CN115438936A - Reservoir ecological scheduling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fish spawning drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir group dam, which comprises the following steps: acquiring natural propagation information of fishes laying drifting eggs under each reservoir dam in the cascade reservoir group and corresponding water temperature, hydrology and water quality information; determining the distribution condition of spawning sites of the fishes laying drifting eggs after each reservoir dam is built; determining the species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish in the cascade reservoir group region; determining a target dispatching river section of the ecological dispatching target fish in the cascade reservoir group area; determining a distribution interval of water temperature characteristics and hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish; determining a reservoir ecological scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoir group; and carrying out ecological scheduling on the cascade reservoir group according to the ecological scheduling scheme. The scheme of the invention can relieve the adverse effect of the water storage operation of the cascade reservoir on the spawning activity of the spawning fishes producing drifting eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecology, in particular to a reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of drifting oods produced under a cascade reservoir group dam.
Background
The development of cascade hydroelectric power is a main form of river water energy development in China. Due to the development of the cascade hydropower, the original natural river habitat system is gradually changed into a combined ecosystem with alternately arranged river-lake habitats. In a broken habitat in a cascade reservoir group, a certain flow velocity is usually maintained in the sections adjacent to the lower part of a dam of a plurality of reservoirs, so that the sections below the dam become key habitat sections of a plurality of spawning fishes in running water. However, the water storage operation of the cascade reservoirs can cause the hydrological conditions in the sections under the dams to be obviously changed, thereby influencing the fishes which finish natural reproduction activities in the sections under the dams. In order to slow down the influence of the storage operation of the cascade reservoir on the spawning activities of fishes under the dam, the natural hydrological situation and other habitat conditions of the affected area are restored by adopting reservoir ecological scheduling, and the adverse influence of the storage operation of the reservoir on the natural propagation of the fishes, particularly the spawning activities is very necessary to be slowed down.
The fish species producing drifting eggs are important ecotypes in river fishes, and play a vital role in maintaining local biodiversity and perfecting the structure and realizing the functions of an ecosystem. Meanwhile, the implementation of natural breeding activities of fishes laying drifting eggs is closely related to a specific hydrologic process, and the implementation of the laying activities generally needs stimulation of a flood peak process with certain hydrologic conditions. However, the peak clipping effect and the hydrologic planarization effect caused by the water storage operation of the cascade reservoir can cause the condition of the natural flood pulse process required by the natural propagation of the fish with drifting eggs to be changed obviously, thereby influencing the realization of the natural propagation activity. At present, reservoir ecological scheduling methods for promoting natural propagation of fish producing drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir group dam are lacked, and comprise a method for determining the type composition of ecological scheduling target fish producing drifting eggs in the cascade reservoir group, a method for determining an ecological scheduling target river section, a method for determining cascade reservoir ecological scheduling hydrological parameters for realizing natural propagation of various target fishes and a method for compiling a reservoir ecological scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoir group.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fish producing drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir dam, which can be used for ecological scheduling of the cascade reservoir dam, so as to promote natural propagation activities of fish producing drifting eggs under each cascade reservoir dam in the cascade reservoir dam.
According to one aspect of the application, the application provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fishes laying drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir group dam, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring natural propagation information of fishes laying drifting eggs under each reservoir dam in the cascade reservoir group and corresponding water temperature, hydrology and water quality information;
determining the distribution condition of spawning sites of fishes laying drifting eggs after each reservoir dam is built;
determining the species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish in the cascade reservoir group region;
determining a target dispatching river section of the ecological dispatching target fish in the cascade reservoir group area;
determining a distribution interval of water temperature characteristics and hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the ecological dispatching target fish;
determining a reservoir ecological scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoir group;
and carrying out ecological scheduling on the cascade reservoir group according to the ecological scheduling scheme.
Preferably, the natural breeding information and the corresponding water temperature, hydrology and water quality information include species composition of the floating egg-laying fishes, daily egg laying density or scale, daily average water temperature, daily average water level, daily average flow, daily average transparency or sand content and daily average flow rate of net mouths.
