CN115411300A - Liquid hydrogen system of fuel cell - Google Patents

Liquid hydrogen system of fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115411300A
CN115411300A CN202210862471.8A CN202210862471A CN115411300A CN 115411300 A CN115411300 A CN 115411300A CN 202210862471 A CN202210862471 A CN 202210862471A CN 115411300 A CN115411300 A CN 115411300A
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China
Prior art keywords
liquid hydrogen
fuel cell
storage tank
helium
hydrogen storage
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CN202210862471.8A
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Inventor
王遥
李山峰
陈静
齐向阳
赵康
郭嘉翔
周博文
曲捷
张春伟
景卓
丛中卉
杨行
崔皓玉
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
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Publication of CN115411300A publication Critical patent/CN115411300A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0344—Air cooling
    • F17C2227/0346—Air cooling by forced circulation, e.g. using a fan
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen system of a fuel cell, comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage module and a hydrogen supply module; the liquid hydrogen storage module includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank and an electric heater; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is internally stored with liquid hydrogen, and the electric heater is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and used for heating the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen supply module includes: the system comprises a helium coil, a heat exchanger, a circulating water tank and a fuel cell; the helium pipe coil is laid outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the helium coil exchanges heat with the heat exchanger; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the fuel cell after passing through the heat exchanger; the circulation water tank is installed at a heat radiation fan of the fuel cell; and the circulating water tank exchanges heat with the heat exchanger. The invention is suitable for the field of power supply of fuel cells of unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles, and can provide a stable hydrogen source for the fuel cells.

Description

Liquid hydrogen system of fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a liquid hydrogen system of a fuel cell.
Background
With the aggravation of energy and environmental problems, energy conservation and emission reduction have become a necessary trend. Hydrogen energy is an ideal clean energy source and is now a hotspot for research and development in the energy field. The fuel cell has the advantages of high energy density, high conversion efficiency and the like, and the reaction product of the fuel cell only contains water, which is an important direction for utilizing hydrogen energy.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the characteristics of compact structure, quick start, good durability, low working temperature and the like, is mature and applied in the automobile industry after years of research and development, and has wide application prospect in the fields of unmanned underwater vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and the like. The currently applied hydrogen supply system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell mainly adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage and supply mode. Compared with high-pressure hydrogen, liquid hydrogen has the unique advantages of high energy density, high transportation efficiency, safe low-pressure storage and transportation and the like. The quality hydrogen storage density of a fuel cell power system can be greatly improved by adopting liquid hydrogen for gas supply, and the cruising ability of the fuel cell is improved.
The existing liquid hydrogen storage and gas supply system mainly adopts a self-pressurization mode, a section of pipeline with fins is arranged on a pressurization device, the process of liquid hydrogen passing through the fin pipeline absorbs the environmental heat, and the liquid hydrogen returns to a storage tank after being changed into a gaseous state from a liquid state. However, the liquid level difference of the gas cylinder is small, and the density of the liquid hydrogen is small, so that the driving force for gasification is insufficient, and the pressurization in the mode is difficult to achieve the expected gas supply effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a fuel cell liquid hydrogen system, which is suitable for the field of unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles in fuel cell power supply and can provide a stable hydrogen source for fuel cells.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell liquid hydrogen system comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage module and a hydrogen supply module;
the liquid hydrogen storage module includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank and an electric heater; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is internally stored with liquid hydrogen, and the electric heater is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank and used for heating the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank;
the hydrogen supply module includes: the system comprises a helium coil, a heat exchanger, a circulating water tank and a fuel cell;
a helium heat exchange channel, a hydrogen heat exchange channel and a water circulation heat exchange channel are arranged in the heat exchanger;
the helium pipe coil is laid outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the outlet end of the helium coil is connected with the inlet end of a helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger, and the outlet end of the helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet end of the helium coil;
the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the inlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel, and the outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen pipe;
the circulating water tank is arranged at a heat radiation fan of the fuel cell, and the heat radiation fan is used for providing waste heat to heat the circulating water tank; the outlet of the circulating water tank is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchanger water circulation heat exchange channel, and the outlet end of the heat exchanger water circulation heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet of the circulating water tank.
