the upper die 5 fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 moves towards the lower die 2 along the limiting column 33 to perform stamping; after a period of pressure maintaining, the upper die 5 moves upwards to a designated position, and the manipulator grabs the punched semi-finished product of the automobile engine guard plate to the next procedure.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional explosion diagram of the stamping structure includes a lower die fixing seat 1, a lower die 2, a blank holder 3, an upper die fixing seat 4, and an upper die 5, wherein the lower die 2 is fixed on the lower die fixing seat 1, as shown in fig. 2, the blank holder 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the blank holder 3, the blank holder 3 is provided with a cavity 31, the blank holder 3 is arranged on the lower die 2, a core of the lower die 2 is embedded in the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3, and the upper die 5 is fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 and is located right above the lower die 2; the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe 6 and at least one group of temperature sensors 7. Preferably, the core of the upper mold 5 is concave, the core of the lower mold 2 is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged; in the inner wall of the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3 and the corresponding binding surfaces of the lower die 2 and the cavity 31, the guide plates 36 are arranged on the binding surfaces of the blank holder 3 and the upper die 5 in the stamping process, and the surface finish grinding treatment is carried out after the assembly is finished, so that the position precision in the installation process is improved. In the embodiment, the heating temperature of the sheet metal part is 950 ℃ to 980 ℃, four groups of heating pipes 6 are arranged in the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 at equal intervals in parallel, a temperature sensor 7 is arranged between the heating pipes 6 to monitor the heating temperature in real time, and the heating temperatures of the upper die 5 and the lower die 2 are 75 ℃ +/-5 ℃.
The surfaces of the core of the lower die 2 and the core of the upper die 5 are attached with wear-resistant coatings. As the preferable scheme of the invention, the arrangement of the wear-resistant coating reduces the abrasion loss when the upper die 5 and the lower die 2 are stamped, and prolongs the service life of the stamping structure.
The wear-resistant coating is a composite coating. Compared with the common coating, the strength is higher, and the abrasion loss in the stamping process is reduced to a certain extent.
The wear-resistant coating comprises an inner layer die base material, a middle layer low-pressure plasma nitriding layer and a surface layer nanocrystal multilayer structure. As a preferred scheme of the invention, a composite coating surface treatment technology combining a physical vapor deposition coating technology and a plasma nitriding technology is adopted, and a surface strengthening phase nanocrystal multilayer structure is formed on the surface of the core of the upper die 5 or the lower die 2, so that the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the die are effectively improved, the wear loss of the core in the stamping process is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. In the embodiment, the thickness of the composite coating is 30 microns, the temperature of the treatment process is about 480 ℃, low-temperature treatment is adopted, the overall deformation of the upper die 5 or the lower die 2 is small during surface treatment, correction is not needed in the later period, the number of times of coating can be repeated by 20 times for the die, the composite coating is suitable for punching actions of more than 30 ten thousand times, and the service life and the use value of the die are greatly improved.
In the embodiment, the nano-crystalline grain multilayer structure of the surface layer sequentially comprises a stress absorption film, a stress absorption film and high-hardness film crossed film, a low-friction coefficient film and a low-pressure plasma nitriding layer of the middle layer from inside to outside, wherein the hardness of the low-pressure plasma nitriding layer is between that of the coating and the substrate, so that the coating is well supported, impact deformation is relieved, and fatigue wear resistance of the die is greatly improved; and carrying out high-temperature tempering heat treatment on the inner layer of the die base material to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the die.
The blank holder 3 is provided with four groups of guide posts 32, and the four groups of guide posts 32 are arranged at two ends of the blank holder 3 in parallel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide posts 32 are engaged with the guide holes of the upper die 5 to guide the press and improve the position accuracy of the press.
The position of the blank holder 3 is provided with a limiting column 33, the limiting columns 33 are provided with a plurality of groups, and the groups are arranged on two sides of the blank holder 3 in parallel at equal intervals and are positioned at the outer edge position. According to the preferred scheme of the invention, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to the stamping requirement, so that the stamping position is limited.
The blank holder 3 is provided with two groups of locators 34, the two groups of locators 34 are respectively arranged on the blank holder 3 at the edge position close to the hole 31, and the two groups of locators 34 are arranged in a staggered mode. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the sheet metal part grabbed by the manipulator to the lower die 2 is positioned, so that the sheet metal part can be stably placed.
