CN115387337A - Construction method of prefabricated pipe pile with pile side self-expansion expander - Google Patents
Construction method of prefabricated pipe pile with pile side self-expansion expander Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/48—Piles varying in construction along their length, i.e. along the body between head and shoe, e.g. made of different materials along their length
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/72—Pile shoes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a prefabricated tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander, and belongs to the field of pile foundation engineering. The method is characterized in that a pile side self-expansion expander is arranged on a pile body and comprises an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve capable of expanding, and the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are matched to form an annular cylindrical structure with the diameter of the bottom determining the telescopic expansion of the top. After the pile is driven, the annular cylindrical structure is expanded by utilizing the characteristic that the high-expansion material expands when meeting water, and meanwhile, a proper amount of concrete or cement is injected into the position of the pile side self-expansion expander to form one or more expansion structures along the pile body. The method combines the advantages of the extruded and expanded pile and the prefabricated pipe pile. Compared with the conventional expanded-base cast-in-place pile, the construction steps are few, the consumed time is short, the end resistance of each better soil layer in the effective range of the pile body is fully utilized, the friction pile is changed into a multi-fulcrum friction end bearing type pile, and the compressive bearing capacity and the uplift bearing capacity of the prestressed pipe pile can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pile foundation engineering, and particularly relates to a construction method of a precast tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander.
Background
As a new pile type, the extruded and expanded pile changes the load transmission and stress mechanism of the pile by arranging the bearing discs or branches at different positions along the pile body, and has the advantages of greatly increased bearing capacity of the pile foundation, good shock resistance, small settlement deformation and the like. For example, an invention patent with the application number of CN201010264525.8 discloses a prefabricated extruded and expanded pile, a construction method thereof and construction mechanical equipment, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: sinking the hollow precast pile with the bottom connected with the pile plug into a preset depth; removing the pile plug, and pouring the uncoagulated pile body material into the hollow precast pile; extruding the uncoagulated pile body material into the soil body at the lower part of the hollow precast pile to form a pile bottom expanding section; and repeating the steps until the pile bottom expanding section meets the requirement. The pile type is provided with the pile bottom expanding section, so that the end bearing capacity of prefabricated piles such as PHC tubular piles, hollow square piles and the like which are widely applied at present is greatly improved, and the pile type can be used as a pulling-resistant and pressure-resistant bearing pile.
Years of practice prove that the pile extruding and expanding technology is reliable, the economic benefit is obvious, and the application prospect is very wide. However, the extruded and expanded pile can only be applied to a cast-in-situ bored pile, and the pile body of the extruded and expanded pile can be implemented only by site construction, so that the defects of long construction period and difficult guarantee of construction quality exist.
The prefabricated pipe pile is a pile type which is directly prefabricated in a factory and then is piled on site, the application range of the prefabricated pipe pile is more and more extensive in recent years, and the cost can be reduced to a great extent depending on the advantages of streamlined manufacturing, convenience in transportation, rapid construction and the like. However, the integral structure of the precast tubular pile is usually formed by formwork machining in a factory in advance, and is difficult to adjust during actual site construction, so that the precast tubular pile has the problems of poor flexibility and incapability of adapting to different soil conditions. Especially for soft soil foundations with wide deep and soft soil layers and high requirements for bearing capacity of the foundation, the precast tubular pile often cannot have sufficient bearing capacity, and therefore the precast tubular pile is difficult to be applied to the soft soil foundations. Therefore, how to flexibly adjust the bearing capacity of the pile foundation in the precast tubular pile according to the actual site situation is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a precast tubular pile in the prior art cannot flexibly adjust the bearing capacity of a pile foundation according to the actual field condition, and provides a precast tubular pile structure with a pile side self-expansion expander.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a construction method of a precast tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander comprises the following steps:
s1, coaxially sleeving a prefabricated pile side self-expansion expander on a pile body of a prefabricated pipe pile and connecting the prefabricated pile side self-expansion expander with a liquid injection pipeline, and installing a pile shoe on the bottom pile end of the prefabricated pipe pile;