Preferably, the distribution of the spawning sites of the floating egg fishes comprises the spawning species composition, the spawning scale and the distribution positions of the spawning sites.
Preferably, the determining of the species composition of the fish as the ecological scheduling target in the cascade reservoir community region comprises determining the species composition of the fish as the ecological scheduling target in the cascade reservoir community region according to the life history characteristics, the protection level, the resource quantity current status information and the like of the fish.
Preferably, the determining of the distribution interval of the water temperature characteristic and the hydrological characteristic parameter suitable for natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish comprises the following steps:
determining a proper water temperature distribution range required by natural propagation of target fishes by adopting a proportional analysis method;
and (3) constructing a relation model of the natural propagation characteristics of the ecological scheduling target fish and the water temperature and hydrological characteristics by adopting a classification and regression tree model, and obtaining a response relation of the spawning scale of the target fish, the flood characteristic parameters and the water temperature characteristic parameters, so as to determine a distribution interval of the water temperature characteristics and the hydrological characteristic parameters which are required by the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish and are suitable for the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish.
Preferably, the step reservoir group reservoir ecological scheduling scheme comprises the step reservoir group reservoir ecological scheduling scheme determined according to the type composition of target fishes, the target scheduling river section, and the distribution range of the water temperature characteristics and the hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the target fishes.
Preferably, the natural propagation information includes species composition of floating egg-producing fishes distributed historically and currently in the river section under each step reservoir dam and day-by-day egg-laying scale information. While acquiring the day-by-day spawning scale data of different spawning drifting egg types, acquiring corresponding day-by-day average water temperature, day-by-day average water level and day-by-day average flow data.
Preferably, the step of determining the distribution of the spawning sites of the floating egg fishes after the step dams are built comprises the following steps: 1) Determining the embryo development stage when the drifting fish eggs are collected according to the on-site survey result of the early fish resource, and estimating the time length required by each embryo stage when the fish eggs of different drifting fish species are collected from fertilization development to the fertilization development by comparing historical research documents and indoor observation tests; 2) Estimating the approximate distribution position of the spawning ground of the fishes laying drifting eggs according to the stages of the embryo development of the fish eggs, the time length required for the embryos to develop into different embryo stages and the average flow rate of the net mouth position when the fish eggs are collected.
Preferably, the determining of the species composition of the fish as the ecological dispatch target in the certain cascade reservoir group area comprises: 1) Determining the species composition of the spawning and drifting egg fishes which are historically and currently distributed in the cascade reservoir group area according to natural propagation information; 2) Comprehensively considering the aspects of life history characteristics, uniqueness, protection level, resource quantity current situation information and the like of the fish species producing drifting eggs under the cascade reservoir dam, and determining the species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish of the cascade reservoir;
preferably, the step reservoir group area determining the target dispatching river section of the ecological dispatching target fish in the step reservoir group area comprises the following steps: and determining a target dispatching river section in the cascade reservoir group area according to the specific distribution position information of the ecological dispatching target fish spawning site after the storage operation of each cascade reservoir in the cascade reservoir group.
Preferably, determining a distribution interval of the water temperature characteristics and key hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fishes comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a distribution interval of spawning water temperature of the target fish species j according to the maximum water temperature and the minimum water temperature when the roes of the target fish species j are collected, and equidistantly grouping the water temperature distribution by adopting the following formula:
I j ＝(Wmax j -Wmin j )/N j
G i,l ＝Wmin j +(i-1)*I j
G i,u ＝Wmin j +i*I j
in the formula I j The grouping distance of the water temperature when the jth target fish roe is collected is the unit; wmax j The unit is the highest water temperature when j fish eggs of the target fish are collected; wmin j The lowest water temperature is the lowest water temperature when the target fish j roe is collected, and the unit is; n is a radical of j The grouping number of the water temperature when the jth target fish roe is collected; i is water temperatureThe value of the number of groups is 1,2,3 \8230N j ；G i,l The lower limit water temperature of the ith water temperature group of the jth target fish is expressed in unit; g i,u The lower limit water temperature is the unit of the ith water temperature group of the jth target fish.
