CN1154458C

CN1154458C - Absorbent article with increased wet breathability

Info

Publication number: CN1154458C
Application number: CNB998125989A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 小C・P・科恩; 小C·P·科恩; 埃登斯; R·L·埃登斯; 埃利克尔; P·R·埃利克尔; 福尔克斯; M·J·福尔克斯; 胡; S·H·胡; 麦多瓦尔; D·J·麦多瓦尔; 梅流斯; S·K·梅流斯; 莫卡德罗; C·A·莫卡德罗; 菲利普斯; C·M·菲利普斯; 乌特克特; C·M·乌特克特
Original assignee: Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Current assignee: Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Priority date: 1998-08-25
Filing date: 1999-08-25
Publication date: 2004-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2019-08-25
Also published as: BR9913276A; TR200100580T2; TR200103636T2; KR20010085579A; JP2002523142A; WO2000010501A9; WO2000010501A1; CN1324229A; AU748568B2; AU6240399A; EP1131027A1; PL348455A1

Abstract

An absorbent article includes a vapor permeable backsheet, a topsheet positioned in facing relation with the backsheet; and an absorbent body located between the backsheet and the topsheet which defines multiple zones of high air permeability or may include materials which provide improved air exchange after being wetted. The absorbent article may also include a ventilation layer between the absorbent body and the backsheet and a surge management layer between the absorbent body and the topsheet. The article exhibits improved air exchange within the article during use. As a result, the article exhibits substantially reduced levels of hydration of the wearer's skin when in use which renders the skin less susceptible to the growth of microorganisms.

Description

The absorbent article that green permeability is improved

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for absorb body fluids and exudate, urine for example, absorbent article.More particularly, the present invention relates to the absorbability furnishings, for example disposable diaper and adult-incontinence medicated clothing, their are constructed for absorbing the human body exudate, help to alleviate the hydration of skin again and improve skin health simultaneously.

Background technology

Many known diaper components adopt absorber material, are placed between the not saturating rear panel of liquid (liquid can see through) top flat and steam and liquid.This kind rear panel is suitable for the body fluid that is used for preventing giving up to move to the wearer coat from absorbing material very much.Regrettably, high humility occurs in the diaper when use of liquid and steam impermeability rear panel can cause using, this will improve the wearer skin temperature and cause higher skin hydration degree.Comprise that environment inaccessible and moist in the diaper of this kind rear panel helps microorganism, comprise the survival of white mycocandida etc., can cause the generation of disagreeable diaper dermatitis (diaper rash).

Diaper dermatitis perplex sometimes similar each be in the baby who wears the diaper age.The severe form of this kind disease is usually by due to the secondary infection of white mycocandida fungus.Though other factors also can influence the pathogenesis of this kind fungus, however key factor be with the directly related diaper of the obturation in diaper zone or semi-closure plug in relative humidity.

For reducing relative humidity level in the diaper, existing people adopts the gas permeable polymers thin film to make absorption medicated clothing, for example clad of disposable diaper.The typical construction of breathable film comprises the micropore that is used to provide saturating liquid of certain level and breathability.The style of other disposable diapers then is provided with the breathable zones of breathability sheet form, perhaps arranges punched areas on the not saturating rear panel of original steam, wears the ventilation of product to promote this.

Conventional absorbent article, for example described above those, be not entirely satisfactory so far.For example, adopt the goods of perforated films and breathability sheet can make the liquid excessive leakage and the wearer coat of can too making dirty in the zone of perforation or sheet from goods.In addition, when the goods absorbing material had loaded liquid, it is diffusing from wearer skin that the absorbent that drenches can hinder dampness.The design of this kind absorption medicated clothing still keeps fully reducing the highly breathable of wearer skin aquation always when not reaching hygrometric state.As a result, diaper rash still takes place in wearer skin easily, fraying and feeling stimulates.

Summary of the invention

At difficulty discussed above and problem, have now found that a kind of new disposable absorbent article, it has higher hygrometric state air exchange speed, therefore can reduce the skin hydration degree.

Term as used herein " air exchange (hereinafter to be referred as taking a breath) " is meant when wearer uses absorbent article, air, particularly humid air can be transferred to outside (ambiance) from the inside of absorbent article, thereby makes that more dried surrounding air enters into absorbent article inside.

This paper employed " basic liquid-tight material " be can provide after making at least about 60cm (centimetre), preferably at least about 80cm, more preferably at least about the material of 100cm head value.The technology that is fit to be used for to measure the head value is below will describe " hydrostatic test " in detail.

This paper employed " basic saturating steam material " is can provide at least about 100g/m after making ²/ 24h is preferably at least about 250g/m ²/ 24h is more preferably at least about 500g/m ²The material of/24h steam permeating rate (WVTR).The technology that is fit to be used for to measure WVTR is below to describe " steam permeating rate test " in detail.

One aspect of the invention relates to a kind of absorbent article, and it comprises assimilate, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.Calculate according to " search gas test " described herein, this absorbent article demonstrates at least about 190cm ³" the hygrometric state air charge rate " of/min.In a kind of particular, these goods show by " search gas test " calculating, at least about 200, preferably at least about 225, more preferably at least about 250cm ³The wet air charge rate of/min.Calculate by " search gas test ", this absorbent article also can show at least about 525cm ³" the dry state air charge rate " of/min and/or calculate by skin hydration described herein test is less than about 18g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises assimilate, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.Press the skin hydration test of this paper defined and calculate, this absorbent article shows less than about 18g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.In a kind of specific embodiment, to press skin hydration test and calculate, absorbent article can show less than about 15, preferably less than about 12, is more preferably less than about 10g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.Press the search gas test of this paper defined and calculate, this absorbent article also shows at least about 190cm ³The hygrometric state air charge rate of/min and/or at least about 525cm ³The dry state air charge rate of/min.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.This absorbent article comprises: a) vapour rear panel thoroughly, calculate by steam permeating rate test described herein, and show at least about 1000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h; B) liquid top flat is thoroughly placed as described rear panel capping; And c) is clipped in absorber between rear panel and the top flat, has a plurality of on it in order to improve the high ventilating area of gas exchange.In a kind of specific embodiment, the high ventilating area on the absorber is adjacent absorber and partly compares, and its Fu Leize (Frazier) porosity exceeds at least about 10%.This absorbent article also can comprise ventilating layer, between rear panel and absorber.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.This absorbent article comprises: a) saturating vapour, liquid-tight rear panel, calculate by steam permeating rate test described herein, and show at least about 1000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h; B) saturating liquid top flat is placed as described rear panel capping; C) be clipped in absorber between rear panel and the top flat; D) ventilating layer between rear panel and absorber; And e) increases the liquid measure key-course suddenly, between top flat and absorber.In a kind of specific embodiment, the absorber of absorbent article comprises many high ventilating areas that are used to improve ventilation, and they show that be adjacent absorber and partly compare, its Fu Leize porosity exceeds at least about 10%.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises assimilate, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.Calculate by search gas test described herein, this absorbent article shows the wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio at least about 0.50.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises the vapour rear panel, presses the steam permeating rate test of this paper defined and calculates, and this rear panel shows at least about 1000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h; Saturating liquid top flat is in face-to-face relation with rear panel; And be clipped in absorber between described rear panel and the described top flat.Press the search gas test of this paper defined and calculate, this absorbent article shows at least about 1.00, preferably at least about 1.05, more preferably at least about wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 1.10.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of disposable absorbent article, and it comprises Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another.This absorbent article comprises the vapour rear panel, calculates by steam permeating rate test described herein, and this rear panel shows at least about 1000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h; Saturating liquid top flat is in face-to-face relation with rear panel; And be clipped in absorber between rear panel and the top flat, wherein when running into moist steam or when moist, at least a portion absorber longitudinally with laterally at least 1 direction shrink at least about 5%, preferably at least about 10%.In certain embodiments, absorber comprises many fragments, so the contraction of absorber just forms high ventilating area between fragment.

In a kind of particular, this absorbent article shows at least about 0.70, preferably at least about 0.80, more preferably at least about 0.90, further preferably at least about 1.00, further preferably at least about wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 1.10.

In certain embodiments, calculate by skin hydration described herein test, this absorbent article also shows less than about 18, preferably less than about 15, be more preferably less than about 12, further preferably less than about 10g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.

This absorbent article also comprises the ventilating layer between rear panel and absorber, and/or increases the liquid measure key-course suddenly between top flat and the absorber, is used for improving ventilation.

The present invention advantageously provides a kind of improvement absorbent article, shows than highly-breathable when drenching, and compares with conventional absorbent article, can cause the reduction greatly of wearer skin degree of hydration.The reduction of skin hydration degree makes skin dry, more comfortable, so skin becomes and is not easy to allow microbial survival.Therefore, when using the present invention to make absorbent article, the skin hydration of wearer skin is light, skin temperature is comparatively constant, thereby causes the improvement of skin irritation and decline of erythra incidence rate and skin health.

Description of drawings

The present invention with reference to following detailed and accompanying drawing after, will obtain a more complete understanding, further advantage also will be clearer, these accompanying drawings comprise:

Fig. 1 typical case shows the vertical view of the absorbent article of one embodiment of this invention, and wherein part is cut open;

Fig. 2 typical case exploded view 1 absorbent article is along the cutaway view of straight line 2-2;

Fig. 3 typical case shows the absorber vertical view of the absorbent article of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein part is cut open;

Fig. 4 typical case exploded view 3 absorbers are along the cutaway view of straight line 4-4;

Fig. 5 typical case shows the absorber vertical view of the absorbent article of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein part is cut open;

Fig. 6 typical case exploded view 5 absorbers are along the cutaway view of straight line 6-6; And

Fig. 7 typical case shows the curve chart of taking from example 15 and Comparative Examples 6 data.

The specific embodiment

To elaborate near a kind of disposable diaper that is fit to lie in baby's lower trunk below.But apparent, absorbent article of the present invention also will be suitable as the other types absorbent article, for example feminine care pad, incontinence garment, training pants or the like.

The advantage of absorbent article of the present invention shows higher hygrometric state breathability, this will make wearer use in the skin hydration degree compare with conventional absorbent article greatly and reduce.The absorbent article of the present invention wearer skin of also can be when drenching comparing with conventional absorbent article keeps more stationary temperature.So the wearer of the absorbent article of different performance of the present invention all will alleviate skin hydration, thereby make skin be not easy to allow microbial survival, and then can cause skin irritation and erythra chance of occurrence to reduce.Have now found that why absorbent article of the present invention can show that the wearer skin degree of hydration is low in the use, rely on this absorbent article in goods, to realize the ability of two-forty ventilation at least in part.In addition, also find, the low degree of hydration of this kind obtain the ability that keeps or improve the two-forty ventilation when also relying on goods to drench.

This absorbent article reaches the ability that two-forty is taken a breath in dry state and hygrometric state, with regard to the application's purpose, is dried air charge rate, wet air charge rate and wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio by quantificational expression, and assay method is pressed hereinafter described search gas test method(s).Come to the point, search gas test is included in goods when being worn on one's body, injects search gas to the absorbent article inside near skin with constant rate of speed.Meanwhile, by extracting sample out and measure between goods and the wearer concentration of air search gas in the space to inject identical constant rate of speed.So,, determine ventilation volume according to the material balance between search gas and the air in research space.

For reaching the low skin hydration of requirement degree, the absorbent article of different performance of the present invention can be made into wet air charge rate at least about 190cm ³/ min is generally at least about 200cm ³/ min is preferably at least about 225cm ³/ min is more preferably at least about 250cm ³/ min, further preferred about 300cm ³The product of/min.For example, this absorbent article can show about 175～about 1500cm ³/ min, preferred about 225～about 1500cm ³The wet air charge rate of/min.Absorbent article does not then reach enough ventilation volumes if show the wet air charge rate that is lower than above-mentioned scope, therefore causes the unacceptable increase of skin hydration degree.The increase of this kind skin hydration degree can make skin become to allow easily microbial survival, thus the disadvantages such as chance rising that cause skin irritation and erythra to take place.

The absorbent article of different performance of the present invention also can be made into to be provided at least about 0.20, generally at least about 0.23, preferably at least about 0.27, more preferably at least about the product of wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 0.30, to improve performance.In a kind of specific embodiment, the absorbent article of different performance of the present invention is made into to provide at least about 0.50, generally at least about 0.70, preferably at least about 0.80, more preferably at least about the product of wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 0.90, to improve performance.In another kind of particular, the absorbent article of different performance of the present invention is made into to provide at least about 1.00, generally at least about 1.05, preferably at least about the product of 1.10 wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratios, to improve performance.For example, that this absorbent article can show is about 0.20～about 2.00, preferred about 0.50～about 2.00, and more preferably from about 0.70～2.00, the product of further preferred about wet air charge rate of 1.00～about 2.00/dried air charge rate ratio is to improve performance.The absorbent article that shows so high wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio can when just goods drench, provide ventilation improvement effect when needing most ventilation.

The absorbent article of different performance of the present invention also can be made into and can show at least about 525cm ³/ min is generally at least about 575cm ³/ min is preferably at least about 625cm ³/ min is more preferably at least about 675cm ³/ min is further preferably at least about 750cm ³The product of the dried air charge rate of/min is to improve performance.For example, this absorbent article can show about 525～about 2500cm ³/ min, preferred about 575～about 2500cm ³The dried air charge rate of/min.Absorbent article will not be if demonstration less than the dried air charge rate of above-mentioned scope, will reach enough ventilation volumes, thereby cause the unacceptable increase of skin hydration degree.The increase of this kind skin hydration degree can make the skin easier microorganism of growing that becomes, thereby causes disadvantages such as skin irritation and the raising of erythra generation probability.

Another kind of situation shows that at absorbent article this kind goods may not necessarily provide the above-mentioned dried air charge rate of defined to improve performance in the embodiment of higher wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio.For example, wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate the ratio that shows at absorbent article equals about 0.50 at least, preferably at least about 0.70, more preferably at least about 0.80, further preferred at least about in 0.90 the embodiment, absorbent article can show at least about 200, preferably at least about 225, more preferably at least about 250, further preferably at least about 300cm ³The dried air charge rate of/min to improve performance, comprises that skin hydration alleviates the improvement with skin health.

The improvement of the inner ventilation of absorbent article of the present invention can cause the reduction of skin temperature in the wearer use.Absorbent article can be kept comparatively constant skin temperature when drenching, and is moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio by quantificational expression with regard to the application's purpose, and assay method is by described skin temperature test hereinafter.Come to the point, skin temperature test relates to goods to be measured is placed on about test participant forearm, measure then drench with the known quantity saline solution forward and backward, the skin temperature below the goods.Dry products writes down the dry skin temperature later at wearing 5min.Then sample is drenched, write down the moist skin temperature later at wet article placement 120min then.

