CN115435760A - Novel three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technical method - Google Patents
Novel three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115435760A CN115435760A CN202211020605.8A CN202211020605A CN115435760A CN 115435760 A CN115435760 A CN 115435760A CN 202211020605 A CN202211020605 A CN 202211020605A CN 115435760 A CN115435760 A CN 115435760A
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Abstract
The method comprises the following steps of (1) respectively arranging at least three control points at an inlet and an outlet of a cavern to serve as known observation points; erecting a first prism and a second prism within a distance of 10-200m from the total station survey station, wherein the first prism and the second prism are respectively erected on two sides of the grotto so as to be respectively visible with the first total station survey station; the total station selects a learning measurement mode, sets observation measured numbers, manually aligns and observes each observation point clockwise by taking any point in the known observation points as a starting point, and detects and stores the known observation points, the first prism and the second prism after learning observation is sequentially finished; and after the study and measurement are finished, starting observation, automatically observing each learned observation point by the total station, measuring and storing after the observation is finished according to the set return number, finishing the observation of the station, closing the total station, and carrying out the observation of the next station until the observation is finished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-grade three-dimensional coordinate transmission of precision engineering, in particular to a set of novel three-dimensional coordinate precision transmission technical method.
Background
The three-dimensional coordinate transmission is mainly based on the traditional triangle elevation method or the improved triangle elevation method, and the fundamental reason that the transmission precision grade is three or less is that the influence of instrument centering errors and atmosphere shading errors on the measurement precision cannot be completely avoided.
Various wire measuring methods such as CP II, CP III and the like which are used for measuring and improving the wires are limited by instrument centering precision, angle measuring precision and the like, can only meet the conduction requirements of two-dimensional coordinates or elevation coordinates, and have higher requirements on the layout of graphs and narrower application range; although the precision of the traditional geometric leveling or precise electronic leveling method can meet the requirements of second-class and above, only the elevation coordinate measurement can be measured; both of them cannot meet the requirement of realizing precise three-dimensional coordinate transmission by single measurement.
For precision engineering measurement, especially for underground engineering measurement with complex terrain, it is very important to develop high-precision (second-order and above) three-dimensional coordinate conduction method research and perform underground construction control network layout.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problems in the background technology are solved, and a set of novel three-dimensional coordinate precise conduction technical method is provided. The method effectively avoids point aligning errors in the erecting process of the measuring instrument and the prism, so that no station erecting errors are accumulated and spread on a measuring route, the measuring precision can be effectively improved, and the instrument and the prism station are flexibly and conveniently erected and have high working efficiency.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a set of novel three-dimensional coordinate precise conduction technical method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively arranging at least three control points at an inlet and an outlet of a cavern to serve as known observation points;
s2, arranging the total station at the middle position of at least three control points at the entrance of the cavern to serve as a first total station measuring station, and enabling the total station and each known observation point to be in sight;
s3, inputting the humidity and air pressure parameters of the observation point into a total station;
s4, erecting a first prism and a second prism within a distance of 10-200m from the total station survey station, wherein the first prism and the second prism are respectively erected on two sides of the grotto so as to be respectively visible with the first total station survey station;
s5, respectively aligning the known observation point and the precision prisms on the first prism and the second prism to the first total station, and fixing the checked prisms to be input into the total station;
s6, the total station selects a learning measurement mode, sets observation measured numbers, takes any point in the known observation points as a starting point, manually aligns and observes each observation point clockwise in sequence, and measures and stores the known observation points, the first prism and the second prism after learning observation is completed in sequence;
s7, after the learning measurement is finished, observation is started, the total station automatically observes each learned observation point, and after the observation is finished according to the set return number, the observation is stored, the observation of the station is finished, the total station is closed, and the next station is observed;
s8, moving the total station to the middle position between the first prism and the second prism and the adjacent known observation point to serve as a second total station survey station for station setting, selecting a proper position within a range of 10-200m from the total station according to S4, respectively erecting a third prism and a fourth prism on two sides of the cavern, and repeating S3-S7 until the observation is finished;
and S9, after each observation of one station is finished, moving the two rear prisms to the station, moving the total station to the middle positions of the four front and rear prisms for observation again, and observing the distributed control points and the intermittent control points together during observation until all the observation stations are completely observed to form a closed ring or be closed to other known observation points.
