CN115419661A - Low-heating power-off brake - Google Patents

Low-heating power-off brake Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115419661A
CN115419661A CN202211047630.5A CN202211047630A CN115419661A CN 115419661 A CN115419661 A CN 115419661A CN 202211047630 A CN202211047630 A CN 202211047630A CN 115419661 A CN115419661 A CN 115419661A
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China
Prior art keywords
base
steel ball
brake
power
rear armature
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Application number
CN202211047630.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN115419661B (en
Inventor
乐中宇
叶宇
顾伯忠
姜翔
赵特
翟刘彬
何鑫
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Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology NIAOT of CAS
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Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology NIAOT of CAS
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Priority to CN202211047630.5A priority Critical patent/CN115419661B/en
Publication of CN115419661A publication Critical patent/CN115419661A/en
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Publication of CN115419661B publication Critical patent/CN115419661B/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/14Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F16D2121/22Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-heating power-loss brake. The power-off brake comprises an electromagnet, a base, a steel ball, a brake spring, a rear armature, a return spring, a thrust disc, a friction disc and a target shaft. When the power is switched on for standby, the electromagnet enables the rear armature to move towards the base, the rear armature pushes the steel ball to move towards the center of the base along the guide hole, when the lower end face of the constraint section of the rear armature is lower than the center face of the steel ball, the outward movement of the steel ball is locked by the constraint section of the rear armature, and the steel ball is inwards attached to the thrust disc to block the downward movement of the thrust disc; when the electric brake is lost, the rear armature is far away from the base under the elastic force action of the reset spring, the lower end face of the constraint section of the rear armature is higher than the axis of the guide hole, the steel ball moves outwards along the guide hole, the blocking of the steel ball to the thrust disc disappears, and the thrust disc compresses the friction disc under the action of the brake spring, so that the target shaft is braked. The invention has low power consumption and low thermal power when electrified for a long time, and is particularly suitable for the field of astronomical telescopes and the like which are sensitive to heating and temperature rise.

Description

Low-heating power-off brake
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromechanics, in particular to a low-heating power-loss brake which is particularly suitable for the field of astronomical telescopes and the like which are sensitive to heating and temperature rise.
Background
The large-scale ground astronomical telescope tracks the celestial body through the motion of the tracking shaft system during observation, and the tracking shaft system needs to be equipped with a power-off brake for braking in view of safety. One observation of the telescope can last for hours, and the power-off brake needs to be electrified for a long time. Practice shows that the heat power of the traditional power-off brake can reach 35 watts to hundreds of watts, and the temperature rise of the power-off brake can reach 40 ℃ to 80 ℃ when the power-off brake is electrified for a long time. The temperature rise of the power-off brake heats the surrounding air and structure, influences the visual acuity of the lens cone, causes the thermal deformation of the structure, and finally possibly influences the observation effect of the telescope, so the thermal power and the temperature rise of the power-off brake must be reduced.
The basic principle of the traditional power-off brake is that an electromagnet attracts an armature and releases a brake disc when being electrified, and the armature is pressed by a spring and then the brake disc is pressed for braking when the power-off brake is powered on. The electromagnet is a core element of the power-off brake, the braking torque of the power-off brake is derived from the hold-down spring, but the magnitude of the braking torque is related to the magnitude of the attraction force of the electromagnet, and the attraction force of the electromagnet is directly related to the heating power.