The waste material knife 35 is arranged at the position of the blank holder 3, and a plurality of groups of the waste material knives 35 are arranged on the blank holder 3 in parallel and close to the edge position of the hole 31. As a preferred scheme of the invention, according to the external dimension of a specific punched automobile engine guard plate product, a certain number of scrap cutters 35 with certain shapes are arranged at specified positions, and scraps are punched in the punching process.
Preferably, the waste material knife 35 is made of 7CrSiMnMoV, the length of the waste material knife is controlled within 300mm, in addition, the ratio of the width of the cutting edge of the waste material knife 35 to the height of the cutting edge is more than or equal to 1.2, and the height of the back support at least reaches 2/3 of the height of the cutting edge of the knife block. Thereby guaranteed the intensity of waste material sword 35, avoided the circumstances such as deformation to appear in the stamping process to lead to influencing side cut size precision and side cut quality.
In this embodiment, the working method of the stamping structure is as follows: firstly, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to requirements, so that the punching position is limited; then, the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are preheated through the heating pipe 6, and the heating temperature of the lower die and the upper die is monitored by using the temperature sensor 7; after preheating is finished, the manipulator quickly places the sheet metal part in the heating furnace at the position of a mold core of the lower mold 2 and carries out position limitation through a positioner 34 on the blank holder 3; during stamping, the upper die 5 fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 moves towards the lower die 2 along the limiting column 33 to perform stamping; after a period of pressure maintaining, the upper die 5 moves upwards to a designated position, and the manipulator grabs the punched semi-finished product of the automobile engine guard plate to the next procedure.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional exploded view of the stamping structure includes a lower die fixing seat 1, a lower die 2, a blank holder 3, an upper die fixing seat 4, and an upper die 5, wherein the lower die 2 is fixed on the lower die fixing seat 1, as shown in fig. 2, the blank holder 3 is a three-dimensional view, and is provided with a cavity 31, the blank holder 3 is arranged on the lower die 2, and a core of the lower die 2 is embedded in the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3, and the upper die 5 is fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 and is located right above the lower die 2; the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe 6 and at least one group of temperature sensors 7. Preferably, the core of the upper mold 5 is concave, the core of the lower mold 2 is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged; in the inner wall of the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3 and the corresponding binding surfaces of the lower die 2 and the cavity 31, the guide plates 36 are arranged on the binding surfaces of the blank holder 3 and the upper die 5 in the stamping process, and the surface finish grinding treatment is carried out after the assembly is finished, so that the position precision in the installation process is improved. In the embodiment, the heating temperature of the sheet metal part is 950 ℃ to 980 ℃, four groups of heating pipes 6 in the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a temperature sensor 7 is arranged between the heating pipes 6 to monitor the heating temperature in real time, and the heating temperature of the upper die 5 and the heating temperature of the lower die 2 are 75 ℃ +/-5 ℃.
The blank holder 3 is provided with four groups of guide posts 32, and the four groups of guide posts 32 are arranged at two ends of the blank holder 3 in parallel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide posts 32 are engaged with the guide holes of the upper die 5 to guide the press and improve the position accuracy of the press.
The position of the blank holder 3 is provided with a limiting column 33, the limiting columns 33 are provided with a plurality of groups, and the groups are arranged on two sides of the blank holder 3 in parallel at equal intervals and are positioned at the outer edge position. As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the height dimension of the stopper 33 is adjusted according to the punching requirement, thereby limiting the punching position.
The blank holder 3 is provided with two groups of locators 34, the two groups of locators 34 are respectively arranged on the blank holder 3 at the edge position close to the hole 31, and the two groups of locators 34 are arranged in a staggered mode. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the sheet metal part grabbed by the manipulator to the lower die 2 is positioned, so that the sheet metal part can be stably placed.
The waste material knives 35 are arranged at the positions of the blank holders 3, and a plurality of groups of the waste material knives 35 are arranged on the blank holders 3 in parallel and are close to the edge positions of the holes 31. As a preferred scheme of the invention, according to the external dimension of a specific punched automobile engine guard plate product, a certain number of scrap cutters 35 with certain shapes are arranged at specified positions, and scraps are punched in the punching process.
Preferably, the waste material knife 35 is made of 7CrSiMnMoV, the length of the waste material knife is controlled within 300mm, in addition, the ratio of the width of the cutting edge of the waste material knife 35 to the height of the cutting edge is more than or equal to 1.2, and the height of the back support at least reaches 2/3 of the height of the cutting edge of the knife block. Thereby guaranteed the intensity of waste material sword 35, avoided the circumstances such as deformation to appear in the stamping process to lead to influencing side cut size precision and side cut quality.