Furthermore, an auxiliary electric heating device is installed at the inlet end of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is a double-layer container, and a plurality of layers of aluminum foils and glass fibers are wound between an inner shell and an outer shell of the double-layer container and maintain a vacuum state.
Furthermore, a detachable flange valve seat is installed at the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen port and a vent port which are communicated with the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank are machined on the flange valve seat, a liquid hydrogen pipe is connected to the liquid hydrogen port, and a vent pipe is connected to the vent port; the vent pipe is provided with a safety valve.
Furthermore, a pressure gauge and a capacitance type liquid level meter are further arranged on a flange cover of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.
Furthermore, a helium circulating pump is arranged on a pipeline between the helium coil and a helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, a water circulating pump is arranged on a pipeline between the circulating water tank and a water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor I and a flow meter I are respectively arranged on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger to monitor parameters in the hydrogen flowing process, and a solenoid valve I is also arranged to control the hydrogen flow rate by adjusting the opening degree.
Furthermore, a second flowmeter and a second temperature sensor are arranged on a pipeline between the circulating water tank and a water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger to monitor parameters in the circulating water flowing process, and a second electromagnetic valve is also arranged to control the circulating water flow by adjusting the opening degree.
Has the advantages that:
(1) The invention comprises a liquid hydrogen storage module and a hydrogen supply module, can provide a stable hydrogen source for a hydrogen fuel cell, and an electric heater is arranged in a liquid hydrogen storage tank to realize the processes of liquid hydrogen vaporization and gas pressurization; this approach has a faster response speed than self-boosting.
(2) The heat exchanger is provided with an auxiliary electric heating device, and the auxiliary electric heating device has the following functions: in the starting stage of the fuel cell, the hydrogen extruded from the liquid hydrogen storage tank is in a low-temperature and low-pressure state, and does not meet the requirement of the fuel cell on the air intake parameter of the hydrogen; at the moment, the fuel cell is not started, and a heat source cannot be provided for the liquid hydrogen storage tank through circulating water; the auxiliary electric heating device can provide energy for low-temperature hydrogen coming out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen, the heating power of the auxiliary electric heating device is adjusted according to the temperature requirement of normal-temperature hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger, the temperature of the normal-temperature hydrogen entering the fuel cell is guaranteed to be not lower than 25 ℃, the air inlet requirement of the fuel cell is met, and the normal starting of the fuel cell is realized.
(3) The liquid hydrogen self-pressurization system is provided with a helium circulating system, the internal gasification of liquid hydrogen is mainly realized by a common liquid hydrogen storage tank in a self-pressurization mode, but the response speed of the self-pressurization mode is low, and if the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization system is applied to environments such as high altitude or deep sea, enough heat cannot be provided for the self-pressurization system only by depending on the external environment; therefore, the invention effectively utilizes the waste heat emitted by the cooling fan of the fuel cell and is used for vaporizing and pressurizing the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank; a set of circulating water system is arranged at the heat dissipation end of the heat dissipation fan of the fuel cell, and the circulating water absorbs the heat of the heat dissipation fan of the fuel cell and transfers the heat to the helium in the heat exchanger; heating helium gas, and then entering a space between an inner shell and an outer shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the helium pipe coil is tightly wound on the outer wall surface of the inner shell; the high-temperature helium transfers energy to the inside of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through heat conduction, so that the liquid hydrogen is vaporized and pressurized, and the low-temperature helium flows out and returns to the heat exchanger for next circulation; the helium circulating system can be used as a supplement of the electric heater, and the electric heater is closed to provide liquid hydrogen vaporization energy through the helium circulating system in the normal operation stage of the fuel cell, so that the excessive effective power of the fuel cell is prevented from being applied to the interior of a power system, and the power waste is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural component diagram of the present invention;
the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, an electric heater 2, a helium coil 3, a heat exchanger 4, a helium circulating pump 5, a fuel cell 6 and a circulating water tank 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment provides a liquid hydrogen system of a fuel cell, referring to fig. 1, including: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage module, a hydrogen supply module and a control module;