the pile side self-expansion expander comprises an inner sleeve and an expandable outer sleeve which are coaxially nested inside and outside, the bottom of the inner sleeve is provided with an extension section protruding out of the bottom of the expandable outer sleeve, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the precast tubular pile, and the bottom of the extension section is provided with a clamp which clamps the inner sleeve on the pile body of the precast tubular pile in a surrounding manner; the bottom of the outer sleeve capable of expanding the diameter and the inner sleeve are kept at intervals and sealed through an annular bottom plate, and the outer sleeve capable of expanding the diameter, the inner sleeve and the annular bottom plate jointly enclose to form an annular groove with an upward opening;
the outer sleeve capable of expanding diameter is formed by alternately splicing a plurality of fixed plates and folding assemblies and is in rotary connection with the annular bottom plate; a folding assembly is arranged between any two fixed plates, each folding assembly comprises two folding plates and three articulated elements, the inner side edges of the two folding plates are rotatably connected through one articulated element, and the outer side edges of the two folding plates are respectively rotatably connected with the fixed plate on the side of the two folding plates through one articulated element; each folding assembly on the outer expandable sleeve has two folding forms and an unfolding form, wherein two folding plates are folded in the annular groove in the folding forms, and the two folding plates are unfolded flatly and positioned on the side face of the same inverted circular truncated cone with the fixing plate in the unfolding forms;
the annular grooves are filled with expansion materials capable of absorbing water and expanding, the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve is larger than the diameter of the top surface but smaller than the diameter of the pile shoe when all the folding assemblies are in the folding state, and the diameter of the top surface of the outer expandable sleeve is larger than the diameter of the bottom surface when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolding state; the inner sleeve is provided with a slurry overflow port penetrating through the cylinder wall, and the height of the slurry overflow port is lower than that of the top surface of the expandable outer sleeve when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolded state;
the liquid injection pipeline is arranged along the outer part of the precast tubular pile, and an outlet at the bottom of the liquid injection pipeline extends into the annular groove;
s2, keeping the prefabricated pipe pile in a vertical state, supporting a pile shoe on a pile foundation site of a foundation, keeping each folding assembly on an outer expandable sleeve in the self-expansion expander at the pile side in a folding state, and enabling the top of the outer expandable sleeve to be close to the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve; then applying downward pressure to the pile top of the precast tubular pile to drive the precast tubular pile, the pile side self-expansion expander, the pile shoe and the liquid injection pipeline into the designed depth in a whole;
s3, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline with a water injection device, injecting water into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline, and pushing the outer sleeve capable of expanding in a laid-down mode along the radial direction to expand and to be converted into an expanded state after the expansion material absorbs water and expands, so that the diameter of the top of the outer sleeve capable of expanding in a laid-down mode is expanded;
s4, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline with grouting equipment, injecting curable grouting slurry into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline, enabling the grouting slurry to gradually fill the annular groove, and entering and filling an annular gap between the inner sleeve and the precast tubular pile when the slurry liquid level reaches the height of the slurry overflow port; and after the grouting slurry is cured, an expanding structure for improving the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the pile body is formed on the pile body of the precast tubular pile.
Preferably, a plurality of pile side self-expansion expanders are arranged at different heights on the precast tubular pile.
Preferably, the top of the precast tubular pile applies downward pressure required for pile sinking by a hammering method or a static pressure method.
Preferably, the pile shoe is installed at the bottom of the precast tubular pile in a welding or bolt connection mode.
Preferably, the diameter of the shoe is 5 to 10cm larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve in the folded state.
Preferably, in the outer expandable sleeve, the fixed plate is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the folding plates are in the shape of a right-angled triangle, the two folding plates are spliced into an inverted isosceles triangle, and the waist length of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to that of the isosceles triangle; the fixed plates and the folding plates are spliced through waist edges, and the bottoms of all the fixed plates are attached and fixed on the outer circumference of the annular bottom plate through hinge pieces; the folding assemblies in the outer expandable sleeve are initially in a folding state, and are laid down and expanded outwards when being subjected to thrust along the radial direction of the precast tubular pile and are converted into an unfolding state, so that the diameter of the top of the outer expandable sleeve is expanded.
Preferably, the hinge member is a hinge connection.
Preferably, the swelling material is a water absorbent resin.
Preferably, the precast tubular pile is a concrete pile or a steel pile.
Preferably, the inner sleeve is internally provided with a plurality of slurry overflow ports, and the slurry overflow ports are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the cylinder body; the liquid injection pipeline is provided with a plurality of liquid injection pipelines, inlets at the top of the liquid injection pipelines extend out of the pile top, and outlets at the bottom of the liquid injection pipelines are annularly and uniformly distributed in the annular groove.
