CN115450625A - Stope block type mining method for gently inclined thin ore body under condition of broken roof - Google Patents
Stope block type mining method for gently inclined thin ore body under condition of broken roof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides a stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof, which is characterized in that the ore body is divided into a middle section, the middle section is divided into ore blocks, and then divided into strip stopes and subdivided into mining units; in the strip stope, backward stoping is carried out by taking the blocks as units, and cemented filling is carried out immediately after stoping of the stope is finished; temporary point columns for separating the space are arranged among the blocks, so that ore piles formed by stoping are more concentrated, and the temporary point columns can be recycled in subsequent stoping. The invention provides a novel mining mode and a novel mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of a broken roof, which are used for fitting the stoping period of a block in a stope with the allowable exposure time of the block roof while maximally recovering mineral resources, improving the stope operation environment, improving the ore removal efficiency, avoiding ore dilution caused by stope roof caving and fault mud falling, avoiding the need of roof support, reducing the cost and realizing the safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of a weak broken roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a stope block type mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof.
Background
At present, the mining of the gentle-inclined thin ore body under the condition of a weak broken roof mainly comprises two methods, namely two-step strip stope filling mining method mining and anchor net spraying comprehensive roof protecting room pillar method or comprehensive method mining. When the two-step strip stope filling mining method is adopted, the hidden dangers of large stope exposure space and poor safety and stability of a top plate exist, and further the problems of low concentration of caving ores, poor safety of open stope operation, large dilution in the ore removal process caused by collapse of the top plate, difficulty in laying of a later filling pipeline, poor operation safety and the like are easily caused in the mining process; meanwhile, if the roof-contacting of the stope in one step is poor, the local roof is deformed and damaged greatly in the stoping process in the two steps, and the operation safety under the empty roof is further deteriorated. The problems of large permanent loss of ore pillars, complex mining process, high supporting cost, serious production safety hidden danger caused by the failure of local roof supporting and protecting when the anchor net spraying comprehensive roof building method or the comprehensive method is adopted exist. Therefore, how to safely and efficiently mine the gently inclined thin ore body with the weak broken roof condition is still a difficult problem in the mining industry.
The invention patent (application number is CN 201911158549.2) discloses a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies, and compared with a general comprehensive method and a room column method for mining the slowly-inclined thin ore bodies, the method does not divide a panel, adopts a multi-strip stope and a multi-middle-section simultaneous operation, realizes large-scale mining of the slowly-inclined thin ore bodies, improves the recovery and ore removal efficiency, and eliminates the ore loss caused by the arrangement of the middle columns reserved in the panel section; however, the method adopts top-down stoping, a large amount of goafs exist in the mining process, the exposed area of the top plate of the stope is large, the problems of large supporting area and high mining cost are caused, the method requires stable shape of the ore body to be mined, and therefore, the method is not suitable for mining of rock mass and unstable ore body mainly with a fractured structure, and if the method is adopted to mine broken ore rock and ore body, the problems of poor safety and stability of the top plate and safety accidents of the stope are easily caused. In addition, in the actual mining process of the broken ore rocks, most ore body roofs are composite layered or layered-like geological rock bodies, the rock body quality is poor, the roofs are not stable enough, a layer of erosion zone fault mud with uneven thickness exists at the boundary of the ore rocks, the allowable exposure time is short, the rock body roof is easy to weather and collapse in short time when meeting air after engineering exposure, the safety accident of a stope is caused, the fault mud is mixed into the ore, and the dilution degree of ore body stoping is increased, the ore grade is reduced, and the recovery difficulty is increased.
