CN115446292A - Cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation method for investment shell type casting - Google Patents
Cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation method for investment shell type casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115446292A CN115446292A CN202211128491.9A CN202211128491A CN115446292A CN 115446292 A CN115446292 A CN 115446292A CN 202211128491 A CN202211128491 A CN 202211128491A CN 115446292 A CN115446292 A CN 115446292A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/02—Dressing by centrifuging essentially or additionally
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/06—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting correlation, and discloses a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which comprises the following steps: putting a plurality of poured and cooled investment shell molds and castings thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together for crushing, separating and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is carried out all the time in the process, coarse ceramic particles are obtained by screening, and fine ceramic particles and powder are obtained by air draft dust removal; performing cyclone dust removal and bag dust removal secondary classification on the obtained ceramic fine particles and powder to obtain ceramic fine sand and ceramic fine powder, removing iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic fine powder through magnetic separation, and removing iron powder in the ceramic fine powder; and after the rotary cleaning roller works for a preset time, taking the casting and the casting head out of the rotary cleaning roller. The invention realizes the efficient separation of the investment shell and the casting, and simultaneously realizes the crushing and grading of the investment shell and the efficient separation and removal of iron impurities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting correlation, and particularly relates to a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting.
Background
Investment casting, also known as lost wax casting, is a near-net forming process which comprises the steps of preparing an accurate pattern of a required casting pattern from a fusible material (wax or plastic, etc.), coating a plurality of layers of refractory coatings on the pattern, drying and hardening to form an integral shell, heating the shell to melt the pattern, roasting at a high temperature to form a refractory shell, pouring liquid metal into the shell, and cooling and cleaning the shell to obtain the required casting. Investment casting has the advantages of high casting size precision, good surface smoothness, high utilization rate of raw materials, capability of casting various thin-wall castings with complex shapes and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, electronic engineering, automobiles, medical appliances and the like.
After the molten metal is poured into the investment casting shell and cooled, the casting needs to be cleaned of the shell on the surface to obtain the final casting product. Because the residual intensity of the investment casting shell is high, the shell is difficult to crush and clean, so that the cleaning process of the investment casting shell is more, the period is long, and the labor intensity is high. In addition, the problem of processing waste shells exists after the investment shell type castings are crushed and cleaned, and as the requirement on environmental protection is increasingly strict, the processing of a large number of crushed waste shells is a primary problem facing many casting enterprises.
At present, the cleaning method of the investment shell type casting comprises shot blasting cleaning, pneumatic shell cleaning, manual cleaning and the like, the efficiency of the whole cleaning process is low, and the cleaned broken shell is directly piled up and placed or transported to relevant enterprises for casting solid waste recycling and utilization for treatment, so that the storage and management cost of the broken shell is increased, and the investment shell type casting is also polluted by a large amount of waste shell dust.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which combines integrated crushing and cleaning, realizes the efficient separation of the investment shell type and the casting, simultaneously realizes the crushing and grading of the investment shell type and the efficient separation and removal of iron impurities, and solves the problems of low cleaning efficiency and difficult treatment of the crushing shell type of the current investment shell type casting.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cleaning graded ferromagnetic separation of investment shell castings, the method essentially comprising the steps of:
(1) Putting a plurality of poured and cooled investment shell molds and castings thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together for crushing, separating and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is carried out all the time in the process, coarse ceramic particles are obtained by screening, and fine ceramic particles and powder are obtained by air draft dust removal;
(2) Performing cyclone dust removal and bag dust removal secondary classification on the obtained ceramic fine particles and powder to obtain ceramic fine sand and ceramic fine powder, removing iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic fine powder through magnetic separation, and simultaneously removing iron powder in the ceramic fine powder;
(3) And after the rotary cleaning roller works for a preset time, taking the casting and the casting head out of the rotary cleaning roller.
Furthermore, the rotary cleaning roller is obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle is 15-60 degrees.