Preferably, the outer expandable sleeve is adapted to change its expanded diameter by adjusting the amount of pre-filled expandable material in the cavity or by adjusting the amount of water injected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pile body of the prefabricated pipe pile is provided with the pile side self-expansion expander, an annular groove which is opened upwards is formed in the pile side self-expansion expander in a surrounding mode through the outer expandable sleeve, the inner sleeve and the annular bottom plate, the annular groove is filled with expansion materials which can expand after absorbing water, the expansion materials can expand after absorbing water by injecting water into the annular groove, and the outer expandable sleeve is pushed to open the expanded diameter outwards. And further, concrete or cement paste and other grouting slurry is continuously injected into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline to fill the annular groove and an annular gap between the inner sleeve and the precast tubular pile and solidify the annular gap to form the pile body expanding structure. The pile body expanding structure can improve the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the precast tubular pile. The invention adopts the pile squeezing and expanding principle to form the pile body expanding structure with variable diameter on the precast tubular pile, has less construction steps and short time consumption compared with the conventional bottom expanding cast-in-place pile, and can be suitable for precast piles made of various materials such as concrete piles, steel piles and the like.
The technical scheme in the subsequent embodiment of the invention has one or more of the following advantages:
1. the construction method of the invention adopts the pile-expanding principle to form an expanded structure on the precast tubular pile, and compared with the conventional expanded-base cast-in-place pile, the construction method has the advantages of less construction steps, short time consumption and high economic benefit.
2. The construction method can fully utilize the end resistance of each better soil layer in the effective range of the pile body, and one or a plurality of enlarged structures in the form of bearing discs are added at any position of the precast tubular pile according to the distribution of the soil layers around the pile and the actual requirement, so that the friction pile is changed into a friction end bearing type pile with enlarged multiple support points, and the compression bearing capacity and the pulling bearing capacity of the prestressed tubular pile can be greatly improved.
3. The construction method can reinforce the soil around the pile in an encrypted manner, and can effectively reduce the settlement deformation of the building.
4. The construction method can be applied to precast piles made of various materials such as concrete piles, steel piles and the like, and has a wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a precast tubular pile construction method with a pile side self-expansion expander;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the final assembly state of the pile side self-expansion expander, the pile shoe and the liquid injection pipeline on the precast tubular pile;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pile-side self-expanding expander;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pile-side self-expanding expander;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the pile-side self-expanding expander in a folded state;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the position A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the pile-side self-expanding stent in a deployed state; a (c)
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pile side expanding structure of the finally formed precast tubular pile.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the prefabricated tubular pile comprises a prefabricated tubular pile 1, a pile side self-expansion expander 2, a pile shoe 3, a liquid injection pipeline 4, an inner sleeve 201, an expandable outer sleeve 202, a hoop 203, a grout overflow port 204, an expansion material 205, an annular bottom plate 206, a fixing plate 221, a folding plate 222 and a hinge piece 223.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will recognize without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The technical characteristics in the embodiments of the invention can be correspondingly combined on the premise of no mutual conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element, i.e., intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
The invention improves the pedestal pile in consideration of wide application, good effect of the pedestal pile, long construction period and difficult guarantee of construction quality. The core of the invention lies in that the basic principle of the squeeze-expansion pile is optimally designed by combining with the construction method of the precast tubular pile, a local expanded head is formed on the body of the precast tubular pile by utilizing the pile side self-expansion expander, and concrete or cement is poured to finally form an expanded structure on the body of the pile.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the steps of the method for constructing a precast tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander are shown as S1 to S4, and the following steps will be described in detail.
S1, coaxially sleeving a prefabricated pile side self-expansion expander 2 on a pile body of a prefabricated pipe pile 1, connecting a liquid injection pipeline 4, and installing a pile shoe 3 on a bottom pile end of the prefabricated pipe pile 1.