The absorbent article of different performance of the present invention can be made into and shows and to be not more than approximately 1.010, generally is not more than about 1.005, preferably be not more than about 1.000, more preferably no more than about 0.995, further preferably be not more than the product of moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio of about 0.990, to improve performance.For example, that absorbent article can have is about 0.950～and about 1.010, moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio of preferred about 0.970～about 1.005 is to improve performance.Greater than above-mentioned scope, it is constant to keep skin temperature when then drenching as if the moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio that shows for absorbent article, and skin is easier to allow microorganism survive thereby make, and this will cause disadvantages such as skin irritation and the raising of erythra generation probability.

Absorbent article of the present invention all shows the ability of high-level air charge rate at dry state and hygrometric state, and the skin hydration degree is reduced.The ability of the low-level skin hydration that absorbent article reaches with regard to the object of the invention, is a Skin Hydration value by quantificational expression.Term as used herein " Skin Hydration value " is meant the numerical value of determining according to following described skin hydration test.Say that generally Skin Hydration value is that the absorbent article that drenches by mensuration is dressed after the stipulated time evaporated water that loses on the subjects skin.In a kind of specific embodiment, different aspect absorbent article of the present invention can be made into to have less than about 18g/m ²/ h is generally less than about 15g/m ²/ h is preferably less than about 12g/m ²/ h is more preferably less than about 10g/m ²/ h is further preferably less than about 8g/m ²/ h is most preferably less than about 5g/m ²The product of/h Skin Hydration value is to improve performance.For example, absorbent article of the present invention can show about 0.1～about 18g/m ²/ h, preferred about 0.1～12g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.Absorbent article is if show Skin Hydration value greater than above-mentioned scope, will make that skin is easier to grow microorganism, and this will cause the generation of skin irritation and erythra desirably not increase.The inner improvement wet and dried air charge rate of absorbent article of the present invention also can cause the reduction of microbial reproduction speed, thereby causes skin irritant alleviating.Can suppose that the minimizing of microbial survival is the direct result that inner breathability of goods of the present invention and ventilation increase.The ability that absorbent article reduces microbial reproduction speed, with regard to the application's purpose, by quantificational expression is the survival value of white mycocandida bacterium, because people suppose the existence of white mycocandida bacterium and the generation direct correlation of stimulation and particularly erythra.White mycocandida bacterium survival test is generally said so white mycocandida bacterium survival rate below the test absorbent article, airtight external coating is arranged with taking from, and promptly its external coating WVTR is less than 100g/m ²The conventional absorbent article of/24h is to compare between the following white mycocandida survival rate in the same old way.

In a kind of specific embodiment, the absorbent article of different performance of the present invention, can be made into respect to white mycocandida bacterium survival rate in the same old way, its saccharomyces albicans survival rate is less than about 85%, be generally less than about 80%, preferably less than about 60%, be more preferably less than about 40%, further preferably less than about 20% product.For example, according to white mycocandida survival test, when absorbent article of the present invention is inoculated with the suspended substance of about 5～7 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm generation units (number), to have less than about 2.5, preferably, be more preferably less than the white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of about 1.75 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm generation units (number) less than about 2.0.Absorbent article will be if demonstration greater than the white mycocandida survival rate of above-mentioned scope, will cause the increase of skin irritation and erythra generation.

Preferred above-mentioned white mycocandida bacterium survival rate is to obtain under the situation that does not add the antimicrobial that makes consumer's dislike in absorbent article.

Have now found that the improvement of acceptable absorbent article performance can reach by the structure of selecting to have in the above-mentioned performance a kind or multiple combination.For example, the acceptable performance improvement of given level, can adopt a kind of like this absorbent article to reach: it shows at least about 190cm ³The wet air charge rate of/min and at least about 0.50, preferred about 1.00 wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratios.Change a kind of expression, acceptable energy improvement level can adopt such absorbent article to reach: it shows at least about 190cm ³The wet air charge rate of/min/dried air charge rate ratio and less than about 18g/m ²The Skin Hydration value of/h.

Have, have now found that, the improvement of performance can adopt such absorbent article to reach: it shows at least about 1000g/m ²The WVTR of/24h and at least about 0.50 is preferably at least about the vapour rear panel thoroughly of 1.00 wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratios.Perhaps, acceptable performance improvement can adopt such absorbent article to reach: it shows at least about 1000g/m ²The vapour rear panel thoroughly of the WVTR of/24h, and a kind of absorber, its at least a portion is running into moist steam or when moist, longitudinally with laterally at least 1 direction shrink at least 5%.

To describe the example of the present invention below, and in Fig. 1～6, figure with regard to typical case with the suitable constructions of absorbent article.Fig. 1 is that integral type of the present invention absorbs medicated clothing, and for example disposable diaper 10, is in its expansion, the Typical Planar view of contraction state (promptly all elasticity gauffers that bring out and retraction are all eliminated) not.The some parts of structure is by partial cut-out, so that more clearly show the internal structure of diaper 10, the diaper surface that contacts with wearer faces person with the aid of pictures.The absorbent article of Fig. 2 typical case exploded view 1 is along the profile of straight line 2-2.Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, disposable diaper 10 generally comprises Attacking Midfielder's section 12, low back section 14 and with the interconnected interlude 16 of forward and backward waist section.Preceding and low back section comprises the common part of goods of extending along the forward and backward abdominal part of wearer respectively substantially when being made into use.The interlude of goods is made into from passing the common part of goods of wearer crotch portion between two lower limbs.

This absorbent article comprises vapour rear panel 20, and saturating liquid top flat 22 is placed as the capping of rear panel 20, and absorber 24, and absorption pad for example is between rear panel 20 and top flat 22.Length and width that rear panel 20 limits, consistent with the length and the width of diaper 10 in the embodiment of drawing.Length and the width than rear panel 20 is little respectively usually for length that absorber 24 limits and width.Therefore, the marginal portion of diaper 10, for example the marginal portion of rear panel 20 can surpass the end edge extension of absorber 24.In the embodiment in the drawings, for example, the end edge that rear panel 20 surpasses absorber 24 extends outwardly, so form the side and the end limit of diaper 10.Top flat 22 usually and rear panel 20 extend jointly, but can cover the area that is greater than or less than rear panel 20 as required.Rear panel 20 and top flat 22 in use plan to face respectively clothes and wearer's body.

The permeability of rear panel is intended to be used for improving the breathability of absorbent article, to alleviate the aquation of wearer skin between the operating period, do not allow steam, for example urine too much condenses on rear panel 20 surfaces that face clothes, because will undesirably cause the wearer clothes to be drenched like this.

For more next to the shin, and help to reduce bodily exudate from diaper 10 leakages, diaper side and end limit can be by suitable elastic components, and for example single or many elasticas have elasticity and become.Elastica can be made of natural or synthetic rubber, but and can optionally have heat-shrinkable or thermic elastification.For example, shown in Fig. 1 and 2, diaper 10 can comprise leg elastic 26 as the typical case, it can be gathered the side of diaper 10 with shirred, thereby provide a kind of elasticity around the bottom bands of trouser legs, in a week of its adaptive closely wearer thigh, leak and provide better comfort and outward appearance thereby reduce.Similarly, available waist elastic 28 is given the end limit of diaper 10 with elasticity, thereby elastic waist is provided.Waist elastic is made into gathers the waist section with shirred, thereby provides wearer waistline high resilience, comfortable tightly adaptive.In the embodiment among the figure, elastic component all is represented as the elongated condition that they do not shrink, so that seem clear.

Fasten device, for example shackle is a part 30, is used for diaper is fastened on one's body the wearer.Scheme also can take other to fasten means as an alternative, and for example clasp, pin, snap-button, adhesive tape are part, binding agent, hasp etc.

Diaper 10 also can comprise other layers between its absorber 24 and top flat 22 or rear panel 20.For example, be illustrated among Fig. 1 and 2 like that as the typical case, diaper 10 can comprise the ventilating layer 32 between absorber 24 and rear panel 20, so that with rear panel 20 and absorber 24 isolation, thereby improve circulation of air, and reduce the lip-deep dampness that rear panel 20 faces clothes effectively.Ventilating layer 32 also helps transudate is assigned in absorber 24 each several parts of directly not accepting discharge opeing and goes.Diaper 10 also can comprise and increases liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly, is clipped between top flat 22 and the absorber 24, is used to prevent that transudate from compiling on the surface, and further improves the ventilation of diaper 10 inside and the distribution of transudate.

Diaper 10 can have various suitable shape.For example, can be roughly the shape of rectangle, T-shape or approximate " sand glass ".In the embodiment of drawing, diaper 10 is substantially the I font.Diaper 10 also limits vertical 36 and horizontal 38.Other diaper compositions that can be attached in the absorbent article of the present invention comprise the leakproof side, and the waist sheet hangs down, elastomer lateral plate etc., belong to that those skilled in the art generally know.

Being fit to the application adopts, and can comprise the diaper configurations of other suitable diaper compositions, be disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4,798,603 (1989-01-17 authorizes people such as Meyer), United States Patent (USP) 5,176,668 (1993-01-05 authorizes Bernardin), United States Patent (USP) 5,176,672 (1993-01-05 authorizes people such as Bruemmer), United States Patent (USP) 5,192,606 (1993-03-09 authorizes people such as Proxmire) and United States Patent (USP)s 5, in 509,915 (1996-04-23 authorizes people such as Hanson), above disclosure is collected herein by reference in the lump.

The suitable fixing means of various components utilising all kinds of diaper 10, for example binding agent, ultrasonic bonds, heat bonding or its combine, and it are fitted together become one.In the embodiment of being showed, for example, top flat 22 assembles each other with rear panel 20, then by several binding agents, and hot melt, the contact adhesive absorber of packing into for example.Similarly, other diaper compositions, for example elastic component 26 and 28 is a part 30, and ventilates and increase liquid measure key-

course

32 and 34 suddenly, also can adopt above-named fixed mechanism to be assembled in the diaper.

The rear panel 20 of diaper 10 as showing as example among Fig. 1 and 2, is made of basic saturating material vapor.Rear panel 20 is made at least usually to the steam Permeability, and has at least about 1000g/m ²/ 24h is preferably at least about 1500g/m ²/ 24h is more preferably at least about 2000g/m ²/ 24h is further preferably at least about 3000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h.For example, rear panel 20 can have about 1000～about 6000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h.If the steam permeating rate of material will not reach enough ventilation volumes less than above-mentioned scope, so cause the skin hydration degree desirably not increase.

It is liquid-tight basically that rear panel 20 is also wished.For example, rear panel can be made when carrying out hydrostatic test, can provide at least about 60cm, preferably at least about 80cm, more preferably at least about the head value of 100cm.If the head value of material will cause liquid when using less than above-mentioned scope, can penetrate as urine etc.This kind be fluidic to penetrate and can cause between the operating period rear panel 20 to be drenched and not satisfying consequence such as wet sticking sense arranged.

Rear panel 20 can be made of any suitable material, as long as they can directly provide the performance level of the liquid-impermeable but gas-permeable that requires above, in addition, material therefor is modification or later this kind level that provides of processing in some way.In one embodiment, rear panel 20 can be the opaque liquid nonwoven web that desired level can be provided.For example, optionally handle with refusing water paint by spunbond or nonwoven web that melt-blown polymer fiber is formed, perhaps liquid-tight vapour thin polymer film on the lamination, thus make rear panel 20.In particular of the present invention, rear panel 20 can comprise the nonwoven web of being made up of many random sedimentary hydrophobic thermoplastic meltblown fibers, fiber is through fully bonding or be connected to each other by other mechanism, thereby forms substantially thoroughly vapour but liquid-tight substantially fibre web.Rear panel 20 also can comprise certain steam nonwoven layer thoroughly, and they have passed through local coating or have been shaped by other means, thereby provide opaque liquid in selecting the zone.

The examples of material that is fit to do rear panel 20 also is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,482, in 765 (1996-01-09 authorizes people such as Bradley), is entitled as " the enhanced non-weaving cloth applications as laminates of barrier property "; U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/622,903 (1996-03-29 submission), the name application with people such as Odorzynski is entitled as " absorbent article with breathability gradient "; U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/668,418 (1996-06-21 submission), the name application with people such as Good is entitled as " absorbent article with compound breathability rear panel "; And U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/882,712 (1997-06-25 submission), the name application with people such as McCormack is entitled as " low thickness thin film and film/nonwoven cloth applications as laminates ", and above disclosure is collected herein by reference in the lump.

In a kind of specific embodiment, rear panel 20 has the superimposed material of microporous membrane/non-weaving cloth, comprises the spunbonded nonwoven cloth material and the microporous membrane of lamination with it.This spun-bonded non-woven comprises 1.8 denier filaments of being extruded by the copolymer of ethylene and about 3.5 weight % propylene, and is defined as about 17～about 25g/m ²Quantitatively.Thin film comprises a kind of compound cast film of extruding, and wherein has calcium carbonate granule, and before stretching quantitatively is about 58g/m ²Thin film stretches and annealing, thereby forms micropore through preheating, is laminated on the spun-bonded non-woven then.The material that mainly contains microporous membrane/non-weaving cloth applications as laminates that obtains is about 30～about 60g/m quantitatively ², and about 3000～about 6000g/m ²The steam permeating rate of/24h.The superimposed examples of material of this kind film/nonwoven cloth is disclosed in Application No. 08/882 in more detail, in 712 (1997-06-25 submission), name application with people such as McCormack, be entitled as " low thickness thin film and film/nonwoven cloth applications as laminates ", above disclosure is collected herein by reference in the lump.

Top flat 22, as among Fig. 1 and 2 as shown in the typical case, be suitable for submissive next to the shin, soft, do not stimulate the top flat that faces health of wearer skin.Have, the water absorption of top flat 22 comparable absorbers 24 is little again, so that for wearer provides dryer and comfortableer surface, and has enough holes and sees through by liquid, thereby make liquid its whole thickness of infiltrate swimmingly.Suitable top flat 22 can be by varied sheet material manufacturing, for example combination of sponge plastics, reticulated polymer foam, perforated plastic film, natural fiber (for example timber or cotton fiber), synthetic fibers (for example polyester or polypropylene fibre) or natural and synthetic fibers.Top flat 22 should make wearer skin and the liquid that remains in the absorber 24 keep apart.

There are various fabric or non-weaving cloth to can be used for top flat 22.For example, this top flat can by polyolefine fiber melt and spray or spunbond fibre web constitutes.This top flat can also be by bonding-carded fibre web natural and/or that synthetic fibers constitute.This top flat can be made of hydrophobic substantially material, and this hydrophobic material also can optionally be handled with surfactant or otherwise processing, gives the wettability and the hydrophilic that require degree.In particular of the present invention, top flat 22 comprises spunbond polypropylene nonwoven, is quantitative about 22g/m by about 2.8～3.2 dawn fibre formings ², the about 0.06g/cm of density ³Fibre web constitute.This kind top flat 22 can be used the effective dose surfactant, and for example about 0.3 weight % carries out surface treatment by the surfactant of Hodgson TEXTILE CHEMICALS company with trade name AHCOVEL BASEN-62 supply.