Subsequently, the median of the spawning scale of different target fishes (j) is calculated, and the number of samples (N) with spawning scale larger than the median in each equidistant water temperature grouping is calculated j,i ) And its proportion to the total number of samples (P) j,i )：
M j ＝median(SS j )
N j,i ＝count(if SS j >F j )
P j,i ＝N j,i /TN j
In the formula, M j The unit is the median of the water temperature when the jth target fish roe is collected; SS j The water temperature is the water temperature when the jth target fish roe is collected, and the unit is; mean is a median function; count is a counting function; TN (twisted nematic) j The total number of samples of the jth target fish roe is collected.
Subsequently, P is added j,i And determining the grouped water temperature intervals with the values in the first two digits as the distribution intervals of the appropriate water temperature required by the natural propagation of the jth target fish.
2) And dividing the peak flooding process according to the flow process change in the sampling period. When the roe of the target fish j is collected on a certain sampling day in a certain peak flood process k (k =1,2,3..) the daily average flow rate of the collected roe is calculated, and the water level rising amount, the flow rate rising amount, the daily rising rate of the water level, the daily rising rate of the flow rate and the water level continuous rising days between the collecting day and the day when the flood starts rising in the peak flood process.
3) And establishing a classification prediction model by adopting a classification and regression tree model and determining a distribution interval of key hydrological factors at the optimal daily spawning scale by taking the daily average flow, the water level rising amount, the daily rising rate of the water level, the flow rising amount, the daily growth rate of the flow and the water level continuous rising day number data of the target fish j spawns collected in each peak in the investigation period as independent variables and the daily spawning scale of the target fish j spawns collected in each peak in the investigation period as dependent variables.
Preferably, the step reservoir group reservoir ecological scheduling scheme comprises the following steps:
1) Determining the species composition of target fishes needing to implement ecological dispatching in an ecological dispatching scheme according to the determined ecological dispatching target fishes;
2) According to the determined ecological scheduling target river section, determining a target river section position in an ecological scheduling scheme, wherein ecological scheduling needs to be implemented;
3) Determining the starting water temperature scheduled by each target river section in the cascade reservoir group according to the lowest water temperature of each ecological scheduling target fish when spawning in all ecological scheduling target river sections;
4) Determining the duration of ecological dispatching required by each target river section and specific hydrological dispatching parameters according to the determined distribution interval of the key hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural breeding of the ecological dispatching target fishes in different ecological dispatching target river sections;
5) Determining the time for ecological scheduling of each target river section according to the starting water temperature scheduled by each target river section, the suitable water temperature distribution interval for natural propagation of each target fish and the time which can be met by the specific hydrologic scheduling parameters;
6) And determining feasibility of implementation of hydrologic dispatching parameters according to the flood control requirements of downstream cities, the flood control safety requirements of reservoirs, the minimum discharge flow, the basic water balance, the water inflow conditions and the like.
Additional features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application, and the illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fishes laying drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir dam according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of the ecology scheduling target segments for the major and minor target scheduling fish species in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the proper water temperature distribution (P) for the natural reproduction of the cupfish in round mouth using the method of the present invention in an embodiment j,i ) The determination is made;
FIG. 4 is a decomposition of specific hydrological characteristic parameters during the midstream flood of Jinshajiang in an embodiment [ in the figure, log10 (x + 1) -transformed data;
FIG. 5 shows the optimal hydrological conditions for spawning of Cuprilus hybridus obtained by classification and regression tree model in the specific embodiment.