And further, removing iron powder in the ceramic fine powder by adopting a wind power reselection method, or an ultrasonic magnetic separation method, a sieve type vibration magnetic separation method or a plurality of superposition methods.
Further, the predetermined time is 1h to 4h.
Furthermore, the diameter of the ceramic coarse particles is 1 mm-5 mm, the diameter of the ceramic fine particles is less than 1mm, and the diameter of the ceramic fine sand is 0.1 mm-1 mm; the diameter of the ceramic fine powder is less than 0.1mm.
Furthermore, the investment shell mold is one or a mixture of a water glass shell mold, an ethyl silicate shell mold and a silica sol shell mold, and the casting is a steel casting or a cast iron casting.
Furthermore, ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal directly enter the cyclone dust collector, ceramic fine sand with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm comes out from the lower part of the cyclone dust collector, and ceramic fine powder carried by gas enters the bag-type dust collector from the upper part of the cyclone dust collector to obtain ceramic fine powder with the diameter of less than 0.1mm.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of the melt-shell type casting provided by the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method realizes the whole-flow integrated operation of the whole cleaning and grading and ferromagnetic separation processes of the investment shell mold and the casting, and can realize the high-efficiency separation of the investment shell mold and the casting, the crushing and grading of the investment shell mold and the high-efficiency separation and removal of iron impurities.
2. The investment shell is crushed in the roller and then is directly subjected to air draft dust removal and screening classification, ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal are directly subjected to cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal secondary classification to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand and ceramic fine powder, and ceramic coarse particles can be obtained by screening. In addition, iron particles or iron fine powder are separated from ceramic particles or fine powder obtained by grading through magnetic separation, and then recycled ceramic particles or fine powder can be obtained, so that the problem of pollution caused by random stacking of waste shells is solved, resource recycling can be realized on the spot, and the production cost of castings is saved.
3. A plurality of investment shell type castings can be cleaned simultaneously in the rotary cleaning roller at one time, and the castings are collided and rubbed in the rotary cleaning roller to promote the crushing and separation of the investment shell type castings, so that the cleaning efficiency of the investment shell type castings is obviously improved.
4. According to the method, the mass percentages of the recycled ceramic coarse particles, the recycled ceramic fine sand and the recycled ceramic fine powder in the ceramic shell are nearly 100%, and the iron contents of the ceramic coarse particles, the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic fine powder are less than 1.5%, so that the high-efficiency separation and removal of iron impurities are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of investment shell castings according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for cleaning graded ferromagnetic separation of investment shell castings, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, putting a plurality of poured and cooled investment shell molds and castings thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together, performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
The investment shell type is one or a mixture of a water glass shell type, an ethyl silicate shell type and a silica sol shell type, and the casting is one or a mixture of a steel casting and a cast iron casting. The crushing is realized by mutually colliding and rubbing a plurality of investment shell molds and castings thereof in a rotary drum under the action of self gravity, and 3 or more castings can be simultaneously cleaned at one time. The rotary cleaning roller has a certain inclination angle, and the inclination angle range is 15-60 degrees. The crushed investment shell mold realizes the rapid and efficient classification and separation of ceramic coarse particles, ceramic sand and ceramic powder through air draft dust removal and screening. The ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter less than 1mm can be separated by air draft dust removal, and the ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm can be separated by screening.
And secondly, performing cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal secondary classification on the ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal to obtain ceramic fine sand (0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (less than 0.1 mm).
Wherein, ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal directly enter a cyclone dust collector, ceramic fine sand with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm comes out from the lower part of the cyclone dust collector, and ceramic fine powder carried by gas enters a bag-type dust collector from the upper part of the cyclone dust collector to obtain ceramic fine powder with the diameter of less than 0.1mm.
And step three, removing iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances through direct magnetic separation to respectively obtain relatively pure ceramic fine sand and relatively pure ceramic coarse particles.
And step four, removing iron powder from the ceramic fine powder containing ferromagnetic substances by wind power gravity separation and screen type vibration magnetic separation, or ultrasonic magnetic separation, or a plurality of superposition methods to obtain purer ceramic fine powder.