In a preferable scheme, before S2, the total station and a matched prism are numbered and detected, and the total station and the matched prism can be used for conducting the precise three-dimensional coordinate after the total station and the matched prism are detected to be qualified.
In a preferred scheme, the total station requires the precision of 1' grade and above, the prism is a precision prism, and the support adopts a wood tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.
In a preferred scheme, in S3, a dry-wet thermometer and a barometer are placed in a shade place 1.2-1.5 meters away from the ground in the vicinity of the total station for 3-5 minutes, the difference between the dry temperature and the wet temperature is read, and the relative humidity of the air at that time can be checked by a comparison table attached to the hygrometer.
In a preferred embodiment, in S5, when the relative distance measurement fixed constant correction number b0> ± 0.3mm is detected by the first prism and the second prism, the prism constant of the corresponding number needs to be input and detected.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
a set of new three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technical method effectively avoids point aligning errors in the erecting process of the measuring instrument and the prism, so that the measuring route is free of accumulation and propagation of the erecting errors of the measuring station, the measuring precision can be effectively improved, and the erecting of the instrument and the prism station is flexible and convenient and high in working efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an eight-prism observation according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the hexagonal prism of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a four-prism observation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a layout diagram of the control and measurement of the diversion system in the second embodiment.
In the figure: the system comprises known inlet observation points J01-J04, known outlet observation points C01-C04, prism stations LTP 01-LTP 08, total station survey stations YTP 0-YTP 06 and intermittent control points TP01-TP 08.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. The observation conditions require:
(1) Detecting qualified total station, prism or reflector group (the detection method is disclosed in patent: ZL 202010450207.4).
(2) The total station requires the precision of 1' level and above, the prism is a precision prism, and the support adopts a wood tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.
(3) And the observation visual range of the initial point is correspondingly selected according to different precision grade requirements in the technical indexes.
(4) Each survey station for ground observation of meteorological parameters needs to be input, and underground observation can be carried out by inputting the survey stations once according to the temperature and the terrain change condition.
2. The technical requirements of observation are as follows:
(1) Accuracy requirement of observation instrument
(2) Observation of technical index
3. The observation technical method comprises the following steps:
(1) Scope of application of the method
The three-dimensional coordinate precise transmission method can be divided into an eight-prism method, a six-prism method and a four-prism method, wherein the eight-prism method can be combined into two lines for checking, a measuring line can be observed at one time without forward and backward measurement, the method is suitable for conducting three-dimensional coordinates by a closed wire method, an attached wire method and a branch wire method, and the precision can meet the requirements of the second class and above. The six-prism method does not need to carry out forward and backward measurement when three-dimensional coordinate transmission is carried out under a closed condition, and can meet the second-order precision requirement only by carrying out forward and backward measurement under other conditions, and the four-prism method needs to carry out forward and backward measurement. When underground precision engineering measurement with complex observation conditions, more shelters and no observation of a plurality of prisms is carried out, a 'four-prism method' can be considered, the method is distinguished from the former two methods as single-prism transfer station, the efficiency is relatively low, but the precision can also meet the precision requirements of the second class.
(2) Carrying out the step
Taking cavern measurement as an example, at least 3 control points are respectively arranged at an entrance and an exit of the cavern as a starting point and an attachment point. Control points are arranged in the tunnel as required, intermittent control points are arranged on the observation line and are arranged by adopting light reflecting sheets or forced centering observation piers so as to improve the measurement precision, four intermittent points are arranged in each group, and the surface direction of each light reflecting sheet faces to the general position of the instrument erection. Taking the "eight-prism method" as an example (the "six-prism method" and the "four-prism method" are similar, wherein the two methods are the two-station prism transfer station, and the "four-prism method" is the single-prism transfer station).
Step one, numbering a total station and a matched prism, detecting according to a novel constant detection method of a precise distance measuring instrument (ZL 202010450207.4), and using for precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction after the detection is qualified.
And step two, arranging the detected and qualified total station at the approximate position among the known points of the openings J01, J02, J03 and J04, and enabling the total station and each known observation point to be in sight.
