CN115401770A - 一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法及制备的保温板/砖 - Google Patents
一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法及制备的保温板/砖 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于建筑保温材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法及制备的保温板/砖,制作方法包括装饰细石混凝土压制成型、施胶、复合成型、养护等,本发明的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖中保温层、粘结层、装饰层均为无机材料,且通过连续制作方法形成梯度材料,即各层材料强度逐渐变化,形成了无界面或弱界面复合板/砖,具有与建筑物同寿命的特点;由于具有榫卯结构,有效解决了板/砖与板/砖之间的热损失问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑保温材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法及制备的保温板/砖。
背景技术
建筑外墙保温装饰一体化产品是国家大力推广的建筑节能新型产品。建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板,是由保温材料、装饰面层材料等组成,是在工厂预制成型的复合板。该复合板中的装饰面层材料有两类:(1)以氟碳金属漆、真石漆、岩片漆、花彩漆等为主;(2)以装饰金属、陶瓷、石材等薄片材料为主,并且通过有机胶将其与保温材料复合而成。目前建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板存在的突出问题是不耐候,一般使用3~5年,漆类装饰层和有机胶粘结剂就开始开裂和脱落,其原因是漆类装饰层中的有机成膜物质在室外雨水、氧气、紫外线和冻融循环的综合作用下容易老化和脱落;保温层与装饰层薄片材料之间的有机胶在温差作用引起的应力变化下界面分离且有机胶本身老化。
建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板与板之间的缝隙是渗水和传热的通道,目前渗水问题可以采用各种密封胶处理,但是保温还没有得到很好处理。随着保温节能要求越来越高(如超低能耗和近零能耗建筑),保温层越来越厚(如超过200mm厚,超过100mm厚被称为砖),板/砖之间缝隙的保温处理尤其重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法及制备的保温板/砖。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,包括以下步骤:
S1制备装饰细石混凝土混合料:将200-400份水泥、0-200份粉煤灰、50-150份重钙粉、5-40份颜料、2~8份防水剂、400-800份细石和水按水胶比为0.3~0.4的比例放入搅拌设备中搅拌,得到干硬性装饰细石混凝土混合料,所述水胶比是水与胶凝材料的质量比,所述凝胶材料包括水泥和粉煤灰;
S2装饰细石混凝土压制成型:将得到的干硬性装饰细石混凝土混合料装入模具中,并进行压制处理,得到装饰层半成品;
S3施胶:在装饰层半成品终凝前,在顶部铺入水泥基粘结剂并压入一层耐碱玻纤网格布,网格布压入水泥基粘结剂内部;
S4复合成型:在水泥基粘结剂凝固前,将无机保温板置于水泥基粘结剂层上并向下压入2mm;
S5养护:将S4得到的复合成型的一体板于5~40℃、相对湿度大于80%条件下养护14天,再于自然条件下干燥7天即得到保温装饰一体板/砖成品,成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度不低于30MPa。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中粉煤灰为二级粉煤灰或一级粉煤灰;所述细石为粒径不大于5mm的石灰石级配颗粒;所述防水剂为耐碱有机硅防水粉或硬酯酸盐;所述水泥为通用硅酸盐水泥,白色硅酸盐水泥,白色硫铝酸盐水泥中的至少两种;所述重钙粉为粒度为800目以上的白色碳酸钙粉;所述颜料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化钛、氧化钴中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥230-300份,粉煤灰0-150份,重钙粉80-120份,颜料10-30份,防水剂3~6份,细石400-700份,水胶比为0.33~0.38。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥270份,粉煤灰0份,重钙粉100份,颜料25份,防水剂5份,细石600份,水胶比为0.35。
进一步的,所述水泥基粘结剂厚度为3~5mm,所述装饰细石混凝土制作的装饰层半成品的厚度为5~10mm,所述无机保温板为无机塑化微孔保温板、发泡玻璃板、发泡陶瓷板、匀质板中的一种,所述水泥基粘结材料和耐碱玻纤网格布为膨胀聚苯板(EPS)薄抹灰体系中规定的产品。
利用上述方法制备得到的具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,所述保温装饰一体化板/砖长度为600~1200mm,宽度为300~600mm,厚度为60~240mm,榫头和榫槽位于保温装饰一体化板/砖左右两侧的侧壁位置,榫头和榫槽的高度为(板/砖厚度-40)/2mm且距离保温装饰一体化板/砖的上、下面各20mm,榫头和榫槽的端面为半圆形;保温装饰一体化板/砖性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A1或A2)级,干密度≤240kg/m3,抗压强度≥0.3MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度≥0.10MPa,体积吸水率≤6.0%,导热系数≤0.060W/(m·K)。
本发明具有的优点是:
1.本发明的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其保温层、粘结层、装饰层是连续成型的,能够使得各层有效的粘结,不需要用有机胶进行二次复合,更加环保、无异味;
