CN115417696A - Surface electroplating process for tungsten layer on aluminum oxide product - Google Patents
Surface electroplating process for tungsten layer on aluminum oxide product Download PDFInfo
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/5144—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the metals of the iron group
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product, which comprises the following steps of; oil removal: step two; primary water washing; step three; alkali etching: step four; activation: step five; activating palladium: step six; post-leaching; step seven; nickel melting: step eight; secondary cleaning: step nine; and (3) dehydrating: step ten; water blowing: step eleven; baking: the process steps in the invention are simple, the occupied area of the pen in the whole production process is saved, firstly, the deoiling treatment is carried out, then, the surface of the part is cleaned for many times and dried, the concentration and the microetching effect of the microetching solution in the next alkaline etching process are ensured, and then, the activation, the palladium activation and the post-soaking are carried out, so that the combination of the plating layers is tighter, the plating layer of the manufactured part is not easy to fall off, the adhesiveness is good, the solution in all the process steps is convenient to adjust, the solution is not required to be stopped to be prepared, and then, the continuous processing is carried out, and the working efficiency and the quality of the whole production process are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product.
Background
Electroplating refers to a method for depositing a layer of corrosion-resistant metal on the surface of metal by utilizing an electrochemical principle. The electroplated layer is made of pure metals such as zinc, tin, chromium, copper, cadmium and the like, and has strong corrosion resistance. The zinc plating can prevent atmospheric corrosion and has low cost; tin plating is commonly used in the food industry; the chromium plating can prevent the corrosion of atmosphere, water, acid and alkali, has a decorative effect, is commonly used for clocks, daily necessities and the like, and can also repair worn parts and improve the wear resistance. The plating thickness of the electroplating method can be accurately controlled, the plating quality is good, the plating and the base metal are firmly combined, heating is not needed or the heating temperature is not high during electroplating, but the productivity is low. The electroplating method is widely used in the industries of light industry, electrical appliances, instruments and the like.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the electroplated layer on the surface of the workpiece, a composite electroplating mode is increasingly adopted, mainly adding some metal oxide nanoparticles into the electrolyte, such as: many scholars at home and abroad take Ni, cr, co, ni-Fe, ni-Co, ni-P, ni-B and the like as matrix metals or alloys, and nanoparticles such as Al2O3, siC, WC, tiC, zrO2, moS2, tiO2, siO2, diamond and the like are added to prepare composite coatings with high microhardness, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, friction reduction, wear resistance and the like. CN101723599A discloses a composite plating layer for the surface of a glass mould and an electroplating method thereof, wherein the composite plating layer takes Ni-W as a matrix and contains rare earth oxide particles, and the components in percentage by weight are as follows: the Ni content is 41-52%, the W content is 44-47%, and the rare earth oxide content is 1-15%. CN105132973A provides an environment-friendly cyanide-free electroplating copper-zinc alloy solution, zinc oxide is added into the electroplating solution, and the corrosion resistance of the plating layer is improved.
However, the above-mentioned composite plating layer has problems of low bonding strength, low hardness, and poor corrosion resistance due to reasons such as non-conductivity of the alumina product and low fusibility with the metal layer, and thus a surface plating process for a tungsten layer on the alumina product has been developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product.
A surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product comprises the following steps:
step one; oil removal: pouring the degreasing powder into a cleaning tank, then pouring clear water into the cleaning tank according to a proportion, heating and mixing to form degreasing liquid, then mounting the part to be electroplated on a special hanger, and completely immersing the part into the mixed degreasing liquid for soaking to carry out a degreasing process;
step two; primary water washing: taking out the deoiled part together with a hanger, then sequentially carrying out clear water spray washing, ultrasonic washing and multiple times of pure water washing, and airing at room temperature;
step three; alkaline etching: selecting a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the sodium hydroxide solution into a first treatment tank, heating to 40-50 ℃, and completely immersing the dried parts and the hanger into the sodium hydroxide solution to carry out a surface microetching process;
step four; and (3) activation: selecting a hydrochloric acid solution with the content of 20%, pouring a proper amount of hydrochloric acid solution into a second treatment tank, completely immersing the part with the micro-etched surface, and soaking for 2-3 minutes at normal temperature to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the part;
step five; activating palladium: selecting an ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and sulfuric acid with the content of 5%, pouring the ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and the sulfuric acid with the content of 5% into a third treatment tank, stirring and mixing the components, heating the components to form a mixed solution, completely immersing the part, and performing the palladium activation process;
step six; post-leaching: selecting a post-leaching agent with the content of 10% and sulfuric acid with the content of 25ml/L, pouring the post-leaching agent and the sulfuric acid into a fourth treatment tank for mixing, completing immersion of the part subjected to palladium activation, and removing ionic palladium outside an electroless plating area;
step seven; nickel melting: carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on the surface of the product; the process of nickel melting is an oxidation-reduction process, and nickel metal ions near the surface of the part are reduced into nickel metal under the catalytic action;
step eight; secondary cleaning: selecting pure water to carry out pure water spray-washing and spray-washing on the surface of the part;
step nine; and (3) dehydrating: after the seventh step, soaking the parts in alcohol for 20-30S to dehydrate the surfaces of the parts;
step ten; and (3) water blowing: using an air gun to take out the excess water on the surface of the part;
step eleven; baking: and (3) putting the part subjected to water blowing into an oven with the heating temperature of 80 ℃ to dry and remove redundant water.
