CN115394973B - High-first-efficiency high-energy-density negative electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-first-efficiency high-energy-density negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding aluminum propoxide, an aluminate coupling agent and carbon nanotube conductive liquid into deionized water to prepare a solution with the concentration of 1-10%, adding graphite, uniformly dispersing, performing hydrothermal reaction, freeze-drying to obtain a porous aluminum oxide coated graphite composite material, and depositing a silicon-based material on the surface or pores through oxygen plasma carrier gas. The negative electrode material prepared by the invention has better high-temperature storage performance, energy density and power performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of lithium ion battery materials, in particular to a high-first-efficiency high-energy-density negative electrode material and a preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density negative electrode material.
Background
Along with the improvement of the lithium ion battery on the requirement of the energy density of the negative electrode, the first efficiency of the material is improved while the negative electrode material has high specific capacity, the exertion of the gram capacity of the positive electrode of the full battery is improved, and the energy density of the full battery is improved. The current market negative electrode material mainly takes artificial graphite as a main material, the surface coating material is a soft carbon/hard carbon material, the first efficiency of the artificial graphite is between 91 and 94 percent, especially for a positive electrode LFP system (the first efficiency is more than 96 percent), the first efficiency of a full battery is lower, the energy density of the full battery is influenced, the reason is that the specific capacity of the soft carbon or the hard carbon coated on the surface of the artificial graphite is low, the first efficiency of the soft carbon or the hard carbon is lower (300 mAh/g,80 percent), and one of measures for improving the first efficiency of the material is to coat a carbon-based/non-carbon-based material with high first efficiency and good dynamics on the surface of the graphite, and the energy density of the material is not reduced. The porous metal oxide has the advantages that the dynamic performance is improved by virtue of the porous structure, the oxide has the inertia to electrolyte, lithium ions consumed for forming an SEI film are reduced, the first efficiency is improved, and the energy density is improved by doping a high-capacity silicon-based material. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN110828811 a discloses a silicon oxide-graphite composite negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and its preparation method, which comprises the following steps: the silicon oxide slurry, the graphite slurry, the asphalt, the aluminum isopropoxide and other organic carbon sources are subjected to ball milling and mixing in a ball milling tank, spray drying and high-temperature sintering to obtain the silicon oxide-graphite composite negative electrode material, wherein the silicon oxide is coated on the surface of the graphite by a chemical method, and the silicon oxide is poor in uniformity and uneven in thickness, so that the first efficiency and the cycle performance of the silicon oxide-graphite composite negative electrode material are affected. The patent application number 201711489355.1 is that aluminum isopropoxide and fluoride solution are coated on the surface of a lithium manganate material in a liquid phase, and aluminum fluoride coated lithium manganate is obtained through sintering, so that the specific surface area of aluminum fluoride on the surface of the material is small, and the material dynamics performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material with better high-temperature storage performance, energy density and power performance.
The invention further aims at providing a preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material.
The invention relates to a high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material which is composed of an amorphous carbon/porous alumina and a silicon-based material, wherein the inner core is graphite, and the amorphous carbon/porous alumina and the silicon-based material are coated on the surface of the inner core.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing aluminum propoxide, an aluminate coupling agent and a carbon nanotube conductive liquid according to the mass ratio of 100:1-5:1-5, adding the aluminum propoxide, the aluminate coupling agent and the carbon nanotube conductive liquid into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution with the concentration of 1-10%, adding graphite into the mixed solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, performing hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 2Mpa for 3h, and performing freeze drying at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 6h to obtain the porous alumina coated graphite composite material;
wherein aluminum propoxide: graphite mass ratio=1-5:100;
(2) Transferring the porous alumina coated graphite composite material into a reaction cavity of a vacuum chamber as a substrate, adjusting a silicon-based target material to be 1-3mm away from the substrate, and performing vacuum degree of 1×10 -4 ～1×10 -5 Heating to 200-500 ℃, then starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 1-50 pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 100-1000V to generate oxygen, and depositing the silicon-based material under the auxiliary atmosphere of oxygen plasma for 10-120 minutes to obtain the silicon-based doped porous alumina coated graphite composite material.
The mass concentration of the carbon nano tube conductive liquid in the step (1) is 1-5 wt%.