the liquid hydrogen storage module includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and an electric heater 2;
the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is internally stored with liquid hydrogen, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is a double-layer container, a high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation mode is adopted, and a plurality of layers of aluminum foils and glass fibers are wound between an inner-layer shell and an outer-layer shell of the double-layer container and maintain a vacuum state;
a detachable flange valve seat is mounted at the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen port and a vent port which are communicated with the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 are machined on the flange valve seat, a liquid hydrogen pipe is connected to the liquid hydrogen port, and a vent pipe is connected to the vent port; a safety valve is arranged on the emptying pipe;
a pressure gauge and a capacitance type liquid level meter are also arranged on a flange valve seat of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; the pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the capacitance type liquid level meter is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 in real time and has a high-low liquid level alarm function;
the electric heater 2 is arranged in an inner shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and used for heating the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, can realize variable power heating and automatic control starting and stopping, and can be normally used in a liquid hydrogen temperature zone;
the hydrogen supply module includes: a helium coil 3, a helium circulating pump 5, a heat exchanger 4, a circulating water tank 7 and a fuel cell 6;
a helium heat exchange channel, a hydrogen heat exchange channel and a water circulation heat exchange channel are arranged in the heat exchanger 4;
the helium pipe coil 3 is laid between the inner shell and the outer shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; the outlet end of the helium coil 3 is connected with the inlet end of a helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 through a helium pipeline I, the outlet end of the helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 is connected with the inlet end of the helium coil 3 through a helium pipeline II, and a helium circulating pump 5 is installed on the helium pipeline II to provide power for helium circulation; the helium circulating system consists of the helium coil 3, a helium circulating pump 5, a helium pipeline I, a helium pipeline II and a helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4; the low-temperature helium gas flowing out of the helium coil 3 absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature helium gas is changed into high-temperature helium gas and then flows into the helium coil 3 again, and the heat of the high-temperature helium gas is conducted through the wall surface of the inner shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, so that the liquid hydrogen is vaporized and pressurized;
a liquid hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected with an inlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel, and an outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel is connected with the fuel cell 6 through a hydrogen pipe; when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is stable, liquid hydrogen is discharged from a liquid hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 under the action of gas pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into low-temperature hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen pipe and enters a heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature hydrogen absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 4, the temperature is raised to be above 25 ℃, and the low-temperature hydrogen is changed into normal-temperature hydrogen and then enters the fuel cell 6;
the circulating water tank 7 is installed at a heat radiation fan of the fuel cell 6, and the heat radiation fan is used for providing waste heat to heat the circulating water tank 7; an outlet of the circulating water tank 7 is connected with an inlet end of a water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 through a first circulating water pipe, and an outlet end of the water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 is connected with an inlet of the circulating water tank 7 through a second circulating water pipe; a water circulating pump is arranged on the circulating water pipe I or the circulating water pipe II to provide power for circulating water to flow; the circulating water tank 7, the circulating water pipe I, the circulating water pipe II, the water circulating pump and the water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 form a circulating water system; after the circulating water in the circulating water tank 7 absorbs waste heat provided by a cooling fan of the fuel cell 6, the circulating water is heated, the heated circulating water flows into the heat exchanger 4 to provide an energy source for heating low-temperature helium and low-temperature hydrogen, the circulating water is cooled in the heat exchanger 4, and the cooled circulating water returns to the circulating water tank 7 again;
