CN115445565A - Copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- SCGJLFGXXZTXSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;ethanol Chemical compound [Cu].CCO SCGJLFGXXZTXSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 30
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- GZTBKEOTCAVWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L C(C)O.C(C)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C)O.C(C)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)(=O)[O-] GZTBKEOTCAVWNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 101100109406 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) aga-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWTXLMFPCZIOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)O Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].C(C)O MWTXLMFPCZIOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BBGVVPLPLBJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper ethanol dinitrate Chemical compound C(C)O.[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] BBGVVPLPLBJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGQXTTSVLMQFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxyacetyl nitrate Chemical compound CC(=O)OO[N+]([O-])=O VGQXTTSVLMQFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of volatile organic compound adsorption materials, wherein the copper-doped graphene aerogel comprises graphene aerogel and nano-copper loaded on the graphene aerogel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of volatile organic compound adsorption materials, in particular to copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a general term for volatile organic compounds having a melting point lower than room temperature and a boiling point between 50 and 260 ℃, and common VOCs include benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichloroethylene, and the like. VOCs are mainly from industrial production and social life. The largest amount of VOCs is produced by industries, such as pharmaceutical industry, petrochemical industry, printing industry, electronic industry, manufacturing industry, etc. with a large amount of VOCs. VOCs are toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive volatile organic compounds, are harmful to animals, plants and human beings, and bring certain potential safety hazards to enterprise production due to the flammable and explosive properties of VOCs.
Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in VOCs can generate a series of complex photochemical chain reactions under the action of sunlight ultraviolet rays, and ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, high-activity free radicals, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids and other secondary pollution can be generated in the reaction process. In addition, the high-activity free radicals and other intermediate products react with toluene, xylene and the like to generate organic aerosol and haze, so that the ecological environment is further damaged, and the human health is influenced. Therefore, the efficient treatment of the VOCs is particularly important, and among numerous VOCs treatment methods, the adsorption method has the advantages of low cost, wide application range, simplicity and convenience in use, no secondary pollution, recyclable adsorbent and the like, and is widely applied to the field of gas purification. As the core of adsorption technology, the development of high-performance gas adsorption materials has been a research focus in this field.
Although traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon and silica gel have large adsorption capacity for VOCs, the adsorption capacity of the materials in a humid environment is remarkably reduced, which is because the materials have poor hydrophobicity and thus competitive adsorption of water molecules. The graphene aerogel has surface functional groups which are easy to adjust, namely the surface wettability of the graphene aerogel is easy to adjust and control, so that the graphene aerogel can efficiently adsorb VOCs in a humid environment. However, the graphene aerogel has a small adsorption capacity for the VOCs because the specific surface area is not large enough, the pore size is large, and the adsorption for the VOCs is pure physical adsorption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the adsorption force of the graphene aerogel on the VOCs is weak.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the specific scheme that: a copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs comprises a graphene aerogel and nano-copper loaded on the graphene aerogel.
A preparation method of copper-doped graphene aerogel comprises the following steps: and cleaning and soaking the graphene hydrogel by using a copper salt ethanol aqueous solution, freezing and drying after the soaking is finished, carrying out pyrolysis roasting on the frozen and dried gel in an inert atmosphere, and finally carrying out activation roasting in an activation atmosphere containing carbon dioxide to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the activating atmosphere is pure carbon dioxide atmosphere.
As a further optimization of the above technical solution, the activating atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of carbon dioxide and inert gas, wherein the volume fraction of carbon dioxide is greater than 20%.
As a further optimization of the above technical solution, the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the pyrolysis roasting temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-10 h; the activating and roasting temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-5 h.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the copper salt in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is one of copper nitrate, copper acetate or copper sulfate.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the mass fraction of the copper salt in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is 0.5-5%, and the volume fraction of the ethanol in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is 10-20%.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the graphene hydrogel is washed by a copper salt ethanol aqueous solution for 5-15 times and is soaked for 12-36 hours, and then is subjected to freeze drying for 24-72 hours after the soaking is finished.
As a further optimization of the above technical solution, the graphene hydrogel is prepared by the following method: and ultrasonically dispersing graphene oxide in an aqueous solution to prepare a graphene oxide dispersion solution, adding a reducing agent, stirring, and carrying out heating reaction to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the reducing agent is one of ethylenediamine, ascorbic acid or hydrazine hydrate.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the graphene oxide is 0.5-2:1.
As further optimization of the technical scheme, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is 0.5-10g/L, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-90 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a modification method of graphene aerogel, which comprises the steps of impregnating graphene aerogel with copper salt, roasting the graphene aerogel for two sections to prepare copper-doped graphene aerogel, pyrolyzing the copper salt and CO 2 The activation process has combined action, so that the microporous structure of the graphene aerogel is greatly increased, and copper is introduced to serve as a chemical adsorption active center, so that the saturated adsorption capacity of the graphene aerogel is greatly increased.
