CN115420270A - High-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on cyclic shift frequency wide-spectrum light source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a cyclic frequency shift wide-spectrum light source, which comprises a cyclic frequency shift light source component (1), an optical circulator (2), a Y waveguide (3) and an optical fiber ring (4) which are sequentially connected; the optical circulator (2) is further connected with an optical detector (5), the optical detector (5) is connected with a modulation and demodulation circuit (6), the output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is connected with the Y waveguide (3) and the cyclic frequency shift light source component (1) respectively, and the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is further provided with a gyroscope output signal end. The invention has the characteristic of effectively improving the relative strength inhibition effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber gyroscope, in particular to a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a cyclic shift frequency wide spectrum light source.
Background
The main noise sources of the optical fiber gyroscope include shot noise, thermal noise, correlated intensity noise, signal sampling quantization noise, and the like. An erbium-doped fiber light source based on Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) is generally used to suppress back-reflection and scattering noise, optical Kerr effect noise in the fiber ring.
In the optical fiber gyroscope, the signal amplitude is in direct proportion to the power of a light source, the shot noise is in direct proportion to the square root of the optical power of the light source, and the correlated intensity noise is in direct proportion to the power of the light source. Therefore, when the power of the light source exceeds a certain value, the shot noise is negligible, and the correlated intensity noise becomes the most dominant noise source. At this time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical fiber gyro is no longer improved with the increase of the optical power. Therefore, the correlated intensity noise is one of the main factors limiting the index improvement of the high-precision optical fiber gyroscope.
Optical fiber gyroscopes generally employ ASE light sources of gaussian type spectra to improve the scale factor performance of the optical fiber gyroscope while limiting the size of the spectral width of the light source. For a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope, the method inhibits the relevant intensity noise in the optical fiber gyroscope, and is a key technology for effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the detection precision. At present, methods for suppressing the relevant intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope mainly include: a circuit cancellation scheme, a light path cancellation scheme, an active feedback scheme based on a light intensity modulator, etc. The circuit cancellation scheme requires strict time sequence control, so that the algorithm is complex and the realization difficulty is high. The optical path cancellation scheme requires real-time matching of the amplitudes of the reference light and the signal light to achieve a good suppression effect. In the active feedback scheme based on the optical intensity modulator, it is difficult to suppress the high frequency component in the relative intensity noise due to the limited bandwidth of the feedback signal. Therefore, the conventional technique has a problem that the relative intensity noise suppression effect is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circulating frequency shift broadband light source. The invention has the characteristic of effectively improving the relative strength inhibition effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circulating frequency shift wide-spectrum light source comprises a circulating frequency shift light source component, an optical circulator, a Y waveguide and an optical fiber ring which are sequentially connected; the optical circulator is also connected with an optical detector, the optical detector is connected with a modulation and demodulation circuit, the output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit is respectively connected with the Y waveguide and the cyclic frequency shift light source component, and the modulation and demodulation circuit is also provided with a gyroscope output signal end.
In the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope based on the cyclic frequency shift broadband light source, the cyclic frequency shift light source component comprises a seed light source, a frequency shift module, an optical filter and an optical isolator which are sequentially connected; the frequency shift module comprises an optical fiber coupler, a port a of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the seed light source, a port c of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the optical filter, and an optical fiber delay line and an acousto-optic frequency shifter are arranged between the port c and the port b of the optical fiber coupler.
In the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope based on the cyclic frequency shift wide-spectrum light source, the equivalent spectral width of the light wave output by the cyclic frequency shift light source component is greater than the spectral width of the seed light source.
In the foregoing high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, the optical fiber coupler is a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler.
In the high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on the cyclic shift frequency wide-spectrum light source, two output ports of the Y waveguide are respectively connected with two input ports of the optical fiber ring.