Detailed Description
In addition, the features of the embodiments and the respective embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The invention provides a method for compiling a set of ecological scheduling scheme for promoting natural propagation of fish producing drifting eggs under a dam, which comprises the steps of determining ecological scheduling target fish, determining ecological scheduling target river sections, determining ecological scheduling time, determining ecological scheduling parameters and the like. The invention covers all the process of compiling the ecological scheduling scheme for promoting the natural propagation of the fishes producing drifting eggs under the cascade reservoir group dam, and solves a plurality of ambiguous problems in the development of ecological scheduling in the cascade reservoir group.
The invention provides an ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fishes laying drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir group dam, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: collecting and sorting historical data of natural propagation of fish producing drifting eggs under each step of reservoir dam, and carrying out supplementary monitoring on the current situation of natural propagation of fish producing drifting eggs under the dam;
and 2, step: acquiring natural propagation information of fishes laying drifting eggs under each reservoir dam in the cascade reservoir group and corresponding water temperature, water level and flow information;
and 3, step 3: determining the distribution condition of spawning sites of fishes laying drifting eggs after each step dam is built;
step 4; determining the species composition of the fish producing the drifting eggs which are historically and currently distributed in the cascade reservoir group area according to the natural propagation information of the fish producing the drifting eggs under the dam; on the basis, the life history characteristics, the uniqueness, the protection level, the resource quantity current situation information and the like of the fish species producing drifting eggs under the cascade reservoir dam are comprehensively considered, and the species composition of the fish species of the ecological scheduling target of the cascade reservoir is determined.
And 5: and determining a target scheduling river section in the cascade reservoir group area according to the specific distribution position information of the ecological scheduling target fish spawning site after the water storage operation of each cascade reservoir in the cascade reservoir group.
And 6: integrating historical research data and early resource supplement survey results, and determining a proper water temperature distribution range for natural propagation of the ecological dispatching target fish by adopting a proportion sharing method; and in the flood deconstruction process, a classification and regression tree model is adopted to analyze the relation between the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish and the hydrological characteristic parameters, and a distribution interval suitable for the hydrological characteristic parameters required by the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish is provided.
And 7: and (3) integrating the species composition information of the primary and secondary ecological dispatching target fishes and the distribution information of the ecological dispatching target river sections, and determining the distribution intervals of the water temperature, water level and flow characteristic parameters which are suitable for natural propagation of the ecological dispatching target fishes in different target dispatching river sections.
And 8: comprehensively considering the conditions of reservoir scheduling, upstream water inflow and the like, a reservoir ecological scheduling scheme for promoting natural propagation of floating egg fishes produced under a dam is compiled, the composition of a target river section and target fish species needing to implement ecological scheduling in a cascade reservoir group, the starting water temperature of scheduling of each target river section, the duration of implementing ecological scheduling of each target river section, specific hydrologic scheduling parameters, the time of implementing ecological scheduling of each target river section, the feasibility of implementing the hydrologic scheduling parameters, a method and a technical means adopted for monitoring the ecological scheduling effect and the like are determined.
The implementation case is as follows:
jinshajiang is an important component of the upper reaches of the Yangtze river and is the area with the most abundant ecological diversity of the Yangtze river basin. 112 kinds of rare and special fishes distributed in the main branch flow of the Jinsha river account for 79 percent of the total number (142 kinds) of the special fishes in the Yangtze river, are an ecological diversity treasury of the Yangtze river basin, enrich the species diversity and the genetic diversity of the ecological system in the Yangtze river water area, and have irreplaceable functions in the aspect of maintaining the structure and the function of the ecological system. The fishes distributed in the area and producing the drifting eggs comprise round-mouth coppers, rhinogobio ventralis, bosgurnus anguillicaudatus, bosgurnus sinensis, and the like. The completion of spawning of these fishes requires stimulation suitable for the water-swelling process. At present, 6 cascade reservoirs connected end to end, such as a pear garden, the Ahai, the Jinan bridge, the Longkou, the Ludila, the Guanyin rock and the like, are built in the midstream of the Jinshajiang river. The water storage operation of the reservoirs inevitably changes the hydrologic situation and the water temperature condition of the area, and further influences the natural breeding process of the fishes producing drifting eggs.