And thirdly, placing the dry-wet thermometer and the barometer near the total station in a shade place 1.2-1.5 meters away from the ground for 3-5 minutes, reading out the difference between the dry temperature and the wet temperature, finding out the relative humidity of the air at that time by using a comparison table attached to the hygrometer, and inputting the air pressure and the humidity into the total station.
And fourthly, selecting proper positions within a distance of 170m from the total station survey station, erecting two groups of qualified prisms LTP01 and LTP02, and respectively assuming two sides of the hole so that the hole can be respectively in communication with the YTP0 of the first total station survey station.
And fifthly, respectively aligning the precision prisms on the known points J01-J04 and the unknown points LTP01 and LTP02 to the total station YTP0, measuring the J01-J04 prism height and inputting the J01-J04 prism height into the total station, wherein the LTP01 and LTP02 prism heights do not need to be measured, but need to be input with the corresponding numbered prism constants detected in the step one (if the correction b0 of the relative distance measurement fixed constant is less than or equal to +/-0.3 mm, the step can be omitted).
And step six, the total station selects a learning measurement mode, sets observation measured numbers, takes any point (such as J02) as a starting point, manually aligns and observes each observation point J01, J03, LTP01, LTP02 and J04 clockwise, and clicks to measure and store after each observation finishes learning observation in sequence.
And step seven, after the learning measurement is finished, clicking to start, automatically observing each learned observation point by the total station, clicking to store the observation points after the observation is finished according to the set measured number, closing the total station after the observation of the station is finished, and observing the next station.
Moving the total station to the middle positions of J03, J04, LTP01 and LTP02 for station setting, selecting proper positions within a range of 170m from the total station according to the same method in the fourth step, erecting LTP03 and LTP04 prism stations on two sides of the hole respectively, and repeating the third step to the seventh step until the observation is finished.
And step nine, after each observation station is finished, moving the two rear prisms LTP01 and LTP02 forward, moving the instrument to the approximate middle positions of the four front and rear prisms for observation again, observing the distributed control points J01-J04 and the intermittent control points TP01-TP04 together during observation, and forming a closed ring or closing the closed ring to other known observation points until all the observation stations finish observation according to the arrow direction in the figure.
4. Precision assessment
Taking the precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction of the control and measurement of a water diversion and power generation system of a certain hydropower station as an example, an 'eight-prism' method is adopted for observation and verification. This power station spillway construction control network central zone is about 0.6 kilometer to factory building construction control network central zone apart from, about 1.2 kilometers total of ground and underground control measurement circuit, total number of times of designing is 6, arrange in detail and see figure 4, diversion system control measurement lays the picture, diversion tunnel 1#, 2# hole control measurement adopts accurate three-dimensional coordinate transmission measurement technical method to survey, the measurement result sees 3 diversion tunnel control measurement of table and attaches some essence table:
TABLE 3 attached point precision meter for diversion tunnel control and measurement
As can be seen from the table above, the maximum error of the plane coordinate of the measurement result is 2.7mm, the maximum error of the elevation is 1.5mm, the maximum total length relative closure difference per kilometer is 1/150000 < 1/110000, and the technical requirements of the measurement of the second-class conducting wires are met; the error in the maximum elevation per kilometer by chance is less than 1mm and is 0.49mm, thereby meeting the technical requirements of national second-class leveling. See relevant regulations of Specification SL 52-2015 and Specification GB/T12897-2016 of first and second national leveling Specifications, respectively.
Through long-term technical verification, the method is high in reliability and precision, can be used for carrying out three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction related operation, is applied to a plurality of power stations for years, has a large amount of data for support, and has popularization and application conditions.
Regarding the selection of the "eight prism method", "six prism method", and "four prism method":
1. the reason for selecting the even number of prisms is to achieve front-back view symmetry, the number of the prisms can be increased under the condition of complex terrain to complete the observation task, and meanwhile, the observation precision is not influenced.
2. The reason for selecting the four-prism is that according to the measurement theory, when the rear intersection method is used for measurement, at least two control points are known for the front view and the rear view, which are needed by distance measurement and angle measurement, so that the simplest precise three-dimensional coordinate transmission method is the four-prism method, but the precision requirement can be met no matter a branch lead, an attached lead and a closed lead need to be subjected to backward measurement.