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved stope block mining method for gently sloping thin ore bodies under roof breaking conditions to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stope block type mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof, which improves the ore caving and ore removal efficiency by reasonably planning the ore body to be mined, subdividing stoping units and dividing stoping blocks in a strip stope, wherein temporary pillars for separating spaces are arranged among the blocks; the block stoping operation period of the stope is perfectly matched with the allowable exposure time of the roof, so that the safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of the weak broken roof is realized while the mineral resources are recovered to the maximum degree, the ore removal grade and the recovery rate are improved.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a stope block type mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections in the vertical direction, dividing the middle sections into a plurality of ore blocks along the direction of the ore body, dividing the ore blocks into 2n strip stopes in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, wherein n is 3-5; every two adjacent sublevel stopes form a stoping unit, and the mining block comprises n stoping units;
s2, stoping the middle section of the ore body from top to bottom, and stoping ore blocks in the middle section from two wing ore blocks to a central ore block; synchronously carrying out back mining on all the back mining units in the ore block; the mining steps of the recovery unit are as follows:
s21, dividing the strip stope in the stoping unit into a plurality of blocks along the inclined direction of an ore body, wherein the length of each block along the inclined direction is 8-14 m;
s22, constructing a cutting upward mountain at the central position of the sublevel stope along the boundary line of the bottom plate of the ore body in an inverse inclination manner, wherein the cutting upward mountain penetrates through the whole sublevel stope; two temporary point columns are arranged between the blocks of the same strip mining field, the two temporary point columns are respectively positioned at two sides of the cutting upper mountain, and a cutting roadway is constructed below the temporary point columns and is used as a free surface and a compensation space when the adjacent blocks to be mined in the same strip mining field are mined;
s23, dividing the two sectional stopes of the stoping unit into a first sectional stope and a second sectional stope, wherein the cutting roadway of the second sectional stope and the temporary point column of the first sectional stope are located at the same elevation position;
s24, adopting a retreating stoping mode to carry out stoping on all blocks in the first strip stope one by one in sequence, constructing inclined blast holes from the side walls of the cutting upward slopes to ore bodies in the blocks, carrying out blasting stoping on all ore bodies in the same block at one time, and conveying out the caving ore along the cutting upward slopes; after the stoping of all the blocks is finished, performing cemented filling maintenance on the first sublevel stope;
s25, carrying out stoping of the second sublevel stope by adopting the same method in the step S24, and recovering temporary point columns left by the sublevel stope on the left side and the right side adjacent to each other by using the cutting roadway when the second sublevel stope is stoped; and filling the second sectioning mining field after the mining of all blocks is finished.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S25, the method for recovering the temporary spotting pillars comprises: sequentially recovering the temporary point pillars corresponding to the cutting roadway position according to the stoping progress of the blocks in the second strip stope; and applying horizontal blast holes to temporary point pillars of the strip stopes on the left side and the right side adjacent to each other by taking the cutting roadway as a channel and a compensation space, and performing ore caving recovery.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S25, the stoping process sequence of the second strip stope is that stoping of the block and recovery of the temporary point pillars of the strip stopes on the left and right adjacent sides are alternately performed.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cutting and raising construction in the stoping unit is ahead of the stoping of the strip stope; and carrying out stoping of the first sublevel stope and cutting and driving upwards in the second sublevel stope simultaneously.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thickness of the ore body is 1.2-3.0 m, preferably 1.2-2.5 m; the inclination angle of the ore body is 20-30 degrees, and the allowed exposure time of a direct roof plate of the ore body is 3-5 days.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S24, the inclined blast hole is a pseudo-inclined upward blast hole, the included angle with the cutting upward center line is 45 °, and the included angle with the inclined plane of the ore body bottom plate is 5 ° to 10 °.
As a further improvement of the invention, the number of the oblique blast holes in the thickness direction of the ore body is 2-3, and the hole distance is 0.8-1.0 m; according to the size of the stoped block, the inclined blast holes are arranged in parallel in 7-11 rows in the inclined direction of the block ore body, the row spacing of the blast holes is 0.8-0.9 m, and the total ore removal time of the block is smaller than the allowable exposure time of the block crushing top plate.
As a further improvement of the invention, a top pillar and an upper vein-following roadway are arranged above the ore body to be mined in the middle section, and a bottom pillar and a lower vein-following roadway are arranged below the ore body to be mined; the upper vein-following roadway and the lower vein-following roadway are arranged in a vein along the trend of the ore body, and the upper vein-following roadway is communicated with a cutting mountain in the strip mining field through an upper communication channel;
a bottom connection roadway is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom pillar along the trend of the ore body to be mined, is communicated with the cutting uphill and is parallel to the lower vein-following roadway; and an isolation ore pillar is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom connection roadway and is used as a partition between the stope bottom connection roadway and a stoping operation surface.
