CN115438553B - Method for evaluating breaking rotating speed of rotor with arc-shaped end tooth structure - Google Patents

Method for evaluating breaking rotating speed of rotor with arc-shaped end tooth structure Download PDF

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CN115438553B
CN115438553B CN202211298978.1A CN202211298978A CN115438553B CN 115438553 B CN115438553 B CN 115438553B CN 202211298978 A CN202211298978 A CN 202211298978A CN 115438553 B CN115438553 B CN 115438553B
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rotating speed
end tooth
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characteristic length
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CN115438553A (en
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张国乾
李乐
黄维娜
李晓明
沈莲
刘强
冯娇
周大庆
高仁衡
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AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating the fracture rotating speed of a rotor with a circular arc end tooth structure, which comprises the following steps of: step one, performing linear elastic finite element analysis by adopting a three-dimensional model at a reference rotating speed to obtain a finite element result; step two, extracting a first principal stress, a temperature and a node coordinate of each node of the stress concentration part along the maximum direction of the principal stress gradient at the stress concentration part according to the result of the step one; step three, obtaining actually measured tensile property and actually measured material fracture toughness at the working temperature of the arc-shaped end teeth according to sampling test data of the same batch of dissections at different temperatures, and determining characteristic length; step four, calculating the effective stress in the characteristic length according to the characteristic length determined in the step three and the result in the step two; and step five, comparing the actually measured tensile property data of the wheel disc with the effective stress result to determine the fracture rotation speed. The method has high prediction precision and safe result, and can meet engineering application.

Description

Method for evaluating breaking rotating speed of rotor with arc-shaped end tooth structure
Technical Field
The specification relates to the technical field of aero-engines, in particular to a method for evaluating the fracture rotating speed of a rotor with an arc-shaped end tooth structure.
Background
The high-pressure rotor of the advanced aeroengine is widely connected by adopting an arc end tooth structure, the axial force is transmitted through the transmission of torque and centering of the arc end tooth and the connection of short bolts, and the turbine rotor is taken as a typical key part, once the turbine rotor is broken, disastrous consequences are usually caused, so that in order to ensure the safety and the reliability of the engine, national and internal and external relevant standards all put forward strict design requirements on the breaking rotating speed of the wheel disc, and the structural integrity of the turbine rotor needs to be verified through tests. At present, the design requirements of the fracture of the turbine rotor are mainly concentrated on a disk body, a drum barrel, a flange lug and a baffle, the design method of the fracture rotating speed is relatively mature through a large number of test results, and for the circular arc end tooth structure, the main problems are as follows:
(1) At present, for an aircraft engine arc end tooth structure, strength reserve is usually evaluated based on a conventional analysis method, reserve coefficients generally come from foreign relevant standards, the structure and load of an arc end tooth connecting part are complex, and the effectiveness of the conventional method needs to be further verified;
(2) The root part of the circular arc end tooth and the bolt hole usually have obvious stress concentration phenomena, and the assumption of stress uniformity in the average stress method widely applied to the existing wheel disc fracture design is not very consistent, so that the circular arc end tooth structure determined according to the average stress method has larger fracture rotating speed error and is dangerous partially, and the risk is brought to use;
(3) A local stress method and a local strain method in the existing wheel disc fracture design method can well represent a circular arc end tooth failure mode, but whether material constitutive models in the local stress method and the local strain method are proper or not plays a key role in prediction accuracy of the material constitutive models, and due to the fact that actual constitutive models of wheel discs are usually lacked, application of the method is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for evaluating a burst rotational speed of a circular arc end tooth structure rotor, so as to solve the problem that the method for evaluating a burst rotational speed of a circular arc end tooth structure in the prior art has a large error and is dangerous.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for evaluating the fracture rotating speed of a rotor with a circular arc end tooth structure comprises the following steps: step one, performing linear elasticity by adopting a three-dimensional model at a reference rotating speedFinite element analysis is carried out to obtain a finite element result; secondly, extracting first main stress, temperature and node coordinates of each node of the stress concentration part along the maximum direction of the main stress gradient at the stress concentration part according to the result of the step one; step three, obtaining the actually measured tensile property of the arc-shaped end tooth at the working temperature according to the sampling test data of the same batch of dissections at different temperatures
Figure 193933DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And the measured fracture toughness of the material>
Figure 933350DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And determining the characteristic length L; step four, calculating the effective stress in the characteristic length L according to the characteristic length L determined in the step three and the result in the step two>
Figure 216564DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(ii) a Step five, based on the measured tensile property data of the wheel disc>
Figure 773447DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And effective stress->
Figure 899535DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
The results are compared to determine the burst speed.