The temperature rise of the power-off brake is mainly determined by the heating power and the heat dissipation power. There are mainly 2 ways to reduce the temperature rise of the power-off brake: 1. the heating power is reduced. 2. The heat dissipation power is increased. For the approach 1, the physical law is limited, and the conventional power-off brake has a limited reduction range of heating power because the attraction force of the electromagnet is strongly related to the heating power. For the 2 nd approach, increasing the heat dissipation power requires the use of a fin type heat dissipation structure, a liquid cooling or heat pipe heat dissipation system, etc., which have a large structural size, and if the heat transfer distance of the heat dissipation system is not long, the heat will still be dissipated to the surrounding air and the structure, which still affects the visual acuity of the lens barrel and causes the thermal deformation of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-heating power-loss brake which is particularly suitable for the field of astronomical telescopes and the like which are sensitive to heating and temperature rise.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-heating power-loss brake comprises an electromagnet, a base, a steel ball, a brake spring, a rear armature, a reset spring, a thrust disc, a friction disc and a target shaft, wherein the friction disc is arranged on the target shaft through a spline pair, the brake spring is arranged between the base and the thrust disc and used for providing pressing force from the thrust disc to the friction disc so as to form brake torque, a radial guide hole is formed in the upper part of the base, the steel ball is placed in the guide hole and can freely roll in the guide hole along the axial direction of the hole, the thrust disc is arranged on the inner side of the guide hole of the base, the rear armature is arranged on the outer side of the guide hole of the base, the movement of the steel ball is limited by the thrust disc on the inner side of the base, the rear armature is limited on the outer side of the base, an inner hole of the rear armature is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a restraining section matched with the base, the lower section is an anti-falling section used for preventing the steel ball from falling off when the rear armature moves upwards, the aperture of the lower section is larger than that of the steel ball, and the thrust disc is provided with an axial long groove;
when the steel ball is electrified and standby, the rear armature moves towards the base under the action of the electromagnet, and the rear armature pushes the steel ball to move towards the center of the base along the guide hole; when the rear armature iron is tightly attached to the base, the lower end face of the restraint section of the rear armature iron is lower than the central face of the steel ball, the outward movement of the steel ball is locked by the restraint section of the rear armature iron, and the steel ball is tightly attached to the axial long groove of the thrust disc inwards to block the downward movement of the thrust disc;
when the electric brake is lost, the rear armature is far away from the base under the elastic force action of the reset spring, the lower end face of the restraint section of the rear armature is higher than the axis of the guide hole, the steel ball moves outwards along the guide hole, the blocking of the steel ball to the thrust disc disappears, and the thrust disc compresses the friction disc under the action of the brake spring, so that the target shaft is braked.
Furthermore, the reset spring provides the lifting force of the armature after power failure, the lifting force of the reset spring is greater than the friction force between the steel ball and the rear armature, and the sum of the friction force between the steel ball and the rear armature and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet after long-term power on is greater than the lifting force of the reset spring.
Furthermore, different effects of reducing the thermal power are obtained by using the return springs with different elastic forces.
Furthermore, the upper end of the thrust disc is provided with a limiting flange, the end part of the limiting flange is always abutted to the steel ball in the up-and-down movement range of the thrust disc, and the end part of the limiting flange is always higher than the center of the steel ball.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature is a cylindrical surface or a circular table top with a small diameter at the upper end and a large diameter at the lower end; when the inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature is a circular truncated cone, the requirement on the elastic force of the return spring during power failure is changed by changing the angle between a bus of the circular truncated cone and the shaft.
Furthermore, the power supply device also comprises a short-time delay power-off relay, wherein the electromagnet is full power at the initial stage of electrifying, the current of the electromagnet is reduced by the short-time delay power-off relay after electrifying, and the electromagnet is kept in a low-power state at the subsequent electrifying stage.
Furthermore, the lower parts of the base and the thrust disc are both provided with guide sections, the guide sections of the base are holes, the guide sections of the thrust disc are shafts, and the guide sections of the base and the thrust disc are in clearance fit; the upper parts of the rear armature and the base are both provided with guide sections, the guide sections of the rear armature are holes, the guide sections of the base are shafts, and the rear armature and the guide sections of the base are in clearance fit.
The friction disc is located between the thrust disc and the bottom plate, when the friction disc and the bottom plate are pressed by the thrust disc along the axial direction, friction torque acting on the friction disc is transmitted to the target shaft through the spline pair, and the target shaft is braked.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a rear cover arranged above the base and an adjusting screw used for adjusting the distance between the thrust disc and the bottom plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the power consumption and the thermal power of the power-off brake are very low when the power-on brake is electrified for a long time. For example, the thermal power of the traditional power-off brake reaches tens of watts, and the long-term power consumption and the thermal power of the power-off brake can be reduced by more than one order of magnitude under the same braking torque, so that the power-off brake is particularly suitable for the field of astronomical telescopes and the like sensitive to heating and temperature rise.
The structure of the power-off brake is relatively compact. When low heating and low temperature rise are realized, a complex heat dissipation system is not needed.
The power-off brake is relatively simple in structure and reliable in movement.