As a further improvement of the invention, when the strip stope is filled and maintained, filling retaining walls are respectively arranged at communication ports between the mined strip stope and the bottom communication roadway and between the mined strip stope and the upper vein-following roadway, so that a filling body is prevented from entering the roadway for ore transportation or ventilation.
As a further improvement of the invention, a vein-penetrating roadway is arranged perpendicular to the lower vein-penetrating roadway, a pedestrian patio is constructed upwards to a bottom plate of the ore body to be mined in a horizontal distance of 3-5 m away from the ore body in the vein-penetrating roadway, and the pedestrian patio is communicated with the bottom connection roadway; and a transportation drift is arranged at the position 7-8 m away from the ore body footwall along the direction of the ore body, a chute extending upwards is arranged at one side of the transportation drift at intervals, the chute is communicated with the bottom communication roadway, and the chute is correspondingly arranged at the communication part of the cutting upper mountain and the bottom communication roadway and used for ore removal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the stope block mining method for the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of roof breaking, the ore body to be mined is divided into a middle section through reasonable planning of the ore body to be mined, ore blocks are divided in the middle section, the ore blocks are divided into strip stopes and mining units are subdivided, and the strip stopes are divided into blocks to serve as the minimum units for mining; in the stoping process, the stoping unit carries out synchronous step stoping, and filling is carried out immediately after the stoping of the strip stope is finished. The invention perfectly fits the block stoping operation period of the stope with the allowable exposure time of the block roof, avoids the adverse effects of roof collapse on the safety of ore removal operators and the collapse of ores, improves the ore removal efficiency and the production management level of the stope, creates a new mining mode and a new mining method for uniformly mining and accurately cutting the slowly inclined thin ore body under the condition of broken roof, performing block stoping and ore breaking, and carrying and removing ores in a centralized way, and realizes the safe and efficient mining of the slowly inclined thin ore body under the condition of soft broken roof while recovering the mineral resources to the maximum extent.
2. In the mining method, no ore pillars need to be reserved between adjacent ore blocks in the middle section and between strip stopes, only temporary point pillars are reserved between blocks, and the temporary point pillars not only can play a role in stabilizing ore bodies and supporting a stope roof, but also can be used for separating the spaces of mined and mining blocks, so that the scattered splashing of caving ore is avoided, and the primary recovery rate and the ore removal efficiency of resources are improved; the temporary point column can also play a role in protecting the space of the mining block when the top plate falls off accidentally, so that the fault mud on the upper part of the top plate is prevented from being mixed into the ore, and the safety of workers is ensured. The temporary point pillars are recovered together by utilizing the cutting roadway during the recovery of the subsequent adjacent stopes, so that the recovery rate of the ore is improved. The cutting roadway is constructed on the lower portion of the temporary point column, the cutting roadway of the second strip stope in the stoping unit and the temporary point column of the first strip stope are located at the same elevation position, the cutting roadway not only serves as a free surface and a compensation space of blasting stoping of a block, but also can serve as a channel for recovering the temporary point column of the adjacent strip stope, and the recovery difficulty of the ore column is reduced.
3. According to the invention, when the stoping of each block is finished, blast holes are simultaneously blasted once after all the blast holes are constructed, and then concentrated ore removal operation is carried out on the caving ore of the block, so that the total time of ore caving and ore removal is controlled to be less than the allowable exposure time of the top plate of the dead zone of the block, the production capacity and ore removal efficiency of a stope are improved, a top plate is not required to be supported, the mining cost is reduced, fault mud on the upper part of the top plate which collapses is prevented from being mixed into the ore, the ore removal grade of the ore is ensured, and the economic benefit is improved.
4. According to the invention, through reasonably dividing the stoping blocks, the ore pile distribution of the caving ore is more concentrated, and meanwhile, the block-type concentrated rock drilling, blasting and ore removal operation successfully avoids the falling of fault mud from mixing and diluting the ore in the ore removal process, thereby eliminating the adverse effect of the fault mud on the caving ore in the stope and greatly relieving the blockage problem of a main ore pass system of the mine. In addition, because the primary ore pillars support the stope roof, stope ground pressure hidden danger caused by poor roof contact of filling bodies of adjacent stopes is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stope with a roof breaking condition, in which a thin ore body is gently inclined along the strike angle of the ore body in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view in the direction II-II in FIG. 1.