The absorber 24 of diaper 10, as canonical representation in Fig. 1 and 2, be suitable for to comprise the substrate that hydrophilic fibers is formed, for example cellulose short flannel material is wherein sneaked into the high absorbing material granule that is called superabsorbent material usually.In a kind of specific embodiment, absorber 24 comprises the cellulose short flannel, the granule of for example substrate of wood pulp short flannel composition, and super-absorbert, generation hydrogel.The wood pulp short flannel is replaceable for synthetic, polymer meltblown fibers or be changed to meltblown fibers and the combination of natural fiber.Superabsorbent particles can mix with hydrophilic fibers basically equably, perhaps can mix unevenly.Another kind of scheme is that absorber 24 can comprise fine micro-material and superabsorbent material, or is fit to be used for making superabsorbent material to remain on the lamination thing of the equipment formation of regional area with other.

Absorber 24 can have any in numerous shapes.For example, the absorber core can be rectangular, I font or T font.Usually preferred absorber 24 is narrower than pro-or low back section place at the interlude of diaper 10.Absorber 24 can have monolayer, perhaps can have multilamellar, and all each layers not necessarily all extend to the total length and the overall with of absorber 24.In particular aspects of the present invention, absorber 24 can be the T font substantially, and wherein a horizontal stroke of " T " is roughly corresponding to Attacking Midfielder's section 12 of absorbent article, to improve performance, particularly for the male baby.In the embodiment of drawing, for example absorber 24 is about 18cm at the transverse width across goods Attacking Midfielder section 12, and interlude 16 is the about 7.5cm of width of narrow part, and the width at low back section 14 places is about 11.4cm.

The size of absorber 24 and absorptive capacity should be complementary with the size of expection wearer and the liquid load that the absorbent article intended purpose is applied.Have, the size of absorber 24 and absorptive capacity can be different again, so that contain the wearer from the baby to the adult.In addition, also find, by the present invention, the density of absorber 24 and/or quantitatively can be different.In particular aspects of the present invention, the absorptive capacity of absorber 24 is at least about the synthetic urine of 300g.

In absorber 24 comprised hydrophilic fibers and embodiment that the high-hydroscopicity granule combines, hydrophilic fibers and high-hydroscopicity granule can be configured as between about 400～900g/m ²Be fit to do the quantitatively average of absorber 24.Aspect some, the average composite quantitative of this kind absorber 24 is between about 500～800g/m of the present invention ²Scope, preferred about 550～750g/m ², so that the performance of requirement is provided.

For the various not isostructures of giving absorbent article of the present invention provide the gauge of requirement, absorber 24 can be made has the bulk thickness that is no more than about 0.6cm.Preferred bulk thickness is no more than about 0.53cm, more preferably no more than about 0.5cm, to improve performance.Bulk thickness is measured under 0.2psi (1.38kPa) confining pressure.

High absorbency material can be selected from the natural polymer and the material of natural material, synthetic material and modification.High absorbency material can be an inorganic material, for example silica gel, or organic compound, for example crosslinked polymer.Term " crosslinked " is meant and anyly will be generally that water miscible material changes effectively that water does not dissolve into but the method for swellable.These methods for example comprise physics interlacing (entanglement), crystallized domains, covalent bond, ionic complex and association, hydrophilic association, for example hydrogen bond, and even hydrophobic association or Van der Waals force.

The example of synthetic polymer high absorbency material comprises the alkali metal and the alkali salt of poly-(acrylic acid) and poly-(methacrylic acid), the copolymer of poly-(acrylamide), poly-(vinyl ethers), maleic anhydride and vinyl ethers and alpha-olefin, poly-(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly-(vinyl morpholone), poly-(vinyl alcohol), and their mixture and copolymer.Other polymer that are suitable for absorbent cores comprise natural and modified natural polymers, for example acrylonitrile-the graft starch of hydrolysis, acrylic acid grafted starch, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and natural gum, for example alginate, xanthan gum, locust bean gum etc.Mixture natural and synthetic water absorbent polymer wholly or in part also can be used among the present invention.

High absorbency material can be taked any for use in the middle of varied geometric format.Say that generally high absorbency material is preferably the discrete particle form.Yet high absorbency material also can be taked shapes such as fiber, thin slice, bar-shaped, spherical, needle-like.Generally speaking, the amount of high absorbency material in absorber is between about 1～about 90 weight %, preferably at least about 30 weight %, more preferably at least about 50 weight % (gross weight with absorber 24 is a benchmark).For example, in a kind of specific embodiment, absorber 24 can comprise a kind of lamination thing, and it comprises at least about 50 weight %, preferably at least about 70 weight % high absorbency materials, the equipment that is fit to be used for high absorbency material is remained on regional area by fibre web or other is wrapped in.

The example that is suitable for high absorbency material of the present invention is SANWET IM 3900 polymer, and by Hoechst Celanese supply, general headquarters are located at the Portsmouth in Virginia.Other suitable superabsorbents can comprise FAVOR SXM 880 polymer, and by the Stokhausen supply, general headquarters are located at north card Greensboro.

Optionally can adopt a kind of hydrophilic substantially parcel thin paper (not shown) to help keep the structural integrity of absorber 24.The parcel thin paper is wrapped at least 2 main surfaces of absorber, and by the water-absorption fiber cellulosic material, for example wrinkle liner or high wet strength napkin constitute.In one aspect of the invention, thin paper wraps up its configuration and wants to provide and can make liquid along comprising the rapid dispersive wicking layer of the whole absorber that absorbs fiber.

Material in the absorber 24 also can be made the structure that the higher level breathability is arranged in the time of providing hygrometric state.For example, in case absorber 24 can comprise run into can impel after humidity or the moist steam absorber 24 or at least its part along the x-y plane, promptly vertically and/or the material of cross-direction shrinkage.Term as used herein " vertically " is meant in the absorber material manufacture process direction that moves, and term " laterally " is meant perpendicular to direction longitudinally.This kind is collapsible absorber 24 or its at least a portion can be along the longitudinal or one of horizontal, perhaps preferably along the longitudinal and laterally both direction shrink, to improve performance.The contraction of absorber 24 or its at least a portion will reduce the contact area of absorber and goods rear panel and top flat, thereby more saturating vapour rear panel is exposed, to improve the ventilation of goods inside.

In a kind of specific embodiment, absorber 24 can comprise running into and causes that absorber 24 or its at least a portion are longitudinally and/or the material of cross-direction shrinkage after the moist steam.Control is suitable for suitably in the contraction of absorber 24 or its part, and desirable breathability increases so that hygrometric state to be provided.For improving performance, absorber 24 or its at least a portion are when typical internal relative humidity that the absorbent article that runs into such as baby diaper existed between the operating period, can be along the longitudinal or laterally shrink one of at least at least about 5%, preferably at least about 10%, more preferably at least about 30%, further preferably at least about 50%.For example, can be along the longitudinal during absorber 24 or its at least a portion are used or laterally one of at least shrink about 5～80%, preferred about 30～about 50%.

The collapsible absorbing material of this kind can be attached in the absorber 24 of different aspect of the present invention according to the suitable mode of various differences and go.For example, absorber 24 can comprise the layer of collapsible absorbing material, it be positioned at above traditional layers of absorbent material with holes or under, like this, in case run into moist steam, this collapsible absorbed layer will shrink, thereby expose the hole in the tradition stratum, the breathability when improving hygrometric state.In addition, absorber 24 can comprise and is divided into some segmental collapsible layers of absorbent material, so in case run into moist steam, these fragments will be shunk, thereby forms comparatively penetrating zone, to improve ventilation.Segmental layout will be done more detailed discussion below.

In another embodiment, absorber 24 can be made up of the collapsible absorbing material that comprises some high as described herein ventilating areas 42, in case run into moist steam, the size in these districts will increase, the remainder of absorber then shrinks, thereby further increases penetrating area and improve ventilation.In another embodiment, collapsible sheet of absorptive material can be mixed with traditional absorbent and be shaped, so in case run into moist steam, collapsible absorbent sheet will shrink, thereby cause penetrating zone in traditional absorbent structure.In another kind of scheme, absorber 24 is joint-cutting optionally, and be attached on the absorbent article in such a way, promptly in case run into moist steam, the contraction of absorber 24 will cause the joint-cutting broadening, thereby form bigger penetrating zone to improve ventilation, do not influence the overall dimensions of absorber 24 again substantially.

The raw material that is fit to be used to provide the collapsible absorbing material of this kind can comprise melt-blown material, moulding material, airlaid material, bonding-the carded Web materials, Hydroentangled material, spunbonded materials etc. altogether, and can comprise synthetic or natural fiber.

In a kind of specific embodiment, the collapsible absorbing material in the absorber 24 comprises the thermoplastic elastomer polymer fiber.The material that is suitable for preparing described thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber comprises diblock, three blocks or many blocks elastomer copolymer, olefin copolymer for example, comprise styrene-isoprene-phenylethene, s-B-S, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene, perhaps styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene can be buied by trade name KRATON elastomer resin by shell chemical company; Polyurethane comprises those that can be buied by trade name LYCRA polyurethane by E.I.Du Pont Company; Polyamide comprises polyether block amide, can be buied by trade name PEBAX polyether block amide by AtoChemical company; Polyester for example can be buied by trade name HYTREL polyester by E.I.Du Pont Company; And the polyolefin of unit point or metallocene catalyst, supply by trade name AFFINITY by Dow Chemical Company.

There are many block copolymers to can be used to preparation and are applicable to thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber of the present invention.This kind block copolymer generally comprises block part and thermoplasticity end of the chain part in the elastomer chain.The block copolymer that the present invention uses is being lower than end of the chain part glass transition temperature (T ₂) time has three-dimensional physics cross-linked structure and be the elastomer shape.Block copolymer from they can fusion, be shaped and solidify repeatedly for several times and the meaning that seldom or not changes (supposition oxidative degradation is few) on physical property is thermoplastic.A kind of synthetic method of this kind block copolymer is that thermoplasticity end of the chain block partly with in the elastomer chain is partly carried out polymerization respectively.In case in the chain and after end of the chain part makes respectively, they can be coupled together.Generally speaking, part can be by two in the chain-and three-unsaturated C ₄～C ₁₀Hydro carbons, diene for example, as butadiene, isoprene and so on, and triolefin, for example 1,3, the polyreaction of 5-heptantriene and so on is produced.When end of the chain block part A is connected with block part B in the chain, generate A-B block copolymer unit, this unit can be taked various technology or carry out coupling with various coupling agent C, thereby provide for example A-B-A structure, it is believed that it comprises 2 A-B blocks, according to tail to tail A-B-C-B-A be linked in sequence-rise.According to similar techniques, can be made into and have general formula (A-B) _nThe free radical block copolymer of C, wherein C is the multifunctional coupling agent in hinge or center, n is the numerical value greater than 2.Adopt the coupling agent technology, the number of the degree of functionality decision A-B side chain of C.

End of the chain block part A generally comprises poly-(vinyl-arene), and polystyrene for example, mean molecule quantity be between 1,000～60, and 000.Block part B generally comprises essentially amorphous polyolefin in the chain, for example polyisoprene, ethylene/propylene polymers, ethylene/butylene polymer, polybutadiene and analog thereof or its mixture, and mean molecule quantity is between about 5,000～about 450,000.The total molecular weight of block copolymer be suitable between about 10,000～about 500,000, more suitably between about 200,000～about 300,000.Any may be in the chain of block copolymer in the block part residual unsaturated part can accept selective hydration, make olefinic double bonds content in the block copolymer be reduced to residual ratio, preferably less than about 2% less than 5%.This kind hydrogenation often can reduce the sensitivity to oxidative degradation, and elastomeric properties is had favorable influence.

Be fit to block copolymer that the present invention uses and comprise block part at least 2 end of the chain block parts that mainly contain polystyrene and at least 1 chain that mainly contains ethylene/butylene.As an example, ethylene/butylene can account for the great majority of repetitive in this kind block copolymer generally speaking, for example can account for 70 weight % or higher of block copolymer.Block copolymer can have 3 or more a plurality of arm, and good result can obtain under the situation of for example 4,5 or 6 arms.Block part in this chain, the words that need can be carried out hydrogenation.Line-type block polymer, for example A-B-A, A-B-A-B-A are like that, are suitable for according to end of the chain block content and select, this respect, preferred big end of the chain block.Under the situation of polystyrene-ethylene/butylene-polystyrene block copolymer, styrene-content should be greater than about 10 weight %, for example between about 12～about 30 weight %.Under the styrene-content condition with higher, polystyrene end of the chain block part generally has than higher molecular weight.The commercially available product example of this kind line-type block polymer is a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, comprise about 13 weight % styrene units, all the other are the ethylene/butylene unit basically, and are commercially available by trade name KRATON G1657 elastomer resin by shell chemical company.The typical performance of KRATON G1657 it is reported and comprises: 3400 pounds/square inch (2 * 10 of tensile strength ⁶Kg/m ²); 300 percentage ratio modulus, 350 pounds/square inch (1.4 * 10 ⁵Kg/m ²); Extension at break, 750%; Xiao A hardness, 65; Brookfield viscosity is by the measured in solution of 25% concentration in the toluene under the room temperature, about 4200cp.Another kind of suitable elastomer, the styrene butadiene block copolymer of KRATONG2740 has been blending viscosifier and low density polyethylene (LDPE).

Other suitable elastomer polymer also can be used for preparing this thermoplastic elastic fiber.These include, but is not limited to elastomer (unit point or metallocene catalyst) polypropylene, polyethylene and other alpha-olefin homos and copolymer; Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; And the cardinal principle amorphous copolymer and the terpolymer of ethylene-propylene, butylene-propylene and ethylene-propylene-butylene.

The elastomer polymer of metallocene catalyst is newer, and is preferred at present.Preparing polyolefinic metallocene method adopts by promoter activatory (being ionizing) metalloscene catalyst.

Metalloscene catalyst comprises two (n-butyl cyclopentadienyl) titanium chloride, two (n-butyl cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, two (cyclopentadienyl group) dichloride scandium, two (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, two (methyl cyclopentadienyl) titanium chloride, two (methyl cyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride, cobaltocene, the cyclopentadienyl group titanous chloride., ferrocene, the dichloride hafnocene, isopropyl (cyclopentadienyl group-1-fluorenyl) zirconium dichloride, dichloride two luxuriant molybdenums, dicyclopentadienyl nickel, dichloride two luxuriant niobiums, ruthenocene, titanocene dichloride, the hydride of chlorination cobaltocene, zirconocene dichloride etc.Enumerating more completely of relevant this compounds is stated from United States Patent (USP) 5,374,696 (authorize people such as Rosen, and transfer Dow Chemical Company).This compounds also is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,064, in 802 (authorize people such as Stevens, equally also transfer Dow Chemical Company).