The precast tubular pile 1 in the invention can be a concrete pile or a steel pile and other forms, and is specifically selected according to the actual engineering requirements without limitation. The pile shoe 3 is arranged at the bottom pile end of the precast tubular pile 1, can be fixed at the bottommost end of the precast tubular pile 1 in a welding or bolt connection mode, plays a role in guiding and plugging in the sinking construction process of the tubular pile so as to prevent the pile head from being damaged and the pile body from being inclined, and can better enter a bearing stratum. The specific structural form of the pile shoe 3 is not limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. The final assembly state of the pile side self-expansion expander 2, the pile shoe 3 and the liquid injection pipeline 4 on the precast tubular pile 1 is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pile side self-expansion expander 2 is a core structure which plays a role of a pile tip bearing capacity in the present invention, and the pile side self-expansion expander 2 is coaxially sleeved on the pile body of the precast tubular pile 1, and functions to control the expansion of the diameter after the precast tubular pile 1 is driven into the ground, thereby forming a structure similar to an expanded head. The pile-side self-expanding expander 2 comprises an inner sleeve 201 and an outer expandable sleeve 202 nested coaxially inside and outside, and an annular bottom plate 206 connecting the two. The bottom of the inner sleeve 201 is provided with an extension section protruding out of the bottom of the expandable outer sleeve 202, and the inner diameter of the inner sleeve 201 is larger than the outer diameter of the precast tubular pile 1, so that a certain annular gap can be formed when the inner sleeve 201 is sleeved on the precast tubular pile 1. The function of this part annular clearance is as subsequent slip casting space, utilizes slip casting thick liquid to improve the bonding strength of inner skleeve 201 and precast tubular pile 1, avoids both to take place to become flexible. However, a certain annular gap exists when the inner sleeve 201 is sleeved on the precast tubular pile 1, but the grouting in the annular gap adopts a post-grouting process, and the inner sleeve 201 and the precast tubular pile 1 need to be temporarily fixed in the pile sinking process of the precast tubular pile 1. Therefore, in the inner sleeve 201, a clamp 203 for clamping the inner sleeve 201 around the body of the precast tubular pile 1 is provided at the bottom of the elongation. Before the pile side self-expansion expander 2 is sleeved into the precast tubular pile 1, the clamp 203 is loosened in advance, then the pile side self-expansion expander 2 is sleeved into the precast tubular pile 1, and then the clamp 203 is tightened, so that the bottom of the inner sleeve 201 is tightly surrounded on the outer wall of the pile body of the precast tubular pile 1, but an annular gap still exists between the middle upper position of the inner sleeve 201 and the pile body of the precast tubular pile 1, grouting can be performed into the annular gap subsequently, slurry can be accumulated in the annular gap due to the fact that the bottom of the inner sleeve 201 and the precast tubular pile 1 are tightened by the clamp 203, and the effect of improving the overall bonding strength is achieved after curing.
In addition, in the outer expandable sleeve 202, the diameter of the inner sleeve 201 is constant, but the diameter of the outer expandable sleeve 202 can be adjusted. Therefore, a variable adjusting structure is formed between the two, and the variable adjusting structure is changed by the water absorption expansion effect of the expansion material. Accordingly, a space is required to accommodate the expanding material in expandable outer sleeve 202. Referring to figure 4, the bottom of outer expandable sleeve 202 is spaced from inner sleeve 201 and sealed by annular bottom plate 206, and outer expandable sleeve 202, inner sleeve 201 and annular bottom plate 206 together enclose an annular groove that opens upwardly. The annular grooves are filled with a water-swellable swelling material 205.
The outer expandable sleeve 202 is a key component for forming an expanded part on the pile body, and is folded close to the outer wall surface of the inner sleeve 201 in an initial state, and can be expanded by utilizing the principle that high-expansion materials expand when meeting water when needing to be expanded, so that the expanded diameter is realized, and finally, an expanded head structure in the form of an inverted truncated cone is formed. The expandable outer sleeve 202 must therefore function to provide diameter expansion, and since the enlarged head structure is load bearing, it cannot be made of a flexible material, but must be made of a rigid material. Also, to achieve flexible control of the enlarged head diameter, the outer expandable sleeve 202 also needs to have the ability to adjust the angle and diameter. The specific implementation and principles of expandable outer sleeve 202 are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the outer expandable sleeve 202 is formed by alternately splicing a plurality of fixing plates 221 and folding assemblies, and the bottom of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is rotatably connected with the annular bottom plate 206 and is turned outwards when receiving a radial expanding force, so that the outer expandable sleeve is expanded. A folding assembly is arranged between any two fixing plates 221, each folding assembly comprises two folding plates 262 and three hinge parts 223, the inner side edges of the two folding plates 222 are rotatably connected through the hinge parts 223, and the outer side edges of the two folding plates 222 are respectively rotatably connected with the fixing plate 221 on the side through the hinge parts 223. Each folding assembly on expandable outer sleeve 202 has both a folded and an unfolded configuration. As shown in fig. 5, the folding assembly is schematically shown in a folded configuration, in which two folding plates 222 are folded into an annular groove which is formed by the expandable outer sleeve 202, the inner sleeve 201 and the annular bottom plate 206 and is opened upwards, and in an unfolded configuration, two folding plates 222 are spread out flatly and are positioned on the side of the same inverted circular truncated cone as the fixing plate 221.
The pile-side self-expanding expander 2 is made of rigid metal materials, specifically steel, iron, aluminum, and the like, except for the filled expanding material 205, and the remaining components, i.e., the inner sleeve 201, the outer expandable sleeve 202, and the annular bottom plate 206, and preferably made of steel.