In the embodiment, the iron powder in the fine powder is removed by preferentially adopting a method of superposing wind power gravity separation and screen type vibration magnetic separation on the ceramic fine powder.
And step five, after the cleaning roller works for a certain time, taking out the casting and the casting head thereof from the cleaning roller.
In the present embodiment, the cleaning time of the casting and the casting head in the rotary drum is 1 to 4 hours.
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to several specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And putting the 3 poured and cooled investment shells and the casting thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together, and performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
(2) The ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal are subjected to secondary classification of cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm).
(3) The ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances are separated by direct magnetic separation to remove iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles, so that relatively pure ceramic fine sand and ceramic coarse particles are obtained respectively.
(4) The ceramic fine powder containing ferromagnetic substances is subjected to wind power gravity separation and screen type vibration magnetic separation to remove iron powder in the ceramic fine powder, so that relatively pure ceramic fine powder is obtained.
(5) And after cleaning for 2h, taking out the casting and the casting head from the rotary cleaning roller.
After the water glass investment shell type steel casting is subjected to the operation steps, a casting and a casting head with relatively clean surfaces can be obtained, the mass of the reclaimed ceramic coarse particles (the diameter is 1-5 mm) accounts for about 80% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) accounts for about 15% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm) accounts for about 5% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is less than 1.5%.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And putting the 5 poured and cooled investment shells and the casting thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together, and performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
(2) The ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal are subjected to secondary classification of cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm).
(3) The ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances are separated by direct magnetic separation to remove iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles, so that relatively pure ceramic fine sand and ceramic coarse particles are respectively obtained.
(4) The iron powder in the ceramic fine powder containing the ferromagnetic substances is removed by wind power gravity separation and ultrasonic magnetic separation, and the relatively pure ceramic fine powder is obtained.
(5) And after cleaning for 3h, taking out the casting and the casting head from the rotary cleaning roller.
After the silica sol investment shell type steel casting is subjected to the operation steps, a casting with a clean surface and a casting head can be obtained, the mass of the reclaimed ceramic coarse particles (the diameter is 1-5 mm) accounts for about 76% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) accounts for about 17% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm) accounts for about 7% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is less than 1%.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And putting the 6 poured and cooled investment shells and the castings into a rotary cleaning roller together, and performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
(2) And (3) performing secondary classification on the ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal through cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm).
(3) The ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances are separated by direct magnetic separation to remove iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles, so that relatively pure ceramic fine sand and ceramic coarse particles are respectively obtained.
(4) The iron powder in the ceramic fine powder containing ferromagnetic substances is removed by wind power gravity separation and ultrasonic magnetic separation, and purer ceramic fine powder is obtained.
(5) And after cleaning for 4 hours, taking out the casting and the casting head from the rotary cleaning roller.
After the silica sol investment shell type iron casting is subjected to the operation steps, a casting with a clean surface and a casting head can be obtained, the mass of the reclaimed ceramic coarse particles (the diameter is 1-5 mm) accounts for about 70% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) accounts for about 20% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm) accounts for about 10% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is less than 1.5%.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 of the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And putting the 3 poured and cooled investment shells and the casting thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together, and performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
(2) The ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal are subjected to secondary classification of cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm).
(3) The ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances are separated by direct magnetic separation to remove iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles, so that relatively pure ceramic fine sand and ceramic coarse particles are respectively obtained.
(4) The ceramic fine powder containing ferromagnetic substances is subjected to wind power gravity separation and screen type vibration magnetic separation to remove iron powder in the ceramic fine powder, so that relatively pure ceramic fine powder is obtained.
(5) And after cleaning for 3h, taking out the casting and the casting head from the rotary cleaning roller.
After the silica sol investment shell type iron casting is subjected to the operation steps, a casting with a clean surface and a casting head can be obtained, the mass of the recycled ceramic coarse particles (the diameter is 1-5 mm) accounts for about 75% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) accounts for about 18% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm) accounts for about 7% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is less than 1%.