In the high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on the cyclic shift frequency wide-spectrum light source, the output port of the optical detector is connected with the port a of the modulation and demodulation circuit; the b port of the modulation and demodulation circuit is connected with the electrical modulation input port of the Y waveguide; the electric modulation input port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter is connected with the c port of the modulation and demodulation circuit; and the d port of the modulation and demodulation circuit is an output signal end of the optical fiber gyroscope.
In the high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on the circularly shifted broadband light source, the length of the optical fiber delay line is greater than the coherence length of the seed light source.
In the foregoing high-precision fiber optic gyroscope based on a cyclic frequency shift wide-spectrum light source, the cyclic frequency shift method of the cyclic frequency shift light source module includes:
the light wave emitted by the seed light source is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is output by the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line; the light wave after the primary frequency shift is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is used as a part of light wave output by the light source after passing through the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to secondary frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line again; in the circulation, the frequency of the light wave of the input seed light source is circularly shifted and accumulated, and then the light wave is output, and a series of light waves containing the light wave which is not shifted in frequency and the light wave which is shifted in frequency for each time are output; after the light waves output to the optical filter are screened, a series of light waves with light intensity superior to the bottom noise of the optical fiber gyroscope are screened out and output after passing through the optical isolator.
Compared with the prior art, the optical fiber gyroscope comprises the circulating frequency shift light source component, the optical circulator, the Y waveguide, the optical fiber ring, the optical detector and the modulation and demodulation circuit, the equivalent spectral width of the optical fiber gyroscope light source is increased by adopting the circulating frequency shift light source component, the equivalent spectral width of the optical wave output by the circulating frequency shift light source component is larger than the spectral width of the seed light source, the relative intensity noise suppression capability and the suppression effect can be effectively improved, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is further improved. Specifically, the circulating frequency shift light source component consists of an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber delay line and an acousto-optic frequency shifter, and the sum of a series of light waves including non-frequency-shifted light waves and light waves after frequency shift is output through mutual matching of the structures; and the length of the optical fiber delay line is far greater than the coherence length of the seed light source, so that all light wave components output by the light source are uncorrelated, the equivalent spectral width of the light wave of the input light source of the optical fiber gyroscope is increased, the suppression of the relative intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope is facilitated, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved. In conclusion, the present invention has the characteristic of effectively improving the relative strength inhibition effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The labels in the figures are: the device comprises a 1-circulating frequency shift light source component, a 2-optical circulator, a 3-Y waveguide, a 4-optical fiber ring, a 5-optical detector, a 6-modulation and demodulation circuit, a 101-seed light source, a 102-frequency shift module, a 103-optical filter, a 104-optical isolator, a 121-optical fiber coupler, a 122-optical fiber delay line and a 123-acousto-optic frequency shifter.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples are given. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circulating frequency shift wide-spectrum light source is shown in figure 1 and comprises a circulating frequency shift light source component 1, an optical circulator 2, a Y waveguide 3 and an optical fiber ring 4 which are sequentially connected; the optical circulator 2 is further connected with an optical detector 5, the optical detector 5 is connected with a modulation and demodulation circuit 6, the output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit 6 is respectively connected with the Y waveguide 3 and the cyclic frequency shift light source component 1, and the modulation and demodulation circuit 6 is further provided with a gyroscope output signal end.
The circulating frequency shift light source component 1 comprises a seed light source 101, a frequency shift module 102, an optical filter 103 and an optical isolator 104 which are connected in sequence; the frequency shift module 102 includes an optical fiber coupler 121, a port a of the optical fiber coupler 121 is connected to the seed light source 101, a port c of the optical fiber coupler 121 is connected to the optical filter 103, and an optical fiber delay line 122 and an acousto-optic frequency shifter 123 are disposed between the port c and the port b of the optical fiber coupler 121.
The equivalent spectral width of the output light wave of the cyclic frequency shift light source component 1 is larger than that of the seed light source 101.
The optical fiber coupler 121 is a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler.
Two output ports of the Y waveguide 3 are connected to two input ports of the fiber ring 4, respectively.