Further, the second step is specifically as follows: and respectively extracting a first main stress, a temperature and a node coordinate of a node at the maximum position of the first main stress of the tooth root and the bolt hole at the arc end.
Further, the third step is specifically: according to the formula
Figure 567276DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
A characteristic length L is determined.
Further, the fourth step includes: comparing local point stress at stress concentration part
Figure 704997DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
And measured tensile properties>
Figure 308148DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Size when>
Figure 796898DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
When is determined by the formula>
Figure 127385DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Calculating an effective stress in the characteristic length L->
Figure 385191DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Further, the fourth step further comprises: comparing local point stress at stress concentration part
Figure 283877DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
And measured tensile properties>
Figure 872640DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Size when>
Figure 882184DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
And increasing the rotating speed and repeatedly executing the first step to the fourth step.
Further, the fifth step comprises: measured tensile Property data from a wheel disc
Figure 260076DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
And effective stress->
Figure 188717DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The results are compared and when->
Figure 652060DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Then, the rotation speed at this time is determined as the fracture rotation speed of the stress concentration portion.
Further, step five also includes: when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
Figure 75082DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Then, the rotation speed is continuously increased and the steps are repeatedly executedOne to four steps.
Further, the method for evaluating the fracture rotation speed of the rotor with the arc-shaped end tooth structure further comprises a sixth step, wherein the sixth step specifically comprises the following steps: and repeating the first step to the fifth step, and respectively obtaining the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part, wherein the breaking rotating speed of the arc-shaped end tooth structure is the smaller value of the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the at least one technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the specification at least comprise: the dangerous part of the arc end tooth structure has obvious stress concentration and larger stress gradient, and a rotor in an engine is generally made of a tough material, so that the arc end tooth structure cannot be immediately damaged when the local point stress obtained by linear elasticity exceeds the tensile strength, but microcracks can be generated, and the cracks can be rapidly expanded to cause the arc end tooth structure to be damaged as the volume range of the stress exceeding the tensile strength is increased, namely the rotor provided by the invention has the following breaking conditions: under the condition of linear elasticity, when the effective stress of the dangerous part in a certain size range reaches the tensile strength, the dangerous part is cracked; the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of higher prediction precision and safer result, and can meet the requirements of engineering application.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. The application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and various changes in detail without departing from the spirit of the application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating a burst rotational speed of a circular arc end tooth structure rotor, including the following steps:
step one, performing linear elastic finite element analysis by adopting a three-dimensional model at a reference rotating speed to obtain a finite element result;
step two, extracting a first main stress, a temperature and a node coordinate of each node of the stress concentration part along the maximum direction of the main stress gradient at the stress concentration part according to the result of the finite element result;
thirdly, obtaining the actually measured tensile property of the arc-shaped end teeth at the working temperature according to the sampling test data of the same batch of dissections at different temperatures
Figure 307480DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
And the measured fracture toughness of the material>
Figure 282390DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
And determining the characteristic length L;
step four, calculating the effective stress in the characteristic length L according to the characteristic length L determined in the step three and the result in the step two
Figure 357662DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Step five, according to the actually measured tensile property data of the wheel disc
Figure 709009DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
And effective stress->
Figure 795913DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
The results are compared to determine the burst speed.