In this embodiment, the working method of the stamping structure is as follows: firstly, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to requirements, so that the punching position is limited; then, the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are preheated through the heating pipe 6, and the heating temperature of the lower die and the upper die is monitored by using the temperature sensor 7; after preheating is finished, the manipulator quickly places the sheet metal part in the heating furnace at the position of a mold core of the lower mold 2 and carries out position limitation through a positioner 34 on the blank holder 3; during stamping, the upper die 5 fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 moves towards the lower die 2 along the limiting column 33 to perform stamping; after a period of pressure maintaining, the upper die 5 moves upwards to a designated position, and the manipulator grabs the punched semi-finished product of the automobile engine guard plate to the next procedure.
In addition, in the implementation, a rebound compensation method of the automobile engine guard plate is combined, technological parameters required in the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate are optimized, and the method comprises the following specific working steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional model of an engine guard plate to be stamped, and performing grid division to obtain a limited number of nodes;
s2, calculating the node deviation of the automobile engine guard plate stamping part before and after rebounding by adopting a node displacement compensation method and a stress reverse compensation method, wherein the compensation formula is as follows:
in the formula: a is a rebound compensation die surface,
b is the die surface of a stamping die before the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
c is the die surface of the stamping die after the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
alpha is a compensation coefficient;
s3, reversely applying the node deviation to the core surfaces of the lower die (2) and the upper die (5) of the engine protection plate, and constructing corresponding compensation die surfaces;
s4, carrying out rebound analysis on the compensation die surface again to obtain a new node deviation;
s5, repeating the steps S2-S3 until the node deviation value is within an allowable range, and stopping iteration;
s6, correcting the die surface of the stamping die for the guard plate of the automobile engine by combining the finally obtained springback compensation die surface;
and S7, setting different technological parameter combinations by using the corrected die surface of the stamping die, carrying out simulation on the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate, and obtaining the optimal technological parameters according to the final rebound difference.
Example four
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional exploded view of the stamping structure includes a lower die fixing seat 1, a lower die 2, a blank holder 3, an upper die fixing seat 4, and an upper die 5, wherein the lower die 2 is fixed on the lower die fixing seat 1, as shown in fig. 2, the blank holder 3 is a three-dimensional view, and is provided with a cavity 31, the blank holder 3 is arranged on the lower die 2, and a core of the lower die 2 is embedded in the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3, and the upper die 5 is fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 and is located right above the lower die 2; the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe 6 and at least one group of temperature sensors 7. Preferably, the core of the upper mold 5 is concave, the core of the lower mold 2 is convex, and the two are correspondingly arranged; in the inner wall of the cavity 31 of the blank holder 3 and the corresponding binding surfaces of the lower die 2 and the cavity 31, the guide plates 36 are arranged on the binding surfaces of the blank holder 3 and the upper die 5 in the stamping process, and the surface finish grinding treatment is carried out after the assembly is finished, so that the position precision in the installation process is improved. In the embodiment, the heating temperature of the sheet metal part is 950 ℃ to 980 ℃, four groups of heating pipes 6 in the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a temperature sensor 7 is arranged between the heating pipes 6 to monitor the heating temperature in real time, and the heating temperature of the upper die 5 and the heating temperature of the lower die 2 are 75 ℃ +/-5 ℃.
The surfaces of the core of the lower die 2 and the core of the upper die 5 are attached with wear-resistant coatings. As the preferable scheme of the invention, the arrangement of the wear-resistant coating reduces the abrasion loss when the upper die 5 and the lower die 2 are stamped, and prolongs the service life of the stamping structure.
The wear-resistant coating is a composite coating. Compared with the common coating, the strength is higher, and the abrasion loss in the stamping process is reduced to a certain extent.
The wear-resistant coating comprises an inner layer die base material, a middle layer low-pressure plasma nitriding layer and a surface layer nanocrystal multilayer structure. As a preferred scheme of the invention, a composite coating surface treatment technology combining a physical vapor deposition coating technology and a plasma nitriding technology is adopted, and a surface strengthening phase nanocrystal multilayer structure is formed on the surface of the core of the upper die 5 or the lower die 2, so that the hardness, the wear resistance and the like of the die are effectively improved, the wear loss of the core in the stamping process is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. In the embodiment, the thickness of the composite coating is 30 microns, the temperature of the treatment process is about 480 ℃, low-temperature treatment is adopted, the overall deformation of the upper die 5 or the lower die 2 is small during surface treatment, correction is not needed in the later period, the number of times of coating can be repeated by 20 times for the die, the composite coating is suitable for punching actions of more than 30 ten thousand times, and the service life and the use value of the die are greatly improved.