The output port of the optical detector 5 is connected with the port a of the modulation and demodulation circuit 6; the port b of the modulation and demodulation circuit 6 is connected with the electrical modulation input port of the Y waveguide 3; the electrical modulation input port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter 123 is connected with the c port of the modulation and demodulation circuit 6; and the d port of the modulation and demodulation circuit 6 is an output signal end of the optical fiber gyroscope.
The length of the fiber delay line 122 is greater than the coherence length of the seed light source 101.
The cyclic frequency shift method of the cyclic frequency shift light source component 1 comprises the following steps:
the light wave emitted by the seed light source is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is output by the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line; the light wave after primary frequency shift is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is used as a part of light wave output by the light source after passing through the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to secondary frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line again; in the circulation, the frequency of the light wave of the input seed light source is circularly shifted and accumulated, and then the light wave is output, and a series of light waves containing the light wave which is not shifted in frequency and the light wave which is shifted in frequency for each time are output; after the light waves output to the optical filter are screened, a series of light waves with light intensity superior to the bottom noise of the optical fiber gyroscope are screened out and output after passing through the optical isolator.
The output port of the wide-spectrum light source is connected with the a-th port of the optical circulator, and the b-th port of the optical circulator is connected with the input port of the Y waveguide; the c-th port of the optical circulator is connected with the input port of the optical detector;
two output ports of the Y waveguide are respectively connected with two input ports of the optical fiber ring;
the output port of the optical detector is connected with the port a of the modulation and demodulation circuit; the electrical modulation input port of the Y waveguide is connected with a port b of the modulation and demodulation circuit; the electric modulation input port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter is connected with the c port of the modulation and demodulation circuit; and the d port of the modulation and demodulation circuit is used as the output of the optical fiber gyroscope.
The seed light source is connected with the a-th port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, the d-th port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with the input of the optical fiber delay line, the output of the optical fiber delay line is connected with the input of the acousto-optic frequency shifter, the output of the acousto-optic frequency shifter is connected with the b-th port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, the c-th port of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with the input of the optical filter, the output of the optical filter is connected with the input of the optical isolator, and the output of the optical isolator is used as the output of the wide-spectrum light source.
The equivalent spectral width of the light wave output by the circulating frequency shift wide-spectrum light source is larger than that of the seed light source, so that the suppression of the relative intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope is facilitated, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved. According to the actual relative intensity noise suppression requirement of the optical fiber gyroscope, the power of the seed light source and the splitting ratio of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler can be optimally selected.
The length of the optical fiber delay line is larger than the coherence length of the input seed light source light wave.
The optical filter is used for filtering out frequency components in the wide-spectrum light source, wherein the frequency components are lower than the bottom noise of the optical fiber gyroscope.
The light wave emitted by the seed light source is divided into two light waves (the splitting ratio is 50); the light wave after the primary frequency shift (the acousto-optic frequency shifter is to shift the light wave with the central frequency f0 to the position of the central frequency f0+ δ f, δ f is the frequency of the acousto-optic frequency shifter) is divided into two light waves (the latter one and the other one are also split by the optical fiber coupler, the device divides any input light into two parts and outputs the two parts by two tail fibers respectively), wherein one light wave passes through the optical filter and is used as a part of light wave output by the light source, the other light wave passes through the optical fiber delay line again and is subjected to frequency shift again by the acousto-optic frequency shifter (the input light frequency is f0, the cyclic output light wave comprises the original part of light wave and the cyclic primary light wave, namely f0 and f0+ δ f, the cyclic output light wave comprises f0 and f0+ δ f and f0+2 δ f, and the like). After output light waves of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler pass through the optical filter, a series of light waves with light intensity superior to the bottom noise of the optical fiber gyro are screened out and output after passing through the optical isolator. The light wave output by the final circular frequency shift broad spectrum light source is the sum of a series of light waves, including the light wave without frequency shift and the light wave after frequency shift. When the length of the optical fiber delay line is far greater than the coherence length of the seed light source, all light wave components output by the light source are irrelevant, so that the equivalent spectral width of the light wave of the input light source of the optical fiber gyroscope is increased (if the frequency shift cycle is retained for 100 times after filtering by an optical filter, then the optical spectrum has 101 types (including the original wavelength)), and the suppression of the relative intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope is facilitated, so that the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the relationship between the relevant intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope and the equivalent spectral width of the light source is as follows:
wherein σ RIN The amplitude of the relevant intensity noise of the optical fiber gyroscope is shown, and the delta ν is the equivalent spectral width of the light source.
