CN115415320A - Rolling method of 20Cr steel - Google Patents
Rolling method of 20Cr steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415320A CN115415320A CN202211062708.0A CN202211062708A CN115415320A CN 115415320 A CN115415320 A CN 115415320A CN 202211062708 A CN202211062708 A CN 202211062708A CN 115415320 A CN115415320 A CN 115415320A
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B2045/0212—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using gaseous coolants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rolling method of 20Cr steel, which comprises the following steps: taking a continuous casting billet as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, an intermediate rolling process and a finish rolling process; wherein, in the heating procedure, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃, the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the heating time is 50-80min, the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃, the soaking time is 40-70min, and the total heating time is 180-240min; the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃. The method adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation, controls the strip shape and the grain size, controls rolling and cooling, controls the texture, the hardness and the tensile strength, and can obtain the 20Cr steel with quality meeting the requirement without an annealing process after rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a rolling method of 20Cr steel.
Background
The 20Cr steel is one of the alloy structural steels with the largest yield in China, and is widely applied to the steel for parts such as gears, gear shafts, cams, piston pins, worms and the like. Wherein the 20Cr steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.17 to 0.23%, si:0.15 to 0.40%, mn:0.50 to 0.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, cr:0.80 to 1.10%, ni: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, mo: not more than 0.20 percent, not more than 0.20 percent of Cu, al: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, and the balance of matrix Fe and inevitable impurities.
The production process of 20Cr steel in the prior art comprises the following steps: heating a steel billet, roughly rolling, medium rolling, finish rolling, cooling and annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 950-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 850-980 ℃, and the annealing temperature is 700-730 ℃; the existing production process needs annealing after rolling to ensure that the steel meets the following performance requirements and hardness requirements: 150-180HBW, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350MPa, the banding is less than or equal to 2.5 grade, and the austenite grain size of steel is more than or equal to 5 grade; only 20Cr steel with the specification of 30-40mm can meet the performance requirements, and can be used for producing and processing parts such as flange shafts and the like with strict requirements on material performance.
The annealing in the production process of the 20Cr steel mainly aims at controlling the banded structure and the hardness of the 20Cr steel so as to meet the performance requirement; however, the 20Cr steel has many production processes, high energy consumption and high cost, and therefore, it is important to find a steel manufacturing method with short production process and low production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rolling method of 20Cr steel. The invention adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation, controls the banding and the grain size, controls rolling and cooling, controls the structure, the hardness and the tensile strength, and can obtain the 20Cr steel with the quality meeting the requirement without an annealing process after rolling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rolling method of 20Cr steel, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a rolling method of 20Cr steel comprises the following steps: taking a continuous casting billet as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, an intermediate rolling process and a finish rolling process;
wherein, in the heating process, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃ (such as 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 710 ℃, 720 ℃, 730 ℃), the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃ (such as 1205 ℃, 1210 ℃, 1215 ℃, 1220 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1245 ℃), the heating time is 50-80min (such as 52min, 55min, 60min, 65min, 70min, 75min, 78 min), the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃ (such as 1225 ℃, 1228 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1235 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1245 ℃, 1248 ℃), the soaking time is 40-70min (such as 42min, 45min, 50min, 55min, 60min, 65min, 68 min), the total heating time is 180-240min (such as 185min, 190min, 200min, 210min, 220min, 230min, 235 min);
the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃ (such as 805 ℃, 810 ℃, 815 ℃, 820 ℃, 825 ℃, 830 ℃ and 835 ℃).
The soaking temperature is controlled within the range of 1220-1250 ℃, so that the steel billet is subjected to heat preservation in a high-temperature area, carbides are uniformly diffused, and preparation is made for obtaining uniform banded structures after rolling; if the soaking temperature is lower than 1220 ℃, the rolled steel has serious banded shape and nonuniform banded structure due to the low soaking temperature, so that the product is unqualified; if the soaking temperature is higher than 1250 ℃, overheating is easy to occur, which is not beneficial to the subsequent rolling process.
The initial rolling temperature refers to the temperature at which rolling starts in the rough rolling process, and the final rolling temperature refers to the temperature after the finish rolling process; the initial rolling temperature is mainly determined by the soaking temperature, and if the initial rolling temperature is lower than 1150 ℃, the band shape of the prepared steel is serious and unqualified; the purpose of limiting the finishing temperature to 800-840 ℃ is to perform finishing rolling in the temperature range, so that a uniform austenite structure can be obtained, if the finishing temperature is higher than 840 ℃, a part of B structure is formed after cooling, and the structure after cooling requires F + P, so that the hardness of the product is high and the product is unqualified if the finishing temperature is higher than 840 ℃; if the finishing temperature is lower than 800 ℃, rolling is carried out in a two-phase region, and the strip shape is poor and exceeds the standard.
