CN115387296A

CN115387296A - Dam migration channel

Info

Publication number: CN115387296A
Application number: CN202111610752.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李飞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-16
Filing date: 2021-12-27
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-27

Abstract

A migration channel for dam is composed of a dam-passing pipe with automatic air valve for automatically regulating air flow, an ascending pipe with air tube, a connecting pipe, and a dam bottom water inlet pipe. The air quantity entering the pipeline is adjusted through the automatic air valve and the air pipe according to the water flow speed and the size, so that the proper water flow and speed in the pipeline are kept. Be equipped with the small fish passageway in the tedge, the baffle through the interval setting slows down rivers, makes things convenient for the poor small fish of physical strength to carry out the migration. Aiming at the extra large dam with high water level difference, a relay groove can be arranged in the dam, water is supplied and stored through a water pump, and an automatic migration channel is completed. The migration channel can automatically adjust the water flow, slow down the water flow speed, form a closed migration channel, has a very good migration effect, keeps a dam and protects ecological resources of migration, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Description

Dam migration channel

Technical Field

The invention relates to a migration device for protecting ecology, in particular to a dam migration channel.

Background

Migration is a characteristic life habit of some fishes, including reproductive migration, bait migration, overwintering migration and the like, and when migration is blocked, the lives of the fishes are seriously threatened and even endanger the continuation of the species.

Along with the improvement of living standard of people, more and more dams are built on rivers, and the dams are mainly used for irrigation, power generation, water supply, shipping and the like and have important significance. However, the dam blocks the migration channel, which may lead to the extinction of the migratory fish race and the damage to ecology is increasingly aggravated. By 2017, the large dam registered by the national dam committee has about 58500 seats, and the dam established in China is the first in the world. Therefore, establishing a fish migration channel for a dam is an urgent problem to be solved for protecting ecology. Nowadays, in many places, the dam explosion is listed as an alternative item for protecting the ecological environment, and the economic loss caused by the dam explosion is also huge.

The existing migration device or facility adopts a stepped transition groove type, a circuitous transition groove type and the like, and only a few fishes can pass through the device because of the problems of overlarge gradient, discontinuous channel, too fast water flow and the like, and the device needs manual operation equipment to assist the migration of the fishes. The substantial problem of the migration channel of the dam cannot be really solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and difficulties of the existing migration channel and provide a pipeline type closed dam migration channel.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:

a dam migration channel comprises a dam-passing pipe, ascending pipes, connecting pipes and a dam bottom water inlet pipe, wherein the dam-passing pipe is arranged across a dam, the dam bottom water inlet pipe is arranged close to the downstream of the dam, the ascending pipes are connected through the connecting pipes, and the dam-passing pipe, the ascending pipes, the connecting pipes and the dam bottom water inlet pipe are connected to form a migration channel across the dam; the automatic air valve is arranged on the dam-passing pipe, the ventilation quantity can be changed according to the size and the speed of the water flow of the pipeline, the ventilation quantity is increased when the size and the speed of the water flow of the pipeline are larger, and the ventilation quantity is reduced or the air valve is closed when the size and the speed of the water flow of the pipeline are smaller; the ascending pipe is provided with a vent pipe, the height difference between the vent pipe and the dam-passing pipe is 30-35 m, the vent pipe is arranged at the top of the ascending pipe, and the outlet of the vent pipe is in a bent shape.

Further, automatic pneumatic valve contains valve rod, spring, hose and push pedal, valve rod one end is stretched out, and the push pedal is connected to the other end, one side of valve rod is equipped with the spring, and the opposite side is equipped with the hose, and the valve rod is in make the hose be the off-state under the spring action of spring, when rivers size and speed are great in the pipeline, the push pedal atress overcomes the elasticity of spring through the valve rod, makes the hose air flue open, and the push pedal receives the rivers impact force great, and the hose air flue is opened greatly.

Furthermore, the inclination angle of the ascending pipe and the horizontal line is 10-15 degrees; the number of the vent pipes is multiple, and the height interval is 5-10 meters.

Furthermore, a small fish channel is arranged on the bottom surface of the ascending pipe and consists of a plurality of thin pipelines and baffles, a hole is formed in the center of each baffle, one end of each thin pipeline is connected with the hole in the center of each baffle, and the other end of each thin pipeline is arranged 20-50 cm behind the other baffle.

Furthermore, a water injection pipe is further arranged on the dam-passing pipe, the dam-passing pipe is connected with a dam-entering pipe in the dam through a flexible connection pipe, the outlet of the dam-entering pipe is 50-100 meters away from the dam, a valve is arranged at the outlet of the dam-entering pipe, a floatable sun shield is connected to the outlet of the dam-entering pipe, and the outlet of the dam-entering pipe is in a 90-180-degree bent shape; and the tail end of the dam-passing pipe at one side outside the dam is provided with a sluice.