Metallocene technology, particularly its catalyst and catalyst support systems are the theme of many patents.United States Patent (USP) 4,542,199 (authorizing people such as Kaminsky), described a kind of method, wherein adopted the metalloscene catalyst of general formula (cyclopentadienyl group) 2MeRHal to prepare polyethylene, wherein Me is a transition metal, Hal is a halogen, and R is cyclopentadienyl group or C1～C6 alkyl group or halogen.United States Patent (USP) 5,189,192 (authorize people such as LaPointe, transfer Dow Chemical Company) have been described a kind of method for preparing the addition polymerization catalyst by the metal center Oxidation.United States Patent (USP) 5,352,749 (authorizing Exxon Chemical Patents Inc) are described a kind of monomer polymeric method in fluid bed.United States Patent (USP) 5,349,100 describe a kind of chiral metal cyclopentadinyl compound and utilize enantiomerism to have selecting property hydride to shift the preparation method that forms chiral centre.

Promoter is that this is the most frequently used such as MAO (MAO), and other alkyl aluminums and boron-containing compound, for example three (pentafluorophenyl group) boron, four (pentafluorophenyl group) boron lithium and four (pentafluorophenyl group) boron dimethyl puratized agricultural spray.The research of relevant other co-catalyst system, or in view of operation and problem such as product pollution few as far as possible with or without the research of the probability of alkyl aluminum also in continuation.Main points are that metalloscene catalyst is activated, and is dissociated into cationic form, so that react with treating polymerization single polymerization monomer.

Adopt the polymer of metalloscene catalyst preparation to have Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution." narrow molecular weight distribution polymer " is meant its molecular weight distribution less than about 3.5 polymer, and be as known in the art, and the molecular weight distribution of polymer is the ratio of the number-average molecular weight of the weight average molecular weight of polymer and polymer.The assay method of molecular weight distribution is described in " polymer science and engineering complete works ", and volume 3 is in pp.299～300 (1985).The polyolefinic example of Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution comprises the polyolefin of metallocene catalyst as described above, the polyolefin and the restrained catalytic polyolefin of geometry of single site catalysed.As known in the art, the restrained catalysis polyolefin of the polyolefin of metallocene catalyst and geometry is referred to as the dissimilar of single site catalysed polymer sometimes.Concerning the metallocene catalyst polymer, polydispersity (M _w/ M _n) be lower than 4, even to be lower than 2 all be possible.The polymer phase ratio of similar Z-N method preparation to other, this base polymer also have narrower short-chain branch and distribute.

When adopting the steroselectivity metalloscene catalyst, also can adopt the metallocene catalyst system isotacticity of controlling polymers quite strictly.In fact, produced isotacticity greater than 99% polymer.Adopt this system, also can produce the height syndiotactic polypropylene.

The control isotacticity also can make the polymer of generation comprise isotactic block and the atactic material block that is arranged alternately along the polymer chain total length.This kind structure makes polymer rely on its atactic part and obtains elasticity.The synthetic of relevant this kind polymer can be seen in " science " magazine, rolls up 267 (1995-01-13) p.191, in the article of K.B.Wagner.Wagner explains when the work of Coates and Waymouth is discussed, catalyst is vacillated between various stereochemical forms, thereby generate a kind of polymer chain, the continuous growth length at the three-dimensional center of isotaxy is wherein arranged, connecting the continuous growth length at atactic center.Isotaxy is occupied an leading position and can be reduced the elasticity generation.Geoffrey W.Coates and Robert M.Waymouth, in the article that is entitled as " the upright structure control of vacillating: the polyacrylic synthesis strategy of thermoplastic and high-elastic ", be stated from the 217th page of the same publication, their work has been discussed, wherein they adopt two (2-phenyl indenyl) zirconium dichlorides of metallocene in the presence of MAO (MAO), and by changing reactor pressure and temperature, making polymer is the form of vacillating between isotaxy and the atactic.

The commercial production of metallocene polymers is subjected to certain limitation, yet is still increasing.This kind polymer can be sold by trade name EXXPOL by exxon chemical company (Baytown, Texas), and this is a kind of polypropylene-based polymer, and EXACT is polyethylene-based polymer.The polymer of Dow Chemical Company (Midland, Michigan) commercial goods ENGAGE by name.This kind material it is believed that it is to adopt the production of non-stereoselective metalloscene catalyst.Exxon Corporation claims its metalloscene catalyst technology to be " unit point " catalyst usually, and Dow Chemical Company claims their catalyst for " geometry is restrained ", commodity are called INSIGHT, so that many reaction site differences of they and traditional Ziegler-Natta catalyst are come.Other manufacturers, for example FinaOil, BASF, Amoco, Hoechst and Mobil in positive input, it is believed that this technology of coming decade will have tremendous growth in this field.

About elastomer polymer based on metallocene, United States Patent (USP) 5,204,429 (authorizing people such as Kaminsky), described a kind of method that can be produced elastocopolymer by cyclic olefin and linear alpha-olefins, the catalyst that is adopted is upright structure rigid chiral metallocene transition metal chemical compound and aikyiaiurnirsoxan beta.Polyreaction is carried out in atent solvent, for example aliphatic series and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene.This reaction also can be carried out in gas phase, utilizes and treats that polymerization single polymerization monomer is as solvent.United States Patent (USP) 5,278,272 and 5,272,236 (the two all authorizes people such as Lai, transfers Dow Chemical Company) are entitled as " olefin polymer of high resiliency, substantial linear ", describe a kind of polymer with special elastomeric property.Dow Chemical Company also commercial production the elastomer polyolefin series that a kind of commodity are called ENGAGE.

The elastomer fiber can be basic continuous filament yarn or staple length form, but preferably successive substantially.Basic continuous filament yarn shows the better hold facility to cellulose fiber peacekeeping superabsorbent material, therefore can provide than the better liquid distribution of short fiber.The elastomer fiber can adopt spun-bond process, meltblown or other suitable method production.The average diameter of elastomer fiber can be between about 1～75 μ m, and preferred about 1～40 μ m is more preferably from about between 1～30 μ m.

The thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber can be circular, but also can have other section geometric, for example ellipse, rectangle, triangle or leafy shape.The thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber can be wettable.This thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber can be by at first making the thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber, applies the Hydrophilic Surface Treatment agent then on fiber and change into wettable.

In addition, the thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber can become wettability by add hydrophilic component in spinning forward direction polymer.Generally speaking, any can with the polymerization of thermoplastic and high-elastic component, can make the copolymer material hydrophiling of acquisition, thereby it is become wettable polymers compositions, as long as its elastomeric property to prepared fiber do not influence substantially, all be suitable for the present invention.Be suitable for hydrophilic component of the present invention and include, but is not limited to poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, so various commercially available hydrophilic surfactant.

In another embodiment, the thermoplastic and high-elastic fiber can be bi-component or two composition long filament, and wherein one of polymers compositions is hydrophilic or is converted into hydrophilic.A typical embodiments is to have hydrophilic core, and surrounded the core-skin bicomponent filament of hydrophilic skin.Other additives, for example pigment also can be included in the elastomer long filament.

If absorber 24 is elastomer polymer fiber, high water-absorption fiber and other fibers optionally, combination as cellulose fibre, elastomer polymer fiber and high water-absorption fiber be shared percentage rate in absorber 24, decide on the characteristic that absorber 24 is required, can in wide range, change.For example, absorber 24 can comprise about 3～about 95 weight %, preferred about 5～about 65 weight %, more preferably from about 5～about 50 weight % elastomer polymer fibers (dry weight in absorber 24 is a benchmark).This kind combination of elastomer polymer fiber and high water-absorption fiber can be by any method manufacturing well known by persons skilled in the art.

In the embodiment in the elastomer polymer fiber is dispersed in whole absorber 24, absorber 24 can take common forming process to be shaped, and distributes more uniformly in absorber 24 to reach the elastomer polymer fiber.This kind preparation of moulding material altogether generally is described in United States Patent (USP) 4,100,324 (authorize people such as Anderson, 1978-07-11 is open); United States Patent (USP) 4,604,313 is authorized people such as McFarland, and 1986-08-05 delivers; And United States Patent (USP) 5,350,624 (1994-09-27 is open); All receive for referencial use at this.In general, so common shaping layer comprises elastomer polymer fiber and other fibers, as the air-flow shaping substrate of cellulose or high water-absorption fiber.The absorber that is shaped altogether is at first to form at least 1 strand of primary air that contains the elastomer polymer fiber, the secondary air of this primary air and at least 1 strand of other fiber merging subsequently.Main and secondary air converges under turbulent-flow conditions, merges stream thereby form one, comprises the body that distributes fully, uniformly of different fibers.Merge air-flow and be directed on the profiled surface, thereby air-flow is configured as a material layer.So, also can form one or more these kinds shaping layer altogether in succession, thereby a kind of continuous fibre web of the absorbing material that is shaped altogether is provided.This method also can be used to fragment or part separately is provided, and they can mix with traditional absorbent core and be shaped then.

In a kind of specific embodiment, the absorber 24 of absorbent article of the present invention or its at least a portion, comprise the common shaping absorbent that elastomer polymer fiber and high water-absorption fiber are formed, wherein the weight ratio of elastomer and high water-absorption fiber is between about 3/97～about 95/5.For example, absorber 24 or its at least a portion can comprise the high water-absorption fiber of about 80 weight %TechnicalAbsorbents companies with trade name OASIS 101 supplies, and about 20 weight % shell chemical companies are with the elastomer polymer fiber of trade name KRATON G2740 supply.This kind absorbent composite that is shaped altogether demonstrates at least when it runs into 60% relative humidity, the highest longitudinally with cross-direction shrinkage 50%, thereby provide 75% surface area to reduce.

It is believed that why above-mentioned material shrinks, and reason is the alteration of form of fibrous absorbent material.At first, these absorbent are long cylinder (fiber) shapes, in case run into moist steam, these fibers just are shrunk to sphere, thereby cause the contraction of system.It is to be noted that host material (front is called the elastomer resin) provides the resistance that shrinks, and, can change shrinkage degree by the appropriate material of selecting.Elastomeric polymer shrinks especially easily, because the resistance of this kind contractility is less.The contraction of system can be passed through selection, property of raw material and the fibre web of raw material (host material and fibrous absorber) and form change.

In another embodiment, the contraction of absorber 24 is by humidity, rather than moist steam is brought out.Acquisition is the polymeric matrix of employing to water sensitive itself to a kind of method of the collapsible absorber material of moisture sensitivity.Such material comprises aforesaid polymeric matrix, and high-absorbent material, as superabsorbent particles or fiber.There is varied moisture sensitivity polymer can supply to select for use.Suitable polymers is in the desired moisture level level and will takes place to be changed by the configuration of extended chain to helical molecule.This kind effect can optionally further be strengthened, and promptly by suitable process technology polymer chain is orientated along required direction, and forms this shrink-down material by changing degree of crystallinity.Improve processing aid and other additive of polymer, also can optionally use the moisture-responsive behavior.Also can adopt the crosslinked best of breed that reaches between moisture-responsive behavior and the mechanical performance of polymer.

Have varied polymer to show the behavior of this kind moisture-sensitive, and those skilled in the art are also very familiar.The examples of polymers that is fit to this kind purpose is polyacrylic acid and the copolymer thereof that various different degree of neutralization are arranged.Other spendable moisture sensitivity polymer comprise natural polymer synthetic and natural polymer and modification.These examples of material comprise following polymer of monomers and copolymer: the polyvinyl alcohol of various different degree of hydrolysis, polyacrylonitrile and copolymer thereof; Polymethylacrylic acid, Hdyrophilic polyurethane and poly(ethylene oxide).Spendable natural polymer and modified natural polymers comprise hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum and modification guar gum, based on polymer and the chitosan and the modification chitosan of modified starch.The blend of these polymer also can use.Be fit to this kind polymer scale be incorporated into the mode of going in the absorber 24 of different schemes of the present invention have varied, as the top collapsible absorbing material that shrinks when running into moist steam is described.

In a kind of specific embodiment, absorber 24 can comprise moist steam sensitivity discussed above and two kinds of materials of moisture sensitivity, to improve performance.

The hold facility of property next to the shin that this kind is collapsible when absorber 24 also can improve hygrometric state is because it can alleviate absorber 24 saggings that traditional absorbent core shows and sink.

Breathability when improving hygrometric state, the material that constitutes absorber 24 can be made the structure that high swelling ratio is arranged along the z-direction or the thickness of absorber 24, so that more penetrating loose structure is provided after drenching.An example of this kind material is wet-formed composite, as be described in same assignee's the U.S. Patent application that is entitled as " the wet-formed composite that forms potential hole and macropore ", submit people (lawyer's office's document number, 15 such as signature Edens to, 126), for referencial use in these receipts.Say that generally wet-formed composite comprises: superabsorbent material is inclusive in the inter-adhesive fiber, thereby surrounds inner cavity or macropore between fiber.Term as used herein " wet-formed ", " wet method laying net " and so on are meant that its manufacturing process comprises the composite that fiber dispersion is formed slurry in liquid dispersion medium.Again slurry is deposited on the profiled surface, by discharging disperse medium and be configured as this composite to small part.Those skilled in the art are familiar with this kind method.

During dry state, wet-formed composite has the fluidic pore structure of fast Absorption.When wet-formed composite is got wet, this wet end branch of composite, the superabsorbent material of particularly drenching is with swelling and distending, and this causes the expansion of inner cavity or macropore again.This kind expansion has increased the inner cavity volume, and the result has increased the breathability of composite.That part of structure of not drenched, promptly the fluid forward position and more than, still remain on its not expanded form, therefore still keeping absorbing the ability of liquid with higher rate.So the drying nest of wet-formed composite plays fluid is drawn onto constantly away from the effect in this wet-formed composite zone of drainage point at first.

The fiber and the superabsorbent material that are applicable to wet-formed composite are the materials that absorber 24 is closed in top making.The superabsorbent material that exists in the wet-formed composite can be in disperse medium swelling.Term as used herein " absorbing material (absorbent material) " will be considered to can be in disperse medium swollen material, promptly when this absorbing material disperses 1h in excessive disperse medium after, this absorber material can suck at least 20 times that are equivalent to himself weight, especially at least 50 times, more preferably at least 75 times, particularly at least 100 times, more especially at least 150 times or polydispersion medium more.

There is wide variety of materials to be suitable as disperse medium.The example of suitable disperse medium is water, other hydrous materials etc.Owing to be easy to get and economical and so on, water is preferred disperse medium.The suitable amount of fiber in disperse medium be between about 0.005～about 3.0 weight %, especially about 0.01～about 2.0 weight %, particularly about 0.01～about 1.0 weight % (is benchmark in fiber and disperse medium gross weight).Disperse medium can comprise field of papermaking other additives known to the skilled.Other suitable additives comprise (but being not limited to), binding agent, viscosity modifier, adhesive agent, wet strength additives, pH control additive, flocculating agent and so on be not as long as they have negative effect to the shaping and the serviceability of wet-formed composite.