The power-off brake is easy to realize serialization and standardization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the power-on state of the low-heat-generation and power-loss brake.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power-off state of the low-heat power-off brake.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged structural view of a portion B in fig. 3.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a base; 2. a rear cover; 3. an electromagnet; 4. a rear armature; 5. a return spring; 6. a steel ball; 7. a brake spring; 8. a friction disk; 9. a thrust disc; 10. a short time delay power-off relay; 11. adjusting the screw; 12. a base plate; 13. a target axis.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment provides a low heat loss electric brake as shown in fig. 1 to 4. The low-heating power-loss brake comprises a base 1, a rear cover 2, an electromagnet 3, a rear armature 4, a return spring 5, a steel ball 6, a brake spring 7, a friction disc 8, a thrust disc 9, a short-time delay power-off relay 10, an adjusting screw 11, a bottom plate 12 and a target shaft 13.
For ease of illustration, the direction is agreed: the bottom plate 12 is at the lower position, and the rear cover 2 is at the upper position.
The base 1 of the present embodiment is cylindrical, as shown in fig. 1, the base 1 is provided with an annular groove, the electromagnet 3 is installed in the annular groove, the annular groove allows a magnetic field of the electromagnet 3 to pass through two end faces of the base, the magnetic field is closed by the thrust disc 9 at the lower end face of the base 1, and the magnetic field is closed by the rear armature 4 at the upper end face of the base 1.
The upper part of the base 1 is provided with 3 radial guide holes (the number of the radial guide holes is not limited to 3, and can be determined according to specific conditions), a steel ball 6 is placed in each radial guide hole, and the steel balls 6 can flexibly roll in the guide holes along the axial direction of the holes. The inner side of the base guide hole is the thrust disc 9, and the outer side of the base guide hole is the rear armature 4. The movement of the steel ball 6 is limited by the thrust disc 9 at the inner side of the base 1 and limited by the rear armature 4 at the outer side of the base 1.
This embodiment base 1 and thrust disc 9 are equipped with the direction section in the lower part, and base 1 is the hole, and thrust disc 9 is the axle, and the direction section is clearance fit. The rear armature 4 and the base 1 are provided with guide sections at the upper parts, the rear armature 4 is a hole, the base 1 is an axis, and the guide sections are in clearance fit. The size of the fit clearance is determined according to the flexibility and reliability of the movement of the part.
In this embodiment, a limit flange is arranged at the upper end of the thrust disc 9, and in the up-and-down movement range of the thrust disc 9, the end of the limit flange is always abutted to the steel ball 6, and the end of the limit flange is always higher than the center of the steel ball 6.
The inner hole of the rear armature 4 of the present embodiment is divided into an upper section and a lower section: the upper section is a matching section of the rear armature iron 4 and the base 1, and the lower part of the matching section is a restraining section; the lower section is a steel ball 6 anti-falling section which has the function of preventing the steel ball 6 from falling off when the rear armature 4 moves upwards.
The inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature is a cylindrical surface or a circular table top with a small diameter at the upper end and a large diameter at the lower end, and the inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature 4 of the present embodiment is a cylindrical surface, as shown in fig. 2 and 4. The rear armature 4 of the inner hole upper section of the rear armature 4 of the present embodiment has the same diameter as the matching section of the base 1 and the restraining section of the lower part of the inner hole upper section.
The return spring 5 of this embodiment is a circular thin-plate structure, and the free position of the return spring 5 is the center of a circle and is coplanar with the circumference. The circle center of the return spring 5 is connected with the base 1, and the circumference of the return spring 5 is connected with the rear armature 4. When the rear armature 4 is tightly attached to the base 1 under the action of the attraction force of the electromagnet, the elastic force of the return spring 5 is upward, namely the rear armature 4 is far away from the base 1 by the elastic force; when the return spring 5 is positioned at the free position, the lower end surface of the restraint section of the rear armature 4 is higher than the axis of the guide hole, so that the outward movement of the steel ball 6 along the guide hole in the state can not be locked by the restraint section of the rear armature 4; when the rear armature iron 4 is far away from the base 1 under the action of the thrust of the steel ball 6, the elastic force of the return spring 5 is downward, namely the elastic force presses the rear armature iron 4 to the base 1.
The return spring 5 of the present embodiment may be of other spring types, but the present embodiment selects the return spring 5 as a circular thin plate structure in view of compactness.
