CN115418602B - Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents

Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115418602B
CN115418602B CN202211263158.9A CN202211263158A CN115418602B CN 115418602 B CN115418602 B CN 115418602B CN 202211263158 A CN202211263158 A CN 202211263158A CN 115418602 B CN115418602 B CN 115418602B
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workpiece
carbonitriding
stainless steel
austenitic stainless
furnace
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CN115418602A (en
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张仕恒
边洪岩
张江峰
龙金
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Guizhou Liyang International Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following steps: providing a workpiece; grinding the surface of the workpiece to be smooth by adopting sand paper; soaking the workpiece by adopting an acid solution; cleaning a workpiece by adopting an ultrasonic cleaner; preheating a carbonitriding furnace, and feeding carbonitriding gas; and (3) putting the workpiece into a carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas for a proper time, and taking out the workpiece. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece is ground by adopting the sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface tissue of the workpiece is improved; the acid washing method is adopted to improve the activity of the surface tissue of the workpiece and break the oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece; the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaning method, and the channels of carbon and nitrogen atoms penetrating into the workpiece matrix are dredged; when the carbonitriding is carried out, the preheating treatment is carried out firstly, and then when the carbonitriding is carried out, carbon and nitrogen atoms are enabled to enter into a workpiece matrix, so that the thickness, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the carbonitriding layer of the austenitic stainless steel are improved.