The dangerous part of the arc end tooth structure has obvious stress concentration and larger stress gradient, and a rotor in an engine is generally made of a tough material, so that the arc end tooth structure cannot be immediately damaged when the local point stress obtained by linear elasticity exceeds the tensile strength, but microcracks can be generated, and the cracks can be rapidly expanded to cause the arc end tooth structure to be damaged as the volume range of the stress exceeding the tensile strength is increased, namely the rotor provided by the invention has the following breaking conditions: under the condition of linear elasticity, when the effective stress of the dangerous part in a certain size range reaches the tensile strength, the dangerous part is broken; the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of higher prediction precision and safer result, and can meet the requirements of engineering application.
The second step is specifically as follows: and respectively extracting a first main stress, a temperature and a node coordinate of the node at the maximum position of the first main stress of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end and the bolt hole.
The third step is specifically as follows: according to the formula
Figure 82669DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
A characteristic length L is determined.
The fourth step comprises the following steps: step 4.1, comparing the stress of the local point of the stress concentration part
Figure 255025DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And the measured tensile property->
Figure 269117DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Size when>
Figure 210528DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
When, by the formula>
Figure 792819DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Calculating effective stress in a characteristic length L>
Figure 62258DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
The fourth step also comprises: step 4.2, comparing the stress of the local point of the stress concentration part
Figure 20987DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And the measured tensile property->
Figure 941538DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Size when>
Figure 960310DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
And increasing the rotating speed and repeatedly executing the first step to the third step.
The fifth step comprises the following steps: step 5.1, actually measuring tensile property data by the wheel disc
Figure 841678DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
And effective stress->
Figure 210955DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
The results are compared and when->
Figure 861379DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Then, the rotation speed at this time is determined as the fracture rotation speed of the stress concentration portion.
The fifth step also comprises: step 5.2, when
Figure 51052DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
And when the rotation speed is increased, the first step, the second step and the third step are repeated.
Further, the method for evaluating the fracture rotation speed of the rotor with the arc-shaped end tooth structure further comprises a sixth step, wherein the sixth step specifically comprises the following steps: and repeating the first step to the fifth step, respectively obtaining the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the circular arc end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part, and taking the rotating speed with lower numerical value in the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the circular arc end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part as the breaking rotating speed of the circular arc end tooth structure.
The specific examples of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of the rotor with the circular arc end tooth structure, and performing linear elastic finite element analysis at a reference rotating speed to obtain a finite element result. According to the characteristics that circular arc end tooth structure has cyclic symmetry, adopt the sector model during three-dimensional calculation, for the node stress gradient of drawing conveniently, bolt hole and circular arc end tooth root local unit should encrypt, guarantee that bolt hole and circular arc end tooth root department contain 6 nodes at least in 1mm size range, bolt hole circumference should satisfy per 9 and be no less than 1 layer of unit, and 3 layers of unit should be guaranteed at least to circular arc end tooth root, and the unit Jacobian should not less than 0.7.
S2, because dangerous parts of the arc end tooth structure are mainly tooth roots and bolt holes, the stress concentration degree of the tooth roots of the arc end teeth is generally larger than that of the bolt holes, the local point stress is possibly higher than that of the bolt holes, but the stress reduction amplitude is large, namely, the stress gradient is larger than that of the bolt holes, and therefore, the node stress, the temperature and the coordinates are extracted from the 1 st main stress maximum positions of the tooth roots of the arc end teeth and the bolt holes respectively in a finite element result. It should be noted that the temperature, stress and coordinates of each node are extracted along the principal stress maximum gradient path.
S3, obtaining the actually measured tensile property of the arc-shaped end teeth at the working temperature through linear interpolation according to the sampling test data of the same batch of dissections at different temperatures
Figure 809929DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
. According to the measured fracture toughness of the material>
Figure 844882DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
And measured tensile Property->
Figure 615391DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
From the formula
Figure 585753DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
And respectively determining the characteristic lengths L of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the bolt hole part.
