CN115406180B - 一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法 - Google Patents

一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法 Download PDF

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CN115406180B
CN115406180B CN202210326910.3A CN202210326910A CN115406180B CN 115406180 B CN115406180 B CN 115406180B CN 202210326910 A CN202210326910 A CN 202210326910A CN 115406180 B CN115406180 B CN 115406180B
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pressure
tower
air
air separation
separation tower
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CN115406180A (zh
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王怀全
于泳
沈起祥
曹峥
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Angang Steel Co Ltd
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，启动时分阶段控制，共包括三个阶段，第一阶段控制，空压机出口压力超过0.42MPa后，向空分塔下塔导气；第二阶段控制，空压机压力0.46MPa后，启动增压机；第三阶段控制，增压机升至正常工作压力，将空分塔上塔压力控制在40‑50KPa。每个阶段有序打开关键阀并精准控制阀开度，使制氧机组冷状态启动时，能够快速建立精馏，使产品快速合格。启动过程中防止空分塔超压，产品氧气和氮气送出的时间由4小时缩短到1.5小时；氩气的送出时间由24小时缩短到5小时。

Description

一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制氧机组，特别涉及一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法。
背景技术
制氧机组为大型空分设备，制氧机组在冷状态启动初期，若入塔空气量导入过快，将导致空分下塔升压过快，此时，如果未快速大开度打开去上塔节流阀会直接造成下塔低温气体返流至入口通道，以致该通道温度降低至-15℃以下，进而导致空分启动失败。但快速操作节流阀又会导致上塔压力急剧上升，双板式换热器内各股气流偏流，对空分设备启动安全造成严重的影响。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，能够使氧、氮、氩产品快速合格。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：
一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，启动时分阶段控制，具体包括：
1)第一阶段控制，空压机出口压力超过0.42MPa后，向空分塔下塔导气，控制空气进空分塔主阀前后压差在20KPa以下；
2)第二阶段控制，空压机压力0.46MPa后，启动增压机；在空分塔压力升至正常压力前，将空分塔上塔低温气体向外部导出，空分上塔压力升至20-26KPa、空分下塔压力升至0.42-0.45MPa，启动膨胀机，控制空分塔内50％-65％低温气体流向高压换热器；
3)第三阶段控制，增压机升至正常工作压力，将空分塔上塔压力控制在40-50KPa，空分塔下塔液氮含氧量低于10ppm后，将液氮送入管网；空分塔内氧纯度达到99.5％以上时，将高压氧和中压氧送入管网，氩馏份达88.5％以上，主冷液位达20％以上打开粗氩塔进口阀。
第一阶段控制具体步骤：
(1)空压机启动后，空压机出口压力超过0.42MPa后，缓慢开启空气进空分塔的旁路阀，向空分塔下塔导气，空气进空分塔的主阀的前后压差小于20KPa后，将粗氩塔放散阀完全打开，再将空气进空分塔的主阀的开度调整为55％-60％，向空分塔下塔导气；
(2)冷箱联锁投入后，手动调节空分塔下塔的压力调节阀的开度为100﹪；空分塔下塔的压力保持不大于0.46MPa投入自动控制；
第二阶段控制具体步骤：
(1)空压机升压至0.46MPa后，启动增压机，同时将高压换热器的进出空分塔的高压空气调节阀开度调整为5％-10％，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀开度调整为5％-8％，使空分塔下塔的压力低于空分塔上塔压力，禁止空分塔下塔的低温气体返流至入口通道；
(2)空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀的开度40％-50％、污液氮节流阀的开度 40％-50％、纯液氮节流阀的开度40％-50％、富氧液空节流的开度40％-50％，缓慢向空分塔上塔导气，同时将高压换热器的污氮去到氮水塔的调节阀PV1626A开度调整为5％-8％，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀FV1626开度调整为15％-20％，低压换热器的氮气放散阀 FV1502B开度调整为30％-40％，将空分塔上塔低温气体向外部导出；
(3)将高压换热器的高压空气调节阀开度调整为15％-18％，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀开度调整为20％-23％，使高压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的低压氮出口温度均在15℃以上；控制增压机四级出口的高压空气温度和增压机二级出口的低压空气温度的温差在5℃以内；
(4)空分塔上塔压力升至20-26KPa、空分塔下塔压力升至0.42-0.45MPa后，启动膨胀机；膨胀机喷嘴开度调整为80％-85％，膨胀机循环阀关到55％-60％；同时将高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀开度调节为30％-35％，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀开度调节为20％-25％；
(5)之后保持低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀的开度不变，调整高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀的开度，控制空分塔内50％-65％低温气体经过高压换热器，且膨胀机入口温度保持在-145℃以上；
(6)启动液氧泵、液氮泵，并调整空分塔的高压氧气送出阀、低压氧气送出阀、高压氮气送出阀的开度不高于20％；
第三阶段控制具体步骤：