The letter of the examination opinions (the environmental letter [2009] ]436) of the environmental protection department in 2009, about the development planning environment impact evaluation of hydropower cascade in the midstream river section of the Jinshajiang river and the strategy research report clearly requires adverse effects on aquatic ecology, joint ecological scheduling needs to be adopted, and the influence of power station construction operation on the hydrological situation and gas over-saturation is reduced. In the embodiment, the midstream of the Jinshajiang river is taken as an implementation area, and the process compiled by the reservoir ecological scheduling scheme for promoting the natural propagation of the floating egg fishes under the dam in the area is described in detail by adopting the steps of the method provided by the invention:
step 1) collecting early-stage resource investigation results of fishes under various step reservoir dams of the Jinshajiang midstream by historical data collection and field supplement investigation, developing early-stage resource supplement investigation of fishes producing drifting eggs under various step reservoir dams, collecting year-by-year fish early-stage resource monitoring data of sections of the climbing florists in 2010-2017, and developing early-stage resource supplement investigation of fishes producing drifting in sections of various hydropower stations dams of the Jinshajiang midstream by 2018-2020. The historical and current supplementary survey data comprises sampling date, sampling duration, net mouth area of a sampling net, average flow velocity, average water temperature, average water level and average flow of sampling cross sections on each sampling day, and the number of fish eggs collected on each day.
And step 2) acquiring natural propagation (spawning species composition and spawning scale) of the fishes spawning the drifting eggs under each step reservoir dam after water storage operation and corresponding water temperature, water level and flow information based on the early resource supplement survey result of the fishes spawning the drifting eggs developed in the lower river section of each hydropower station dam in the middle river of the Jinshajiang river in 2018-2020, and acquiring species composition of the fishes spawning the drifting eggs in the lower river section of each hydropower station dam in the middle river of the Jinshajiang river and day-by-day spawning scale conditions of the fishes. Firstly, molecular biological identification is carried out on collected fish eggs, and the species composition of the fish eggs is determined. And then, calculating the spawning scale of different fish species on different sampling days according to the number of fish spawns of different fish species collected day by day, the sampling duration, the area of a sampling net mouth, the flow velocity and the daily average flow data of a sampling section.
And 3) determining the distribution condition of the spawning sites of the fishes with the driftage eggs flowing through the lower section of each step reservoir dam after the step dams are built according to the early resource investigation result carried out on the lower section of each step reservoir dam, determining the embryo development stage when the driftage eggs flowing through the lower section of each step reservoir dam are collected, and estimating the time length required by the different kinds of the fishes with the driftage eggs from fertilization development to the embryo stage when the fishes are collected by comparing historical research documents and indoor observation tests, and on the basis, estimating the approximate distribution positions of the spawning sites of the fishes with the driftage eggs in the lower river section of each step reservoir dam according to the stage of the embryo development of the fishes, the time length required by the different embryo stages and the average flow speed of the net mouth position when the fishes are collected (figure 2).
Step 4) determining the species composition of the fish producing the drifting eggs which are historically and currently distributed in the cascade reservoir group area according to the natural propagation information of the fish producing the drifting eggs under the dam; on the basis, the aspects of life history characteristics, uniqueness, protection level, resource quantity current situation information and the like of the fish species producing drifting eggs under the cascade reservoir dam are comprehensively considered, and the species composition of the fish of the cascade reservoir ecological dispatching target is determined:
firstly, determining the species composition of the spawned and driftage spawning fishes distributed in the stem flow of the midstream of Jinshajiang according to historical and current state investigation data, and obtaining 23 species of the indigenous and driftage spawning fishes distributed in the midstream of Jinshajiang, wherein the species composition comprises round mouth coppers, longyinggurnus dabryanus, shortbody golden loaches, rhinogobio gobio, gobio sinensis, sinotionsiidae, zhonghua fig, cobotia sinensis, botrytis broadbody fig, cylindrical rhinogobio gobio, euschistosoma nobilis, purple gobio, silver carp, parasitomyxoides, gobio, rhinogobio, gobio, sinipeo, bigbei meal, yellow skin and bigbo.