The silicon-based material in the step (2) is nano silicon, silicon oxide (SiO) X 2 > X > 0) or silicon carbon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious beneficial effects, and the technical scheme can be adopted as follows: according to the invention, the porous alumina obtained by adopting the organic aluminum compound (aluminum propoxide) and the aluminum-based coupling agent thereof through a hydrothermal method has mild reaction conditions, good uniformity and stable coating structure compared with inorganic porous alumina, and the porous reticular structure is obtained, and the carbon nano tube with high composite electric conductivity is used for improving the electronic conductivity. Meanwhile, by the oxygen plasma technology, the specific capacity and the power performance of the material are improved by depositing the high-capacity silicon-based material on the outer layer of the material, and the silicon-based material has the advantages of high reaction speed, controllable process, high density and capability of obtaining the improved cycle performance of the silicon-based material. The specific capacity of the negative electrode material is more than or equal to 370mAh/g, and the first efficiency is more than or equal to 96%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a silicon-based doped porous alumina-coated graphite composite material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) 100g of aluminum propoxide, 3g of aluminate coupling agent and 100ml of 3% carbon nanotube conducting solution are weighed and added into 2020ml of deionized water to prepare 5% mixed solution, 3333g of artificial graphite is added into the mixed solution, the mixture is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic, and the porous alumina coated graphite composite material is obtained through hydrothermal reaction (120 ℃,2mpa and 3 h), filtration and freeze drying of filter residues (-40 ℃ for 6 h);
(2) Transferring 100g porous alumina coated graphite composite material into a reaction cavity of a vacuum chamber as a substrate, adjusting a nano silicon target material to be 2mm away from the substrate by adopting an oxygen plasma technology, and performing vacuum degree of 5 multiplied by 10 -5 Heating to 300 ℃, starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 20pa, ionizing gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 500V to generate oxygen, and depositing nano silicon in an oxygen plasma auxiliary atmosphere for 60 minutes to obtain the silicon doped porous alumina coated graphite composite material.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) 100g of aluminum propoxide, 1g of aluminate coupling agent and 100ml of 1% carbon nanotube conducting solution are weighed and added into 10100ml of deionized water to prepare a 1% mixed solution, 10000g of artificial graphite is added into the mixed solution, the ultrasonic dispersion is uniform, and the porous alumina coated graphite composite material is obtained through hydrothermal reaction (120 ℃,2mpa and 3 h), filtration and filter residue freeze drying (-40 ℃ and 6 h);
(2) Transferring 100g porous alumina coated graphite composite material into a reaction chamber as a substrate, adjusting the SiO target material to be 1mm away from the substrate by adopting an oxygen plasma technology, and vacuum-controlling the vacuum degree to be 1 multiplied by 10 -4 Heating to 500 ℃, starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 1pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 100V to generate oxygen, depositing SiO material under the auxiliary atmosphere of oxygen plasma for 10 minutes, and obtaining the silicon-doped porous alumina coated graphiteA composite material.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 100g of aluminum propoxide, 5g of aluminate coupling agent and 100ml of 5% carbon nanotube conducting solution, adding the mixture into 1000ml of deionized water to prepare 10% mixed solution, adding 2000g of artificial graphite into the mixed solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, performing hydrothermal reaction (120 ℃,2mpa and 3 h), filtering, and freeze-drying filter residues (-40 ℃ for 6 h) to obtain a porous alumina coated graphite composite material;
(2) Transferring 100g porous alumina coated graphite composite material into a reaction chamber as a substrate, adjusting SiC target material to be 3mm away from the substrate by adopting an oxygen plasma technology, and vacuum-controlling the vacuum degree to be 1 multiplied by 10 -5 Heating to 200 ℃, then starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 50pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 1000V to generate oxygen, and depositing the SiC material in an oxygen plasma auxiliary atmosphere for 120 minutes to obtain the silicon-based doped porous alumina coated graphite composite material.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the silicon amorphous carbon coated graphite composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing 100g of the porous alumina coated graphite composite material in the step (1) in the embodiment 1, adding 10g of asphalt and 1g of silicon oxide into a ball mill, uniformly mixing, heating to 250 ℃ under argon atmosphere for softening for 1h, heating to 800 ℃ for carbonization for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the silicon amorphous carbon coated graphite composite material.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the silicon-doped artificial graphite composite material comprises the following steps:
transferring 100g artificial graphite composite material into a reaction chamber as a substrate, adjusting the nano silicon target material to be 2mm away from the substrate by adopting an oxygen plasma technology, and vacuum-controlling the vacuum degree to be 5 multiplied by 10 -5 Heating to 300 ℃, starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, and dividing the oxygen pressureAnd (3) at 20pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 500V to generate oxygen, and depositing nano silicon in an oxygen plasma auxiliary atmosphere for 60 minutes to obtain the silicon doped artificial graphite composite material.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the silicon-doped graphite composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 10g of phenolic resin, adding the phenolic resin into 200ml of cyclohexane to prepare a 5% mixed solution, adding 100g of artificial graphite into the mixed solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, performing hydrothermal reaction (120 ℃,2mpa and 3 h), filtering, and freeze-drying (-40 ℃ for 6 h) to obtain an amorphous carbon coated graphite composite material;
(2) Transferring 100g amorphous carbon coated graphite composite material into a reaction chamber as a substrate, adjusting the nano silicon target material to be 2mm away from the substrate by adopting an oxygen plasma technology, and performing vacuum degree of 5 multiplied by 10 -5 Heating to 300 ℃, starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 20pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 500V to generate oxygen, and depositing nano silicon under the auxiliary atmosphere of oxygen plasma for 60 minutes to obtain the silicon-doped graphite composite material.