The fiber content of dried wet-formed composite is greater than about 90 weight % (dry weight), especially greater than 95 weight % (dry weight), particularly greater than about 98 weight % (dry weight), but, be benchmark in fiber in the wet-formed composite and absorber material gross weight less than 100 weight % (dry weight).The content of superabsorbent material is less than about 10 weight % (dry weight), especially less than about 5 weight % (dry weight), particularly less than about 2 weight % (dry weight), but, be benchmark in fiber in the wet-formed composite and absorber material gross weight greater than 0 weight % (dry weight).The content of superabsorbent material should be chosen as and can make wet-formed composite have macropore, contain absorbed fluid and improve breathability helping, but significantly do not reduce production capacity because of must during drying from the swelling superabsorbent material, shifting out more water.

The forming process of wet-formed composite comprises: with fiber, fiber with disperse medium and in disperse medium the superabsorbent material of swellable lump together; For be provided between superabsorbent material and the disperse medium enough times of contact, so as wet-formed composite formed before superabsorbent material be able to swelling; Should be wet-formed composite formed; And wet-formed composite carried out drying, so that make superabsorbent material shrink certain degree, thereby form macropore in wet-formed composite inner.But wet-formed composite is densification also, so that macropore is shriveled, makes it to form potential hole or macropore in wet-formed composite.

Preferably superabsorbent material and fiber slurry are merged, make superabsorbent material before its drying, suck to be equivalent to himself weight at least about 20 times of disperse medium, especially at least about the disperse medium of 50 times of himself weight, more particularly at least about the disperse medium of 75 times of himself weight, particularly at least about the disperse medium of 100 times of himself weight, more especially at least about the disperse medium of 150 times of himself weight.Suitable is superabsorbent material is in the wet-formed degree of stipulating above swelling to before composite formed.Superabsorbent material joins in the fiber slurry, should make superabsorbent material distribute more equably with whole slurry before composite formed wet-formed.

Wet-formed composite quantitatively should be equal to or less than about 600g/m after dry ², especially be equal to or less than about 250g/m ², more preferably be equal to or less than about 150g/m ², particularly between about 150～250g/m ², suitable is, less than about 100g/m ², but greater than 40g/m ²Quantitative selection should provide acceptable serviceability to be as the criterion under the condition of given cost of material with composite.

If with exsiccant wet-formed composite densification, then composite can have about 0.1g/cm ³Or bigger density, especially about 0.12g/cm ³Or bigger, more particularly about 0.15g/cm ³Or bigger, particularly about 0.12～about 0.15g/cm ³, but less than about 0.3g/cm ³The selection of density should make the internal void structure of the wet-formed composite in dry back satisfy wicking, and the requirement that fluid is distributed along whole composite.The selection of density also should make dried wet-formed composite help to give its product soft and frivolous thickness.

Adopt as the collapsible absorbing material or the wet-formed absorb composite material of top defined and make absorber 24, can make absorbent article have bigger hygrometric state air charge rate.For example, the absorbent article that adopts this kind structure to make will have at least about 0.50, generally at least about 0.70, preferably at least about 0.80, more preferably at least about wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 0.90, to improve performance.The absorber of preferred different schemes of the present invention and the structure of goods have at least about 1.00 this absorbent article, generally at least about 1.05, preferably at least about wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 1.10.

The absorber 24 of different schemes of the present invention also can comprise a plurality of high ventilating areas, and they allow that air and steam swimmingly by absorber 24 and by saturating vapour rear panel 20, leave diaper 10 and enter into surrounding air.For example, as showing as the typical case among Fig. 1 and 2 that absorber 24 can comprise a plurality of air ducts 40, they provide high ventilating area 42 for absorber 24.In the embodiment of representing among the figure, part adjacent with air duct 40 in the absorber 24 provides high absorbing area 44.High ventilating area 42 aims to provide the maximum ventilation of absorber 24, and high absorbing area 44 then is intended to accept and keep most of bodily exudates.Absorber 24 can have the high ventilating area 42 that any number improves ventilation.Preferred absorber 24 is equal to or greater than 3, preferably is equal to or greater than 5 different high ventilating areas 42, to improve performance.

High ventilating area 42, for example as the air duct of showing as the typical case among Fig. 1 and 2 40, be configured to so that reduce the aquation of wearer skin between the operating period, not allow steaminess condensation (for example urine) on rear panel 20 surfaces that face clothes so as to improving the goods breathability.The clothes of wearer is drenched in this kind condensation meeting of steam on diaper 10 outer surfaces boringly.High ventilating area 42 is usually located to be convenient to air and steam and to see through absorber 24 from top flat 22, and sees through any other interposed layer or material layer, at last the diaper zone of leaving via saturating vapour rear panel 20.For example, high ventilating area 42 can spread all over absorber 24, perhaps is positioned at the zone of the absorber 24 that maximum ventilation can be provided selectively, for example interlude 16 places of diaper 20.In a kind of specific embodiment, high ventilating area 42 lays respectively at leading portion and interlude 12 and 16 of diaper 10, to improve ventilation.On the other hand, the effect of high absorbing area 44 does not lie in and allows air and steam shift from the inner outwards two-forty of diaper ground.Therefore, from the top flat 22 of diaper 10 to diaper rear panel 20 and enter into the ventilation of ambient atmosphere (diaper outside), normally realize passing absorber 24 via high ventilating area 42.Some ventilation of passing absorber 24 also may occur in high absorbing area 44 on limited extent.

High ventilating area can have in numerous shapes any, comprises rectangle, circle, hourglass shape, ellipse etc., also can comprise vertical or horizontal striped or a plurality of alternate zone of selection.For example, in Fig. 1 and 2, high ventilating area 42 is to be provided by a large amount of air ducts 40 or the circular perforation that is generally that connects absorber 24.In this kind structure, high absorbing area 44 comprises puncherless part on the absorber 24 between the air duct 40.

High ventilating area 42 can have the size of any requirement, as long as can improve ventilation effectively, prevents simultaneously that steaminess from passing and being agglomerated on rear panel 20 surfaces that face clothes from absorber 24.That preferred high ventilating area 42 can occupy is about 5～and about 75%, further preferred about 10～about 70% more preferably at least about 10%, the total surface area of the absorber 24 of 10～about 60% diaper 10 most preferably from about.For example, at the diaper that is used for the medium size baby, high ventilating area 42 can have about altogether 6～about 90cm ²Area.

When the gross area of high ventilating area 42 during greater than the numerical value stipulated above, diaper 10 can be presented on rear panel 20 outer surfaces that face clothes undesirable steam condensation number, thereby causes the comfortable wet sticking sensation of diaper outer surface.Yet when the gross area of high ventilating area 42 during less than above-mentioned numerical value, diaper 10 can show that the ventilation levels are low, thereby causes the height aquation of skin, and this will cause hard to bear skin irritation and erythra.

The high ventilating area 42 of the absorber 24 of diaper 10 shows typically that as Fig. 1 and 2 being made at least can be saturating to air, and preferably to steam also substantially can be saturating structure.For example, the Fu Leize porosity numerical value that the high ventilating area 42 of absorber 24 has exceeds at least about 10% than the Fu Leize porosity numerical value of absorber 24 high absorbing areas 44, more preferably at least about 20%, further preferably at least about 50%.Term as used herein " Fu Leize (Frazier) porosity " is meant the numerical value of determining by following described Fu Leize ferroxyl test.When high ventilating area showed less than the Fu Leize porosity numerical value that provides above, it is low that diaper 10 can show the ventilation level, thereby cause skin height aquation, and then cause hard to bear skin irritation and erythra.

High ventilating area can provide by various modes.Absorber 24 part of the whole that high ventilating area 42 can be an absorbent article perhaps can be provided by slit, through hole or open spaces in the absorber 24.For example, the part of absorber 24 can be incoherent or be removed, thereby this zone 42 is provided.In addition, high ventilating area 42 can be provided by absorber 24 parts that the material that absorbs less exudate in using constitutes, thereby causes air to improve via these parts are mobile.For example, the part of absorber 24 can not contain high-absorbent material or compare the high-absorbent material that contains much less with absorber 24 other parts, improves so that this kind air flow property to be provided.A kind of solution be handled or be coated with to the part of absorber 24 can by other mode, and it is hydrophobic that it can make these parts become, thereby provide high ventilating area along the zone of selecting.In the another kind structure, high ventilating area 42 is to form like this: cause hole or hole in absorber 24, then in these holes or the hole place put the other materials that breathability is higher than absorber 24, be described to be applicable to those materials that increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly below for example.

In Fig. 1～6, the example of several structures of the different schemes absorber 24 of the present invention that draws typically.For example, in Fig. 1 and 2, the high ventilating area 42 in the absorber 24 is provided by the air duct or the perforation of a large amount of perforation absorbers 24.In the embodiment of drawing, air duct 40 is distributing by spells along the whole length and the width of absorber 24.The air duct 40 that draws is the diameter of circular and the 1.27cm that has an appointment, and its total open area accounts for about 12% of absorber 24 total surface areas.

In Fig. 3 and 4, absorber 24 is taked the form of discrete fragment 46, and these fragments separate a determining deviation along vertical 36 of diaper 10.In this kind structure, high ventilating area 42 is provided by the gap between absorber 24 each discrete segments 46.Absorber 24 can comprise the discrete segments 46 of various difformities of any number and size.For example, in the embodiment of drawing, absorber 24 comprises 4 different discrete segments 46, and they separate a determining deviation along vertical 36 of diaper 10.Discrete segments 46 among the figure is roughly rectangle, and its width is less than the width of absorber 2, and the latter's width in the embodiment of drawing, is limited by the following width that increases liquid measure key-course 34 and ventilating layer 32 suddenly that will describe.In addition, discrete segments 46 can be substantially equal to the width of absorber 24.For helping each discrete segments 46 to keep a determining deviation to each other, discrete segments 46 can be clamped between 2 sheet material, for example the integument (not shown) or increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and ventilating layer 32 between.In the embodiment of drawing, discrete segments 46 comprises the high-absorbent material applications as laminates that is clipped between 2 or the layer material, and by the high ventilating area 42 that gap between each discrete segments 46 provides, then defines the total open area that accounts for absorber 24 total surface areas about 40%.

In Fig. 5 and 6, the high ventilating area 42 in the absorber 24 is provided by the air duct 40 or the slit of many perforation absorbers 24, is similar to embodiment represented among Fig. 1 and 2.Yet in the embodiment that Fig. 5 and 6 draws, the air duct 40 in the absorber 24 only is positioned at absorber 24 at the Attacking Midfielder's section 12 of diaper 10 and the position of interlude 16, and does not have in low back section 14.And, in the embodiment that Fig. 5 and 6 draws, absorber 24 comprises upper strata 48 and lower floor 50, and upper strata 48 only extends to the part of absorber 24 length, in this kind structure, the major part of absorber 24 can be positioned at Attacking Midfielder's section and interlude 12 and 16 of diaper 10, to improve absorption and to reduce cost.The air duct 40 that draws has the diameter of about 1.27cm for circular, and total open area accounts for about 12% of absorber 24 total surface areas.

Owing to comprise high-absorbent material in the very thin absorber in addition 24 of absorber 24, therefore, absorber 24 liquid own suck speed may be slow excessively, perhaps may repeatedly be not enough to lastingly to absorber 24 discharge opeings.Suck speed and ventilation for improving whole liquid, the diaper of different aspect of the present invention also can comprise by increasing the porous liquid-permeable layer 34 that the liquid measure control material constitutes suddenly, represent typically as Fig. 1 and 2.Suddenly it is lower than the hydrophilic of absorber 24 usually to increase liquid measure key-course 34, but plays rapid collection and temporarily hold the operational densities level that increases liquid measure suddenly and quantitatively, and liquid is shifted and all discharges other parts of giving absorber 24 basically from initial inlet point.Being configured with like this helps to prevent that liquid from converging in absorbs on medicated clothing and that part of surface that the wearer skin position contacts, alleviates wearer's damp thus.Suddenly increase the ventilation that the structure of liquid measure key-course 34 also can improve diaper 10 usually.

There are various fabric and non-weaving cloth to can be used to make and increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly.For example, increasing liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly can be by melting and spraying or spunbond fibre web that synthetic fibers such as polyolefine fiber constitute.Suddenly increasing liquid measure key-course 34 can also be natural and the bonded carded web or the air-laid fibre web of synthetic fibers formation.Bonded carded web for example is to adopt low melting point binder fibre, powder and the adherent heat bonding fibre web of adhesive agent.This fibre web also can optionally comprise mixture of different fibers.Suddenly increasing liquid measure key-course 34 can be made of basic hydrophobic material, and this hydrophobic material is optionally handled with surfactant or processing by other means, gives the wettability and the hydrophilic that require degree.In a kind of specific embodiment, increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and comprise a kind of hydrophobic non-woven fabric material, quantitatively between about 30～about 120g/m ²

For example, in a kind of specific embodiment, increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and can comprise the bonded carded web non-weaving cloth that comprises bicomponent fibre, it is total quantitatively to be about 83g/m ²The liquid measure key-course 34 that increases suddenly in this kind structure can be the even blend of being made up of between the one pack system polyester fiber of about 3.8～about 5.08cm polyethylene/polyester (PE/PET) sheath/core bicomponent fiber and the about 6d of about 40 weight % filament deniers, the fibre length of the about 3d of about 60 weight % filament deniers.

In the embodiment of drawing, increase suddenly liquid measure key-course 34 be arranged to be in directly with absorber 24 contact, the form of fluid communication.Suddenly increase liquid measure key-course 34 and adhere to style by tradition, for example web-like adheres to style, but is connected on the top flat 22 with mode of operation.In addition, but increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and adhere to style by tradition again and be connected on the absorber 24 with mode of operation.The adhesive agent applied amounts should be enough to provide and requires the bonding of degree but should hang down to be enough to avoid undue confined liquid to see through from top flat 22 to increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly, enter moving of absorber 24 again.

Absorber 24 is arranged to and increases liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly be in the fluid communication mode, so that accept from increasing liquid and maintenance and the storage liquid that the liquid measure key-course discharges suddenly.In the embodiment of drawing, increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and comprise an independent layer, be arranged in another above individual course that comprises absorber 24, thereby form a kind of double-deck layout.Suddenly the effect that increases liquid measure key-course 34 is to collect rapidly and temporary transient maintenance discharge opeing, this liquid is gone to other parts that increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly from initial contact point transfer and with liquid dispersion, then this liquid all is discharged into basically in one or more layers that contain absorber 24.