Further, the migration channel further comprises a relay tank arranged in the dam, the relay tank is connected with a dam-passing pipe, and the relay tank stores water and supplies water through a water pump; the relay tank is provided with a pipeline at a high water level below the water outlet of the water pump and is connected to the deep part in the dam.

Furthermore, the ascending pipe and the inner side of the connecting pipe are fixedly arranged close to the wall, and the outer side of the connecting pipe is in an outward convex arc shape.

Furthermore, an overflow pipe is arranged at the position of the dam bottom water inlet pipe 30-100 cm away from the water surface.

The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme does: the dam migration channel is provided with a dam passing pipe, an ascending pipe, a connecting pipe and a dam entering pipe to form a zigzag dam crossing migration channel. The dam-passing pipe is provided with an automatic air valve which can be adjusted according to the water flow speed and the size, so that the proper pressure is kept in the pipe, and the water flow and the speed are adjusted. The riser is provided with a vent pipe, so that the pipeline can enter proper air, the water flow speed in the pipeline is slowed down, and the oxygen content in the pipeline is increased. Be equipped with the small fish passageway in the tedge, the baffle through the interval setting slows down rivers, makes things convenient for the poor small fish of physical strength to carry out the migration. The dam inlet pipe is connected through a hose and can adapt to water level changes. For an oversize dam with high water level difference, a relay tank can be arranged in the dam, and water is supplied and stored through a water pump, so that an automatic migration channel is completed. The migration channel can automatically adjust the water flow and slow down the water flow speed, has good effect, reserves a dam and protects ecological resources of migration, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a migration passage of a dam according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the relay slot of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a rising pipe and a connecting pipe according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a rising pipe according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an automatic air valve of the present invention.

In the figure, a dam-passing pipe-1, an automatic air valve-2, a water gate-3, an air pipe-4, a small fish passage-5, an ascending pipe-6, a connecting pipe-7, an overflow pipe-8, a dam bottom water inlet pipe-9, a water injection pipe-10, a dam inlet pipe-11, a sun shield-12, a relay groove-13, a valve rod-21, a spring-22, a soft air pipe-23, a push plate-24 and a baffle-51.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated.

It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The applicant has long-term operated fishing, has deep understanding on life habits of river fishes, has serious pain on ecological damage caused by incapability of swimming the fishes, and obviously reduces the river fishes due to incapability of swimming the fishes, so that the life quality of people is influenced by long-term prohibition and reduction of edible fishes. After long-term observation and research, a plurality of times of simulation experiments are carried out, and the following technical scheme is summarized.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, a migration channel of a dam comprises a dam-passing pipe 1, ascending pipes 6, connecting pipes 7 and a dam-bottom water inlet pipe 9, wherein the dam-passing pipe 1 is arranged across the dam, the dam-bottom water inlet pipe 9 is arranged close to the downstream of the dam, a plurality of the ascending pipes 6 are connected through the connecting pipes 7, and the dam-passing pipe 1, the ascending pipes 6, the connecting pipes 7 and the dam-bottom water inlet pipe 9 are connected to form a migration channel across the dam; the dam-passing pipe 1 is provided with an automatic air valve 2, the automatic air valve 2 can change ventilation volume according to the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow, the ventilation volume is increased when the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow are larger, and the ventilation volume is reduced or the air valve is closed when the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow are smaller; the ascending pipe 6 is provided with a vent pipe 4, the height difference between the vent pipe 4 and the dam passing pipe 1 is 30-35 m, the vent pipe 4 is arranged at the top of the ascending pipe 6, and the outlet of the vent pipe 4 is in a bent shape.

The pipelines can be connected by welding or flanges, and no obvious burr can be formed on the inner wall of the joint so as to avoid damaging migratory fish. When the migration channel is established, water needs to be injected into the channel, so that the dam forms a water level difference twice, and the over-dam pipe 1 can automatically suck water from the dam to form the migration channel. In order to adapt to different water levels of the dam, the automatic air valve 2 is arranged in the middle of the dam passing pipe 1, and when the water level of the dam is high, the water flow and the speed sucked through the dam passing pipe 1 are large. At the moment, the automatic air valve 2 is opened to enable air to enter, so that the pressure in the pipeline can be released, and the water flow and the speed are reduced. When the dam water level is low, the water flow and the speed sucked through the dam passing pipe 1 are low. The automatic gas valve 2 is turned down or closed to maintain a proper pressure in the pipeline to keep the water flow constant. The purpose of automatically adjusting the water flow and speed of the migration channel is achieved.