the hydrogen flow monitoring device comprises a liquid hydrogen pipe, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor I, a flow meter I, a solenoid valve I and a control system, wherein the liquid hydrogen pipe or the hydrogen pipe is respectively provided with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor I and the flow meter I to monitor parameters in the hydrogen flow process, and the solenoid valve I is also provided to control the hydrogen flow by adjusting the opening degree;
a second flowmeter and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the first circulating water pipe or the second circulating water pipe to monitor parameters in the circulating water flowing process, and a second electromagnetic valve is also arranged to control the circulating water flow by adjusting the opening degree;
an auxiliary electric heating device is arranged at the inlet end of the heat exchanger 4 (namely the inlet ends of the helium heat exchange channel, the hydrogen heat exchange channel and the water circulation heat exchange channel, and the inlet ends of the helium heat exchange channel, the hydrogen heat exchange channel and the water circulation heat exchange channel are positioned at the same end) and is used for replacing the water circulation heat exchange channel to heat the low-temperature helium and the low-temperature hydrogen when the fuel cell 6 does not work, namely does not generate waste heat;
the control module is used for receiving signals sent by the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor I, the flow meter II and the temperature sensor II, monitoring parameters in the hydrogen flowing process, namely parameters in the circulating water flowing process, adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic valve I and the electromagnetic valve II according to the parameters to control the hydrogen flow and the circulating water flow, and controlling the electric heater 2 and the auxiliary electric heating device to be switched on and off according to the parameters.
The working principle is as follows:
in the starting stage of the fuel cell 6, the electric heater 2 in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is started through the control system to heat the liquid hydrogen, so that the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen gas, and the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is increased; meanwhile, the auxiliary electric heating device is started through the control system;
liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is discharged from a liquid hydrogen pipe of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 under the action of gas pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into low-temperature hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen pipe and enters a heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature hydrogen absorbs heat under the action of an auxiliary electric heating device of the heat exchanger 4, the temperature is raised to be above 25 ℃, and the low-temperature hydrogen is changed into normal-temperature hydrogen and then enters the fuel cell 6; in the process, the temperature, the pressure and the flow of the normal-temperature hydrogen at the inlet of the fuel cell 6 are observed, and the valve opening and the electric heating power of the first electromagnetic valve are adjusted to enable the normal-temperature hydrogen entering the fuel cell 6 to meet the air inlet parameter requirement of the fuel cell 6;
after the normal-temperature hydrogen enters the fuel cell 6, the fuel cell 6 works to generate heat, when the waste heat provided by the cooling fan of the fuel cell 6 is enough to heat the circulating water tank 7, the auxiliary electric heating device is closed, and the water circulation heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 4 replaces the electric heater 2 to heat the low-temperature hydrogen; after the circulating water in the circulating water tank 7 absorbs the waste heat provided by the cooling fan of the fuel cell 6, the circulating water is heated, the heated circulating water flows into the heat exchanger 4 and is cooled in the heat exchanger 4, and the cooled circulating water returns to the circulating water tank 7 again;
in the process, the low-temperature helium gas from the helium coil 3 absorbs heat under the action of an auxiliary electric heating device or a water circulation heat exchange channel in the heat exchanger 4, the low-temperature helium gas is changed into high-temperature helium gas and then flows into the helium coil 3 again, and the heat of the high-temperature helium gas is conducted through the wall surface of the inner shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 to heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, so that the liquid hydrogen is vaporized and pressurized; at the moment, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is vaporized and pressurized under the combined action of the electric heater 2 and the helium coil 3; in order to ensure the normal starting of a fuel cell 6 system, the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 needs to be maintained stable, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is lower than a set pressure value, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is continuously heated through the helium coil 3 and the electric heater 2, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen to improve the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is increased to the set pressure, the electric heater 2 is disconnected, and only the helium coil 3 is left to continuously heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 exceeds the upper pressure limit, the safety valve of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is automatically opened, hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is released through the vent pipe, the pressure is reduced, and the safety is ensured.