As a further improvement, in the first step, the heating temperature of the degreasing liquid is 50-70 ℃, the soaking time is 5-15 minutes, the proportioning concentration of the degreasing powder is 70g/L, the first step is used for removing oil stains on the surface of a product, and multiple tests show that the mixed degreasing liquid with the temperature of 50-70 ℃ and the proportioning concentration of the degreasing powder of 70g/L is soaked for 5-15 minutes to achieve the best degreasing effect.
As a further improvement, the vibration cleaning treatment time of the ultrasonic cleaning in the second step is 2-4 minutes, and the number of times of pure water cleaning in the second step is 1-3 times.
As a further improvement, the surface micro-etching time in the third step is 1-2 minutes, the surface micro-etching is to carry out slight corrosion work on the surface of the product, the micro-etching has the function of forming a micro-rough surface on the surface of the part so as to enhance the binding force with a plating layer, so that the adhesive force of the plated substance is improved, the plated substance is not easy to fall off, due to the occurrence of an alkaline etching solution, a plate is not required to be ground, the alkaline etching solution can be continuously supplemented and adjusted at any time, so that the treatment cost is obviously reduced, in addition, the surface micro-etching process is carried out by utilizing the alkaline etching solution, the process is simple, the production period is short, the automation degree is high, the productivity is high, the occupied area is small, the power consumption is small, and the wastewater treatment is easy.
In the fifth step, the heating temperature of the mixed solution in the third treatment tank is 30-40 ℃, the soaking time of the parts is 20-30s, wherein tungsten is an inert metal, and palladium has a displacement reaction with tungsten on the surface and adheres to the surface of the tungsten, thereby improving the surface activity.
As a further improvement, the drying time in the eleventh step is 10 to 15 minutes.
Has the advantages that:
the working procedures in the invention are simple, the occupied area of the pen in the whole production process is saved, one half of the production cost is saved, firstly, deoiling treatment is carried out, then, the surface of the part is cleaned for many times and dried, the concentration and the microetching effect of the microetching solution of the next alkaline etching procedure are ensured, then, activation, palladium activation and post-soaking are carried out, so that the combination of the plating layers is tighter, the plating layer of the manufactured part is not easy to fall off, the adhesiveness is good, the solution in all the working procedure steps is convenient to adjust, continuous addition can be realized, the required solution does not need to be stopped to be prepared, and then, the continuous processing is carried out, the working efficiency and the quality of the whole production procedure are improved, the strength and the hardness of the part are improved, the problem of poor corrosion resistance of an aluminum oxide product is solved, and the current green production principle is also met.
This device chooses for use pure water spray rinsing and washs the mode for a lot of first time and cleans, has guaranteed the surface cleanliness of part in cladding material in-process and behind the cladding material, improves the cleanliness factor of whole process step, improves operation environmental sanitation degree.