In the above rolling method of 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the rough rolling step, the rolling passes are 10 to 12 passes, the rolling speed is 1 to 1.2m/s (e.g., 1.05m/s, 1.1m/s, 1.15 m/s), and the temperature after rough rolling is 950 to 1050 ℃ (e.g., 955 ℃, 970 ℃, 990 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1020 ℃, 1040 ℃, 1045 ℃).
In the above rolling method of 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the intermediate rolling step, after the intermediate rolling, water-jet cooling is performed using a water tank, and the cooling rate is controlled to be 20 to 60 ℃/s (e.g., 25 ℃/s, 30 ℃/s, 40 ℃/s, 50 ℃/s, 55 ℃/s).
The invention aims to control the finish rolling temperature by using the water tank to spray water for cooling after medium rolling, and when the water tank sprays water for cooling, a rolled piece passes through a spray cooling ring of the water tank so as to realize cooling.
In the above-mentioned method of rolling 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the finish rolling step, the number of passes is 4 to 6, the rolling speed is 3 to 4.5m/s (e.g., 3.2m/s, 3.5m/s, 3.8m/s, 4.0 m/s), and the rolling temperature is 805 to 840 ℃ (e.g., 808 ℃, 810 ℃, 815 ℃, 820 ℃, 825 ℃, 830 ℃, 838 ℃).
In the above-described method for rolling 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the cooling step, after the finish rolling step is completed, the steel is first cooled in a cooling bed heat-insulating cover, and then cooled in air after being taken out of the heat-insulating cover.
According to the invention, the cooling speed is mainly reduced through cooling in the existing cooling bed heat-insulating cover, then the cooling is carried out in the air after the cooling bed heat-insulating cover is taken out, the cooling speed in the cooling process is controlled by the cooling and the cooling, and the structure and the hardness of rolled steel are further controlled.
In the above rolling method of 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, in the cooling step, when entering the cooling bed heat-insulating cover for cooling, the temperature of the steel is not less than 730 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the steel is less than or equal to 550 ℃ when the steel is taken out of the heat preservation cover and cooled in the air.
The temperature of the steel entering the cooling bed heat-insulating cover is related to the finish rolling temperature on one hand, and on the other hand, if the temperature of the steel is too low, the steel is subjected to tissue transformation, so that the tissue is uneven; if the temperature of the heat preservation cover is higher than 550 ℃, the structure of the heat preservation cover is also transformed, bainite is generated, and further the hardness is not uniform. In the present invention, the cooling process is performed on a cooling bed, and the steel is first cooled in a heat-insulating cover by adding the heat-insulating cover, and then the heat-insulating cover is removed and cooled in the air.
In the above rolling method of 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, the mass percentages of the elements in the continuous casting slab are: c:0.17 to 0.23% (e.g., 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%), si:0.15 to 0.40% (e.g., 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%), mn:0.50 to 0.80% (e.g., 0.55%, 0.60%, 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%), P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, cr:0.80 to 1.10% (e.g., 0.82%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 1.0%, 1.05%), ni: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, mo: not more than 0.20 percent, not more than 0.20 percent of Cu, al: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, and the balance of matrix Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide 20Cr steel which is obtained by the preparation method.
In the above 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, the 20Cr steel has a diameter of 30 to 40mm (e.g., 32mm, 35mm, 37mm, 39 mm), a hardness of 150 to 180HBW (e.g., 152HBW, 155HBW, 160HBW, 170HBW, 175 HBW), a tensile strength of 350MPa or more, a band shape of 2.5 or less, and an austenite grain size of 5 or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation to control the banding and grain size of the steel, and then adopts controlled rolling and controlled cooling to control the structure, hardness and tensile strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a strip microstructure of 20Cr steel produced in example 1 of the present invention (sampled in the rolling direction).
FIG. 2 is a strip microstructure of the 20Cr steel of comparative example 1 according to the present invention (sampled in the rolling direction).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and may be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The starting materials described in the examples below are all commercially available from the open literature.
The mass percentages of the respective element components in the 20Cr continuous casting slabs used in the following examples are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 Mass percents of the respective elemental components in 20Cr continuous casting slabs (the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities)
Embodiment 1 a method for manufacturing 20Cr controlled rolling and cooling instead of off-line annealing, comprising:
(1) A heating procedure: use the continuous casting billet as the raw materials, heat in marching type heating furnace, the heating process specifically is: preheating temperature of 732 ℃, preheating time of 86min, heating temperature of 1239 ℃, heating time of 62min, soaking temperature of 1246 ℃ and soaking time of 54min.