The copper-doped graphene aerogel prepared by the invention is used as a three-dimensional porous aerogel material, has the advantages of small density, large specific surface area, high porosity, multiple microporous structures and the like, and has surface functional groups which are easy to adjust, namely the surface wettability of the graphene aerogel is easy to adjust and control, so that the graphene aerogel can efficiently adsorb VOCs in a humid environment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) 0.04g of graphene oxide is dispersed in 40mL of aqueous solution, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and placed in a tube furnace for calcination. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 30%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/AGA-1).
The specific surface area and the aperture of the Cu/AGA-1 are analyzed to obtain 524.9m 2 In terms of a/g, the mean pore diameter is 2.1nm.
Example 2
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper nitrate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper nitrate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and placed in a tube furnace for calcination. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 30%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/AGA-2).
The specific surface area and the aperture of the Cu/AGA-2 are analyzed to obtain 450.8m 2 In terms of/g, the mean pore diameter is 3.2nm.
Example 3
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper sulfate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of copper sulfate of 1% and the volume fraction of ethanol of 20%, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 30%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/AGA-3).
The specific surface area and the pore diameter of Cu/AGA-3 are analyzed to obtain the specific surface area of 413.2m 2 In terms of/g, the mean pore diameter is 3.4nm.
Example 4
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activated roasting, the temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the activated roasting atmosphere is carbon dioxide atmosphere. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/AGA-4).
The specific surface area and the pore diameter of the Cu/AGA-4 are analyzed to obtain the specific surface area of 518.9m 2 In terms of/g, the mean pore diameter is 2.5nm.
Example 5
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) 0.02g of graphene oxide is dispersed in 40mL of aqueous solution, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10min to obtain 0.5g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) And adding 0.04g of ethylenediamine into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ethylenediamine, placing the 10mL of ethylenediamine into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 15 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 10% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 12h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 36 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 30%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel Cu/AGA.
Example 6
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) 0.4g of graphene oxide is dispersed in 40mL of aqueous solution, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 90min to obtain 10g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.2g of hydrazine hydrate into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of hydrazine hydrate, placing the sample bottle into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 5 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of copper acetate being 5% and the volume fraction of ethanol being 15%, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and after the cleaning is finished, the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 36h by using the solution. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 24 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 450 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the roasting time is 1h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is nitrogen; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the roasting time is 1h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 20%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel Cu/AGA.
Example 7
A copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs and a preparation method thereof comprise the following specific steps:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The first stage roasting is pyrolysis roasting, the temperature is 150 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 10h, and the pyrolysis roasting atmosphere is argon; the second stage roasting is activating roasting, the temperature is 600 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 5h, and the activating roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and argon, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 20%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel Cu/AGA.
Comparative example 1
The copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/GA-1) which is not subjected to the second-stage roasting is used as a comparative example 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 10min and then replaced by a new solution, and soaking for 24h by using the solution after cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and placed in a tube furnace for calcination. The roasting temperature is 350 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 4h, and the roasting atmosphere is nitrogen. And cooling to room temperature after roasting to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel Cu/GA.
The specific surface area and the pore diameter of Cu/GA-1 were analyzed to obtain 362.1m2/g, and the average pore diameter was 3.6nm.
Comparative example 2
Taking copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/GA-2) which is not subjected to the first-stage roasting as a comparative example 2, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Dispersing 0.4g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) And adding 0.4g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, placing 10mL of ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using a copper acetate ethanol aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1% of copper acetate and the volume fraction of 20% of ethanol, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then a new solution is replaced, and the graphene hydrogel is soaked for 24h after the cleaning is finished. The impregnated hydrogel was freeze-dried for 72 hours and then calcined in a tube furnace. The roasting temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the roasting time is 2h, and the roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, wherein the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide is 30%. And after roasting, cooling to room temperature to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel Cu/GA-2'.
The weight loss of Cu/GA-2 is more serious than that of Cu/AGA-1, namely the process has high ignition loss rate.
The specific surface area and the pore diameter of Cu/GA-2 were analyzed to obtain 389.1m2/g, and the average pore diameter was 6.5nm.
Comparative example 3
Taking Graphene Aerogel (GA) as comparative example 3, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Dispersing 0.04g of graphene oxide in 40mL of aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain 1g/L of graphene oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Adding 0.04g of ascorbic acid into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, stirring for 20min, taking 10mL of ascorbic acid, placing the ascorbic acid into a sample bottle, and placing the sample bottle into a 70 ℃ oven for heating reaction for 5h to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
(3) And (3) cleaning the graphene hydrogel for 10 times by using an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 20%, wherein the cleaning needs to be carried out for 10min each time, then replacing a new solution, and dialyzing for 24h by using the solution after the cleaning is finished. And (5) carrying out freeze drying on the dialyzed hydrogel for 72h to obtain Graphene Aerogel (GA).
The GA was analyzed for its specific surface area and pore size to obtain 233.1m 2 In terms of/g, the mean pore diameter is 4.4nm.
< evaluation of adsorption Properties of VOCs >
And testing by adopting an adsorption evaluation device. With N 2 As a carrier gas, N is added 2 Introducing into VOCs generator, adding toluene into gasification chamber of VOCs generator by injection pump for rapid gasification, and introducing N 2 Carry over the generator into the adsorber. The constant temperature adsorber is a glass tube with a jacket, and a super constant temperature tank is adopted to control the adsorption temperature. The adsorber has an inner diameter of 10mm, a length of 10cm and an adsorbent loading of 0.1g. The toluene concentrations before and after adsorption were measured by gas chromatography.