2.本发明的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其保温层、粘结层、装饰层均为无机材料,且形成梯度材料,即各层材料强度逐渐变化,形成了无界面或弱界面复合板/砖,本发明所制作的无机保温装饰一体板/砖具有很好的耐候性,将与建筑物同寿命,原因是:装饰层通过低水胶比干硬性混凝土压制成型并且内掺了防水剂,抗压强度30MP a以上,不渗水、不开裂,能长期抵抗室外的雨水和冻融作用,有效保护粘结层直接暴露在室外,粘结层里的有机网格布和有机胶粉不容易老化;粘结层内掺入适量胶粉和铺入一层耐碱网格布,具有一定塑性,可以分散温差引起的应力变化,同时粘结层由于掺入有机胶粉大幅度增加粘结力和降低抗压强度,与较低强度的保温层更匹配,所以保温层与外装饰层的界面不容易脱落,从而形成一个整体;
3.本发明的建筑外墙保温装饰一体板/砖,由于具有榫卯结构,有效解决了板/砖与板/砖之间的热损失问题,榫卯结构可有效阻挡热量直接从板/砖缝之间传递,从而大幅度降低热损失。
附图说明
图1是本发明中具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的结构示意图。
图2是图1的剖面图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图所示,一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A2)级,干密度142kg/m3,抗压强度0.53MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.11MPa,体积吸水率4.0%,导热系数0.047W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=800mm,宽=400mm,厚d=200mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为100mm并且距离保温板1的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土4材料的质量份组成为:水泥270份,重钙粉100份,颜料25份,防水剂5份,细石600份,水胶比为0.35;成品中装饰细石混凝土4的抗压强度35MPa;水泥基粘结剂2厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布3;
该保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S01装饰细石混凝土4混合:将水泥、重钙粉、颜料、防水剂、细石和水按比例放入搅拌设备中搅拌,得到干硬性装饰细石混凝土混合料;
步骤S02装饰细石混凝土压制成型:将得到的干硬性装饰细石混凝土4混合料装入模具中,并进行压制处理,得到装饰层半成品;
步骤S03施胶:在装饰层半成品还没有终凝前,铺入水泥基粘结剂2和一层耐碱网格布3;
步骤S04复合成型:在水泥基粘结剂没有凝固前,将无机保温板3放在水泥基粘结剂层上并压入2mm;
步骤S05养护:将上述复合成型的一体板在保温(5~40℃)保湿(相对湿度大于80%)条件下养护14天,再在自然条件下干燥7天后即得到保温装饰一体板/砖成品。
实施例2
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A2)级,干密度150kg/m3,抗压强度0.60MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.15MPa,体积吸水率3.0%,导热系数0.048W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=600mm,宽=300mm,厚d=240mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为120mm并且距离保温板的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥200份,粉煤灰50公斤,重钙粉50份,颜料25份,防水剂5份,细石600份,水胶比为0.35;成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度38MPa;水泥基粘结剂厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布;
该建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A2)级,抗压强度0.30MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.10MPa,体积吸水率6.0%,导热系数0.042W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=1200mm,宽=600mm,厚d=60mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为30mm并且距离保温板的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥400份,粉煤灰50,重钙粉50份,颜料,5份,防水剂2份,细石493份,水胶比为0.30;成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度40MPa;水泥基粘结剂厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布;
该建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A1)级,干密度240kg/m3,抗压强度0.56MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.11MPa,体积吸水率4.0%,导热系数0.060W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=600mm,宽=300mm,厚d=240mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为120mm并且距离保温板的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥200份,粉煤灰100份,100份,颜料40份,防水剂8份,细石552份,水胶比为0.35;成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度30MPa;水泥基粘结剂厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布;
该建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法与实施例1相同。
实施例5