Reference numerals
100-a recovery unit; 110-first strip stope; 120-second strip stope; 130-blocks; 140-cutting and climbing; 150-temporary stud; 160-cutting a roadway; 170-inclined blast hole; 210-a top post; 220-upper vein laneway; 230-upper contact lane; 310-bottom pillar; 320-lower vein laneway; 330-vein-penetrating laneway; 340-pedestrian patio; 350-bottom communication lane; 360-sliding down the mine; 370-isolating the pillar; 380-filling a retaining wall; 390-haulage drifts; 400-ore caving; 500-a filling body; 600-lower middle section haulage roadway; 700-upper middle section haulage roadway.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a stope block mining method for a gently inclined thin ore body under a broken roof condition is suitable for mining the gently inclined thin ore body under the broken roof condition that the thickness of the ore body is 1.2 to 3.0m, preferably 1.2 to 2.5m, the inclination angle of the ore body is 20 to 30 degrees, and the direct roof of the ore body allows exposure time to be 3 to 5 days, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1, dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections in the vertical direction, dividing the middle sections into a plurality of ore blocks along the direction of the ore body, and dividing the ore blocks into 8 strip stopes perpendicular to the direction of the ore body; each two adjacent sublevel stopes form a stoping unit 100, and each ore block comprises 4 stoping units 100; the height of the middle section is 25-35 m, the length of the ore block along the trend of the ore body is 50m, the inclined length along the inclined direction is 60-70 m, and the height is the thickness of the ore body; the length of the strip stope is 50-60 m in the inclined direction of the ore body, and the width is 6-8 m in the trend direction of the ore body;
s2, carrying out stoping on the middle section of the ore body from top to bottom, and carrying out stoping on ore blocks in the middle section in a sequence from two wing ore blocks to a central ore block; carrying out the same-step stoping on all the stoping units 100 in the ore block; the mining steps of the extraction unit 100 are:
s21, dividing a strip stope in the stoping unit 100 into a plurality of blocks 130 along the inclined direction of an ore body, wherein the inclined length of each block 130 along the inclined direction is 8-14 m; in the present embodiment, the sectional stope is divided into 4 blocks 130 in the height direction, which are respectively a block (1), a block (2), a block (3), and a block (4);
s22, constructing and cutting the upward mountain 140 along the boundary line of the bottom plate of the ore body in an adverse trend at the central position of the strip stope, wherein the specification of the cutting upward mountain 140 is 1.8m multiplied by 1.8m; cutting the upper hill 140 throughout the entire strip stope; the construction of cutting the upward mountain 140 in the stoping unit 100 is ahead of the stoping of the sectional stopes, i.e. the stoping of the first sectional stope 110 and the tunneling of cutting the upward mountain 140 in the second sectional stope 120 are performed simultaneously; two temporary point columns 150 are arranged between the blocks 130 of the same sectional stope and the blocks 130, and the specification of the temporary point columns 150 is 2 x 2 m-3 x 3m; two temporary point columns 150 are respectively positioned at two sides of the cutting upper mountain 140, and a cutting roadway 160 is constructed below the temporary point columns 150 and is used as a free surface and a compensation space when the adjacent block 130 to be mined in the same sublevel is mined;
s23, dividing the two sublevel mining sites of the stoping unit 100 into a first sublevel mining site 110 and a second sublevel mining site 120, wherein the cutting roadway 160 of the second sublevel mining site 120 and the temporary point column 150 of the first sublevel mining site 110 are located at the same elevation position, that is, at the same elevation position in the height and inclination directions;
s24, adopting a retreating stoping mode to carry out stoping on all the blocks 130 in the first strip mining field 110 one by one, constructing inclined blast holes 170 from the side of the cutting upper mountain 140 to ore bodies in the blocks 130, carrying out blasting stoping on all ore bodies in the same block at one time, and conveying out the caving ore 400 along the cutting upper mountain 140; after the stoping of all blocks is finished, performing cemented filling maintenance on the first strip stope 110 by using a full tailings paste; before the strip stope is filled, filling retaining walls 380 are respectively arranged at communication ports between the mined strip stope and the bottom communication roadway 350 and between the mined strip stope and the upper edge roadway 220, and the retaining walls are brick masonry retaining walls or steel structure flexible retaining walls, so that the filling bodies 500 are prevented from entering the roadway for ore transportation or ventilation to cause blockage; in the actual filling process, a two-point simultaneous discharging and filling operation mode is adopted to ensure that the top connection between the filling body 500 and the top plate of the stope is good, so that the stability of the whole ore body when adjacent strip stopes are mined is ensured;
s25, stoping the second sublevel mining field 120 by adopting the same method in the step S24, and recovering temporary point columns 150 left by the sublevel mining fields on the left side and the right side adjacent to each other by using a cutting roadway 160 when the second sublevel mining field 120 is stoped; and filling the second sublevel mining field after the stoping of all the blocks is finished.