(1)液氧泵、液氮泵启动后，增压机四级压力设定为4.4-4.6MPa，空压机压力设定为0.45-0.48MPa；将空分塔上塔压力控制在40-50kPa，待进入空分塔的空气量达到260000m3/h时进入空分调纯阶段；
(2)空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀、污液氮节流阀、纯液氮节流阀、富氧液空节流阀调整至上一次停机前的开度并投入自动控制，
(3)若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度降低超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度关小1％-3％，若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度升高超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度开大1％-3％；
(4)检测空分塔下塔液氮含氧量低于10ppm后，将液氮送入管网；空分塔内氧纯度达到99.5％以上时，将高压氧和中压氧送入管网；
(5)空分塔内氩馏分达88.5％以上，主冷液位达20％以上开启粗氩塔进口阀；
(6)控制粗氩塔的循环倍率为2.50-2.55，富氧液空蒸发量设定值 77000m3/h-78000m3/h。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明分阶段提高空压机压力及入塔空气量的启动方法，有序打开关键阀并精准控制阀开度，使制氧机组冷状态启动时，能够快速建立精馏，使产品快速合格。
启动过程中防止空分塔超压，产品氧气和氮气送出的时间由4小时缩短到1.5小时；氩气的送出时间由24小时缩短到5小时。
附图说明
图1为制氧机组的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明：
以下实施例对本发明进行详细描述。这些实施例仅是对本发明的最佳实施方案进行描述，并不对本发明的范围进行限制。
一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，空分工艺：空压机制备的压缩空气经空冷塔冷却；分子筛纯化进一步除去水和杂质；经增压机再次加压后一部分直接进空分塔，一部分进膨胀机膨胀冷却并液化；之后液态与气态空气在空分塔内进行精馏，最终制得氧、氮产品送入产品管网，空分塔制备的氩进入粗氩塔；制氧机冷状态下时对空压机进行分阶段压力控制，具体包括：
第一阶段：
1)空压机启动后，空压机出口压力表PIC7038超过0.42MPa后，缓慢开启空气进空分塔的旁路阀HV1296B，向空分塔下塔导气，空气进空分塔的主阀HV1296A的前后压差小于20KPa后，将粗氩塔放散阀HV1720完全打开，再将空气进空分塔的主阀HV1296A的开度调整为55％-60％，向空分塔下塔导气；
2)冷箱联锁投入后，手动调节空分塔下塔的压力调节阀PIC1602的开度为100％；空分塔下塔的压力保持不大于0.46MPa投入自动控制；
第二阶段：
1)空压机升压至0.42-0.46MPa时，启动增压机，同时将高压换热器的进出空分塔的高压空气调节阀FV1530B开度调整为5％-10％，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀FV1535 开度调整为5％-8％，使空分塔下塔的压力低于空分塔上塔压力，禁止空分塔下塔的低温气体返流至入口通道；
2)空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀FV1556开40-50％、污液氮节流阀FV1557 开40-50％、纯液氮节流阀FV1558开40-50％、富氧液空节流LV1601开40-50％，缓慢向空分塔上塔导气，同时将高压换热器的污氮去到氮水塔的调节阀PV1626A开度调整为5％-8％，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀FV1626开度调整为15％-20％，低压换热器的氮气放散阀FV1502B开度调整为30％-40％，将空分塔上塔低温气体向外部导出；
3)将高压换热器的高压空气调节阀FV1530B开度调整为15％-18％，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀FV1535开度调整为20％-23％，使高压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的低压氮出口温度均在15℃以上；控制增压机四级出口的高压空气温度和增压机二级出口的低压空气温度的温差在5℃以内；
4)空分塔上塔压力升至20-26KPa、空分塔下塔压力升至0.42-0.45MPa后，启动膨胀机；膨胀机喷嘴开度调整为80％-85％，膨胀机循环阀PV7408关到55％-60％；同时将高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀PV1626A开度调节为30％-35％，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀FV1626开度调节为20％-25％；
5)之后保持低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀FV1626的开度不变，调整高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀PV1626A的开度，控制空分塔内50％-65％低温气体经过高压换热器，且膨胀机入口温度保持在-145℃以上；
6)启动液氧泵、液氮泵，并调整空分塔的高压氧气送出阀FV1511A、低压氧气送出阀 FV1510A、高压氮气送出阀FV1500A的开度不高于20％；
第三阶段：
1)液氧泵、液氮泵启动后，增压机四级压力设定为4.4-4.6MPa，空压机压力设定为0.45-0.48MPa；将空分塔上塔压力控制在40-50KPa，待进入空分塔的空气量达到260000m3/h时进入空分调纯阶段；
2)空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀FV1556、污液氮节流阀FV1557、纯液氮节流阀FV1558、富氧液空节流阀LV1601调整至上一次停机前的开度并投入自动控制，
3)若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度降低超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度关小1％-3％，若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度升高超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度开大1％-3％；
4)检测空分塔下塔液氮含氧量低于10ppm后，将液氮送入管网；空分塔内氧纯度达到99.5％以上时，将高压氧和中压氧送入管网；
5)空分塔内氩馏分达88.5％以上，主冷液位达20％以上开启粗氩塔进口阀；
6)控制粗氩塔的循环倍率为2.50-2.55，打开粗氩塔调整阀FIC1712开度65％-70％，富氧液空蒸发量设定值77000m3/h-78000m3/h。