The device adopts microetching treatment, the microetching has the function of forming a micro rough surface on the surface of the part to enhance the binding force with a plating layer, so that the adhesive force of a plated substance is improved, and the plated substance is not easy to fall off.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a surface plating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide article;
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1:
example 1:
a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product comprises the following steps:
step one; oil removal: pouring oil removal powder into a cleaning tank, pouring clear water into the cleaning tank according to a proportion, heating and mixing to form oil removal liquid, then installing a part to be electroplated on a special hanger, completely immersing the part to be electroplated into the mixed oil removal liquid for soaking, and performing an oil removal process, wherein the heating temperature of the oil removal liquid is 50 ℃, the soaking time is 5 minutes, the proportioning concentration of the oil removal powder is 70g/L, the effect of the step one is to remove oil stains on the surface of a product, and multiple tests show that the mixed oil removal liquid with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the proportioning concentration of the oil removal powder of 70g/L is soaked for 5 minutes to achieve the best oil removal effect;
step two; primary water washing: taking out the deoiled part together with the hanger, then sequentially carrying out clear water spray washing, ultrasonic washing and multiple times of pure water washing, and airing at room temperature, wherein the vibration washing treatment time of the ultrasonic washing is 2 minutes, and the pure water washing times in the second step are 1 time;
step three; alkali etching: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the sodium hydroxide solution into a first treatment tank, heating to 40 ℃, completely immersing the dried part and a hanger into the sodium hydroxide solution to carry out a surface microetching process, wherein the surface microetching time is 1 minute, the surface microetching is to carry out slight corrosion work on the surface of a product, and the microetching has the effect of forming a micro rough surface on the surface of the part so as to enhance the bonding force with a plating layer, so that the adhesion of a plated substance is improved and the plated substance is not easy to fall off;
step four; and (3) activation: selecting a hydrochloric acid solution with the content of 20%, pouring a proper amount of the hydrochloric acid solution into a second treatment pool, completely immersing the part with the micro-etched surface at normal temperature for 2 minutes, and removing an oxide layer on the surface of the part;
step five; activating palladium: selecting an ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and sulfuric acid with the content of 5%, pouring the ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and the sulfuric acid with the content of 5% into a third treatment tank, stirring, mixing and heating to form a mixed solution, completely immersing the part, and performing the palladium activation process, wherein the mixed solution in the third treatment tank is heated at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the immersion time of the part is 20s, tungsten belongs to an inactive metal, and palladium and tungsten on the surface are subjected to a replacement reaction and are attached to the surface of the tungsten, so that the surface activity is improved;
step six; post-leaching: selecting a post-leaching agent with the content of 10% and sulfuric acid with the content of 25ml/L, pouring the post-leaching agent and the sulfuric acid into a fourth treatment tank for mixing, completing immersion of the part subjected to palladium activation, and removing ionic palladium outside an electroless plating area;
step seven; nickel melting: carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on the surface of the product; the process of nickel melting is an oxidation-reduction process, and nickel metal ions near the surface of the part are reduced into nickel metal under the catalytic action;
step eight; secondary cleaning: selecting pure water to carry out pure water spray-washing and spray-washing on the surface of the part;
step nine; and (3) dehydrating: after the seventh step is finished, soaking the parts in alcohol for 20S to dehydrate the surfaces of the parts;
step ten; and (3) water blowing: using an air gun to take out the excess water on the surface of the part;
step eleven; baking: and (3) putting the part subjected to water blowing into an oven with the heating temperature of 80 ℃ to dry and remove redundant water, wherein the drying time is 10 minutes.
Example 2:
a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product comprises the following steps:
step one; oil removal: pouring oil removal powder into a cleaning tank, pouring clear water into the cleaning tank according to a proportion, heating and mixing to form oil removal liquid, then installing a part to be electroplated on a special hanger, completely immersing the part to be electroplated into the mixed oil removal liquid for soaking, and performing an oil removal process, wherein the heating temperature of the oil removal liquid is 70 ℃, the soaking time is 15 minutes, the proportioning concentration of the oil removal powder is 70g/L, the effect of the step one is to remove oil stains on the surface of a product, and multiple tests show that the mixed oil removal liquid with the temperature of 70 ℃ and the proportioning concentration of 70g/L is selected to soak for 15 minutes, so that the oil removal effect is optimal;
step two; primary water washing: taking out the deoiled part together with the hanger, then sequentially carrying out clear water spray washing, ultrasonic washing and multiple times of pure water washing, and airing at room temperature, wherein the vibration washing treatment time of the ultrasonic washing is 4 minutes, and the times of the pure water washing in the second step are 3 times;
step three; alkaline etching: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the sodium hydroxide solution into a first treatment tank, heating to 50 ℃, completely immersing the dried part and a hanger into the sodium hydroxide solution to carry out a surface microetching process, wherein the surface microetching time is 2 minutes, the surface microetching is to carry out slight corrosion work on the surface of a product, and the microetching has the effect of forming a micro-rough surface on the surface of the part to enhance the bonding force with a plating layer, so that the adhesion of a plated substance is improved, and the plated substance is not easy to fall off;