When the fuel cell 6 operates stably, the heat provided by the helium coil 3 can meet the energy requirement of vaporization pressurization of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and even if the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is lower than a set pressure value, the electric heater 2 can be turned off, so that the power consumption of the fuel cell 6 is reduced;
when the power of the fuel cell 6 is reduced, the temperature of hot air of a cooling fan of the fuel cell 6 is reduced, the heat provided by waste heat is reduced, the heat exchanger 4 can not heat low-temperature hydrogen, the temperature of normal-temperature hydrogen discharged from the heat exchanger 4 can not reach 25 ℃, in this state, the auxiliary electric heating device is started again through the control system, the heating power of the auxiliary electric heating device is adjusted according to the temperature requirement of the normal-temperature hydrogen discharged from the heat exchanger 4, and the temperature of the normal-temperature hydrogen entering the fuel cell 6 is not lower than 25 ℃.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system, comprising: the system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage module and a hydrogen supply module;
the liquid hydrogen storage module includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and an electric heater (2); the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is internally stored with liquid hydrogen, and the electric heater (2) is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and is used for heating the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1);
the hydrogen supply module includes: a helium coil (3), a heat exchanger (4), a circulating water tank (7) and a fuel cell (6);
a helium heat exchange channel, a hydrogen heat exchange channel and a water circulation heat exchange channel are arranged in the heat exchanger (4);
the helium pipe coil (3) is laid outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); the outlet end of the helium coil (3) is connected with the inlet end of a helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4), and the outlet end of the helium heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4) is connected with the inlet end of the helium coil (3);
the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected with the inlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel, and the outlet end of the hydrogen heat exchange channel is connected with the fuel cell (6) through a hydrogen pipe;
the circulating water tank (7) is arranged at a heat radiation fan of the fuel cell (6), and the heat radiation fan is used for providing waste heat to heat the circulating water tank (7); the outlet of the circulating water tank (7) is connected with the inlet end of a water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4), and the outlet end of the water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4) is connected with the inlet of the circulating water tank (7).
2. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inlet end of the heat exchanger (4) is fitted with an auxiliary electric heating device.
3. The fuel cell liquid hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrogen tank (1) is a double-layer container, and a plurality of layers of aluminum foil and glass fiber are wound between an inner shell and an outer shell of the double-layer container and are maintained in a vacuum state.
4. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a detachable flange valve seat is mounted at the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a liquid hydrogen port and a vent port which are communicated with the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) are formed on the flange valve seat, a liquid hydrogen pipe is connected to the liquid hydrogen port, and a vent pipe is connected to the vent port; the vent pipe is provided with a safety valve.
5. The fuel cell liquid hydrogen system according to claim 4, wherein a pressure gauge and a capacitance type liquid level gauge are further provided on a flange cover of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1).
6. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a helium circulating pump (5) is installed on the pipeline between the helium coil (3) and the helium heat exchange passage of the heat exchanger (4).
7. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a water circulation pump is installed on a pipe between the circulation water tank (7) and the water circulation heat exchange passage of the heat exchanger (4).
8. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a first flow meter are respectively installed on a pipeline between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the hydrogen heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4) to monitor parameters in the hydrogen flow process, and a first electromagnetic valve is also installed to control the hydrogen flow by adjusting the opening degree.
9. A fuel cell liquid hydrogen system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a second flow meter and a second temperature sensor are installed on a pipeline between the circulating water tank (7) and the water circulating heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger (4) to monitor parameters in the circulating water flow process, and a second electromagnetic valve is installed to control the circulating water flow by adjusting the opening degree.
CN202210862471.8A 2021-11-18 2022-07-20 Liquid hydrogen system of fuel cell Pending CN115411300A (en)

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CN2021113688607 2021-11-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116936863A (en) * 2023-08-02 2023-10-24 北京航天试验技术研究所 Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116936863A (en) * 2023-08-02 2023-10-24 北京航天试验技术研究所 Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof
CN116936863B (en) * 2023-08-02 2024-03-12 北京航天试验技术研究所 Cold-start liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof

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