In the embodiment, the nano-crystalline grain multilayer structure of the surface layer sequentially comprises a stress absorption film, a stress absorption film and high-hardness film crossed film, a low-friction coefficient film and a low-pressure plasma nitriding layer of the middle layer from inside to outside, wherein the hardness of the low-pressure plasma nitriding layer is between that of the coating and the substrate, so that the coating is well supported, impact deformation is relieved, and fatigue wear resistance of the die is greatly improved; and carrying out high-temperature tempering heat treatment on the inner layer of the die base material to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the die.
The blank holder 3 is provided with four groups of guide posts 32, and the four groups of guide posts 32 are arranged at two ends of the blank holder 3 in parallel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide posts 32 are engaged with the guide holes of the upper die 5 to guide the press and improve the position accuracy of the press.
The position of the blank holder 3 is provided with a plurality of limiting columns 33, and the limiting columns 33 are arranged on two sides of the blank holder 3 in parallel at equal intervals and are positioned at the outer edge. According to the preferred scheme of the invention, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to the stamping requirement, so that the stamping position is limited.
The blank holder 3 is provided with two groups of locators 34, the two groups of locators 34 are respectively arranged on the blank holder 3 at the edge position close to the hole 31, and the two groups of locators 34 are arranged in a staggered mode. As the preferred scheme of the invention, the sheet metal part grabbed by the manipulator to the lower die 2 is positioned, so that the sheet metal part can be stably placed.
The waste material knives 35 are arranged at the positions of the blank holders 3, and a plurality of groups of the waste material knives 35 are arranged on the blank holders 3 in parallel and are close to the edge positions of the holes 31. As a preferred scheme of the invention, according to the external dimension of a specific punched automobile engine guard plate product, a certain number of scrap cutters 35 with certain shapes are arranged at specified positions, and scraps are punched in the punching process.
Preferably, the waste material knife 35 is made of 7CrSiMnMoV, the length of the waste material knife is controlled within 300mm, in addition, the ratio of the width of the cutting edge of the waste material knife 35 to the height of the cutting edge is more than or equal to 1.2, and the height of the back support at least reaches 2/3 of the height of the cutting edge of the knife block. Thereby guaranteed the intensity of waste material sword 35, avoided the circumstances such as deformation to appear in the stamping process to lead to influencing side cut size precision and side cut quality.
In this embodiment, the working method of the stamping structure is as follows: firstly, the height dimension of the limiting column 33 is adjusted according to requirements, so that the punching position is limited; then, the lower die 2 and the upper die 5 are preheated through the heating pipe 6, and the heating temperature of the lower die and the upper die is monitored by using the temperature sensor 7; after preheating is finished, the mechanical arm quickly places the sheet metal part in the heating furnace at the position of the mold core of the lower mold 2, and the position is limited by the positioner 34 on the blank holder 3; during stamping, the upper die 5 fixed on the upper die fixing seat 4 moves towards the lower die 2 along the limiting column 33 to perform stamping; after a period of pressure maintaining, the upper die 5 moves upwards to a designated position, and the manipulator grabs the punched semi-finished product of the automobile engine guard plate to the next process.
In addition, in the implementation, a rebound compensation method of the automobile engine guard plate is combined, technological parameters required in the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate are optimized, and the method comprises the following specific working steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional model of an engine guard plate to be stamped, and performing grid division to obtain a limited number of nodes;
s2, calculating the node deviation of the automobile engine guard plate stamping part before and after rebounding by adopting a node displacement compensation method and a stress reverse compensation method, wherein the compensation formula is as follows:
in the formula: a is a rebound compensation die surface,
b is the die surface of a stamping die before the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
c is the die surface of the stamping die after the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
α is a compensation coefficient, and in the present embodiment, α =1;
s3, reversely applying the node deviation to the core surfaces of the lower die (2) and the upper die (5) of the engine protection plate, and constructing corresponding compensation die surfaces;
s4, carrying out rebound analysis on the compensation die surface again to obtain a new node deviation;
s5, repeating the steps S2-S3 until the node deviation value is within an allowable range, and stopping iteration;
s6, correcting the die surface of the stamping die for the guard plate of the automobile engine by combining the finally obtained springback compensation die surface;
and S7, setting different technological parameter combinations by using the corrected stamping die surface, carrying out simulation on the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate, and obtaining optimal technological parameters according to the final rebound quantity difference value.