Claims (3)

1.一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，其特征在于，启动时分阶段控制，具体包括：
1）第一阶段控制，空压机出口压力超过0.42MPa后，向空分塔下塔导气，控制空气进空分塔主阀前后压差在20KPa以下；
2）第二阶段控制，空压机压力0.46MPa后，启动增压机；在空分塔压力升至正常压力前，将空分塔上塔低温气体向外部导出，空分上塔压力升至20-26KPa、空分下塔压力升至0.42-0.45MPa，启动膨胀机，控制空分塔内50%-65%低温气体流向高压换热器；第二阶段控制具体步骤：
（1）空压机升压至0.46MPa后，启动增压机，同时将高压换热器的进出空分塔的高压空气调节阀开度调整为5%-10%，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀开度调整为5%-8%，使空分塔下塔的压力低于空分塔上塔压力，禁止空分塔下塔的低温气体返流至入口通道；
（2）空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀的开度40%-50%、污液氮节流阀的开度40%-50%、纯液氮节流阀的开度40%-50%、富氧液空节流的开度40%-50%，缓慢向空分塔上塔导气，同时将高压换热器的污氮去到氮水塔的调节阀PV1626A开度调整为5%-8%，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀FV1626开度调整为15%-20%，低压换热器的氮气放散阀FV1502B开度调整为 30%-40%，将空分塔上塔低温气体向外部导出；
（3）将高压换热器的高压空气调节阀开度调整为15%-18%，增压机二级出口的高压空气调节阀开度调整为20%-23%，使高压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的污氮出口温度、低压换热器的低压氮出口温度均在15℃以上；控制增压机四级出口的高压空气温度和增压机二级出口的低压空气温度的温差在5℃以内；
（4）空分塔上塔压力升至20-26KPa、空分塔下塔压力升至0.42-0.45MPa后，启动膨胀机；膨胀机喷嘴开度调整为80%-85%，膨胀机循环阀关到55%-60%；同时将高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀开度调节为30%-35%，低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀开度调节为20%-25%；
（5）之后保持低压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀的开度不变，调整高压换热器的污氮到氮水塔的调节阀的开度，控制空分塔内50%-65%低温气体经过高压换热器，且膨胀机入口温度保持在-145℃以上；
（6）启动液氧泵、液氮泵，并调整空分塔的高压氧气送出阀、低压氧气送出阀、高压氮气送出阀的开度不高于20%；
3）第三阶段控制，增压机升至正常工作压力，将空分塔上塔压力控制在40-50KPa，空分塔下塔液氮含氧量低于10ppm后，将液氮送入管网；空分塔内氧纯度达到99.5%以上时，将高压氧和中压氧送入管网，氩馏份达88.5%以上，主冷液位达20%以上打开粗氩塔进口阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，其特征在于，第一阶段控制具体步骤：
（1）空压机启动后，空压机出口压力超过0.42MPa后，缓慢开启空气进空分塔的旁路阀，向空分塔下塔导气，空气进空分塔的主阀的前后压差小于20KPa后，将粗氩塔放散阀完全打开，再将空气进空分塔的主阀的开度调整为55%-60%，向空分塔下塔导气；
（2）冷箱联锁投入后，手动调节空分塔下塔的压力调节阀的开度为100﹪；空分塔下塔的压力保持不大于0.46MPa投入自动控制。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制氧机冷状态速启动的方法，其特征在于，第三阶段控制具体步骤：
（1）液氧泵、液氮泵启动后，增压机四级压力设定为4.4-4.6MPa，空压机压力设定为0.45-0.48MPa；将空分塔上塔压力控制在40-50kPa，待进入空分塔的空气量达到260000m3/h时进入空分调纯阶段；
（2）空分塔下塔到空分塔上塔的液空节流阀、污液氮节流阀、纯液氮节流阀、富氧液空节流阀调整至上一次停机前的开度并投入自动控制；
（3）若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度降低超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度关小1%-3%，若高压换热器污氮出口温度、低压换热器污氮出口温度、增压机二级高压空气出口及低压空气出口温度升高超过10℃，将增压机二级出口高压空气调节阀FV1535开度开大1%-3%；
（4）检测空分塔下塔液氮含氧量低于10ppm后，将液氮送入管网；空分塔内氧纯度达到99.5%以上时，将高压氧和中压氧送入管网；
（5）空分塔内氩馏分达88.5%以上，主冷液位达20%以上开启粗氩塔进口阀；
（6）控制粗氩塔的循环倍率为2.50-2.55，富氧液空蒸发量设定值77000m3/h-78000m3/h。
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CN112984955A (zh) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-18 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种空分设备板翅式换热器的启动方法

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CN101684982A (zh) * 2008-09-28 2010-03-31 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种空气分离设备热状态启动方法
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