The invention improves the equivalent spectral width of light wave by adopting a cyclic frequency shift method consisting of the optical fiber coupler, the optical fiber delay line and the acousto-optic frequency shifter, and realizes the cyclic frequency shift wide-spectrum light source for the optical fiber gyroscope. By adopting the circulating frequency shift broad spectrum light source, the relative intensity noise suppression capability of the optical fiber gyroscope can be improved, and the precision of the optical fiber gyroscope is improved.
When the spectral width of the seed light source is delta v 0 The splitting ratio of the optical coupler adopts a ratio of 50: at 50, the equivalent spectral width Δ v of the circularly shifted broadband spectral light source is:
according to the formula (1), when the spectral width of the light source for the optical fiber gyro is doubled, the accuracy of the optical fiber gyro limited by the relative intensity noise is improved
And (4) doubling.
Claims (8)
1. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a cyclic shift frequency wide spectrum light source is characterized in that: comprises a cyclic frequency shift light source component (1), an optical circulator (2), a Y waveguide (3) and an optical fiber ring (4) which are connected in sequence; the optical circulator (2) is further connected with an optical detector (5), the optical detector (5) is connected with a modulation and demodulation circuit (6), the output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is respectively connected with the Y waveguide (3) and the cyclic frequency shift light source component (1), and the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is further provided with a gyroscope output signal end.
2. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circulating frequency shift light source component (1) comprises a seed light source (101), a frequency shift module (102), an optical filter (103) and an optical isolator (104) which are sequentially connected; the frequency shift module (102) comprises an optical fiber coupler (121), a port a of the optical fiber coupler (121) is connected with the seed light source (101), a port c of the optical fiber coupler (121) is connected with the optical filter (103), and an optical fiber delay line (122) and an acousto-optic frequency shifter (123) are arranged between the port c and the port b of the optical fiber coupler (121).
3. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the equivalent spectral width of the output light wave of the circulating frequency shift light source component (1) is larger than that of the seed light source (101).
4. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the optical fiber coupler (121) is a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler.
5. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, according to claim 1, characterized in that: two output ports of the Y waveguide (3) are respectively connected with two input ports of the optical fiber ring (4).
6. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the output port of the optical detector (5) is connected with the port a of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6); the b port of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is connected with the electrical modulation input port of the Y waveguide (3); the electric modulation input port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter (123) is connected with the c port of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6); and the d port of the modulation and demodulation circuit (6) is an output signal end of the optical fiber gyroscope.
7. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length of the fiber delay line (122) is greater than the coherence length of the seed light source (101).
8. A high-precision optical fiber gyroscope based on a circularly shifted broadband light source according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the circulating frequency shift method of the circulating frequency shift light source component (1) comprises the following steps:
the light wave emitted by the seed light source is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is output by the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line; the light wave after the primary frequency shift is divided into two light waves by the optical fiber coupler, wherein one light wave is used as a part of light wave output by the light source after passing through the optical filter, and the other light wave is subjected to secondary frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter after passing through the optical fiber delay line again; in the circulation, the frequency of the light wave of the input seed light source is circularly shifted and accumulated, and then the light wave is output, and a series of light waves containing the light wave which is not shifted in frequency and the light wave which is shifted in frequency for each time are output; after the light waves output to the optical filter are screened, a series of light waves with light intensity superior to the bottom noise of the optical fiber gyroscope are screened out and output after passing through the optical isolator.
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| CN101706280A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Optical path structure for stimulated Brillouin optical fiber gyroscope |
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