Suddenly increasing liquid measure key-course 34 can be any required form.Suitable shape comprises, for example circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezoidal, Long Circle, Os Canitis shape, hourglass shape or ellipse.In certain embodiments, for example increase the liquid measure key-course suddenly and can be roughly rectangle.In the embodiment of drawing, increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and extend jointly with absorber 24.In addition, increasing liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly can only extend along the part of absorber 24.Suddenly increasing under the situation that liquid measure key-course 34 only extends along the part of absorber 24, increasing liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and optionally be positioned at any position along absorber 24.For example, increase liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly and when its deflection medicated clothing Attacking Midfielder section 12 is placed, can bring into play higher effect.Suddenly increasing liquid measure key-course 34 also can be around absorber 24 vertical centrage symmetric arrangement.

Other are applicable to that the material that increases liquid measure key-course 34 suddenly is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,486,166, and 1996-01-23 (signing people such as C.Ellis) is entitled as on " the fibrous nonwoven web peak layer of personal care absorbent articles and so on usefulness "; United States Patent (USP) 5,490,846,1996-02-13, people such as signature Ellis etc. is entitled as " personal care absorbent articles and so on usefulness increase suddenly liquid measure key-course fibrous nonwoven web "; And United States Patent (USP) 5,364,382,1994-11-15 people such as (signature) Latimer is entitled as " absorbing structure that the rapid increment control of fluid improves with and products thereof ", and above disclosure is all received for referencial use.

As what draw in Fig. 1 and 2 as the typical case, diaper 10 also can comprise ventilating layer 32, between rear panel 20 and absorber 24.Ventilating layer 32 is used for promoting air in diaper 10 internal flows and pass its motion, and prevents surperficial contacting the surface between at least a portion of rear panel 20 and absorber 24.Especially ventilating layer 32 plays a kind of conduit effect, air and steam can by it from absorber 24 see through steam thoroughly rear panel 20 move.

Be described as being fit to increase suddenly the material of liquid measure key-course 34 above ventilating layer 32 can adopt, for example non-weaving cloth (for example spunbond, melt and spray or combing), woven or knitting fibre web are made of natural fiber and/or synthetic polymeric fibers.Suitable fiber for example comprises acrylic fiber (acrylon), polyolefine fiber, polyester fiber or its blend.Ventilating layer 32 also can be made by perforated foams, for example open-cell polyolefins foam plastics, reticulated polyurethane foam etc.Ventilating layer 32 can comprise the homogenous material layer, perhaps two or the composite of various material layers.In a kind of specific embodiment, ventilating layer 32 comprises hydrophobic non-woven fabric material, and thickness equals to measure under 0.05psi (0.34kPa) condition at confining pressure at least about 0.10cm, quantitatively between about 20～about 120g/m ²For example, ventilating layer 32 can comprise the bonded carded web non-weaving cloth that comprises bicomponent fibre, and it is total quantitatively to be about 83g/m ²The even blend that Gou Zao ventilating layer 32 can be about 6 by polyethylene/polyester (PE/PET) sheath/core bicomponent fiber of about 60 weight % filament deniers about 3 and about 40 weight % filament deniers like this, fibre length is formed between the one pack system polyester fiber of about 3.8～about 5.08cm.

Ventilating layer 32 can be the shape of any requirement.Suitable shape comprises, for example circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezoidal, Long Circle, Os Canitis shape, hourglass shape or ellipse.In certain embodiments, ventilating layer 32 may extend into and exceeds, covers fully or part covers absorber 24.For example, ventilating layer 32 is advisable with the interlude 16 that is positioned at diaper 10, and is symmetrically arranged around the longitudinal centre line 36 of diaper 10.Usually be preferably, whole absorber 24 overlaps each other with ventilating layer 32, can prevent surface the contacting the surface between rear panel 20 and the absorber 24 basically.In the embodiment of drawing, ventilating layer 32 extends jointly with absorber 24.This makes air be exchanged to greatest extent, significantly reduces the dewfall on rear panel 20 surfaces that face clothes.

In the embodiment of drawing, ventilating layer 32 is arranged to be in directly with absorber 24 and contacts, the fluid communication mode.Ventilating layer 32 can adhere to style by tradition, for example adheres to style, is operably connected on the rear panel 20.In addition, ventilating layer 32 is operably connected on the absorber 24 by tradition adhesion style again.The adhesive application amount should be enough to provide and requires the bonding of degree but should hang down to be enough to avoid undue limit air and steam from absorber 24 and pass the motion of rear panel 20.

Ventilating layer 32 also can be used to collect the discharge opeing of also temporarily holding through absorber 24 rapidly, particularly sees through via high ventilating area 42 in the absorber 24.Subsequently, ventilating layer 32 can shift this liquid again from initial contact point, and liquid is spread out into other parts of ventilating layer 32, then, this liquid all is discharged in one or more layers that contain absorber 24 basically.

Different embodiments of the present invention as being illustrated in as the typical case in Fig. 1～6, can advantageously provide a kind of improvement absorbent article, compares it with conventional absorbent article and shows the advantage that the wearer skin degree of hydration alleviates greatly in the use.The alleviating of skin hydration degree impelled skin dryer and comfortableer, the less microbial growth that becomes.Therefore, reduced skin hydration by the wearer of the absorbent article of manufacturing of the present invention, thus the alleviation that causes skin irritation and erythra to take place.

Test method

Hydrostatic test

Hydrostatic test is to measure material liquid barrier performance.Generally say, before the water of hydrostatic test mensuration scheduled volume sees through, the water-column that material supported (centimetre).The ability that higher lower its barrier liquid of material of material specific head value of head value permeates is bigger.Hydrostatic test is carried out according to the method 5514 of federal test standard 191A.

The Fu Leize ferroxyl test

The porosity of Fu Leize described in this description numerical value can adopt the method 5450 of Frazier permeability tester (Fu Leize precision instrument company, Gaithersburg, Maryland) and federal test standard 191A to determine.Be the object of the invention, test adopts the sample that is of a size of 0.2032 meter * 0.2032 meter (8 inches * 8 inches) to carry out.

Steam sees through test

The suitable determination techniques of the WVTR of material (steam permeating rate) value is as described below.Be purpose of the present invention, from test material and control material Celguard ^Cut 3-inch diameter (76mm) circular sample in 2500 (the HoechsCelanese companies).Every kind of material preparation 2 or 3 samples.The test glass of test usefulness is that cast aluminium, flanged pin, 0.05 meter (2 inches) are dark and be furnished with mechanical seal and nonprene washer.Cup is pressed trade name vaporimeter cup #681 exclusive distribution by Thwing-Albert instrument company (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).In each vaporimeter cup, pour the 100mL distilled water into, and each sample of test material and control material is placed on the open face of each glass.Screw threaded-on flange so that form sealing, wherein reserve the correlation test material of 62mm diameter circular area or control material and make it to be exposed to that (open exposed area is about 30cm in the surrounding air along the cup edge ²).Then, cup is placed on the plate through weighing, and places in the forced ventilation baking oven that is set in 100 (38 ℃).Baking oven is a constant temperature oven, has the extraneous air blood circulation of the itself of flowing through, to prevent that the water steam is at inner accumulation.Suitable forced ventilation baking oven for example is Blue Power-O-Matic 60 baking ovens, is sold by Blue M electric corporation (Blue Island, Illinois).After 24 hours, from baking oven, take out cup and weigh.Be calculated as follows " testing the WVTR value at first ":

Test weightless gram number during WVTR=[(24 hour) * 7571]/24 (g/m ²/ 24 hours)

Relative humidity in the baking oven is specially control not.Under one group of rated condition, promptly 100 (38 ℃) and envionmental humidity are measured the WVTR that obtains Celguard 2500 and are equaled 5000g/m ²/ 24 hours.In view of the above, with Celguard 2500 in contrast sample test with every kind of test specimen.Celguard 2500 is 0.0025cm thick film, is made of capillary polypropylene.The skin hydration test

Skin Hydration value is definite by measuring evapo tranpiration dehydration (EL), can adopt following test procedure to determine.

Test is to carry out at the baby through the part toilet training, and testing in preceding 2 hours on their skin does not have lotion application or ointment, does not also have a bath.Each baby tests a diaper in every kind of experimental series.The diaper of reception test all is composed of pilot code and to code in the same old way.To test diaper (pilot code and to code) in the same old way blending at random.

Each test diaper is forward and backwardly all weighed in test, to determine to join the amount of liquid in the diaper.Mark " X " with the target area of felt point in diaper, be somebody's turn to do " X " apart from 0.165 meter of diaper front uppermost edge (6.5 inches), and left-right symmetric.Adopt atmidoscope, for example Evaporimeter EP1 instrument (Servomed AB sells, Stockholm, Sweden) is measured EL (evaporation water loss).Each test determination continues 2 minutes, gets an EWL (120 EWL values altogether) therebetween each second.Numeral output by Evaporimeter EP1 instrument provides evaporation water loss speed (EWL), and unit is g/m ²/ hour.Skin Hydration value (SHV) is that per unit is measured dehydration total amount on the area between 2 minutes sampling dates, is calculated as follows.

SHV (g / m^{2} / hour) = \frac{Σ_{n = 1}^{120} {(EWL)}_{n}}{120}

15 minutes " airing " measures initial Skin Hydration value after the time, the baby only wears that a long T-sympathizes or one-piece dress and be in supine position during the airing.Measured value is taken from baby's hypogastric region, corresponding to the diaper target area, adopts atmidoscope, to determine the initial slaking velue of diaper target region infant skin.If initial SHV is less than 10g/m ²/ h just begins to put on diaper to the baby.If initial SHV is greater than 10g/m ²/ h then prolongs " airing " time, is lower than 10g/m until the reading that obtains ²Till/the h.Diaper was put a pipe on one's body before the baby is fixing, be used for directly facing toward the target area discharge opeing of labelling in advance.After diaper fixes, divide 3 times, each 70mL is adjusted to the saline invasion and attack of 0.9 weight % by the speed of 15mL/ second with 210mL altogether, between each invasion and attack 45 seconds at interval.

The baby has on diaper and reaches 60 minutes, takes off diaper then, and the Skin Hydration value at the mensuration hypogastric region place corresponding with diaper target area labelling.Measure and continue 2 minutes.Take by weighing exhausted diaper weight.Measure before the skin hydration, can measure the relative humidity and the temperature of diaper inside.Next day, each baby adopts the diaper (test or in the same old way) of the sort of type that this baby do not wear as yet, repeats to implement above-mentioned test procedure.Contrast diaper sample provides a kind of benchmark that is used for diaper configurations serviceability more to be measured and to be assessed.Used contrast diaper sample is commercially available product HUGGIES in the test of relevant embodiment ^The Supreme diaper is sold by Kimberly-Clark company.

Any baby, if add oneself (urine) again on above-mentioned saline solution invasion and attack basis, then corresponding data cancels.The average clean SHV (g/m that provides ²/ h) be that whole babies wear the Skin Hydration value of obtaining from hypogastric region (target area labelling) behind the diaper, deduct diaper be put into the baby on one's body before (through " airing " after the time) later arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of Skin Hydration value of measuring from hypogastric region.

Clean Skin Hydration value is pressed following formula and is determined:

Clean SHV _i=Y-Z

Wherein,

The Skin Hydration value that Y=baby individuality is measured in the target area mark

The Z=diaper is put into the background Skin Hydration value that the baby measures from hypogastric region after the time through " airing " before on one's body

SHV _iThe Skin Hydration value of=certain baby's individuality

So,

Average clean

Wherein: N=participates in baby's number of test

Skin hydration alleviates percentage rate and determines by following formula:

Wherein,

The clean SHV of C=contrast code diaper _i

The clean SHV of D=pilot code diaper _i

N=participates in baby's number of test

The search gas test

The search gas test is the measurement of the interior air charge rate of the medicated clothing of absorbent article and so on, and it is a kind of steady flow/steady state test, roughly is described in the TAPPI magazine, volume 80, and 1997-09, the 9th is interim.Generally speaking, the air charge rate value is to calculate according to the mass exchange of measuring in the medicated clothing.This test relates to when being worn over goods on body model's trunk, in the absorbent article near body model's trunk outer surface, injects search gas with constant rate of speed.Meanwhile, by extracting sample out and measure between goods and the body model concentration of search gas in the air of space to inject identical constant rate of speed.So,, determine ventilation (rate) according to the mass balance between search gas and the air in the space of being studied.The concrete implementation detail of search gas test is as follows:

Equipment

1. body model-this test is to adopt the diaper of No. 3 or No. 4 sizes to carry out, and they are that baby for about 12.7 kilograms of the about respectively 7.26-of body weight (about 16～about 28 pounds) and about 9.98-16.78 kilogram (about 22～about 37 pounds) designs.Diaper is placed on the following body model of size:

No. 3

(from waist to knee joint) 26cm highly

Waistline 42cm

Hip circumference 44cm

Thigh girth 22cm

No. 4

(from waist to knee joint) 28cm highly

Waistline 48cm

Hip circumference 51cm

Thigh girth 27cm

2. the environment of pilot region is controlled at 20 ℃ and 50% relative humidity.

3. gas analyzer for CO2 one infrared carbon dioxide analyzer, for example model 17515A is sold address 4483 McGrath Street#102, Ventura, California by Vacu-Med Vacumetrics company.

4. the rotometer of rotometer-certain flow rate of gas of maintenance, for example Matheson Rotameter model TS-35 is sold address 3496 Peachtree Parkway, Suwanee, Georgia by southeast special gas company.

5. the steel cylinder of the medical grade gas of gas bomb-2 demarcation, pressure 4kPa is sold address 3496 Peachtree Parkway, Suwanee, Georgia by southeast special gas company.Search gas comprises 5% carbon dioxide and air; Marked gas is 100% air.

Program

1. open gas analyzer for CO2.Open after 30 minutes, demarcate analyser, and regulate flow controller to reach 150cm with marked gas ³/ flow rate minute by analyser.

2. diaper to be measured is put on the body model.

3. open the carbon dioxide search gas.Be injected into must equal the to flow through sample flow rate (150cc/ minute) of gas analyzer for CO2 of the search gas flow velocity in the space between diaper and the body model.

4. once continued to measure and write down in 20 minutes the concentration (C) of the interior search gas (carbon dioxide) of air space between diaper and the body model in per 10 seconds altogether.Data during back 10 minutes are averaged, and are used to calculate air charge rate by following formula:

Air charge rate=150cc/min*[(C _T-C)/(C-C _o)]

Wherein,

C _T=trace gas concentration (5%)

The concentration of C=search gas in detected space

C _oThe concentration (0.04%) of=search gas in environmental chamber

Dried air charge rate is the air charge rate of determining by above program before diaper is not subjected to any invasion and attack as yet.Wet air charge rate is the air charge rate of determining by above program, different is, after diaper is fixed on the body model, divide 3 times, each 70mL, speed by 15mL/s is attacked this diaper with the saline that 180mL (No. 3) or 210mL (No. 4) are adjusted to 0.9 weight %, and the interval is 45 seconds between each invasion and attack.Wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio is by the wet air charge rate of same sample is determined divided by dried air charge rate.