TABLE 1
As shown in table 1, the corrected die surface of the stamping die is used, and the threshold value of the positive and negative deviation of the rebound of the automobile engine guard plate is obtained after the stamping forming of the automobile engine guard plate under the settings of different blank holder force, die clearance, stamping speed, friction coefficient and other process parameters. Therefore, the optimal process parameters in the press forming process of the embodiment are as follows: edge pressing force 250 kN, die gap 1.20 mm, press speed 200 mm/s, and friction coefficient 0.15.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rebound compensation method for an automobile engine guard plate comprises the following working steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional model of an engine guard plate to be stamped, and performing grid division to obtain a limited number of nodes;
s2, calculating node deviation of the automobile engine guard plate stamping part before and after springback according to a compensation formula by adopting a node displacement compensation method and a stress reverse compensation method;
s3, reversely applying the node deviation to the core surfaces of the lower die (2) and the upper die (5) of the engine protection plate, and constructing corresponding compensation die surfaces;
s4, performing rebound analysis on the compensation die surface again to obtain a new node deviation;
s5, repeating the steps S2-S3 until the node deviation value is within an allowable range, and stopping iteration;
s6, correcting the die surface of the stamping die for the guard plate of the automobile engine by combining the finally obtained springback compensation die surface;
and S7, setting different technological parameter combinations by using the corrected die surface of the stamping die, carrying out simulation on the stamping process of the automobile engine guard plate, and obtaining the optimal technological parameters according to the final rebound difference.
2. The vehicle engine fender rebound compensation method according to claim 1, wherein the compensation formula in step S2 is as follows:
in the formula: a is a rebound compensation die surface,
b is the die surface of a stamping die before the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
c is the die surface of the stamping die after the guard plate of the automobile engine rebounds,
alpha is a compensation coefficient.
3. The utility model provides a stamping structure of automobile engine backplate which characterized in that: the die comprises a lower die fixing seat (1), a lower die (2), a blank holder (3), an upper die fixing seat (4) and an upper die (5), wherein the lower die (2) is fixed on the lower die fixing seat (1), the blank holder (3) is provided with a cavity (31), the blank holder (3) is arranged on the lower die (2), a mold core of the lower die (2) is embedded in the cavity (31) of the blank holder (3), and the upper die (5) is fixed on the upper die fixing seat (4) and is positioned right above the lower die (2); the lower die (2) and the upper die (5) are respectively provided with at least one heating pipe (6) and at least one group of temperature sensors (7).
4. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: and wear-resistant coatings are attached to the surfaces of the core of the lower die (2) and the core of the upper die (5).
5. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 4, characterized in that: the wear-resistant coating is a composite coating.
6. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 5, characterized in that: the wear-resistant coating comprises an inner layer die base material, a middle layer low-pressure plasma nitriding layer and a surface layer nanocrystal multilayer structure.
7. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blank holder (3) is provided with four groups of guide columns (32), and every two guide columns (32) are arranged at two ends of the blank holder (3) in parallel.
8. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: the position of the blank holder (3) is provided with a limiting column (33), the limiting column (33) is provided with a plurality of groups, and the groups are arranged on two sides of the blank holder (3) in parallel at equal intervals and are positioned at the outer edge position.
9. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: the blank holder (3) is provided with locators (34), the locators (34) are divided into two groups, the two groups are respectively arranged on the blank holder (3) and close to the edge of the hole (31), and the two groups of locators (34) are arranged in a staggered mode.
10. The stamped structure of an automobile engine cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: waste material knives (35) are arranged at the positions of the blank holders (3), and a plurality of groups of the waste material knives (35) are arranged on the blank holders (3) in parallel and close to the edge positions of the holes (31).
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| CN202211197269.4A CN115464051A (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Stamping structure of automobile engine guard plate and springback compensation method thereof |
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| CN213436668U (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-06-15 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院（安徽）股份有限公司 | Forming die of aluminum alloy framework |
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| US4802357A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1989-02-07 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method of compensating for springback in a workpiece |
| CN102411641A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2012-04-11 | 集美大学 | Method for compensating rebounding error of automobile cover panel based on numerical simulation |
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