The aeration pipe 4 can increase the air quantity in the ascending pipe 6, slow down the water flow speed and increase the oxygen content in the water. The fishes can consume large physical power in the migration process, bear large burden, and a darker migration channel is more suitable for the living environment of the fishes and can obviously increase the migration success rate. The outlet of the vent pipe 4 is in a curved shape to prevent light from directly entering the pipeline.

The inclination angle of the ascending pipe 6 and the horizontal line is 10-15 degrees; the number of the vent pipes 4 is multiple, and the height interval is 5-10 meters. The water flow speed can be ensured to be flat, and more fishes can successfully migrate upstream.

The bottom surface of the ascending pipe 6 is provided with a small fish channel 5, the small fish channel 5 is composed of a plurality of thin pipelines and a baffle 51, the center of the baffle 51 is provided with a hole, one end of each thin pipeline is connected with the hole at the center of the baffle 51, and the other end of each thin pipeline is arranged at the back of another baffle 51 by 20-50 cm.

The dam-crossing pipe 1 is further provided with a water injection pipe 10, the dam-crossing pipe 1 is connected with a dam-entering pipe 11 through a flexible connection pipe 7 in the dam, the distance between the outlet of the dam-entering pipe 11 and the dam is 50-100 meters, a valve is arranged at the outlet of the dam-entering pipe 11, a floatable sun shield 12 is connected at the outlet of the dam-entering pipe 11, and the outlet of the dam-entering pipe 11 is in a 90-180-degree bent shape; and the tail end of the dam-passing pipe 1 at one side outside the dam is provided with a water gate 3. When the migration device is firstly filled with water, the water gates 3 and the check valves on the dam inlet pipe 11 need to be closed, the dam passing pipe 1 and the dam inlet pipe 11 are filled with water through the water injection pipe 10, and then the migration channel can be established by opening the water gates 3.

After migration is completed, the fishes also migrate to the place of downstream life, and the fishes do not like to be close to the dam. The dam inlet pipe extends to a position where the outlet of the dam inlet pipe is 50-100 meters away from the dam, and a sun shield is arranged at the outlet of the dam inlet pipe, so that the fish can conveniently find a passage when migrating downstream. The outlet of the dam inlet pipe is in a bent shape, so that floating objects can be prevented from flowing into the blocked channel. The dam entering pipe and the sun shield descend along with the water level, and can be supported by a fixed supporting device, and the range of the dam entering pipe and the sun shield can be limited by a pull rod movably fixed on the dam wall.

As shown in FIG. 3, the inner sides of the riser pipe 6 and the connecting pipe 7 are fixed and installed, and the outer side of the connecting pipe 7 is in an outwardly convex arc shape. The width of the connecting pipe 7 is large, the buffer area for changing the direction of water flow is formed, the water flow speed is low, fishes can temporarily rest at the connecting pipe 7, and the situation that the upstream distance is too long and the body force is not sufficient is prevented. The ascending pipe 6 can be installed and fixed through an installation and fixing mechanism. Such as a hoop arrangement, a flange ring arrangement, etc. The inner diameter of the migration pipeline is more than or equal to 1.5-2 times of the maximum individual migratory fish. The width of the connecting pipe 7 is equal to 1.2-1.5 times of the length of the maximum individual migratory fish. The body width and the body length of the individual maximum migratory fish can be estimated according to the size of rivers and the size of fishes. The pipeline arrangement can enable the maximum individual migratory fish to pass through smoothly, ensure the success rate of upstream migration of the fish, and avoid the phenomenon of pipeline blockage.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 5, based on embodiment 1, the automatic air valve 2 includes a valve rod 21, a spring 22, a flexible air tube 23 and a push plate 24, one end of the valve rod 21 extends out, the other end of the valve rod is connected to the push plate 24, one side of the valve rod 21 is provided with the spring 22, the other side of the valve rod 21 is provided with the flexible air tube 23, the valve rod 21 enables the flexible air tube 23 to be in a closed state under the elastic force of the spring 22, when the water flow in the pipeline is large in size and speed, the push plate 24 is stressed, the valve rod 21 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 22, so that the air channel of the flexible air tube 23 is opened, and the larger the impact force of the water flow on the push plate 24 is, the larger the air channel of the flexible air tube 23 is opened.

The elasticity of the spring and the size of the air hose need to be determined through testing and debugging, and the spring can also be set to be respectively arranged in a group from top to bottom. The soft trachea can use a silicone tube. During testing and debugging, the force applied on the push plate 24 can be simulated through a handle at the upper end of the valve rod 21.