step four; and (3) activation: selecting a hydrochloric acid solution with the content of 20%, pouring a proper amount of hydrochloric acid solution into a second treatment pool, completely immersing the part with the micro-etched surface, soaking for 3 minutes at normal temperature, and removing an oxide layer on the surface of the part;
step five; activating palladium: selecting an ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and sulfuric acid with the content of 5%, pouring the ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and the sulfuric acid with the content of 5% into a third treatment tank, stirring, mixing and heating to form a mixed solution, completely immersing the part, and performing the palladium activation process, wherein the mixed solution in the third treatment tank is heated at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the immersion time of the part is 30s, tungsten belongs to an inactive metal, and palladium and tungsten on the surface are subjected to a replacement reaction and are attached to the surface of the tungsten, so that the surface activity is improved;
step six; post-leaching: selecting a post-leaching agent with the content of 10% and sulfuric acid with the content of 25ml/L, pouring the post-leaching agent and the sulfuric acid into a fourth treatment tank for mixing, completing immersion of the part subjected to palladium activation, and removing ionic palladium outside an electroless plating area;
step seven; nickel melting: carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on the surface of the product; the process of nickel melting is an oxidation-reduction process, and nickel metal ions near the surface of the part are reduced into nickel metal under the catalytic action;
step eight; secondary cleaning: selecting pure water to carry out pure water spray-washing and spray-washing on the surface of the part;
step nine; and (3) dehydrating: after the seventh step is finished, soaking the parts in alcohol for 30S to dehydrate the surfaces of the parts;
step ten; water blowing: using an air gun to take out the excess water on the surface of the part;
step eleven; baking: and (3) putting the part subjected to water blowing into an oven with the heating temperature of 80 ℃ to dry and remove redundant water, wherein the drying time is 15 minutes.
Example 3:
a surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product comprises the following steps:
step one; oil removal: pouring oil removal powder into a cleaning tank, pouring clear water into the cleaning tank according to a proportion, heating and mixing to form oil removal liquid, then installing a part to be electroplated on a special hanger, completely immersing the part to be electroplated into the mixed oil removal liquid for soaking, and performing an oil removal process, wherein the heating temperature of the oil removal liquid is 60 ℃, the soaking time is 10 minutes, the proportioning concentration of the oil removal powder is 70g/L, the effect of the step one is to remove oil stains on the surface of a product, and the oil removal effect is optimal when the mixed oil removal liquid with the proportioning concentration of 70g/L and the temperature of 60 ℃ is selected for soaking for 5-15 minutes in multiple tests;
step two; primary water washing: taking out the deoiled part together with the hanger, then sequentially carrying out clear water spray washing, ultrasonic washing and multiple times of pure water washing, and airing at room temperature, wherein the vibration washing treatment time of the ultrasonic washing is 3 minutes, and the pure water washing times in the second step are 2 times;
step three; alkali etching: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the sodium hydroxide solution into a first treatment tank, heating to 30 ℃, completely immersing the dried part and a hanger into the sodium hydroxide solution to carry out a surface microetching process, wherein the surface microetching time is 1.5 minutes, the surface microetching is to carry out slight surface corrosion work on a product, and the microetching has the effect of forming a micro rough surface on the surface of the part so as to enhance the bonding force with a plating layer, so that the adhesion of a plated substance is improved and the plated substance is not easy to fall off;
step four; and (3) activation: selecting a hydrochloric acid solution with the content of 20%, pouring a proper amount of hydrochloric acid solution into a second treatment pool, completely immersing the part with the micro-etched surface, soaking for 3 minutes at normal temperature, and removing an oxide layer on the surface of the part;
step five; activating palladium: selecting an ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and sulfuric acid with the content of 5%, pouring the ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and the sulfuric acid with the content of 5% into a third treatment tank, stirring, mixing and heating to form a mixed solution, completely immersing the part, and performing the palladium activation process, wherein the mixed solution in the third treatment tank is heated at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the immersion time of the part is 30s, tungsten belongs to an inactive metal, and palladium and tungsten on the surface are subjected to a replacement reaction and are attached to the surface of the tungsten, so that the surface activity is improved;
step six; post-leaching: selecting a post-leaching agent with the content of 10% and sulfuric acid with the content of 25ml/L, pouring the post-leaching agent and the sulfuric acid into a fourth treatment tank for mixing, completing immersion of the part subjected to palladium activation, and removing ionic palladium outside an electroless plating area;
step seven; nickel melting: carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on the surface of the product; the process of nickel melting is an oxidation-reduction process, and nickel metal ions near the surface of the part are reduced into nickel metal under the catalytic action;
step eight; secondary cleaning: selecting pure water to carry out pure water spray-washing and spray-washing on the surface of the part;
step nine; and (3) dehydrating: after the seventh step is finished, soaking the parts in alcohol for 30S to dehydrate the surfaces of the parts;
step ten; and (3) water blowing: using an air gun to take out the excess water on the surface of the part;
step eleven; baking: and (3) putting the part subjected to water blowing into an oven with the heating temperature of 80 ℃ to dry and remove redundant water, wherein the drying time is 15 minutes.