In the example, the results of comprehensively analyzing the aspects of life history characteristics, uniqueness, protection level, resource quantity current situation information and the like show that 23 species of the drift spawning fishes, namely the round-mouth coppers and the rhinogobio ventralis, are national second-level protected animals and specific species of the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, the sexual maturity ages are respectively more than 4 years old and more than 2 years old, but are influenced by factors such as scheduling operation and the like, the existing resource quantity is very small, and the protection is urgently needed, so that the fish are used as main target fishes for implementing ecological scheduling; long Bosgurni Anguillicaudati (national secondary protective animal), bosgurni sinensis, xenopus sylvestris and the like are special fishes in the upper reaches of Yangtze river, the sexual maturity age is more than 2 years old, although the resource amount is obviously reduced by factors such as scheduling operation and the like, the number of the fishes is more than that of the gobius guichenoti and the gobius longus, and therefore the fishes serve as secondary target fishes for implementing ecological scheduling.
Step 5) determining the spawning sites of the major species of the ecological scheduling round-mouth coppers distributed under the pear garden dam, the Ahai dam and the Guanyin rock dam in the river section of the ecological scheduling target after the step 2 is used for knowing that the water storage of the step reservoir in the midstream of the Jinsha river operates; spawning field of rhinogobio ventralis is distributed in pear orchard the sections under the dam and the Guanyin rock dam; spawning sites of the secondary ecological scheduling target species of the long and thin loaches are distributed at the river sections below the step reservoir dams (figure 2). Therefore, the main target sections of the ecological dispatching of the main flow in the midstream of the Jinshajiang river are the sections under the pear garden dam, the Ahai dam and the Guanyin rock dam, and the secondary target sections are the sections under the Jinan bridge dam, the Longkou dam and the Ludila dam. The sections under the dam are all reservoir tail running water sections of all reservoir areas.
Step 6) obtaining suitable water temperature and hydrological parameters firstly, collecting data according to history and supplementing survey data on site, and adopting the description in the invention contentThe method determines the appropriate water temperature distribution range required for natural propagation of the primary and secondary target fish. In the 2010-2020 years, the daily average water temperature distribution range when round-mouth copper fish roes are collected on the lower section of each stepped reservoir dam of the midstream main flow of the Jinshajiang river is 18.7-23.0 ℃, and the total days for collecting the round-mouth copper fish roes are 101 days. According to the method described in the invention of the previous section, the proper water temperature distribution range P required by the natural propagation of the cupfish with round mouth is obtained j,i Is at [20.5 deg.C, 22.1 deg.C](FIG. 4). Similarly, the same method is adopted to obtain the appropriate water temperature distribution range P required by the natural reproduction of the rhinogobio ventralis and the loach j,i Respectively at [20.3 deg.C, 22.1 deg.C]And [20.1 deg.C, 22.0 deg.C](ii) a In addition, the proper water temperature distribution range required by natural propagation of other secondary ecological dispatching target fishes is also between 20.1 and 22 ℃. In a word, the proper water temperature distribution range required by the natural propagation of the main target fish species for ecological scheduling is 20.5-22.1 ℃; the distribution range of the water temperature required by natural propagation of the secondary target fish species is 20.1-22.0 ℃.