The base plate 12 of this embodiment is fixed, and the target shaft 13 is a rotation shaft to be braked.
The friction disc 8 and the target shaft 13 of the present embodiment have a spline pair in the center, and under the constraint of the spline pair, the friction disc 8 cannot rotate around the target shaft 13, but can only move along the axial direction of the target shaft 13.
The friction disc 8 of this embodiment is located between the thrust disc 9 and the base plate 12. When the thrust plate 9 presses the friction plate 8 and the bottom plate 12 in the axial direction, the friction torque acting on the friction plate 8 is transmitted to the target shaft 13 through the spline pair, and the target shaft 13 is braked.
The brake spring 7 of this embodiment provides a pressing force of the thrust plate 9 to the friction plate 8, eventually creating a braking torque.
The return spring 5 of the present embodiment provides a lifting force of the rear armature 4 in the event of a loss of power. The lifting force of the return spring 5 is larger than the friction force between the steel ball 6 and the armature 4. The friction force between the steel ball 6 and the armature 4 and the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnet 3 after long-term electrification are greater than the lifting force of the return spring 5.
The action of the power-off brake after being electrified in the embodiment is as follows: under the action of the electromagnet, the thrust disc moves upwards along the axial direction and is far away from the bottom plate, the friction torque originally acting on the friction disc disappears, and the friction disc rotates along with the target shaft without being blocked; the rear armature moves towards the base, and the inner circle of the lower end face of the restraint section of the rear armature pushes the steel ball to move towards the center of the base along the guide hole. When the rear armature iron is tightly attached to the base, the lower end face of the constraint section of the rear armature iron is lower than the axis of the guide hole, and the outward movement of the steel ball is locked by the constraint section of the rear armature iron. The steel ball is attached to the inward and tight thrust disc to block the downward movement of the thrust disc. The electromagnet of the invention has full power in the initial stage of electrification, and after a short time after electrification, the current of the electromagnet can be reduced by more than one order of magnitude by the time-delay power-off relay, and the electromagnet keeps a low-power state in the subsequent long-term electrification stage. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The action of the power-off brake after power-off is as follows: the rear armature moves upwards under the action of the elastic force of the return spring and is far away from the base, when the lower end face of the restraint section of the rear armature is higher than the axis of the guide hole, the steel ball can move outwards along the guide hole, so that the blocking of the steel ball to the thrust disc disappears, and the thrust disc presses the friction disc and the bottom plate under the action of the brake spring, so that the target shaft is braked. As shown in fig. 3 and 4
The delayed power-off relay of the embodiment is connected in parallel with a long-term power supply line. The excitation circuit of the electromagnet of the embodiment is divided into two parts, wherein most of the excitation circuit is connected with the time-delay power-off relay, and the few excitation circuits are connected with the long-term power supply circuit. In a short time after the electrification, all magnet exciting coils of the electromagnet run at full power, after the time delay of several seconds, the time delay power-off relay breaks a loop, the coils connected with the time delay power-off relay stop exciting, and the coils connected with a long-term power supply line continuously excite. The power-off brake of the embodiment can be operated in a low-power standby mode for a long time at a later time.
The invention can change the angle between the generatrix of the round table of the restraint section of the rear armature and the shaft, the diameter of the steel ball, the height of the contact point of the thrust disc and the steel ball, the height of the end face of the restraint section of the rear armature and other parameters by using the return springs with different elastic forces, thereby obtaining different effects of reducing the thermal power.