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A1)级,干密度220kg/m3,抗压强度0.60MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.12MPa,体积吸水率4.0%,导热系数0.058W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=600mm,宽=300mm,厚d=240mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为120mm并且距离保温板的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥220份,粉煤灰100份,100份,颜料35份,防水剂5,细石540份,水胶比为0.35;成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度32MPa;水泥基粘结剂厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布;
该建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法与实施例1相同。
实施例6
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其主要性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A1)级,干密度200kg/m3,抗压强度0.40MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度0.12MPa,体积吸水率4.0%,导热系数0.055W/(m·K);
一种具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的长L=600mm,宽=300mm,厚d=240mm;榫头(突出部分)和榫槽(凹进部分)的尺寸均为120mm并且距离保温板的上、下面各20mm、位于板的厚度方向、半园形;
装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥220份,粉煤灰100份,100份,颜料35份,防水剂5,细石540份,水胶比为0.35;成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度32MPa;水泥基粘结剂厚度为5mm,其中铺设一层耐碱玻纤网格布;
该建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖的制作方法与实施例1相同。
根据GB/T 50082-2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准中的快冻法进行冻融试验,本发明的成品试块(试块周围和底部用石蜡密封)经过300次冻融循环质量损失率为1.9%,而对比样品(保温层表面仅做真石漆)经过25次冻融循环质量损失率达到5%。
根据GB/T 10294《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定 防护热板法》对保温层进行热阻性能测试,本发明的成品样品(板中间为榫卯结构)比完整样品(板中间无拼缝)的热阻降低5%,而对比样品(板中间为直缝)比完整样品(板中间无拼缝)的热阻降低10%。
Claims (6)
1.一种建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1制备装饰细石混凝土混合料:将200-400份水泥、0-200份粉煤灰、50-150份重钙粉、5-40份颜料、2~8份防水剂、400-800份细石和水按水胶比为0.3~0.4的比例放入搅拌设备中搅拌,得到干硬性装饰细石混凝土混合料,所述水胶比是水与胶凝材料的质量比,所述凝胶材料包括水泥和粉煤灰;
S2装饰细石混凝土压制成型:将得到的干硬性装饰细石混凝土混合料装入模具中,并进行压制处理,得到装饰层半成品;
S3施胶:在装饰层半成品终凝前,在顶部铺入水泥基粘结剂并压入一层耐碱玻纤网格布,网格布压入水泥基粘结剂内部;
S4复合成型:在水泥基粘结剂凝固前,将无机保温板置于水泥基粘结剂层上并向下压入2mm;
S5养护:将S4得到的复合成型的一体板于5~40℃、相对湿度大于80%条件下养护14天,再于自然条件下干燥7天即得到保温装饰一体板(砖)成品,成品中装饰细石混凝土的抗压强度不低于30MPa。
2.如权利要求1所述的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中粉煤灰为二级粉煤灰或一级粉煤灰;所述细石为粒径不大于5mm的石灰石颗粒;所述防水剂为耐碱有机硅防水粉或硬酯酸盐;所述水泥为通用硅酸盐水泥,白色硅酸盐水泥,白色硫铝酸盐水泥中的至少两种;所述重钙粉为粒度为800目以上的白色碳酸钙粉;所述颜料为氧化铁、氧化铬、氧化钛、氧化钴中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求2所述的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥230-300份,粉煤灰0-150份,重钙粉80-120份,颜料10-30份,防水剂3~6份,细石400-700份,水胶比为0.33~0.38。
4.如权利要求3所述的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中装饰细石混凝土材料的质量份组成为:水泥270份,粉煤灰0份,重钙粉100份,颜料25份,防水剂5份,细石600份,水胶比为0.35。
5.如权利要求4所述的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖制作方法,其特征在于:所述水泥基粘结剂厚度为3~5mm,所述装饰细石混凝土制作的装饰层半成品的厚度为5~10mm,所述无机保温板为无机塑化微孔保温板、发泡玻璃板、发泡陶瓷板、匀质板中的一种。
6.利用权利要求1-5任一所述的方法制备得到的具有榫卯结构的建筑外墙保温装饰一体化板/砖,其特征在于:所述保温装饰一体化板/砖长度为600~1200mm,宽度为300~600mm,厚度为60~240mm,榫头和榫槽位于保温板/砖左右两侧的侧壁位置,榫头和榫槽的高度为(板/砖厚度-40)/2mm且距离保温装饰一体化板/砖的上、下面各20mm,榫头和榫槽的端面为半圆形;保温装饰一体化板/砖性能指标为:燃烧等级为A(A1或A2)级,干密度≤240kg/m3,抗压强度≥0.3MPa,垂直板面抗拉强度≥0.10MPa,体积吸水率≤6.0%,导热系数≤0.060W/(m·K)。
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