White mycocandida bacterium survival test

White mycocandida bacterium survival test is to measure disposable diaper and so on to absorb medicated clothing to pathogenic microorganism, the influence of particularly white mycocandida bacterium survival.Generally say, white mycocandida bacterium survival test, be included in the suspended substance of each known white mycocandida of inoculation on each frame site on the palm one side forearm of subjects, on these sites, cover and take from the through thickness sample strip that absorbs medicated clothing, measure viability after 24 hours.

Cut the through thickness coupons of the about 5cm of length, the about 5cm of width from the target area of each goods to be measured.Target area normally goods is prepared for accepting part from the wearer urine, generally comprises interlude and goods cross central line Attacking Midfielder's section part more forward of goods.In typical diaper configurations, the through thickness coupons comprises top flat, absorber, rear panel and possible interlayer.About 15mL 0.9 weight % saline solution is added on the print, and waits it and soaked 2 minutes, sample is put on the forearm of subjects again, about 6.15cm draws on each subjects palm one side forearm ²Zone, test position.Approximately 0.01mL 0.9 weight % comprises the saline solution of the known suspension of white mycocandida cell, delivers to the test position by micropipette, subsequently with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.After air-dry, on the test position, cover sample strip, stick with glue band then and coupons is fixed on certain position around the sample looping.

After 24 hours, take off coupons, and the method for utilizing detergent to clean obtains the quantitative culture thing from the test position, this method can be referring to " quantitative study of dermatophytosis ", P.Williamson and A.M.Klingman, dermatitis research (Journal ofInvestigative dermatology) ", 45:498～503,1965, receive its disclosure for referencial use at this.Come to the point, can cover 6.15cm ²The sterilization glass cylinder of area covers on test center, position, and is tight against skin.The buffer that 1mL 0.1 weight %Triton-x-100 is dissolved in 0.075M phosphate, pH7.9 is joined in the glass infuser by pipette, should clean 1 minute with sterilization Teflon rod in the zone.With the sterilization pipette fluid is siphoned away, in glass infuser, add the buffer that the 2nd 1mL 0.1 weight %Triton-x-100 is dissolved in 0.075M phosphate, pH7.9 then.Repeat above-mentioned scouring step and 2 times washings are combined.Every part of sample of collecting carries out the serial dilution step by 10 times of dilution ratios with the buffer that 0.05 weight %Triton-x-100 is dissolved in 0.0375M phosphate, pH7.9.The 0.01mL aliquot of every kind of diluent is inoculated into Sabourand to be contained on the antibiotics agar.Duplicate this culture of preparation and room temperature incubation 48 hours.

Behind the incubation, adopt standard microorganism method number to go out to generate the quantity of bacterium colony Dan Yuan, then, can compare with the white mycocandida bacterium viability below the coupons and to the mycocandida bacterium viability in the same old way, the latter takes from conventional absorbent article, have air-locked external coating, promptly WVTR is less than 100g/m ²The external coating of/24h, for example following Comparative Examples 4 described diapers.

Skin temperature test

The skin temperature value can adopt following test procedure to determine.This test is carried out on the exposed forearm of adult, and do not baptize on skin agent, powder and ointment do not have dermatosis yet.This object is in preceding 2 hours of test and duration of test was not had a bath, swimming, smoking, temper or drank caffeine.Each object is tested the based article of 2 diapers in each experimental series.The test diaper is composed of pilot code and to code, for example code that marks in the same old way in Comparative Examples 6.To test diaper (pilot code and to code) in the same old way blending at random, they are No. 3 size diapers, promptly are used for body weight 7.26-12.7 kilogram (16～28 pounds) baby's diaper.

Each is tested, and diaper use is forward and backward all weighs, to determine to enter into the amount of liquid in the diaper.With the square frame labelling that marks 0.0254 meter * 0.0254 meter (1 inch * 1 inch) outside pen is in the target area of diaper, square frame is centered close to diaper edge 0.1524 meter (6.0 inches) and left-right symmetric foremost.Temperature and humidity adopts temperature sensor measurement, the thermocouple probe of for example a kind of gold-plated disc sensor of 10-kt with the polyvinyl chloride insulation body and so on, sell by trade name P-08506-80 by Cole-Parmer (general headquarters are located at Vernon Hills, Illinois), be connected to Digi-Sense ^On the temperature/humidity data looger, sell by trade name 910990-00 type by Cole-Parmer (general headquarters are located at Vernon Hills, Illinois).Thermocouple probe is corrected to consistent with the built-in probe of demarcating in advance (3700-52) of this data looger.Skin temperature is measured and is carried out continuously, and per minute is measured once.

After the arrival, every bit test object keeps 15 minutes equilibration time in the controlled environment of 40% relative humidity and 71.Each forearm is fixed a last temperature sensor, big mid point between wrist and elbow.The lead-in wire of pick off is placed towards ancon, uses belt, and for example the Steri-Strip suture zone (0.006 meter * 0.038 meter (0.25 inch * 1.5 inches)) of 3M company manufacturing is fixed on above the pick off, and with another section belt sensor lead is fixed.The background skin temperature is not have diaper to be fixed under the situation of forearm that (5 minutes total minutes) records during 5 minutes.

Then, the sample diaper is fixed on the forearm separately of each subjects, makes that 0.0254 meter * 0.0254 meter (1 inch * 1 inch) target area on the diaper covers above the temperature sensor.Diaper is fixed to before the subjects forearm gets on, and a fluid ejection nozzle that equilibrates to room temperature is put into above the temperature sensor in each diaper, discharges so that liquid is aimed in advance the target area of labelling.Utilize one the upper and lower two parts of diaper are fixed together but do not contact the covering fastener band of wearer skin, make each diaper can self not splice, but be fixed in the target area.With stretch knit (stockinet) tie-down members (Glenwood company provides) of commercially available No. 3 sizes round whole diaper and forearm tighten.In case after the diaper arrangement is firm, in 5 minutes, note dried diaper skin temperature.

Then, divide 3 times, each 60mL attacks with the saline that 180mL is adjusted to 0.9 weight % by the speed of 15mL/s, and the interval is 45 seconds between each invasion and attack.From each diaper, take out liquid ejection nozzle.Then, subjects has on diaper again and kept 120 minutes, therebetween skin temperature reading of per minute record.Then, take off diaper and weighing.

The skin temperature value that provides is the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of measuring with all subjects in particular moment at every kind of sample of duration of test.Then, moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio just can by dress wet sample after 120 minutes (130 minutes total testing times) skin temperature value divided by dress dry-eye disease after 5 minutes (total testing time 10 minutes) skin temperature value determine.

Providing the following examples aims to provide the more deep understanding of details of the present invention.Concrete material and parameter are not intended the scope of the invention is made concrete qualification only as an example.

The specific embodiment

Embodiment

Example 1

Make and test the HUGGIES described in rough structure such as the Comparative Examples 2 by hand ^The disposable diaper of No. 3 diapers of Supreme.This example diaper and Supreme diaper are roughly the same, the rear panel of different is diaper, absorbent core, increase liquid measure key-course and lower limb mouth elastic webbing suddenly and have made and change or revise, and increased ventilating layer between rear panel and absorbent core.

In this test diaper, rear panel comprises the superimposed material of microporous membrane/non-weaving cloth, comprises the lamination thing of spunbonded nonwoven cloth material and microporous membrane.Spun-bonded non-woven comprises the long filament that about 1.8 dawn are extruded by the copolymer of ethylene and about 3.5 weight % propylene, quantitatively is about 20g/m ²Thin film comprises the compound cast film with calcium carbonate granule, quantitative about 58g/m before stretching ²Thin film stretches and annealing through preheating, and the result forms micropore, is laminated to then on the spunbonded nonwoven cloth material.The quantitative of the material that is mainly microporous membrane/non-weaving cloth applications as laminates that forms is 45g/m ², steam permeating rate is about 4000g/m ²/ 24h.The example of this kind film/nonwoven cloth catalysis material is described in greater detail in Application No. 08/882,712 (1997-06-25 submissions, people such as signature McCormack), be entitled as " low thickness thin film and film/nonwoven cloth applications as laminates ", above disclosure is collected herein by reference in the lump.

The absorbent core of test in the diaper is bilayer getter, its rough structure as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, different is that this absorber does not all connect whole eight layers hole or slit.Absorbent core comprises the upper and lower, and it extends to the place of about absorbent core length overall 2/3 at the middle and upper levels from the leading edge of absorbent core.Absorbent core comprises about 10～about 11g wood pulp cellulose and about 10～about 11g superabsorbent material, therefore, comprises about 50 weight % wood pulp celluloses and about 50 weight % superabsorbent material.Quantitative about 230g/m of lower floor ²The quantitatively about 560g/m in upper strata ², the leading portion of core is total as a result quantitatively is about 790g/m ²The back segment of core is 230g/m ²In addition, absorbent core is at the about 6.35cm of the width of crotch portion.

Suddenly increase the liquid measure key-course between absorbent core and top flat, the peak layer in the Supreme diaper of describing in it and the Comparative Examples 2 is basic identical, and different is to change into absorbent core extending jointly.This diaper also comprises the ventilating layer between absorbent core and diaper rear panel.Ventilating layer is by constituting with peak layer identical materials, and also is to extend jointly with absorbent core.This diaper also comprises the lower limb mouth elastic webbing assembly that extends along each vertical lateral margin length of diaper about 2/3.This assembly has 6 elastic material lines, is laminated on the breathability nonwoven layer.Elastica is by LYCRA ^Elastomer constitutes, and comes into line along the longitudinal length of diaper, make diaper the elastification of lower limb mouth band and can be shirred.

There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 2

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 1 by hand.This diaper basically with example 1 in identical, different is that absorber is revised, and as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, comprises into many through holes in upper and lower ply zone.The diameter in hole equals 1.27cm, is benchmark thereby provide in the absorber total surface area, about 12% uncovered area.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 3

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, the ventilating layer that different is between absorber and the rear panel has been removed.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 4

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, the aperture that different is in the absorber is 2.54cm, constitutes the uncovered area that accounts for absorber total surface area about 12%.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 5

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, different is that stratified absorber changes not stratified absorber into, comprises about 62 weight % wood pulp celluloses and about 38 weight % superabsorbents, leading portion is quantitatively for the about 850g/m of about 750- ², back segment quantitatively is about 375～about 425g/m ²There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 6

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, different is that double-deck absorbent core changes another kind of lamination thing into, comprises about 80 weight % by the superabsorbent material of Stockhausen with trade name FAVOR SXM 880 supply, the outside is coating quantitatively about 26g/m ²The cellulose fibre tissue layers.Absorber also comprises the open-work of diameter 1.27cm, thereby the uncovered area that accounts for absorber total surface area about 12% is provided.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 7

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, different is that absorber changes another kind of lamination thing into, comprises about 80 weight % by the superabsorbent material of Stockhausen with trade name FAVOR SXM 880 supply, the outside is coating quantitatively about 26g/m ²The cellulose fibre tissue layers, this lamination thing divides 4 sections formations, as Fig. 3 and 4 expressions, the result forms the uncovered area account for absorber total surface area about 40%.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Example 8

Made and tested the identical disposable diaper of general structure and example 2 by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, rear panel that different is is modified as has about 1870g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Comparative Examples 1

No. 3 identical disposable diapers of diaper of general structure and example 2 described Supreme have been made and have tested by hand.This diaper basically with example 2 in identical, different is that rear panel changes steam permeating rate into less than 100g/m ²/ hour 25.4 * 10 ^-6Rice (1 mil) thick polyethylene film material.There are 4 diaper samples to accept search gas test defined above.The result is provided in the table below in 1.

Comparative Examples 2

General structure and Kimberly-Clark company have been tested by trade name HUGGIES ^The Supreme3 number identical disposable diaper of commercially available diaper.

Come to the point, the absorbent core of Supreme diaper comprises: the mixture of wood pulp cellulose and superabsorbent material, coated outside 2 cellulose coated papers, and the quantitative of paper is about 16～21g/m ²Absorbent core comprises about 12.5～13.5g air-laid wood pulp cellulose and about 7.0～about 8.5g superabsorbent material.Superabsorbent material is sold by trade name FAVOR SXM880 by Stockhausen.Superabsorbent material mixes equably with pulp fibers, becomes density between 0.25～0.35g/cm ³Unified layer.The homogeneous mixture of superabsorbent material and wood pulp cellulose subregion is along the longitudinal arranged, thereby about 600～about 700g/m is provided ²Quantitative leading portion absorbent core.Provide about 300～about 350g/m at back segment ²Quantitative absorbent core.

This Supreme diaper also comprises a kind of compound rear panel, comprises the steam permeability barrier layer, is laminated into by adhesive agent (to call " SMS " in the following text) on spunbond/meltblown/spunbonded laminate.The quantitative of this SMS material is about 27g/m ²This steam permeability barrier layer is made of polyolefin film, thickness about 17.78 * 10 ^-6Rice (0.7 mil), quantitatively about 19.5g/m ²This polyolefin film material system is commercially available by trade name EXXAIRE by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.This steam permeability barrier layer is adhered on the SMS lamination thing, between absorbent core and rear panel SMS laminate.The steam permeating rate of rear panel is about 1500g/m ²/ 24 hours.Absorbent core is clipped in rear panel and quantitative about 17g/m ²The top flat that constitutes of the spunbond fibre web of polypropylene fibre between.Between top flat and absorbent core, clip and increase the liquid measure key-course suddenly, constitute by bonded carded web.This increases the liquid measure layer suddenly and comprises bicomponent fibre, total quantitatively about 83g/m ²Suddenly increasing the liquid measure layer is to be equaled polyethylene/polyester (PE/PET) sheath/core bicomponent fiber of about 3 by about 60 weight % filament deniers, and, fibre length about 6 with about 40 weight % filament deniers formed jointly between the one pack system polyester fiber of about 3.8～about 5.08cm.Suddenly the width that increases the liquid measure layer is about 10.2cm, the about 16.5cm of length.Suddenly the leading edge that increases the liquid measure layer is from absorbent core leading edge 5.1cm.

This Supreme diaper also comprises one pack system elasticized waistband and the waist catch assembly that is assembled in each vertical end limit of diaper.This assembly has many velamens and presss from both sides into and be laminated in elastic material line between polymer film layer and the nonwoven layer.Thin polymer film is 1.9 * 10 ⁵Rice (0.00075 inch) is thick, is made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and ultra-low density polyethylene blend.Nonwoven layer is by 20g/m ²Polypropylene spun-bonded fibre web constitutes.Elastica is by about 8～16 LYCRA that come into line along the diaper section ^The elastomer line constitutes, and makes that the catch elastification of diaper waist and belt inboard and energy are shirred.The Supreme diaper also comprises the vertical retaining liquid side that extends along the diaper total length, and the elastification lower limb mouth band that extends along each vertical side of diaper.Elastica in lower limb mouth band and the retaining liquid side is by the LYCRA that comes into line along the diaper longitudinal length ^Elastomer constitutes, and makes that lower limb mouth band and the side elastification of retaining liquid and energy are shirred.