In step S24, the inclined blast hole 170 is constructed by using a YT-28 type air-leg rock drill for drilling, the charging adopts a phi 32mm ammonium nitrate emulsion explosive cartridge, a continuous non-coupled charging structure is adopted, the charging coefficient is 0.7-0.8, an orifice is blocked by using stemming, the bottom of a non-conductive blasting cap hole is reversely detonated, and a row-to-row differential blasting mode is adopted; the inclined blast holes 170 are pseudo-inclined upward blast holes, the included angle between the inclined blast holes and the central line of the cutting uphill 140 is 45 degrees, and the included angle between the inclined plane of the bottom plate of the ore body is 5-10 degrees; the row number of the oblique blast holes 170 in the thickness direction of the ore body is 2-3, and the hole pitch is 0.8-1.0 m; according to the size of the stoped block 130, 7-11 rows of the inclined blast holes 170 are arranged in parallel in the inclined direction of the block ore body, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 0.8-0.9 m; the diameter of the drilled hole is 38-42 mm, and the depth of the drilled hole is 2.5-3.0 m.
Specifically, in step S25, the method of recovering the temporary stud 150: sequentially recovering temporary point pillars 150 corresponding to the positions of the cutting roadways 160 according to the stoping progress of the blocks 130 in the second sublevel mining field 120; applying horizontal blast holes to the temporary point pillars 150 of the strip stopes on the left and right adjacent sides by using the cutting roadway 160 as a channel and a compensation space, and performing ore caving recovery; it should be noted that the temporary point pillar 150 corresponding to the position of the cutting roadway 160 is that the cutting roadway 160 and the temporary point pillars 150 of the strip stopes on the left and right adjacent sides are at the same height; the stoping process sequence of the second sublevel stope 120 is that stoping of the block 130 and recovery of the temporary point columns 150 of the sublevel stopes at the left and right adjacent sides are alternately carried out.
In some specific embodiments, when the second sublevel mining site 120 is used for mining, because the left and right adjacent sides of the second sublevel mining site are the filling bodies 500 which are good in top contact and high in strength, a movable wood partition wall can be constructed at a distance of 3-5 m in front of the block 130 to be mined, temporary point columns 150 are not required to be reserved, and the blocks can be directly and sequentially mined in a retreat mode, so that the mining rate of the mining site ore and the safety of operators are improved. A top pillar 210 and an upper vein-following roadway 220 are arranged above the ore body to be mined in the middle section, and a bottom pillar 310 and a lower vein-following roadway 320 are arranged below the ore body to be mined; the upper vein-following roadway 220 and the lower vein-following roadway 320 are arranged along the trend of the ore body; the upper vein-following roadway 220 is communicated with the cutting upper mountain 140 in the strip stope through an upper connecting channel 230, is used as a main channel for stope pedestrians, ventilation and filling, and is also used as a second safety outlet of the stope; wherein, the bottom pillar 310 has an inclined thickness of 8-9 m, and the top pillar 210 has an inclined thickness of 3m.
A bottom connecting roadway 350 is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom pillar 310 and along the direction of the bottom plate of the ore body to be mined, and the bottom connecting roadway 350 is communicated with the cutting upper mountain 140 and is parallel to the lower vein-following roadway 320; an isolation ore pillar 370 is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom connecting roadway 350, the thickness of the isolation ore pillar is 2m, and the isolation ore pillar is used as a partition between the stope bottom connecting roadway 350 and a stoping operation surface.