The annular grooves are filled with an expansion material 205 capable of expanding by absorbing water, and the specific form of the expansion material 205 is not limited as long as it can expand after absorbing water, and a water Absorbent resin (SAP) is preferably used in the present embodiment. The water-absorbing resin is a novel functional polymer material. It has a high water-absorbing function of absorbing water several hundred to several thousand times heavier than itself, and is excellent in water retention property, and once it swells to form hydrogel upon water absorption, it is difficult to separate water even under pressure. The configuration of the folding assembly can thus be controlled by injecting water into the annular groove. As shown in fig. 6, the folding assembly is shown in an expanded configuration in which the two folding plates 222 are expanded outwardly to form a substantially smooth continuous surface with the two side retaining plates 221, and in which the diameter of the top opening of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is expanded. The maximum diameter after unfolding can be adjusted by optimizing the specific shape and size of the fixing plate 221 and the folding plate 222.
It should be noted that, in fig. 5 and fig. 6, in order to show the spatial orientation relationship of the fixing plate 221, the folding plate 222 and the hinge 223, lines are thickened on the edge of the plate body, and dots are used to indicate the position of the hinge 223, while in fig. 7, neither the lines are thickened nor the position of the hinge 223 is shown. Thus, these several figures are not necessarily the complete standard six-view diagram, but merely schematic diagrams for better distinguishing the various components, and the actual six-view spatial orientation relationship may be determined according to the principles in the schematic diagrams.
In order to ensure that the pile side self-expansion expander 2 does not receive excessive frictional resistance of surrounding soil during pile sinking of the precast tubular pile 1, the sizes of the pile side self-expansion expander 2 and the pile shoe 3 need to be reasonably controlled. The specific requirements are divided into two aspects: on one hand, when all the folding assemblies are in the folding state, the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is larger than that of the top surface but smaller than that of the pile shoe 3, so that the whole pile side self-expansion expander 2 is in a circular table form with a small upper part and a big lower part, sinks along a hole channel which is already opened by the pile shoe 3 in the pile sinking process, and cannot extrude with the surrounding soil; on the other hand, when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolding state, the diameter of the top surface of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is larger than that of the bottom surface, so that the outer expandable sleeve 202 is pushed to expand the diameter after pile sinking, an expanded structure is formed on the pile body, and the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the pile body are improved.
In order to ensure that the pile-side self-expansion expander 2 can smoothly enter the soil layer in the pile sinking process, the diameter of the pile shoe 3 is preferably 5-10 cm larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve 202 in the folded state, so that the outer expandable sleeve 202 is prevented from being extruded by the soil body.
The water of the expansion material 205 in the annular groove is added later through the liquid injection pipeline 4, the liquid injection pipeline 4 needs to be installed along the outer wall of the precast tubular pile 1, and the outlet at the bottom of the liquid injection pipeline extends into the annular groove. In order to ensure the uniformity of water injection, the expansion materials 205 in different circumferential directions can be synchronously expanded, a plurality of liquid injection pipelines 4 can be arranged, the top inlet of each pipeline extends out of the pile top, and the bottom outlet is circumferentially and uniformly distributed in the annular groove.
In addition, the injection pipe 4 is required to perform a grouting function, i.e., injecting concrete or cement grout into the annular groove, in addition to injecting water into the annular groove. While expandable material 205 is capable of providing the outward expansion thrust of outer expandable sleeve 202, it is not strong enough to carry the loads transmitted by the shaft, and therefore it is desirable to provide radial support to expanded outer expandable sleeve 202 to prevent it from collapsing. At this time, the grouting slurry in the form of concrete or cement paste or the like is continuously injected through the injection pipe 4, and the annular groove is gradually filled with the grouting slurry. In order to fill the annular gap between the inner sleeve 201 and the outer wall of the precast tubular pile 1 with grouting slurry, a slurry overflow port 204 penetrating through the wall of the inner sleeve 201 may be formed in the inner sleeve 201, and the height of the slurry overflow port 204 is lower than the height of the top surface of the outer sleeve 202 capable of expanding diameter when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolded state. Therefore, during the filling process of grouting slurry in the annular groove, when the slurry level reaches the position of the slurry overflow port 204, the slurry further enters the annular gap between the inner sleeve 201 and the outer wall of the precast tubular pile 1 through the slurry overflow port 204. After the grouting slurry is cured, radial support for the expandable outer sleeve 202 and fixed connection between the precast tubular pile 1 and the pile side self-expansion expander 2 are formed. The diameter of the outer expandable sleeve 202 can be kept constant when the outer expandable sleeve is loaded, so that the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the precast tubular pile 1 are improved.
The concrete structural forms of the precast tubular pile 1, the pile side self-expansion expander 2, the pile shoe 3 and the liquid injection pipe 4 are introduced above, and the final form before pile driving is shown in fig. 2, and the concrete pile foundation construction process is described in detail below.