Test example:
performance testing
(1) SEM test
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the silica-based doped porous alumina coated graphite composite material prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the material has a granular structure, a particle size of 10-15 μm, and a uniform size.
(2) Physical and chemical property test
The oil absorption values of the graphite composites produced in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 were tested to characterize the ability of the materials to absorb electrolyte. The specific surface area, tap density and content of metallic substance aluminum through EDS of the composite material are tested according to GB/T7046-2003 method in determination of absorption value of pigment carbon black dibutyl phthalate, and GB/T24533-2019 lithium ion battery graphite cathode material.
TABLE 1 comparison of physicochemical Properties of examples 1-3 and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the tap density of the composite material prepared by the invention is obviously higher than that of comparative examples 1-3, because the porous alumina can be uniformly and densely coated on the surface of graphite by adopting oxygen plasma; meanwhile, the porous alumina has the characteristic of high density, and the tap density is improved. Meanwhile, the porous alumina has high specific surface area, so that the specific surface area of the graphite composite material is improved.
(2) Charge and discharge performance test
The assembly method for respectively assembling the composite materials of the neutralization comparative examples 1-3 into the button cell comprises the following steps: adding binder and solvent into the composite material, stirring to slurry, coating the slurry on copper foil, drying and rolling to obtain the pole piece. Wherein the binder is PVDF binder, the solvent is NMP, and the dosage ratio is graphene: PVDF: nmp=80 g:20g:300ml; the electrolyte is LiPF 6 EC+DEC (volume ratio of EC to DEC 1:1, liPF) 6 The concentration is 1.3 mol/L), the metal lithium sheet is a counter electrode, and the diaphragm adopts a polyethylene propylene (PEP) composite film and is assembled in a glove box filled with argon.
The electrochemical performance is carried out on a Wuhan blue electric 5V/10mA battery tester, the charge-discharge voltage ranges from 0.005V to 2.0V, and the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.1C. Simultaneously testing the multiplying power and the cycle performance of the material, wherein the discharge multiplying power is 0.1C/0.2C/0.5C/1C/2C/3C, and calculating the retention rate of 2C/0.1C; meanwhile, the cycle performance of the electric power buckle at 0.2C/0.2C, 0.005V-2V and 25+/-3 ℃ is tested.
The normal temperature DCR of the material is tested through buckling.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparison of results of electrochemical performance tests of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the discharge capacity and efficiency of the batteries prepared from the composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 were significantly higher than those of the comparative examples. The porous alumina coated in the composite material has the characteristic of being insoluble with electrolyte, so that lithium ions consumed by forming an SEI film in the charge and discharge process are reduced, and the first efficiency of the material is improved; meanwhile, the porous structure and the high specific surface area of the material improve the liquid retention performance and the cycle performance of the material.
The above is only a preferred embodiment and experimental example of the present invention, and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made in the practice of the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, substitution (equivalent), improvement, etc. made within the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the high-first-efficiency high-energy-density anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing aluminum propoxide, an aluminate coupling agent and a carbon nanotube conductive liquid according to the mass ratio of 100:1-5:1-5, adding the aluminum propoxide, the aluminate coupling agent and the carbon nanotube conductive liquid into deionized water to prepare a mixed solution with the concentration of 1-10%, adding graphite into the mixed solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, performing hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 2Mpa for 3h, and performing freeze drying at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 6h to obtain the porous alumina coated graphite composite material;
wherein aluminum propoxide: graphite mass ratio=1-5:100;
(2) Transferring the porous alumina coated graphite composite material into a reaction cavity of a vacuum chamber as a substrate, adjusting a silicon-based target material to be 1-3mm away from the substrate, and performing vacuum degree of 1×10 -4 ～1×10 -5 Heating to 200-500 ℃, then starting a pulse laser, introducing an optical introduction system, introducing oxygen into a vacuum chamber, wherein the oxygen partial pressure is 1-50 pa, ionizing the gas in the vacuum chamber under the high pressure of 100-1000V to generate oxygen, and depositing the silicon-based material under the auxiliary atmosphere of oxygen plasma for 10-120 minutes to obtain the silicon-based doped porous alumina coated graphite composite material.
2. The method for preparing a high first efficiency high energy density anode material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass concentration of the carbon nano tube conductive liquid in the step (1) is 1-5 wt%.
3. The method for preparing a high energy density anode material with high initial efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the silicon-based material in the step (2) is nano silicon, silicon oxygen SiO X Wherein 2 > X > 0 or one of silicon carbon.
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