A vein-penetrating roadway 330 is arranged perpendicular to the vein-penetrating roadway 320 at the lower part, and a pedestrian raise 340 is constructed upwards to a bottom plate of an ore body to be mined in the vein-penetrating roadway 330 at a distance of 3-5 m from the ore body to be used as a pedestrian and ventilation channel of a stope; the pedestrian patio 340 is communicated with a bottom communication roadway 350; constructing a transportation gallery 290 with the specification of 2.2m multiplied by 2.3m along the trend of the ore body at the position of about 8m of the ore body footwall, and then constructing a chute 360 upwards at the interval of 6-8 m at one side of the transportation gallery 290, wherein the chute 360 is communicated with a bottom connection gallery 350, the section specification of the chute 360 is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, and the axial length is more than 3m; the chute 360 is correspondingly arranged at the communication position of the cutting upper mountain 140 and the bottom communication roadway 350, and an ore drawing funnel is arranged at the chute position at the lower part and used for ore removal.
In the actual stoping cutting project, the construction sequence is as follows: drift 330 → pedestrian patio 340 → bottom communication drift 350 → haulage driftway 390 → ore pass 360 → cut mountain 140 → cut drift 160.
The ventilation of the stope of the invention is as follows: fresh air flows through the lower middle section main transportation roadway 600, the through roadway 330, the pedestrian patios 340, the bottom connection roadway 350 and the cutting upper mountain 140 to enter a mining working face, after the working face is cleaned, dirty air is discharged to the upper middle section transportation roadway 700 from the upper connection roadway 230, and finally discharged to the ground surface from the two-wing ventilation patios.
The roadway roof management of the invention is as follows: and after the blasting ventilation is qualified, a ripper enters a stope operation surface to perform the operation of knocking the top plate and the surrounding rocks on two sides in each roadway, and the anchor-spraying net combined support can be performed according to the design requirement on the local unstable condition of the mining roadway. The anchor rod is made of 18 mm-diameter deformed steel bar and 2.0m in length; anchoring by adopting a concrete anchoring cartridge; the installation mesh degree of the metal mesh is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m, and the mesh degree size of the metal mesh is 100mm multiplied by 100mm; the thickness of the sprayed concrete is 100mm, and the concrete is marked with the reference number C25.
Stope of the inventionThe ore removal is as follows: the ore 400 is cut into the upper part 140 to form a scraper way, and the scraper way is provided with a 2DPJ-30 type scraper winch for 0.4m 3 The raker is raked and transported to a ore removal chute 330, and 6 cars of 1.2m are dragged by a model ZK 3-6/250 electric locomotive after being discharged to a mine car 3 And the bend side-dumping mine car group is transported to the middle section main chute and finally lifted to an earth surface ore bin through a skip. In order to facilitate the electric raking and the raking, a pulley needs to be hung in advance before blasting, a steel wire rope needs to be embedded in a roadway bottom plate, and the ore chute 330 is strictly forbidden to be emptied in the ore removal process.
The stope filling of the invention is as follows: and after the recovery of the first strip stope 110 of each recovery unit 100 is finished, the full tailing paste is adopted for cemented filling, and after the recovery of the second strip stope 120 is finished, the full tailing paste is adopted for filling. The filling process adopts the operation mode of multi-point discharging and multiple filling to ensure that the filling body 500 is well connected with the top plate of the stope, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the ore body when the adjacent strip stopes are mined. When the stope bottom area is filled, the primary height is not more than half of the height of the filling retaining wall 380; the curing strength of the filling body should reach 1.0-1.5 MPa after 7 days. Because the length of the strip stope is more than 30m, two discharge ports need to be arranged at intervals of two blocks, one discharge port is arranged at the outlet of the upper connecting channel 230 of the strip stope, and the other central discharge port is arranged at the top plate of the temporary point column 150 of the central block; the filling hose 800 can be laid in a combined manner in the extraction process in a traction manner of a scraper winch, so that the construction efficiency and the operation safety are improved.