S2, keeping the prefabricated pipe pile 1 in a vertical state, supporting a pile shoe 3 on a pile foundation site of a foundation, keeping each folding component on an outer expandable sleeve 202 in the self-expansion expander 2 at the pile side in a folding state, and enabling the top of the outer expandable sleeve 202 to be close to the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve 201; and then applying downward pressure to the pile top of the precast tubular pile 1, so that the precast tubular pile 1, the pile side self-expansion expander 2, the pile shoe 3 and the liquid injection pipeline 4 are integrally driven into the designed depth.
It should be noted that, because the pile sinking site of the precast tubular pile is fixed, after the setting-out positioning can be performed on the surface of the foundation according to the design document, the precast tubular pile 1 with the pile side self-expansion expander 2, the pile shoe 3 and the liquid injection pipeline 4 installed therein is lifted integrally by a truck crane or a crane, and then the pile shoe 3 is placed on the pile sinking site on the surface of the foundation. The pile sinking process of the precast tubular pile 1 can adopt a hammering method or a static pressure method to apply downward pressure required by pile sinking. The final pile sinking depth of the precast tubular pile 1 is determined according to the design condition and generally needs to be driven into a bearing stratum in the foundation. The pile sinking process of the precast tubular pile 1 belongs to the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
And S3, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline 4 with a water injection device, injecting water into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline 4, pushing the outer expandable sleeve 202 to be laid down and expanded outwards along the radial direction after the expansion material 205 absorbs water and expands, and converting into an expanded state, so that the diameter of the top of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is expanded.
The step is carried out after the prefabricated tubular pile 1 carrying the pile side self-expansion expander 2 and the pile shoe 3 is integrally driven into a foundation soil layer to reach a specified depth. After water is injected into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline 4, the expansion material 205 can absorb water and expand, and the expanded outer sleeve 202 is pushed to be opened outwards after the volume of the expansion material is increased. In the process, the two folding plates 222 are unfolded to be on the same circular table surface as the fixed plate 221, and simultaneously, the folding plates 222 and the fixed plate 221 are turned over around the hinged position at the bottom of the fixed plate 221, so that the whole outer expandable sleeve 202 is converted into an unfolded state, and the diameter of the top of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is expanded. However, the diameter of outer expandable sleeve 202 is enlarged but not sufficient to support the load transmitted by the shaft, and it is necessary to grout outer expandable sleeve 202 after deployment to provide radial support to prevent it from collapsing.
And S4, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline 4 with grouting equipment, injecting curable grouting slurry into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline 4, enabling the grouting slurry to gradually fill the annular groove, and entering and filling an annular gap between the inner sleeve 201 and the precast tubular pile 1 when the slurry liquid level reaches the height of the slurry overflow port 204. And after the grouting slurry is cured, an expanding structure for improving the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the pile body is formed on the pile body of the precast tubular pile 1.
In the step, the solidifiable grouting slurry injected into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline 4 can adopt the forms of concrete or cement paste and the like, and the grouting can be stopped after the annular groove and the annular gap are filled with the grouting slurry finally, and the grouting can be maintained for a period of time again, so that part of the slurry can be injected between the pile side self-expansion expander 2 and the surrounding soil body, and the integrity with the soil body is improved. After the grouting slurry is solidified, a pile body enlarging structure shown in fig. 8 can be formed, and the pile body enlarging structure can improve the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the precast tubular pile 1.
In addition, in order to meet the requirements of different projects, the expansion angle of the expandable outer sleeve 202 can be flexibly adjusted in the specific construction process. The adjustment can be made by adjusting the amount of the expansion material 205 pre-filled in the slot cavity or by adjusting the amount of water injected, thereby changing the diameter of the slot cavity after deployment.
In addition, in the water injection process of the S3 and the grouting process of the S4, the injection speed needs to be reasonably optimized, and the problem of uneven liquid injection caused by the fact that the injection speed is too high is avoided.
The inner sleeve 201 may have a plurality of slurry outlets 204, and each slurry outlet 204 is circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the cylinder to improve the uniformity of the slurry injection annular gap. Furthermore, if necessary, the height of the top of the inner sleeve 201 can be set to be lower than that of the top of the outer sleeve 202 which can be expanded when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolded state, so that grouting slurry can enter through the slurry overflow port 204 and can directly overflow from the top of the inner sleeve 201 to enter the annular gap, and the grouting efficiency is improved.