Description

Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment processes, and particularly relates to a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel.
Background
Austenitic stainless steel refers to stainless steel having an austenitic structure at ordinary temperature. The steel contains about 18% Cr, 8% -25% Ni and about 0.1% C, and has a stable austenite structure. The austenitic stainless steel is nonmagnetic, has excellent mechanical properties, high toughness and plasticity, and strong workability and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, automobiles, machinery, marine transportation, marine components and the like; however, the austenitic stainless steel has the defects of low surface strength and hardness, low wear resistance and fatigue resistance due to extremely low carbon content, and can not be reinforced by phase transformation, so that the service range and the service life of the austenitic stainless steel are seriously affected. In order to expand the application range of austenitic stainless steel, the surface of the austenitic stainless steel needs to be strengthened by adopting a carbonitriding treatment mode, so that the surface hardness of the austenitic stainless steel is improved, and the wear resistance and the service life of the austenitic stainless steel are improved. For example, publication No.: the patent document of CN107022732A discloses a low-temperature gas carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the steps of carrying out surface passivation film treatment on an austenitic stainless steel workpiece, placing the austenitic stainless steel workpiece into a carbonitriding furnace, vacuumizing, introducing carbonitriding gas, and carrying out carbonitriding treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
step one: providing a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece to be smooth by adopting sand paper;
step three: putting the workpiece into an acidic solution, soaking for a proper time, taking out, and cleaning the workpiece by adopting clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece into an ultrasonic cleaner, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaner, and cleaning the workpiece by adopting the ultrasonic cleaner to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece;
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time, and then performing the next step;
step six: and (3) putting the workpiece into a carbonitriding furnace, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time, and taking out the workpiece.
In the second step, the fine granularity of the sand paper is more than 1200 meshes.
And step three, putting the workpiece into an acid solution for soaking for more than 30 minutes.
And in the third step, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution.
In the fourth step, the ultrasonic cleaner is adopted to clean the workpiece, and the process parameters are as follows: the ultrasonic cleaner has the specification and model number of: LK/CS-72 ultrasonic cleaner, the cleaner is acetone solution, the vibration frequency of ultrasonic cleaner is 30Hz, and cleaning duration is more than 10 min.
And in the fifth step, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace is 570 ℃.
And fifthly, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30 min.
And step six, putting the workpiece into a carbonitriding furnace, and continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a duration of more than 600 minutes.
The carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, the ammonia gas feeding flow is more than 0.7L/min, and the ethanol feeding flow is more than 0.1L/min.
And step six, a fan is arranged in the carbonitriding furnace and is arranged above the workpiece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the technical scheme, the surface of the workpiece is ground by adopting the sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface structure of the workpiece is improved, carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the workpiece matrix, then the workpiece is cleaned by adopting the acid solution, the activity of the surface structure of the workpiece is improved by adopting a chemical method, the oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece is broken, the carbon atoms and the nitrogen atoms are further facilitated to penetrate into the workpiece matrix, then the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by adopting the ultrasonic cleaning method, the channels of the carbon atoms and the nitrogen atoms penetrating into the workpiece matrix are dredged, the blocking of the carbon atoms and the nitrogen atoms is avoided, when the carbon and nitrogen co-cementation is carried out, the preheating treatment is carried out, so that other gases in the carbonitriding furnace are fully removed, the surface of the workpiece is prevented from being oxidized and passivated, the furnace maintains full carbonitriding gas atmosphere, the carbon atoms and the nitrogen atoms are further facilitated to penetrate into the workpiece matrix, the thickness of a carbonitriding layer is further improved, the surface hardness and wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved, and the application range of austenitic stainless steel is facilitated to be expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the carbonitriding furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2A in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the turntable of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the trend of temperature in the carbonitriding furnace with time in step six of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a golden phase diagram of the surface texture of the workpiece initially;
FIG. 7 is a golden phase diagram of the surface structure of a workpiece treated by the carbonitriding method provided by the invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a furnace box 1, a gas guide cylinder 2, a column 3, a fan 4, a rotary table 5, a bearing seat 6, a gas input pipe 7, a locking screw 8, a pressing block 9, a lifting rope 10, a workpiece 11, an inner disk body 51, an outer disk body 52, a disk rib 53, an ammonia input pipe 71 and an ethanol input pipe 72.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the above.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a carbonitriding method of austenitic stainless steel, comprising the steps of:
step one: providing a workpiece 11, wherein the workpiece 11 is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece 11 to be smooth by adopting sand paper;
step three: putting the workpiece 11 into an acidic solution, soaking for a proper time, taking out, and cleaning the workpiece 11 by adopting clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece 11 into an ultrasonic cleaner, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaner, and cleaning the workpiece 11 by using the ultrasonic cleaner to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece 11;
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time, and performing the next step;
step six: after the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, carbonitriding gas is continuously supplied into the carbonitriding furnace for a proper time, and then the workpiece 11 is taken out.
According to the technical scheme, the surface of the workpiece 11 is ground by adopting sand paper, so that the fine granularity of the surface structure of the workpiece 11 is improved, carbon and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, then the workpiece 11 is cleaned by adopting an acid solution, the activity of the surface structure of the workpiece 11 is improved by adopting a chemical method, an oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece 11 is broken, further the carbon and nitrogen atoms are facilitated to penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, then the surface of the workpiece 11 is cleaned by adopting an ultrasonic cleaning method, so that the channels of the carbon and nitrogen atoms penetrating into the substrate of the workpiece 11 are dredged, the blockage of the carbon and nitrogen atoms is avoided, when the carbon and nitrogen are subjected to carbonitriding, the preheating treatment is firstly carried out, so that other gases in a carbonitriding furnace are sufficiently removed, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being oxidized and passivated, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are further facilitated to penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, the thickness of the carbonitriding layer is further improved, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved, and the application range of the austenitic stainless steel is facilitated to be expanded.