Example 5
The embodiment 5 of the invention provides a method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) And putting the 4 poured and cooled investment shells and the casting thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together, and performing crushing, separation and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is performed all the time in the process, the screening is performed to obtain ceramic coarse particles with the diameter of 1-5 mm, and the air draft dust removal is performed to obtain ceramic fine particles and powder with the diameter of less than 1mm.
(2) The ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal are subjected to secondary classification of cyclone dust removal and cloth bag dust removal to respectively obtain ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) and ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm).
(3) The ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles containing ferromagnetic substances are separated by direct magnetic separation to remove iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic coarse particles, so that relatively pure ceramic fine sand and ceramic coarse particles are respectively obtained.
(4) Removing iron powder from the ceramic fine powder containing ferromagnetic substances through wind power gravity separation and ultrasonic magnetic separation to obtain pure ceramic fine powder.
(5) And after cleaning for 4 hours, taking out the casting and the casting head from the rotary cleaning roller.
After the water glass investment shell type steel casting is subjected to the operation steps, a casting with a clean surface and a casting head can be obtained, the mass of the reclaimed ceramic coarse particles (the diameter is 1-5 mm) accounts for about 72% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine sand (the diameter is 0.1-1 mm) accounts for about 20% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is lower than 1%; the recycled ceramic fine powder (the diameter is less than 0.1 mm) accounts for about 8% of the mass of the ceramic shell, and the iron content is less than 1%.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cleaning and grading ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell type casting is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) Putting a plurality of poured and cooled investment shell molds and castings thereof into a rotary cleaning roller together for crushing, separating and screening, wherein air draft dust removal is carried out all the time in the process, coarse ceramic particles are obtained by screening, and fine ceramic particles and powder are obtained by air draft dust removal;
(2) Performing cyclone dust removal and bag dust removal secondary classification on the obtained ceramic fine particles and powder to obtain ceramic fine sand and ceramic fine powder, removing iron particles in the ceramic fine sand and the ceramic fine powder through magnetic separation, and removing iron powder in the ceramic fine powder;
(3) And after the rotary cleaning roller works for a preset time, taking the casting and the casting head out of the rotary cleaning roller.
2. The method of cleaning a graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of claim 1 wherein: the rotary cleaning roller is obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle is 15-60 degrees.
3. The method of cleaning a graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of claim 1 wherein: and removing the iron powder in the ceramic fine powder by adopting a wind power gravity separation and sieve type vibration magnetic separation, or ultrasonic magnetic separation, or a plurality of superposition methods.
4. The method of cleaning graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of claim 1 wherein: the preset time is 1-4 h.
5. The method of cleaning a graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the diameter of the ceramic coarse grains is 1 mm-5 mm, and the diameter of the ceramic fine sand is 0.1 mm-1 mm; the diameter of the ceramic fine powder is less than 0.1mm.
6. The method of cleaning a graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the investment shell type is one or a mixture of a water glass shell type, an ethyl silicate shell type and a silica sol shell type, and the casting is a steel casting or an iron casting.
7. The method of cleaning a graded ferromagnetic separation of an investment shell casting of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: ceramic fine particles and powder obtained by air draft dust removal directly enter a cyclone dust collector, ceramic fine sand with the diameter of 0.1-1 mm comes out from the lower part of the cyclone dust collector, and ceramic fine powder carried by gas enters a bag-type dust collector from the upper part of the cyclone dust collector to obtain ceramic fine powder with the diameter of less than 0.1mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116727600A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-12 | 广东万嘉精铸材料有限公司 | Precision casting surface sand powder and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116727600A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-12 | 广东万嘉精铸材料有限公司 | Precision casting surface sand powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN116727600B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-01-26 | 广东万嘉精铸材料有限公司 | Precision casting surface sand powder and preparation method thereof |
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