In the outer expandable sleeve 202, the specific shapes of the fixing plate 221 and the folding plate 222 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, so as to be subject to the condition that the whole plate body can form the side surface of an inverted circular truncated cone after being finally laid and unfolded. If a complete inverted circular truncated cone side is to be formed, the fixing plate 221 should be a fan-shaped ring, and the two folding plates 222 should be spliced into a fan shape, and the side of the fan-shaped ring is longer than the fan shape and has the same radius, so that the two fixing plates 221 can just be continuously spliced by filling the two folding plates 222. However, in practical applications, because the arc-shaped plate body is difficult to machine and because the subsequent concrete or cement grouting slurry has a certain viscosity coefficient, the expandable outer sleeve 202 does not necessarily need to be a complete inverted circular truncated cone side surface, and the grouting slurry can be accumulated when a gap exists. In order to facilitate the processing of each plate body, in this embodiment, the fixing plate 221 adopted by the outer expandable sleeve 202 is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the single folding plate 222 is in a right-angled triangle shape, the two folding plates 222 are spliced into an inverted isosceles triangle shape by way of right-angled edge butt joint, and the waist length of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to the waist length of the isosceles triangle. The fixing plates 221 and the folding plates 222 are spliced through the edge of the waist, the bottom of all the fixing plates 221 are also fixed on the outer circumference of the annular bottom plate 206 by hinges 223, and the folding plates 262 can be not hinged on the outer circumference of the pile shoe main body 201. The folding assemblies in the outer expandable sleeve 202 are initially in the folded state, and are turned outwards and expanded when being subjected to a thrust force along the radial direction of the precast tubular pile 1 and converted into an unfolded state, so that the diameter of the top of the outer expandable sleeve 202 is expanded.
In this embodiment, hinge joints 223 may be used for the three hinge members 223 of the folding assembly and the hinge members 223 required for the fixing plate 221 to hinge with the annular base plate 206. The gaps at the hinged positions are kept as small as possible, and the existence of certain gaps is also allowable as long as the through loss of grouting slurry is avoided.
Moreover, in practical applications, the expanding angle of the entire expandable outer sleeve 202 can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the swelling material 205 in the annular groove and adjusting the amount of water injected into the annular groove, thereby flexibly adjusting the expanded diameter of the expanded structure.
Finally, it should be noted that, in the above embodiment, only one pile side self-expansion expander 2 is arranged on the precast tubular pile 1, but in an engineering requiring higher pile foundation bearing capacity, a plurality of pile side self-expansion expanders 2 may be arranged at different heights on the precast tubular pile 1.
In conclusion, the basic principle of the extruded and expanded pile is optimally designed by combining the construction method of the precast tubular pile, a local expansion structure is formed on the body of the precast tubular pile by utilizing the pile side self-expansion expander, and concrete or cement is poured to finally form the multi-fulcrum friction end-bearing type pile. The method combines the advantages of the extruded and expanded pile and the prefabricated pipe pile. Compared with the conventional expanded-base cast-in-place pile, the construction steps are few, the consumed time is short, the end resistance of each better soil layer in the effective range of the pile body is fully utilized, the friction pile is changed into a multi-fulcrum friction end-bearing pile, and the compression bearing capacity and the pulling bearing capacity of the prestressed pipe pile can be greatly improved.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a precast tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, coaxially sleeving a prefabricated pile side self-expansion expander (2) on a pile body of a prefabricated pipe pile (1) and connecting a liquid injection pipeline (4), and installing a pile shoe (3) on the bottom pile end of the prefabricated pipe pile (1);
the pile side self-expansion expander (2) comprises an inner sleeve (201) and an outer sleeve (202) which are coaxially nested inside and outside, the bottom of the inner sleeve (201) is provided with an extension section which protrudes out of the bottom of the outer sleeve (202) and can be expanded, the inner diameter of the inner sleeve (201) is larger than the outer diameter of the precast tubular pile (1), and the bottom of the extension section is provided with a clamp (203) which is used for clamping the inner sleeve (201) on the pile body of the precast tubular pile (1) in a surrounding manner; the bottom of the outer expandable sleeve (202) is spaced from the inner sleeve (201) and sealed by an annular bottom plate (206), and the outer expandable sleeve (202), the inner sleeve (201) and the annular bottom plate (206) jointly enclose an annular groove which is open upwards;
the outer sleeve (202) capable of expanding diameter is formed by alternately splicing a plurality of fixing plates (221) and folding assemblies and is in rotary connection with the annular bottom plate (206); a folding assembly is arranged between any two fixing plates (221), each folding assembly comprises two folding plates (262) and three hinge parts (223), the inner sides of the two folding plates (222) are rotatably connected through one hinge part (223), and the outer sides of the two folding plates (222) are respectively rotatably connected with the fixing plate (221) at the side through one hinge part (223); each folding assembly on the expandable outer sleeve (202) has a folding state and an unfolding state, two folding plates (222) are folded in the annular groove in the folding state, and the two folding plates (222) are unfolded in a flat mode and are positioned on the side face of the same inverted circular truncated cone with the fixing plate (221) in the unfolding state;