S4, measuring the tensile property data
Figure 707292DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
And local point stress->
Figure 404990DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The results are compared when->
Figure 295586DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Based on the extracted node stress result, the sum of the pressure and the pressure is->
Figure 561482DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Calculating an effective stress in the characteristic length L->
Figure 780105DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
(ii) a Otherwise, increasing the rotation speed, performing finite element analysis (because the stress is in direct proportion to the square of the rotation speed, the stress result after the rotation speed is increased can be quickly obtained according to the stress result in the S2, and the finite element analysis is not needed), and then executing the working contents from the S1 to the S3;
s5, measuring the tensile property data
Figure 422439DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
And effective stress>
Figure 167541DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The results are compared and when->
Figure 728972DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Then the rotating speed is the cracking rotating speed; otherwise, continuing to increase the rotating speed, and then executing the working contents from S1 to S4;
and S6, after the steps from S1 to S5 are finished, the breaking rotating speeds of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the bolt hole part can be respectively obtained, and the lower rotating speeds of the tooth root and the bolt hole part are the breaking rotating speeds of the arc-shaped end tooth structure.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the evaluation method provided by the invention has higher prediction precision and safer result, and can meet the requirements of engineering application;
2. the performance parameters of the related materials of the wheel disc required by the evaluation method provided by the invention are all measured by adopting the existing material handbook and the disc body, and the data is easy to obtain;
3. the evaluation method provided by the invention has the advantages of less required parameters, easy operation and simpler method.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method for evaluating the fracture rotating speed of a rotor with a circular arc end tooth structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, performing linear elastic finite element analysis by adopting a three-dimensional model at a reference rotating speed to obtain a finite element result;
secondly, extracting first main stress, temperature and node coordinates of each node of the stress concentration part along the maximum direction of the main stress gradient at the stress concentration part according to the finite element result;
step three, obtaining the actually measured tensile property of the arc-shaped end tooth at the working temperature according to the sampling test data of the same batch of dissections at different temperatures
Figure 93584DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And actually measuring the fracture toughness of the material
Figure 624929DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And determining the characteristic length L;
step four, calculating the effective stress in the characteristic length L according to the characteristic length L determined in the step three, and the first main stress, the temperature and the node coordinates of each node of the stress concentration part in the step two
Figure 654065DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Step five, according to the actually measured tensile property data of the wheel disc
Figure 832236DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And the effective stress
Figure 48454DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Comparing the results to determine the rupture rotation speed;
the second step is specifically as follows: extracting a first main stress, a temperature and a node coordinate of a node at the maximum position of the first main stress of the tooth root and the bolt hole of the arc-shaped end respectively;
the third step is specifically as follows: according to the formula
Figure 88216DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Determining a characteristic length L;
the fourth step comprises:
step 4.1, comparing the stress of the local point of the stress concentration part
Figure 643963DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
With measured tensile properties
Figure 852090DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Size when
Figure 945817DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
From the formula
Figure 897592DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Calculating effective stress within a characteristic length L
Figure 776687DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The fourth step further comprises:
step 4.2, stress comparisonLocal point stress of concentrated part
Figure 421295DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
With measured tensile properties
Figure 297590DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Size when
Figure 928423DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Increasing the rotating speed and repeatedly executing the first step to the third step;
the fifth step comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, actually measuring tensile property data by the wheel disc
Figure 521078DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
And effective stress
Figure 461221DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
The results are compared when
Figure 404907DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Then, the rotation speed at this time is determined as the fracture rotation speed of the stress concentration portion.
2. The method for evaluating the fracture rotation speed of the circular arc end tooth structure rotor according to claim 1, wherein the step five further comprises the following steps:
step 5.2, when
Figure 839430DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
And when the rotation speed is increased, the rotation speed is continuously increased, and the first step to the fourth step are repeatedly executed.
3. The method for evaluating the burst rotational speed of the circular arc end tooth structure rotor according to claim 1, further comprising a sixth step, wherein the sixth step is specifically: and repeating the first step to the fifth step, and respectively obtaining the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part, wherein the breaking rotating speed of the arc-shaped end tooth structure is the smaller value of the breaking rotating speed of the tooth root of the arc-shaped end tooth and the breaking rotating speed of the bolt hole part.
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