Table 1

The on average wet air charge rate of average dried air charge rate wets/dried ratio

(cm ³/ minute) (cm ³/ minute)

Example 1 822 224 0.27

Example 2 794 310 0.39

Example 3 679 220 0.32

Example 4 1,050 360 0.34

Example 5 758 190 0.25

Example 6 724 240 0.33

Example 7 677 153 0.23

Example 8 495 316 0.63

Comparative Examples 1 51 110 2.16

Comparative Examples 2 513 171 0.33

The result of the test of example 1～8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shows, compares with conventional diaper by the diaper of manufacturing of the present invention, generally in dry state and hygrometric state ventilation improvement is arranged all.

Example 9

Make by hand and according to skin hydration test method(s) defined above, tested 4 general structures and the identical diaper sample of diaper described in the example 2.This diaper and example 2 diapers are basic identical, and different is that this diaper is similar to No. 4 size diapers of commercially available product dimensionally, and absorber is the identical monolayer of thickness everywhere, and its penetration hole diameter equals 2.54cm.The mean skin slaking velue of diaper is 8.1g/m ²/ hour.The result is provided in the table below in 2 in the lump.

Example 10

Make by hand and according to skin hydration test method(s) defined above, tested 4 general structures and the identical diaper sample of diaper described in the example 6.This diaper and example 6 diapers are basic identical, and different is that this diaper is similar to No. 4 size diapers of commercially available product, quantitative about 560g/m of absorber dimensionally ², its penetration hole diameter equals 2.54cm.The mean skin slaking velue of diaper is 2.8g/m ²/ hour.The result also is provided in the table below in 2 in the lump.

Example 11

Make by hand and according to skin hydration test method(s) defined above, tested 4 general structures and the identical diaper sample of diaper described in the example 7.This diaper and example 7 diapers are basic identical, and different is that this diaper is similar to No. 4 size diapers of commercially available product dimensionally.The mean skin slaking velue of diaper is 1.6g/m ²/ hour.The result also is provided in the table below in 2 in the lump.

Comparative Examples 3

General structure and Kimberly-Clark company have been tested by trade name HUGGIES ^No. 4 identical disposable diapers of commercially available diaper of Supreme.In fact, No. 3 size Supreme diapers described in No. 4 size Supreme diapers and the top Comparative Examples 2 are close, and the size of different is this material is bigger.

There are 4 diaper samples to accept skin hydration body test defined above.This diaper shows 19.3g/m ²/ hour the mean skin slaking velue.The result also is provided in the table below in 2 in the lump.

Table 2

Skin Hydration value (g/m ²/ h)

Example 9 8.1

Example 10 2.8

Example 11 1.6

Comparative Examples 3 19.3

The result of the test of example 9～11 and Comparative Examples 3 shows, compares the remarkable improvement that shows the Skin Hydration value aspect with conventional diaper by the diaper of manufacturing of the present invention.Specifically, diaper of the present invention shows 58～92% minimizing aspect Skin Hydration value.Be expected on the Skin Hydration value certain minimizing should be arranged although consider in the diaper increase of ventilation volume, the amplitude that reduces is then unexpected really.

Example 12

Made and tested the identical diaper sample of general structure and Comparative Examples 2 by hand.This diaper is identical with Comparative Examples 2 diapers basically, and rear panel that different is is revised as has about 3000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate.This diaper is accepted white mycocandida bacterium survival test defined above.The sample of example 12 and Comparative Examples 4 (in the same old way) is placed on each the palm one side forearm of 7 subjects and tests.Approximately 0.01mL comprises white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm and generates the 0.9 weight % saline solution that unit is 5.71 suspended substance, is delivered to the test position by micropipette, then, with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.The sample diaper of this example shows that 1.96 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithms generate the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of unit.Therefore, and (Comparative Examples 4) in the same old way compared, the diaper of this example shows 26% white mycocandida bacterium survival rate reduction value.

Example 13

Made and test the identical diaper sample of general structure and example 2, different is that rear panel has about 5000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate.This diaper is accepted white mycocandida bacterium survival test defined above.The sample of example 13 and Comparative Examples 4 (in the same old way) is placed on each the palm one side forearm of 7 subjects and tests.Approximately 0.01mL comprises white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm and generates the 0.9 weight % saline solution that unit is 5.71 suspended substance, is delivered to the test position by micropipette, then, with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.Expecting that the sample diaper of this example will show is lower than 1.75 probably, may be lower than the average white mycocandida survival rate that 1.50 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithms generate unit.Therefore, and the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of (Comparative Examples 4) is in the same old way compared, it is about probably 34% to expect that the diaper of this example will show, white mycocandida bacterium survival rate reduction value that may about 43%.

Comparative Examples 4

Made and tested the identical diaper sample of general structure and Comparative Examples 2 by hand.This diaper and Comparative Examples 2 diapers are basic identical, and different is that rear panel changes 1.0 mil thick steam permeating rates into less than 100g/m ²/ 24 hours polyethylene film material.This diaper is placed on each the inboard forearm of palm of 7 subjects by top regulation and carries out white mycocandida bacterium survival test.Approximately 0.01mL comprises white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm and generates the 0.9 weight % saline solution that unit is 5.71 suspended substance, is delivered to the test position by micropipette, then, with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.The sample diaper of this example shows that 2.65 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithms generate the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of unit.

Example 14

The identical diaper sample of general structure and example 13 has been made and tested to machine.Specifically, the rear panel of this diaper has about 5000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate.This diaper is accepted white mycocandida survival test defined above.The sample of example 14 and Comparative Examples 5 (in the same old way) is placed on each the palm one side forearm of 12 subjects and tests.Approximately 0.01mL comprises white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm and generates the 0.9 weight % saline solution that unit is 4.92 suspended substance, is delivered to the test position by micropipette, then, with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.The sample diaper of this example shows that 1.26 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithms generate the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of unit.Therefore, and the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of (Comparative Examples 5) is in the same old way compared, the diaper of this example shows 61% white mycocandida survival rate reduction value.

Comparative Examples 5

The identical diaper sample of general structure and Comparative Examples 4 has been made and tested to machine.Specifically, the rear panel of this diaper comprises that 1.0 mil thick, steam permeating rate are less than 100g/m ²/ 24 hours polyethylene film material.This diaper is placed on each the inboard forearm of palm of 12 subjects by top regulation and carries out white mycocandida bacterium survival test.Approximately 0.01mL comprises white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithm and generates the 0.9 weight % saline solution that unit is 4.92 suspended substance, is delivered to the test position by micropipette, then, with suspended substance along test position uniform distribution.This routine sample diaper shows that 3.26 white mycocandida bacterium colony logarithms generate the average white mycocandida bacterium survival rate of unit.

Example 12 and 14 result of the test and show that from the expected results of example 13 compare with the result of the test of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 with traditional absorbent diaper by the diaper of manufacturing of the present invention, the incidence rate that is presented at microbial survival and infected by microbes reduces.Obviously, the minimizing of this kind microbial survival is owing to alleviating of occlusion of skin realized, the diaper breathability realizes under dry state and the hygrometric state and the latter is by improving.

Example 15

Made the identical diaper sample of general structure and Comparative Examples 2, different is that rear panel has about 5000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate.This diaper is accepted skin temperature test defined above.Sample is placed on each one of the inboard forearm of palm of 11 subjects and tests.Result of the test is shown in Fig. 7.The sample diaper of this example has moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio of 0.970.

Comparative Examples 6

Made the identical diaper sample of general structure and Comparative Examples 2.This diaper and Comparative Examples 2 diapers are basic identical, and different is that rear panel changes 1.0 mil thick steam permeating rates into less than 100g/m ²/ 24 hours polyethylene film material.This diaper carries out skin temperature test by top regulation.Sample is placed on each one of the inboard forearm of palm of 11 subjects and tests.Result of the test is shown in Fig. 7.The sample diaper of this example has moist skin temperature/dry skin temperature ratio of 1.014.

The result of the test of example 15 (as shown in Figure 7) shows, compares with the result of the test of Comparative Examples 6 with traditional absorbent diaper by the diaper of manufacturing of the present invention, can keep comparatively constant, lower skin temperature when hygrometric state.It is believed that comparatively constant, lower skin temperature is because alleviating of occlusion of skin reaches during this kind hygrometric state, the diaper breathability realizes under dry state and the hygrometric state and the latter is by improving.In addition, as shown in Figure 7, can keep the wearer identical hygrometric state skin temperature of skin temperature when not wearing diaper basically by the diaper of manufacturing of the present invention.

Through top to after the comparatively detailed description of the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand easily, still can make various variation and modification under the premise without departing from the spirit of the present invention.All such changes and modifications are regarded as falling within the scope of the invention of claims qualification without exception.

Claims

1. a disposable absorbent article comprises absorber, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section, and with described forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another, wherein said absorbent article calculates according to " search gas test method(s) ", defines the 190cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

2. the absorbent article of claim 1, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 200cm ³/ minute.

3. the absorbent article of claim 1, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 225cm ³/ minute.

4. the absorbent article of claim 1, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 250cm ³/ minute.

5. the absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), the definition 525cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

6. the absorbent article of claim 2, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), the definition 575cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

7. the absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

8. the absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

9. the absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 12g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

10. disposable absorbent article comprises absorber, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with described forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another, wherein said absorbent article calculates according to " search gas test method(s) ", the definition 525cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute dried air charge rate and at least about wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 0.20.

11. the absorbent article of claim 10, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), defines the 190cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

12. the absorbent article of claim 10, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test, is at least about 225cm ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

13. the absorbent article of claim 10, the described dried air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 575cm ³/ minute.

14. the absorbent article of claim 10, the described dried air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 625cm ³/ minute.

15. the absorbent article of claim 10, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 0.23.

16. the absorbent article of claim 10, the described dried air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 625cm ³/ minute, and the described wet air charge rate of described absorbent article/dried air charge rate ratio is at least about 0.23.

17. the absorbent article of claim 10, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

18. the absorbent article of claim 10, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

19. the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

20. a disposable absorbent article comprises:

A) steam permeability rear panel is pressed the steam permeating rate test method(s) and is calculated, and defines the 1000g/m that has an appointment at least ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate;

B) top flat of liquid thoroughly, this top flat become with described rear panel in the face of the relation location; And

C) absorber, between described rear panel and described top flat, wherein said absorbent article calculates by search gas test method(s) described herein, defines the 190cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

21. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said steam permeability rear panel is liquid-tight basically.

22. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said steam permeability rear panel is calculated by the hydrostatic test method, and the structure that can provide at least about 60cm hydraulic head value is provided.

23. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said steam permeability rear panel is calculated by the hydrostatic test method, and the structure that can provide at least about 80cm hydraulic head value is provided.

24. the absorbent article of claim 20, the described steam permeating rate of wherein said steam permeability rear panel calculates by described steam permeating rate test method(s), is at least about 1500g/m ²/ 24 hours.

25. the absorbent article of claim 20, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 225cm ³/ minute.

26. the absorbent article of claim 20, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 250cm ³/ minute.

27. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), defines the 525cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

28. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test and is calculated, and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

29. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

30. the absorbent article of claim 20, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 12g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

31. the absorbent article of claim 20, the described wet air charge rate of wherein said absorbent article/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 0.20.

32. a disposable absorbent article, it comprises absorber, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with described forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another, wherein said absorbent article calculates according to the skin hydration test method(s), and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

33. the absorbent article of claim 32, the described Skin Hydration value of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described skin hydration test method(s), less than about 15g/m ²/ hour.

34. the absorbent article of claim 32, the described Skin Hydration value of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described skin hydration test method(s), less than about 12g/m ²/ hour.

35. the absorbent article of claim 32, the described Skin Hydration value of wherein said absorbent article calculates by described skin hydration test method(s), less than about 10g/m ²/ hour.

36. the absorbent article of claim 32, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the search gas test method(s) and is calculated, and defines the 525cm that has an appointment at least ³/ minute dried air charge rate and at least about 190cm ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

37. disposable absorbent article, it comprises absorber, Attacking Midfielder's section, low back section and with described forward and backward waist section interlude connected to one another, wherein said absorbent article calculates according to track gas test method, have an appointment at least wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio of 0.50 of definition.

38. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 0.70.

39. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 0.80.

40. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 0.90.

41. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 1.00.

42. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 190cm ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

43. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 200cm ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

44. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 225cm ³/ minute wet air charge rate.

45. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 200cm ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

46. the absorbent article of claim 39, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 200cm ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

47. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

48. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

49. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 12g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

50. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 10g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

51. the absorbent article of claim 37, wherein said goods comprise:

A) steam permeability rear panel is pressed the steam permeating rate test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has at least about 1000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate;

C) absorber is between described rear panel and described top flat.

52. the absorbent article of claim 51, the described steam permeable speed of wherein said steam permeability rear panel is calculated by described steam permeating rate test method(s), is at least about 1500g/m ²/ 24 hours.

53. the absorbent article of claim 51 also comprises the ventilating layer between described rear panel and described absorber.

54. the absorbent article of claim 53, wherein said ventilating layer comprises hydrophobic non-woven fabric material, and its thickness is at least about 0.10cm, quantitatively between about 20～about 120g/m ²Between.

55. the absorbent article of claim 53 also comprises increase the liquid measure key-course suddenly between described top flat and described absorber, the wherein said liquid measure key-course that increases suddenly comprises non-woven fabric material, and it is quantitatively between about 30～about 120g/m ²Between.

56. a disposable absorbent article comprises:

A) steam permeability rear panel is pressed the steam permeating rate test and is calculated, and definition has at least about 1000g/m ²/ 24 hours steam permeating rate;

C) absorber, between described rear panel and described top flat, wherein said absorbent article calculates by search gas test method(s) described herein, and definition has the wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio at least about 1.00.

57. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 1.05.

58. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said wet air charge rate/dried air charge rate ratio calculates by described search gas test method(s), is at least about 1.10.

59. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 200cm ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

60. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 225cm ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

61. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article calculates by described search gas test method(s), and definition has at least about 250cm ³/ minute dried air charge rate.

62. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 18g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

63. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 15g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

64. the absorbent article of claim 56, wherein said absorbent article is pressed the skin hydration test method(s) and is calculated, and definition has less than about 12g/m ²/ hour Skin Hydration value.

65. the absorbent article of claim 56, the described steam permeating rate of wherein said steam permeability rear panel calculates by described steam permeating rate test method(s), is at least about 1500g/m ²/ 24 hours.