When the method is adopted for mining the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing the roof in a certain mining area, the obtained main technical and economic index parameters are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 main technical and economic index parameters for a certain mining area using the present invention
Comparative example
When mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies under the condition of crushing a roof is carried out in a certain mining area by adopting a traditional two-step mining method, the obtained main technical and economic index parameters are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 Main technical economic index parameters of the comparative examples
| Serial number | Index name | Unit | Numerical value |
| 1 | Recovery rate | ％ | 91.2 |
| 2 | Depletion rate | ％ | 18.3 |
| 3 | Mining-cutting ratio | m/kt | 58.5 |
| 4 | Specific explosive consumption | kg/t | 0.55 |
| 5 | Amount of ore caving per meter of blast hole | t/m | 1.45 |
| 6 | Capacity of ore block production | t/d | 50-60 |
| 7 | Direct cost of mining | Element/t | 219 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, when the method is used for mining the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing the roof, the dilution rate of the ore is greatly reduced, the production capacity of the ore block is greatly improved, and the direct mining cost is obviously reduced, so that the ore removal grade of a stope and the economic benefit of a mine are further improved, and the strong guarantee is provided for the safe production and the sustainable development of the mine. The invention provides a safe, reliable and economic new method for mining the slowly inclined thin ore body under the condition of a weak broken roof, the equipment used by the method is conventional rock drilling equipment, the process is simple, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide.
In summary, the invention provides a stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of roof breaking, which divides the ore body to be mined into a middle section and ore blocks in the middle section by reasonably planning the ore body to be mined, divides the ore blocks into strip stopes and subdivides the strip stopes into stoping units, and divides the strip stopes into blocks as the minimum units for stoping; in the stoping process, the stoping unit carries out synchronous step stoping, and filling is carried out immediately after the stoping of the strip stope is finished; only temporary point pillars are reserved between the blocks, and the temporary point pillars can not only play a role in stabilizing ore bodies and supporting a stope roof, but also can be used for separating the spaces of mined and mining blocks, so that the scattered splashing of the caving ore is avoided, and the primary recovery rate and the ore removal efficiency of resources are improved; the temporary point pillar is recovered by utilizing the cutting roadway when the subsequent adjacent stope is stoped, so that the recovery rate of the ore can be improved. Therefore, the invention creates a new mining mode and a new mining method of the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing the roof, perfectly fits the block stoping operation period of the stope with the allowable exposure time of the roof while recovering mineral resources to the maximum extent, effectively improves the safety environment of stope operation, improves the stope production capacity and ore removal efficiency, avoids the collapse of the roof and the dilution of fault mud to the ore in the ore removal process, ensures the grade of the ore, does not need to support the roof, reduces the mining cost, improves the economic benefit and realizes the safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of soft and weak crushed roof.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A stope block type mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing an ore body into a plurality of middle sections in the vertical direction, dividing the middle sections into a plurality of ore blocks along the direction of the ore body, dividing the ore blocks into 2n strip stopes in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, wherein n is 3-5; every two adjacent sublevel stopes form a stoping unit, and the mining block comprises n stoping units;
s2, carrying out stoping on the middle section of the ore body from top to bottom, and carrying out stoping on ore blocks in the middle section in a sequence from two wing ore blocks to a central ore block; synchronously carrying out back mining on all the back mining units in the ore block; the mining steps of the recovery unit are as follows:
s21, dividing the strip stope in the stoping unit into a plurality of blocks along the inclined direction of an ore body, wherein the length of each block along the inclined direction is 8-14 m;
s22, constructing a cutting upward mountain at the central position of the sublevel stope along the boundary line of the bottom plate of the ore body in an inverse inclination manner, wherein the cutting upward mountain penetrates through the whole sublevel stope; two temporary point columns are arranged between the blocks of the same strip mining field, the two temporary point columns are respectively positioned at two sides of the cutting upper mountain, and a cutting roadway is constructed below the temporary point columns and is used as a free surface and a compensation space when the adjacent blocks to be mined in the same strip mining field are mined;
s23, dividing the two sectional stopes of the stoping unit into a first sectional stope and a second sectional stope, wherein the cutting roadway of the second sectional stope and the temporary point column of the first sectional stope are located at the same elevation position;
s24, adopting a retreating stoping mode to carry out stoping on all blocks in the first strip stope in sequence, constructing inclined blast holes from the side walls of the cutting upward slopes to ore bodies in the blocks, carrying out blasting stoping on all ore bodies in the same block at one time, and conveying out the caving ore along the cutting upward slopes; after the stoping of all the blocks is finished, performing cemented filling maintenance on the first sublevel stope;
s25, mining the second sublevel stope by adopting the same method in the step S24, and recovering temporary point columns left by the sublevel stope on the left side and the right side adjacent to each other by using the cutting roadway during mining of the second sublevel stope; and filling the second sublevel mining field after the stoping of all the blocks is finished.