The invention discovers that the oil removal powder concentration is enhanced, the alkali corrosion, activation and palladium activation time is prolonged, the grease, rust, oxide film and the like on the surface of the part are removed, the binding force of the plating layer is improved, the plating layer structure is tighter, the porosity of the plating layer is reduced, and the effect and the quality of the plating layer are improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product comprises the following steps:
step one; oil removal: pouring the degreasing powder into a cleaning tank, then pouring clear water into the cleaning tank according to a proportion, heating and mixing to form degreasing liquid, then mounting the part to be electroplated on a special hanger, and completely immersing the part into the mixed degreasing liquid for soaking to carry out a degreasing process;
step two; primary water washing: taking out the deoiled part together with a hanger, then sequentially carrying out clear water spray washing, ultrasonic washing and multiple times of pure water washing, and airing at room temperature;
step three; alkali etching: selecting a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, pouring the sodium hydroxide solution into a first treatment tank, heating to 40-50 ℃, and completely immersing the dried parts and the hanger into the sodium hydroxide solution to carry out a surface microetching process;
step four; and (3) activation: selecting a hydrochloric acid solution with the content of 20%, pouring a proper amount of hydrochloric acid solution into a second treatment tank, completely immersing the part with the micro-etched surface, and soaking for 2-3 minutes at normal temperature to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the part;
step five; activating palladium: selecting an ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and sulfuric acid with the content of 5%, pouring the ionic palladium activator with the content of 5% and the sulfuric acid with the content of 5% into a third treatment tank, stirring and mixing the components, heating the components to form a mixed solution, completely immersing the part, and performing the palladium activation process;
step six; post-leaching: selecting a post-leaching agent with the content of 10% and sulfuric acid with the content of 25ml/L, pouring the post-leaching agent and the sulfuric acid into a fourth treatment tank for mixing, completing immersion of the part subjected to palladium activation, and removing ionic palladium outside an electroless plating area;
step seven; nickel melting: carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on the surface of the product;
step eight; secondary cleaning: selecting pure water to carry out pure water spray-washing and spray-washing on the surface of the part;
step nine; and (3) dehydrating: after the seventh step, soaking the parts in alcohol for 20-30S to dehydrate the surfaces of the parts;
step ten; water blowing: using an air gun to take out the excess water on the surface of the part;
step eleven; baking: and (4) putting the part subjected to water blowing into an oven with the heating temperature of 80 ℃ to dry and remove redundant water.
2. The surface electroplating process for the tungsten layer on the aluminum oxide product according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the deoiling liquid in the step one is 50-70 ℃, the soaking time is 5-15 minutes, and the proportioning concentration of the deoiling powder is 70g/L.
3. The surface electroplating process for a tungsten layer on an aluminum oxide product according to claim 1, wherein the vibration cleaning treatment time of the ultrasonic cleaning in the second step is 2 to 4 minutes, and the number of times of the pure water cleaning in the second step is 1 to 3 times.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the microetching time of the surface in step three is 1-2 minutes.
5. The surface electroplating process for the tungsten layer on the aluminum oxide product as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the mixed solution in the third treatment tank in the fifth step is 30-40 ℃, and the soaking time of the part is 20-30s.
6. The surface electroplating process for the tungsten layer on the aluminum oxide product according to claim 1, wherein the drying time in the eleventh step is 10-15 minutes.
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| CN112323049A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-02-05 | 麦德美科技（苏州）有限公司 | Secondary metallization process for high-temperature co-fired ceramic |
| CN113337817A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-03 | 西安宏盾新材料科技有限公司 | Electroplating process of copper diamond |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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