(2) Rough rolling procedure: rolling by adopting a rough rolling mill set, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1179 ℃, the rolling pass is 10, the rolling speed is 1.15m/s, and the temperature after rough rolling is 1006 ℃.
(3) A middle rolling procedure: and (3) carrying out medium rolling by using a medium rolling mill set, and then carrying out water spray cooling by using a water tank, wherein the cooling speed is controlled to be 20-35 ℃/s.
(4) A refining step: and (3) carrying out finish rolling by using a finishing mill group, wherein the rolling pass is 4, the rolling speed is 4.2m/s, the rolling temperature is 835 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 830 ℃.
(5) A cooling process: firstly, cooling in a cooling bed heat-insulating cover, and then cooling in the air after leaving the heat-insulating cover, wherein when entering the cooling bed heat-insulating cover for cooling, the temperature of the steel is 747 ℃, and when leaving the heat-insulating cover for cooling in the air, the temperature of the steel is 529 ℃; 20Cr steel was obtained, and a band-shaped microstructure thereof was shown in FIG. 1.
Examples 2 to 7
Examples 2-7 are identical to example 1 except that certain specific process parameters are different from those of example 1, and the specific reference process parameters are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the specific process parameters of examples 2 to 7
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the same process as in example 1 was conducted except that the start rolling temperature and the finish rolling temperature were different from those of example 1, and the start rolling temperature of this comparative example was 1100 deg.c and the finish rolling temperature was 870 deg.c. The tissue F + P + B has the hardness of 180-210 HBW, and a banded histogram is shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 2
The soaking temperature in this comparative example was 1210 ℃ and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The soaking temperature in this comparative example was 1260 ℃ and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The finishing temperature in this comparative example was 790 ℃ and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The finishing temperature in this comparative example was 850 ℃ and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
In the comparative example, when the steel material enters the cooling bed heat-insulating cover for cooling, the temperature of the steel material is 720 ℃, and the rest is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 7
In this comparative example, the temperature of the steel material was 560 ℃ when the heat-retaining cover was cooled in the air, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Performance detection
The 20Cr steel materials obtained in the examples 1-7 and the comparative examples 1-7 of the invention are subjected to performance tests, wherein the hardness test is carried out according to GB/T231.2 Brinell hardness test of metal materials; the tensile strength test is carried out according to GB/T228.1 metallic material tensile test; the metallographic structure (transverse sampling) and the band-shaped structure (sampling along the rolling direction) are carried out according to GB/T13299 method for evaluating the microstructure of steel; see table 2 for specific results.
Table 2 shows the results of properties of 20Cr steel materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 7
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rolling 20Cr steel, comprising: taking a continuous casting billet as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, a middle rolling process and a finish rolling process;
wherein in the heating procedure, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃, the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the heating time is 50-80min, the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃, the soaking time is 40-70min, and the total heating time is 180-240min;
the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃.
2. The method for rolling 20Cr steel according to claim 1, wherein in the rough rolling step, the rolling passes are 10 to 12 passes, the rolling speed is 1 to 1.2m/s, and the temperature after rough rolling is 950 to 1050 ℃.
3. The method for rolling 20Cr steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the intermediate rolling step, after the intermediate rolling, the water is sprayed and cooled with a water tank, and the cooling rate is controlled to be 20-60 ℃/s.
4. The rolling method of 20Cr steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the finish rolling process, the number of passes is 4 to 6, the rolling speed is 3 to 4.5m/s, and the rolling temperature is 805 to 840 ℃.
5. The method of rolling 20Cr steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the cooling step, after the finish rolling step, the steel is first cooled in a cooling bed heat-insulating cover, and then cooled in air after being taken out of the heat-insulating cover.
6. The method for rolling 20Cr steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in the cooling step, the temperature of the steel is 730 ℃ or higher when the steel is cooled in a cooling bed heat-insulating cover; preferably, the temperature of the steel is less than or equal to 550 ℃ when the steel is taken out of the heat preservation cover and cooled in the air.
7. A rolling method of 20Cr steel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mass percentages of the elements in the continuous casting slab are as follows: c:0.17-0.23%, si:0.15-0.40%, mn:0.50-0.80%, P: less than or equal to 0.035%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, cr:0.80-1.10%, ni: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, mo: not more than 0.20 percent, not more than 0.20 percent of Cu, al: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, and the balance of matrix Fe and inevitable impurities.
8. 20Cr steel obtained by the rolling method of 20Cr steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The 20Cr steel according to claim 8, wherein the 20Cr steel has a diameter of 30-40mm, a hardness of 150-180HBW, a tensile strength of 350MPa or more, a band shape of 2.5 or less, and an austenite grain size of 5 or more.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116536594A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-08-04 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | CrMo alloy steel rolling and cooling control method |
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