2. The stope block mining method of gently sloping thin ore bodies with broken roof of claim 1, characterized in that in step S25, the recovery method of the temporary point pillar comprises: sequentially recovering the temporary point pillars corresponding to the cutting roadway position according to the stoping progress of the blocks in the second strip stope; and applying horizontal blast holes to temporary point pillars of the strip stopes on the left side and the right side adjacent to each other by taking the cutting roadway as a channel and a compensation space, and performing ore caving recovery.
3. The stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S25, the stoping process sequence of the second strip stope is such that stoping of the block and recovery of the temporary point pillars of the strip stope on the left and right adjacent sides are alternately performed.
4. The stope block mining method of gently sloping thin ore bodies under broken roof conditions of claim 1, characterized in that the construction of the cut-up in the stoping unit precedes the stoping of the strip stope; and carrying out stoping of the first sublevel stope and cutting and driving upwards in the second sublevel stope simultaneously.
5. The stope block mining method of gently sloping thin ore bodies under broken roof conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the ore body is 1.2-3.0 m, preferably 1.2-2.5 m; the inclination angle of the ore body is 20-30 degrees, and the allowed exposure time of a direct roof plate of the ore body is 3-5 days.
6. The stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under a broken roof condition according to claim 1, wherein in step S24, the inclined blast holes are pseudo-inclined upward blast holes, and have an angle of 45 ° with the cutting uphill center line and an angle of 5 ° to 10 ° with the inclined plane of the ore body floor.
7. The stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof as claimed in claim 6, wherein the number of blast holes of the inclined blast holes in the thickness direction of the ore body is 2 to 3, and the pitch of the holes is 0.8 to 1.0m; according to the size of the stoped block, the inclined blast holes are arranged in parallel in the inclined direction of the block ore body in 7-11 rows, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 0.8-0.9 m.
8. The stope block mining method of gently sloping thin ore bodies under broken roof conditions of claim 1, characterized in that a top pillar and an upper vein-following roadway are arranged above the ore body to be mined in the middle section, and a bottom pillar and a lower vein-following roadway are arranged below the ore body to be mined; the upper vein-following roadway and the lower vein-following roadway are arranged in a vein along the trend of the ore body, and the upper vein-following roadway is communicated with a cutting mountain in the strip mining field through an upper communication channel;
a bottom connecting roadway is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom pillar along the trend of the ore body to be mined, is communicated with the cutting uphill and is parallel to the lower vein-following roadway; and an isolation ore pillar is arranged between the ore body to be mined and the bottom connection roadway and is used as a partition between the stope bottom connection roadway and a stoping operation surface.
9. The stope block mining method of a gently inclined thin ore body under the condition of crushing a roof as claimed in claim 8, wherein during filling and maintenance of the sublevel stope, filling retaining walls are respectively arranged at communication ports between the sublevel stope which is already mined out and the bottom communication roadway and the upper vein-along roadway, so as to prevent a filling body from entering a roadway for ore transportation or ventilation.
10. The stope block mining method of gently sloping thin ore bodies under broken roof conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that a drift tunnel is provided perpendicular to the lower drift tunnel, said drift tunnel constructing a pedestrian patio up to the floor of the ore body to be mined at a horizontal distance of 3-5 m from the ore body, said pedestrian patio communicating with the bottom communication tunnel; and a transportation drift is arranged at the position 7-8 m away from the ore body footwall along the direction of the ore body, a chute extending upwards is arranged at one side of the transportation drift at intervals, the chute is communicated with the bottom communication roadway, and the chute is correspondingly arranged at the communication part of the cutting upper mountain and the bottom communication roadway and used for ore removal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117967310A (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-05-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Reserved compensation space horizontal lateral continuous mining method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117967310A (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-05-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Reserved compensation space horizontal lateral continuous mining method |
| CN117967310B (en) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-06-04 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Reserved compensation space horizontal lateral continuous mining method |
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