And then, selecting the major scheduling target fish species of the round-mouth coppers and the rhinogobio ventralis with a large sample number and the minor scheduling target fish species of the leptobilus longissimus as research objects according to the quality of the obtained early resources and the hydrological data, and determining the key hydrological characteristic parameter composition and the appropriate distribution interval required by the natural propagation of the three fishes by adopting a classification and regression tree prediction model method. In the classification and regression tree model, the daily average flow, water level rising amount, daily rising rate of water level, flow rising amount, daily growth rate of flow and water level continuous rising days (fig. 5) of each spawning day of the kochia scoparia, the rhinogobio ventralis and the leptotia longata are respectively used as independent variables, and the spawning scale of each spawning day of the kochia scoparia, the rhinogobio ventralis and the leptotia longata is respectively used as dependent variables. Classification and regression model results show: the optimum spawning hydrological condition of the round-mouth coppers is that the daily average flow of spawning days is more than 1651m 3 The water level rising amount exceeds 4.29m and the rising lasts for more than 6 days; optimal spawning hydrological condition of rhinogobio ventralis is that the daily average flow of spawning day is larger than 2253m 3 (s) the rising amount of the flow is more than 689m 3 S, and a small daily rate of flowAt 65.53m 3 (ii)/s/d; the most suitable oviposition hydrological condition of the long and thin loach is that the daily average flow of the oviposition day is more than 1831m 3 / s。
And 7) determining distribution intervals of the proper water temperature, water level and flow characteristic parameters required by the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fishes in different target scheduling river sections, and integrating the species composition information of the primary and secondary ecological scheduling target fishes and the distribution information of the ecological scheduling target river sections to obtain the distribution intervals of the proper water temperature, water level and flow characteristic parameters required by the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fishes in different target scheduling river sections, wherein the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 distribution interval of proper water temperature, water level and flow characteristic parameters for natural propagation of various ecological dispatching target fishes in different target dispatching river sections
Step 8) the establishment of the reservoir ecological scheduling scheme for promoting the natural propagation of the floating egg fishes under the dam comprises the following steps:
a. and (4) determining the main target fish species for ecologically scheduling the swimming main-flow cascade reservoir in the Jinshajiang river as the round-mouth coppers and the rhinogobio ventralis according to the step 4, and considering that the secondary target fish species are the Changyito, the Chinese Jinsha loach, the short-body Jinsha loach, the wide-body sapling, the rhinogobio cylindrica, the purple Bosgivin, the Chinese sapling, the parasuisito, the xenomyspaghis bougii and the eusomal xenomystus bougii.
b. And (4) scheduling the target river sections to determine that the main target river sections for the ecological scheduling of the dry flow cascade reservoir in the midstream Jinshajiang river are the lower river sections of the pear garden dam, the lower river sections of the Ahai dam and the lower river sections of the Guanyin rock dam according to the step (5), and the secondary target river sections are the lower river sections of the Jinan bridge dam, the lower river sections of the Longkou dam and the lower river sections of the Ludi dam.
c. The scheduling starting water temperature according to step 6, the lowest water temperature of the primary and secondary scheduling target fish species when spawning is 18.7 ℃, so the scheduling starting water temperature of each ecological scheduling target river section should be 18.7 ℃.
d. The scheduling hydrological parameters of the ecological scheduling target river sections of the Jinsha river midstream with different target fish species are obtained according to the step 6 and the step 7 and are divided into 4 cases: (1) The dispatching river section with dispatching variety of major dispatching objects such as cuprochonys rotundus, rhinogobio ventralis and the like has the dispatching initial flow less than 1651m 3 When the flow is per second, the upstream reservoir of each scheduling target river section discharges water to gradually increase the flow of each scheduling target river section to 1651m according to the condition of upstream water inflow 3 More than s, during the period, the water level of each dispatching target river section rises by more than 4.29m, and the water level keeps rising continuously for more than 6 days; subsequently, it is kept less than 65.53m 3 The daily water expansion rate of/s/d slowly increases until the flow rate is continuously increased to 2340m 3 /s (1651 + 689). (2) The dispatching river section with dispatching species of major dispatching objects such as cuprochonys rotundus, rhinogobio ventralis and the like is used as the dispatching initial flow rate of more than 1651m 3 S but less than 2253m 3 When the flow rate of each scheduling target river section is increased to 2340m gradually by discharging water from the upstream reservoir of each scheduling target river section according to the upstream water inflow condition 3 More than s, during which the water level of each dispatching target river section rises by more than 4.29m, keeps rising continuously for more than 6 days and keeps less than 65.53m 3 Daily water expansion rate in/s/d. (3) The dispatching river section with dispatching variety of main dispatching objects such as cuprochonys rotundus, rhinogobio ventralis and the like has dispatching initial flow of more than 2253m 3 At/s, keep less than 65.53m 3 The daily water rise rate of/s/d continues to rise for more than 6 days until the water level rises by more than 4.29 m. (4) The flow of each scheduling target river section is increased to 1831m by combining the scheduling river section with the upstream water inflow condition, the scheduling type of which is the secondary scheduling object such as the long and thin loaches 3 More than s.