the annular grooves are filled with expansion materials (205) capable of absorbing water and expanding, the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve (202) is larger than the diameter of the top surface but smaller than the diameter of the pile shoe (3) when all the folding assemblies are in the folded state, and the diameter of the top surface of the outer expandable sleeve (202) is larger than the diameter of the bottom surface when all the folding assemblies are in the unfolded state; the inner sleeve (201) is provided with a slurry overflow port (204) penetrating through the sleeve wall, and the height of the slurry overflow port (204) is lower than that of the top surface of the expandable outer sleeve (202) when all folding assemblies are in the unfolded state;
the liquid injection pipeline (4) is arranged along the outer part of the precast tubular pile (1), and an outlet at the bottom of the liquid injection pipeline extends into the annular groove;
s2, keeping the precast tubular pile (1) in a vertical state, supporting a pile shoe (3) on a pile foundation site of a foundation, keeping each folding assembly on an outer expandable sleeve (202) in the self-expansion expander (2) at the pile side in a folding state, and enabling the top of the outer expandable sleeve (202) to be close to the outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve (201); then applying downward pressure to the pile top of the precast tubular pile (1) to drive the precast tubular pile (1), the pile side self-expansion expander (2), the pile shoe (3) and the liquid injection pipeline (4) into the designed depth integrally;
s3, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline (4) with a water injection device, injecting water into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline (4), pushing the outer sleeve (202) capable of expanding in a radial direction to be laid down and expanded outwards after the expansion material (205) absorbs water and expands, and converting the expanded outer sleeve (202) into an expanded state, so that the diameter of the top of the outer sleeve (202) capable of expanding in a radial direction is expanded;
s4, connecting an inlet of the liquid injection pipeline (4) with grouting equipment, injecting curable grouting slurry into the annular groove through the liquid injection pipeline (4), enabling the grouting slurry to gradually fill the annular groove, and entering and filling an annular gap between the inner sleeve (201) and the precast tubular pile (1) when the slurry liquid level reaches the height of the slurry overflow port (204); after the grouting slurry is solidified, an expanding structure for improving the bearing capacity and the pulling resistance of the pile body is formed on the pile body of the precast tubular pile (1).
2. The precast tubular pile construction method having a pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein the top of the precast tubular pile (1) applies downward pressure required for pile sinking by a hammering method or a static pressure method.
3. The precast tubular pile construction method having a pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of pile side self-expansion expanders (2) are provided at different heights on the precast tubular pile (1).
4. The method of precast tubular pile construction with pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pile shoe (3) is 5-10 cm larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the outer expandable sleeve (202) in the folded configuration.
5. The precast tubular pile construction method with pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, characterized in that in the outer expandable sleeve (202), the fixing plate (221) is isosceles trapezoid, the folding plates (222) are right triangle, two folding plates (222) are spliced to form an inverted isosceles triangle, and the length of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to that of the isosceles triangle; the fixing plates (221) are spliced with the folding plates (222) through waist edges, and the bottoms of all the fixing plates (221) are attached and fixed on the outer circumference of the annular base plate (206) through hinge pieces (223); the folding assemblies in the outer expandable sleeve (202) are initially in a folding state, and are laid down and expanded outwards when subjected to thrust along the radial direction of the precast tubular pile (1) and converted into an unfolding state, so that the diameter of the top of the outer expandable sleeve (202) is expanded.
6. The precast tubular pile construction method having a pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein the hinge member (223) is a hinge connector.
7. The method of constructing a precast tubular pile having a pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein the expansion material (205) is a water-absorbent resin.
8. The precast tubular pile construction method with pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, characterized in that the precast tubular pile (1) is a concrete pile or a steel pile.
9. The method for constructing a precast tubular pile with a pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, wherein the inner sleeve (201) has a plurality of grout outlets (204) therein, and the grout outlets (204) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the cylinder body; the liquid injection pipelines (4) are multiple, the top inlets of the liquid injection pipelines all extend out of the pile top, and the bottom outlets of the liquid injection pipelines are annularly and uniformly distributed in the annular grooves.
10. The precast tubular pile construction method with pile side self-expansion expander according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer expandable sleeve (202) changes its diameter size after deployment by adjusting the amount of expansion material (205) pre-filled in the slot cavity or by adjusting the amount of water injection.
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