Referring to fig. 2, for a large dam with a water level difference often exceeding 10 m, the relay groove 13 arranged in the dam of the migration channel can overcome the situation that water cannot be sucked up due to an overlarge water level difference through the suction lift and the lift of the water pump. The relay tank 13 is connected with the dam passing pipe 1, and the relay tank 13 stores and supplies water through a water pump; the relay tank 13 is provided with a pipeline at a high water level below the water outlet of the water pump and is connected to the deep part in the dam. The water outlet of the water pump has high oxygen content, so that fishes like gathering and can easily find the pipe orifice entering the dam. The fish migration phenomenon is generally more in the period of rich water, the water level of the dam is at a high level for a long time, and the water level is not more than 10 meters away from the dam pipe 1 except for the super-large dam. No more than 20 large dams need to migrate by using the relay tank 13 in China.

An overflow pipe 8 is arranged at a position 30-100 cm away from the water surface of a water inlet pipe 9 at the bottom of the dam, water flowing out of the overflow pipe 8 falls into the water surface to generate water splash and sound, so that the gathering of fishes can be attracted, and the migration inlet for the fishes is increased.

The migration success rate and the device cost are influenced by the inclination angle of the ascending pipe 6 and the horizontal line, the effect is good when the angle is 10-15 degrees, and the migration success rate is further improved when the angle is 11-13 degrees. The optimal angle is 12 degrees, and verification proves that the migration success rate of the migration device can be remarkably improved, the upward migration success rate can reach 96%, and the downward migration success rate can reach 100%. And this kind of migration passageway bottom is provided with the small fish passageway, sets up through baffle and tubule way interval, is showing the water velocity who reduces the small fish passageway. The migration of the large fishes cannot influence the migration of the small fishes, a good solution is provided for the construction of a dam migration channel, the migration method is worthy of popularization and application, and migration ecological resources are protected.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a dam migration passageway, contains dam-passing pipe, tedge, connecting pipe and dam foundation oral siphon, dam-passing pipe crosses the dam setting, dam foundation oral siphon is near the dam low reaches setting, and is a plurality of the tedge passes through the connecting pipe and connects, dam-passing pipe, tedge, connecting pipe and dam foundation oral siphon connect and form the migration passageway of crossing the dam, characterized by:

the dam-passing pipe is provided with an automatic air valve, the automatic air valve can change ventilation volume according to the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow, the ventilation volume is increased when the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow are larger, and the ventilation volume is reduced or the air valve is closed when the size and the speed of the pipeline water flow are smaller;

the ascending pipe is provided with a vent pipe, the height difference between the vent pipe and the dam-passing pipe is 30-35 m, the vent pipe is arranged at the top of the ascending pipe, and the outlet of the vent pipe is in a bent shape.

2. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the automatic air valve comprises a valve rod, a spring, a hose and a push plate, one end of the valve rod extends out, the other end of the valve rod is connected with the push plate, the spring is arranged on one side of the valve rod, the hose is arranged on the other side of the valve rod, the valve rod enables the hose to be in a closed state under the elastic action of the spring, when water flow in a pipeline is large in size and high in speed, the spring of the spring is overcome through the valve rod, the push plate is stressed, the air passage of the hose is opened, the larger the water flow impact force is received by the push plate, and the larger the air passage of the hose is opened.

3. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of the ascending pipe and the horizontal line is 10-15 degrees; the number of the vent pipes is multiple, and the height interval is 5-10 meters.

4. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the ascending pipe is provided with a small fish channel, the small fish channel consists of a plurality of thin pipelines and baffles, the centers of the baffles are provided with holes, one ends of the thin pipelines are connected with the holes in the centers of the baffles, and the other ends of the thin pipelines are arranged behind the other baffle by 20-50 cm.

5. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the dam-crossing pipe is also provided with a water injection pipe, the dam-crossing pipe is connected with a dam-entering pipe in the dam through a flexible connecting pipe, the outlet of the dam-entering pipe is 50-100 meters away from the dam, a valve is arranged at the outlet of the dam-entering pipe, a floatable sun shield is connected at the outlet of the dam-entering pipe, and the outlet of the dam-entering pipe is in a 90-180-degree bent shape; and the tail end of the dam-passing pipe at one side outside the dam is provided with a sluice.

6. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the migration channel also comprises a relay groove arranged in the dam, the relay groove is connected with a dam-passing pipe, and the relay groove stores and supplies water through a water pump; the relay tank is provided with a pipeline at a high water level below the water outlet of the water pump and is connected to the deep part in the dam.

7. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: the ascending pipe and the inner side of the connecting pipe are fixedly arranged close to the wall, and the outer side of the connecting pipe is in an outward convex arc shape.

8. The dam migration channel of claim 1, wherein: and an overflow pipe is arranged at the position of the dam bottom water inlet pipe 30-100 cm away from the water surface.