e. The dispatching time can be known according to the step 6 that the dispatching initial water temperature of each dispatching target in the midstream main stream of the Jinshajiang river is 18.7 ℃, and the suitable water temperature distribution range of spawning of each main target fish species and each secondary target fish species is 20.5-22.0 ℃; meanwhile, according to the hydrological data of each ecological scheduling target river section obtained in the step 2 and the scheduling hydrological parameters of each target fish obtained in the step 6, the optimal scheduling is started when the water temperature in the middle and last ten days of the 6 months is higher than 18.7 ℃ when the ecological scheduling time of each step reservoir of the midstream main flow of the Jinshajiang is determined, wherein the water temperature is higher than 20.5 ℃.
f. Feasibility of implementation of hydrological scheduling parameters is analyzed and determined on the basis that each reservoir meets conditions such as downstream city flood control requirements, reservoir flood control safety requirements, minimum discharge flow, basic water balance and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not to be construed as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting natural propagation of fishes laying drifting eggs under a cascade reservoir group dam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring natural propagation information of fish producing drifting eggs under each reservoir dam in the cascade reservoir group and corresponding water temperature, hydrology and water quality information;
determining the distribution condition of spawning sites of the fishes laying drifting eggs after each reservoir dam is built;
determining the species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish in the cascade reservoir group region;
determining a target dispatching river section of the ecological dispatching target fish in the cascade reservoir group area;
determining a distribution interval of water temperature characteristics and hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the ecological dispatching target fish;
determining a reservoir ecological scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoir group;
and carrying out ecological scheduling on the cascade reservoir group according to the ecological scheduling scheme.
2. The ecological scheduling method for reservoir of claim 1, wherein the natural propagation information and the corresponding water temperature, hydrology and water quality information includes species composition of fish producing floating eggs, daily egg laying density or scale, daily average water temperature, daily average water level, daily average flow, daily average transparency or sand content and daily average net mouth flow rate.
3. The ecological scheduling method for reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution of spawning sites of the spawning fishes laying drifted spawns includes spawning species composition, spawning scale and spawning site distribution position.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the species composition of the fish of the ecological dispatch target in the cascade reservoir swarm region comprises determining the species composition of the fish of the ecological dispatch target in the cascade reservoir swarm region according to the fish's life history characteristics, uniqueness, protection class, and current status information of resource quantity.
5. The ecological scheduling method for reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the distribution intervals of the water temperature characteristics and the hydrological characteristic parameters suitable for natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fishes comprises:
determining a proper water temperature distribution range required by natural propagation of target fishes by adopting a proportional analysis method;
and (3) constructing a relation model of the natural propagation characteristics of the ecological scheduling target fish and the water temperature and hydrological characteristics by adopting a classification and regression tree model, and obtaining a response relation of the spawning scale of the target fish, the flood characteristic parameters and the water temperature characteristic parameters, so as to determine a distribution interval of the water temperature characteristics and the hydrological characteristic parameters which are required by the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish and are suitable for the natural propagation of the ecological scheduling target fish.
6. The ecological scheduling method for reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein determining the ecological scheduling scheme for reservoirs of the cascade reservoir group comprises determining the ecological scheduling scheme for reservoirs of the cascade reservoir group according to the species composition of target fishes, target scheduling river sections, and distribution intervals of suitable water temperature characteristics and hydrological characteristic parameters required by natural propagation of the target fishes.
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