And (3) testing conditions are as follows:
the original concentration of toluene was 500ppm, the total gas flow rate was 100mL/min, and the adsorption temperature was 30 ℃.
And (3) testing results:
| sample (I) | Saturated adsorption capacity (mg/g) |
| Example 1 | 33.5 |
| Example 2 | 22.4 |
| Example 3 | 20.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6.8 |
Studies have shown that the adsorption of VOCs on aerogels depends primarily on the micropores of the adsorbent, since their kinetic diameter is in the range of the micropore size.
< analysis of specific surface area and pore Structure >
Comparing the data of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, it can be seen that the specific surface area of Cu/AGA-1 is the largest and the average pore size is the smallest in example 1. The specific mechanism is as follows: the calcination of first section is copper acetate pyrolysis process, because GA flooding copper acetate makes partly shutoff hole opened through the impurity decomposition in its surface of pyrolysis process and the great aperture again, and the GA skeleton takes place to shrink in addition, causes original aperture to reduce, so the pyrolysis process has increased the microporous structure of graphite alkene aerogel. The second stage of roasting is CO 2 Activation process, CO at high temperature 2 Has a certain oxidability, CO 2 Compared with Cu, the gas can enter the microporous structure of the graphene aerogel and further react with disordered carbon atoms and heteroatoms in the microporous structure to further open and close the pore structure to form a new microporous pore structure. Pyrolysis of copper acetate and CO 2 The activation process acts together, so that the microporous structure of the aerogel is greatly increased. Comparative example 1 is a copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/GA-1) without second stage firing, with no CO 2 The specific surface area of the activation process is far smaller than that of Cu/AGA-1, and the average pore diameter is larger. Comparative example 2 is a copper-doped graphene aerogel (Cu/GA-2) that was not subjected to the first stage firing, and may beTo obtain the product in CO 2 /N 2 In mixed atmosphere (with certain oxidability at high temperature), the decomposition process of copper acetate is more violent, and in addition, CO 2 The activation process causes excessive loss of carbon in the aerogel, further causes the increase of pores in the aerogel, and converts part of microporous structures into mesoporous structures, which are shown as larger than the average pore diameter of Cu/AGA-1 and smaller than the specific surface area.
The atmosphere of pyrolysis roasting is nitrogen atmosphere, the atmosphere of activation roasting is mixed atmosphere of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and CO 2 The activation needs to be carried out at very high temperatures (generally greater than 600 ℃), so that CO cannot be carried out at temperatures in the range from 150 ℃ to 450 ℃ 2 And (4) activating.
< analysis of copper as chemisorption active center principle >
The product generated by the pyrolysis of copper acetate at the temperature of between 150 and 300 ℃ is Cu 2 O, then Cu in the course of heating to 400 DEG C 2 O is continuously decomposed into Cu, and the product generated at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ is nano Cu. The toluene has pi bonds, and Cu can absorb pi electrons in the toluene to form sigma bonds to form pi complex adsorption, wherein the pi complex belongs to the category of weak chemical bonds.
Claims (14)
1. The copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs is characterized by comprising the graphene aerogel and nano-copper loaded on the graphene aerogel.
2. The preparation method of the copper-doped graphene aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that the graphene hydrogel is washed and impregnated with a copper salt ethanol aqueous solution, freeze-dried after the impregnation is completed, the gel after freeze-drying is subjected to pyrolysis roasting in an inert atmosphere, and finally activated roasting is performed in an activating atmosphere containing carbon dioxide to obtain the copper-doped graphene aerogel.
3. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 2, wherein the inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere or an argon atmosphere.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the activating atmosphere is pure carbon dioxide.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the activated atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of carbon dioxide and inert gas, and the volume fraction of carbon dioxide is greater than 20%.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
7. The preparation method of the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 2, wherein the pyrolysis roasting temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-10 h; the activating and roasting temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-5 h.
8. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 2, wherein the copper salt in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is one of copper nitrate, copper acetate or copper sulfate.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the copper salt in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is 0.5-5%, and the volume fraction of the ethanol in the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution is 10-20%.
10. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 2, wherein the graphene hydrogel is washed with the copper salt ethanol aqueous solution for 5-15 times and is soaked for 12-36 h, and after the soaking is completed, freeze drying is performed for 24-72 h.
11. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 2, wherein the graphene hydrogel is prepared by the following steps: and ultrasonically dispersing graphene oxide in an aqueous solution to prepare a graphene oxide dispersion solution, adding a reducing agent, stirring, and carrying out heating reaction to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the reducing agent is one of ethylenediamine, ascorbic acid, or hydrazine hydrate.
13. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the graphene oxide is 0.5-2:1.
14. The method for preparing the copper-doped graphene aerogel for adsorbing VOCs according to claim 11, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid is 0.5-10g/L, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-90 min.
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