3. The reason for selecting the six prisms is that a group of prisms are added on the basis of a four-prism method, and in order to increase constraint conditions and further achieve the purpose of improving precision, at least one prism is added in front and at the back respectively to avoid the influence of atmospheric refractive difference on precision to the maximum extent. For other non-closed known point coordinate conduction, a back-and-forth measurement is still required.
4. The reason for selecting the octaprism is mainly considered that the measurement precision of the octaprism method can be ensured when the observation sight of an underground cavern is poor, even individual points cannot be seen through or individual prisms move in the observation process.
5. The odd prism observation method is selected, so that the atmospheric refractive error of front and back sight distances and the error of an instrument fixed constant cannot be eliminated; three or less prism methods are selected for observation, the rear intersection measurement principle is not met, and the measurement precision can not be ensured to meet the requirements of second-class and above; nine or more prisms are selected for observation, the number of prisms is too large, the observation efficiency is not high, and errors among the prisms are not easy to control.
Claims (5)
1. A set of novel three-dimensional coordinate precise conduction technical method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively arranging at least three control points at an inlet and an outlet of a cavern to serve as known observation points;
s2, arranging the total station at the middle position of at least three control points at the entrance of the cavern to serve as a first total station measuring station (YTP 0), so that the total station and each known observation point are in sight;
s3, inputting the humidity and air pressure parameters of the observation point into a total station;
s4, erecting a first prism (LTP 01) and a second prism (LTP 02) within a distance of 10-200m from the total station survey station, wherein the first prism (LTP 01) and the second prism (LTP 02) are respectively erected on two sides of the cavern, so that the first prism and the second prism can be respectively seen through the first total station survey station (YTP 0);
s5, respectively aligning the known observation point and the precise prisms on the first prism (LTP 01) and the second prism (LTP 02) survey station to the first total station survey station (YTP 0), and fixing the checked prisms to a high input total station;
s6, the total station selects a learning measurement mode, sets observation measured numbers, manually aligns and observes each observation point clockwise by taking any point in known observation points as a starting point, and measures and stores the known observation points, the first prism (LTP 01) and the second prism (LTP 02) after learning observation is sequentially finished;
s7, after the learning measurement is finished, observation is started, the total station automatically observes each learned observation point, and after the observation is finished according to the set return number, the observation is stored, the observation of the station is finished, the total station is closed, and the next station is observed;
s8, moving the total station to the middle position between the first prism (LTP 01) and the second prism (LTP 02) and an adjacent known observation point to serve as a second total station measuring station (YTP 01) for station setting, selecting a proper position within a range of 10-200m from the total station according to S4, respectively erecting a third prism (LTP 03) and a fourth prism (LTP 04) at two sides of the cavern, and repeating S3-S7 until the observation is finished;
and S9, after each observation of one station is finished, moving the two rear prisms to the station, moving the total station to the middle positions of the four front and rear prisms for observation again, and observing the distributed control points and the intermittent control points together during observation until all the observation stations are completely observed to form a closed ring or be closed to other known observation points.
2. The new set of three-dimensional precision coordinate transmission techniques of claim 1, further comprising, before S2, numbering and checking the total station and the matched prism, and if the total station and the matched prism are qualified, the total station and the matched prism can be used for precision three-dimensional coordinate transmission.
3. The new set of three-dimensional precision conduction techniques of claim 2, wherein said total station requires precision of 1 "or more, the prism is a precision prism, and the support is a wood tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.
4. The new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the dry and wet thermometer and barometer are placed near the total station in the shade 1.2-1.5 m high from the ground for 3-5 minutes, the difference between the dry and wet temperature is read, and the relative humidity of the air at that time is checked by the comparison table attached to the hygrometer.
5. The new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, when the relative distance measurement fixed constant correction number b0> ± 0.3mm is detected by the first prism (LTP 01) and the second prism (LTP 02), the corresponding numbered prism constant is input and detected.
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| CN115655206A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-01-31 | 富视达技术(武汉)有限公司 | Measurement data joint calculation system and method based on multi-vision displacement measurement equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115655206A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-01-31 | 富视达技术(武汉)有限公司 | Measurement data joint calculation system and method based on multi-vision displacement measurement equipment |
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