Further, the external dimensions of the workpiece 11 used in the present invention are length×width×thickness
=30 mm×20mm×1mm. The fine granularity of the sand paper in the second step is preferably more than 1200 meshes. Therefore, the surface of the workpiece 11 is ground by adopting sand paper, the fine granularity of the surface tissue of the workpiece 11 is improved, so that carbon and nitrogen atoms can penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved.
In addition, in the third step, the workpiece 11 is immersed in the acidic solution for more than 30 minutes. In the third step, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution. Preferably the hydrochloric acid solution has a bulk density of 30%. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the workpiece 11 is cleaned by adopting the acidic solution, the activity of the surface tissue of the workpiece 11 is improved by adopting a chemical method, and the oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece 11 is broken, so that carbon and nitrogen atoms are facilitated to be driven to enter the inside of the substrate of the workpiece 11, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steel are improved.
In addition, in the fourth step, the process parameters for cleaning the workpiece 11 by using the ultrasonic cleaner are as follows: the ultrasonic cleaner has the specification and model number of: LK/CS-72 ultrasonic cleaner, the cleaner is acetone solution, the vibration frequency of ultrasonic cleaner is 30Hz, and cleaning duration is more than 10 min. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface of the workpiece 11 is cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaning method, so that the channel of carbon and nitrogen atoms penetrating into the substrate of the workpiece 11 is dredged, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are prevented from being blocked, the carbon and nitrogen atoms are promoted to smoothly penetrate into the substrate of the workpiece 11, and the surface hardness and wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved.
Further, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace in the fifth step is 570 ℃. And fifthly, continuously feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30 min.
In step six, after the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, carbonitriding gas is continuously supplied into the carbonitriding furnace for a duration of 600 minutes or longer. The carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, the ammonia gas feeding flow is more than 0.7L/min, and the ethanol feeding flow is more than 0.1L/min.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, when carbonitriding is carried out, preheating treatment is carried out firstly, so that other gases in the carbonitriding furnace are fully removed, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being passivated by oxidation, when the workpiece 11 is put into the carbonitriding furnace, the workpiece 11 is preferably hung in the carbonitriding furnace, the surface of the workpiece 11 is prevented from being shielded, each surface of the workpiece 11 can be effectively subjected to carbonitriding treatment, and when the workpiece 11 is subjected to carbonitriding, the furnace maintains a full carbonitriding gas atmosphere, so that carbon and nitrogen atoms are further promoted to enter the substrate of the workpiece 11, the thickness of a carbonitriding layer is improved, and the surface hardness and wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel are improved.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the carbonitriding furnace in the fifth step includes a furnace case 1, a gas cylinder 2, a column 3, a fan 4 and a turntable 5, one end of the gas cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with the top of the furnace case 1, the other end of the gas cylinder 2 extends into the furnace case 1, the gas cylinder 2 is further connected with a plurality of gas input pipes 7, the column 3 is installed in the furnace case 1 by using a bearing seat 6, the fan 4 and the turntable 5 are fixedly connected with the column 3, the fan 4 and the turntable 5 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the fan 4 is accommodated in the gas cylinder 2.
When carbonitriding gas is fed into the furnace box through the air inlet pipe, the fan is arranged in the air guide pipe, the fan is driven to rotate under the pressure of the air guide pipe, and simultaneously, the nitrogen-containing air flow and the carbon-containing air flow are fully mixed in the air guide pipe and then enter the furnace box, the workpiece is hung on the turntable by adopting the hanging rope, so that the surfaces of the workpiece are not shielded, the turntable and the workpiece are rotated along with the rotation of the fan, the carbonitriding mixed air flow always surrounds the surfaces of the workpiece, the periphery of the workpiece is enabled to keep a sufficient carbonitriding gas atmosphere, and then carbon and nitrogen atoms are enabled to enter the workpiece matrix, so that the penetration uniformity of the carbon and nitrogen atoms is improved, and the carbonitriding effect is improved.
Further, the input gas pipe 7 includes an ammonia gas input pipe 71 and an ethanol input pipe 72. The carbonitriding gas includes ammonia gas and ethanol, the flow rate of the ammonia gas is 0.7L/min or more through the ammonia gas input pipe 71, and the flow rate of the ethanol gas is 0.1L/min or more through the ethanol input pipe 72.
In addition, a plurality of groups of locking screws 8 are further connected to the periphery of the turntable 5 in a screwed mode, each group of locking screws 8 consists of a plurality of locking screws 8 with the same quantity, and each group of locking screws 8 is sleeved with a pressing block 9. The compact 9 is preferably in the shape of a rectangular sheet as a whole. The whole turntable 5 is in a regular polygon shape, and each group of locking screws 8 corresponds to the side surfaces around the turntable 5 one by one. Each set of locking screws 8 consists of two locking screws 8. As shown in the figure, the workpiece 11 is hung on the turntable by adopting the lifting rope 10, the lifting rope 10 can be replaced by adopting a stainless steel chain, and the lifting rope 10 can be clamped between the pressing block 9 and the peripheral surface of the turntable 5, so that the disassembly is convenient, the various surfaces of the workpiece are not blocked, and the various surfaces of the workpiece 11 are promoted to be uniformly infiltrated with carbon elements and nitrogen elements.
In addition, the turntable 5 comprises an inner tray body 51, an outer tray body 52 and tray ribs 53, the upright post 3 is connected with the inner tray body 51 through a spline, and the inner tray body 51 is connected with the outer tray body 52 through the tray ribs 53. The number of the disc ribs 53 is not less than 8. The turntable 5 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, so that the weight of the turntable is reduced, and the upright posts are supported in the furnace box through the rolling bearings, so that the turntable can easily rotate along with the fan under the action of carbonitriding air flow, and each surface of a workpiece is promoted to be uniformly infiltrated with carbon elements and nitrogen elements.
In the sixth step, a fan 4 is disposed in the carbonitriding furnace, and the fan 4 is disposed above the workpiece 11. According to the technical scheme, the fan 4 is arranged in the carbonitriding furnace, and the fan 4 is used for stirring carbonitriding gas, so that gas such as ammonia gas, ethanol and the like is effectively promoted to be diffused to each region in carbonitriding, and therefore carbonitriding treatment is uniformly carried out on each surface of the workpiece 11, and the uniformity of carbonitriding is improved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the initial stage, the workpiece is not subjected to nitrocarburizing treatment, the surface hardness is only HV 0.3=295, but after the nitrocarburizing treatment provided by the invention is adopted, the surface hardness of the workpiece can reach HV 0.3=1010, the surface hardness of austenitic stainless steel is greatly improved, and the corresponding workpiece surface gold phase diagrams are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and as can be seen from fig. 5, a remarkable nitrocarburized layer boundary line appears in the workpiece matrix.