In summary, the tail of the base is provided with the radial guide hole, and the steel ball can flexibly roll in the guide hole along the radial direction of the base. When the device is in standby, under the action of the electromagnet, the rear armature iron is tightly attached to the base, and the steel ball is restrained inwards to block the thrust disc. When the electric brake is lost, the rear armature is far away from the base under the elastic force action of the reset spring, the steel ball is released, the blocking to the thrust disc is cancelled, and the friction disc and the bottom plate are pressed by the thrust disc under the action of the brake spring, so that the target shaft is braked. The electromagnet of the invention has full power in the initial standby stage, and then after a short time, the current of the electromagnet is reduced to a small value by the time-delay power-off relay, and the electromagnet keeps a low-power state in the subsequent long-term power-on stage. The brake has the obvious advantages of low power consumption and low thermal power when the brake is electrified for a long time, and is particularly suitable for the field of astronomical telescopes and the like which are sensitive to heating and temperature rise.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A low-heating power-loss brake is characterized by comprising an electromagnet, a base, a steel ball, a brake spring, a rear armature, a return spring, a thrust disc, a friction disc and a target shaft, wherein the friction disc is arranged on the target shaft through a spline pair, the brake spring is arranged between the base and the thrust disc and used for providing pressing force from the thrust disc to the friction disc so as to form brake torque, a radial guide hole is formed in the upper part of the base, the steel ball is placed in the guide hole and can freely roll in the guide hole along the axial direction of the hole, the thrust disc is arranged on the inner side of the guide hole of the base, the rear armature is arranged on the outer side of the guide hole of the base, the movement of the steel ball is limited by the thrust disc on the inner side of the base and limited by the rear armature on the outer side of the base, an inner hole of the rear armature is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a restraining section matched with the base, the lower section is an anti-falling-off section used for preventing the rear armature from moving upwards, the aperture of the steel ball is larger than that of the upper section, and the thrust disc is provided with an axial long groove;
when the device is electrified for standby, the rear armature moves towards the base under the action of the electromagnet, and the rear armature pushes the steel ball to move towards the center of the base along the guide hole; when the rear armature iron is tightly attached to the base, the lower end face of the restraint section of the rear armature iron is lower than the central face of the steel ball, the outward movement of the steel ball is locked by the restraint section of the rear armature iron, and the steel ball is tightly attached to the axial long groove of the thrust disc inwards to block the downward movement of the thrust disc;
when the electric brake is lost, the rear armature is far away from the base under the elastic force action of the reset spring, the lower end face of the constraint section of the rear armature is higher than the axis of the guide hole, the steel ball moves outwards along the guide hole, the blocking of the steel ball to the thrust disc disappears, and the thrust disc compresses the friction disc under the action of the brake spring, so that the target shaft is braked.
2. The brake of claim 1, wherein the return spring provides a lifting force of the rear armature after power failure, the lifting force of the return spring is greater than a friction force between the steel ball and the rear armature, and a sum of the friction force between the steel ball and the rear armature and a long-term power-on electromagnetic force of the electromagnet is greater than the lifting force of the return spring.
3. The brake of claim 2, wherein different thermal power reduction effects are obtained by using return springs with different spring forces.
4. The brake with low heat and power loss as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper end of the thrust disc is provided with a limit flange, the end of the limit flange is always abutted against the steel ball within the vertical movement range of the thrust disc, and the end of the limit flange is always higher than the center of the steel ball.
5. The brake of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature is a cylindrical surface or a circular table surface with a small diameter at the upper end and a large diameter at the lower end; when the inner surface of the restraint section of the rear armature is a circular truncated cone, the requirement on the elastic force of the return spring during power failure is changed by changing the angle between a bus of the circular truncated cone and the shaft.
6. The brake of claim 1, further comprising a short-time delay power-off relay, wherein the electromagnet is at full power in the initial stage of power-on, the current of the electromagnet is reduced by the short-time delay power-off relay after power-on, and the electromagnet is kept at a low power state in the subsequent stage of power-on.
7. The brake of claim 1, wherein the base and the thrust disc are provided with guide sections at the lower parts, the guide sections of the base are holes, the guide sections of the thrust disc are shafts, and the guide sections of the base and the thrust disc are in clearance fit; the upper parts of the rear armature and the base are both provided with guide sections, the guide sections of the rear armature are holes, the guide sections of the base are shafts, and the guide sections of the rear armature and the base are in clearance fit.
8. The low heat and power loss brake of claim 1, further comprising a base plate, wherein the base plate is fixed, the base plate and the thrust plate are both mounted on the base plate, the target shaft is movably disposed through the base plate, the friction disc is disposed between the thrust plate and the base plate, and when the thrust plate axially compresses the friction disc and the base plate, friction torque acting on the friction disc is transmitted to the target shaft through the spline pair, so that the target shaft is braked.
9. The brake of claim 1, further comprising a rear cover mounted above the base, and an adjusting screw for adjusting the distance between the thrust disc and the bottom plate.
CN202211047630.5A 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Low-heating power-off brake Active CN115419661B (en)

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CN115419661B CN115419661B (en) 2024-06-14

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