Claims (7)

1. An austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: providing a workpiece (11), wherein the workpiece (11) is made of austenitic stainless steel;
step two: grinding the surface of the workpiece (11) to be smooth by adopting sand paper;
step three: immersing the workpiece (11) in an acidic solution for more than 30min, taking out, and then cleaning the workpiece (11) by adopting clear water;
step four: putting the workpiece (11) into an ultrasonic cleaner, putting a cleaning agent into the ultrasonic cleaner, and cleaning the workpiece (11) by using the ultrasonic cleaner to form a water film on the surface of the workpiece (11);
step five: providing a carbonitriding furnace, heating the carbonitriding furnace to a preheating temperature, and feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 30min, and then performing the next step;
step six: and (3) putting the workpiece (11) into a carbonitriding furnace, then feeding carbonitriding gas into the carbonitriding furnace for more than 600 minutes, and then taking out the workpiece (11).
2. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the fine granularity of the sand paper is more than 1200 meshes.
3. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution.
4. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the ultrasonic cleaner is adopted to clean the workpiece (11) according to the following technological parameters: the ultrasonic cleaner has the specification and model number of: LK/CS-72 ultrasonic cleaner, the cleaner is acetone solution, the vibration frequency of ultrasonic cleaner is 30Hz, and cleaning duration is more than 10 min.
5. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, the preheating temperature in the carbonitriding furnace is 570 ℃.
6. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbonitriding gas comprises ammonia gas and ethanol, the ammonia gas feeding flow is more than 0.7L/min, and the ethanol feeding flow is more than 0.1L/min.
7. The austenitic stainless steel carbonitriding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, a fan (4) is arranged in the carbonitriding furnace, and the fan (4) is arranged above the workpiece (11).
CN202211263158.9A 2022-10-14 2022-10-14 Carbonitriding method for austenitic stainless steel Active CN115418602B (en)

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CN115233150B (en) * 2022-07-27 2023-06-09 桂林理工大学 Formula of rare earth carbonitriding compound salt of Q235 and 9Cr18Mo and QPQ gas carbonitriding salt bath process thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001214254A (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-07 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method for producing high delta ferrite-containing austenitic stainless steel for welding material
CN106811718A (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-06-09 浙江百达精工股份有限公司 Compressor pump component carbo-nitriding method
WO2017122044A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Ion Heat S.A.S Equipment for ion nitriding/nitrocarburizing treatment comprising two furnace chambers with shared resources, able to run glow discharge treatment continuously between the two chambers
CN107022732A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-08-08 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 A kind of cryogenic gas carbo-nitriding method of austenitic stainless steel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001214254A (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-07 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method for producing high delta ferrite-containing austenitic stainless steel for welding material
WO2017122044A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Ion Heat S.A.S Equipment for ion nitriding/nitrocarburizing treatment comprising two furnace chambers with shared resources, able to run glow discharge treatment continuously between the two chambers
CN107022732A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-08-08 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 A kind of cryogenic gas carbo-nitriding method of austenitic stainless steel
CN106811718A (en) * 2017-02-22 2017-06-09 浙江百达精工股份有限公司 Compressor pump component carbo-nitriding method

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