CN115383851A - 一种装饰用环保木材及其防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法 - Google Patents
一种装饰用环保木材及其防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其包括以下步骤：S1.准备待处理的木材，S2.木材预处理将木材中的纤维素活化，然后加入聚丙烯纤维、引发剂、促进剂、稳定剂和交联剂，使得纤维素活化基团与改性聚丙烯纤维发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构；S3.准备复合处理液S4.处理木材：将预处理后的木材浸泡在复合处理液中，S5.干燥处理：将处理后的木材干燥至含水率10%‑15%；S6.表面覆膜处理：将干燥后的木材进行表面涂覆涂料，干燥后在木材表面形成防护膜。本发明的木材经上述方法处理后结构强度尤其是木材韧性和耐湿热老化性能得到大幅提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家装木材处理技术领域，尤其是一种装饰用环保木材及其防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法。
背景技术
目前装饰用木材多采用杨树、泡桐等生长迅速的树木，但由于这些速生树木的木质较差，容易开裂、腐化等，在很多场合不适宜使用。为了减少对其他生长缓慢的树木的砍伐，人们开始研究对木材进行人工改性，使其能在产业上有适应性的应用。
现有技术中，如中国专利CN201410805530.3《木材防腐、阻燃、硬化和空气净化处理的四合一方法》，其通过特制的组合液溶解除去木材内部的大部分油脂和沉积物，最终在木材内形成若干轴向通畅的细微管孔，同时还在木材的管孔内实现置换填充，最终使木材达到防腐、阻燃、硬化和空气净化处理的四合一目的，从而有利于节能环保。但上述这种木材在使用过程中出现木材硬度大但韧性变差的缺陷，容易开裂或局部翘起甚至出现断裂情况。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，经该方法处理后的木材不仅具有防腐、阻燃等性能，其韧性得到大大提升。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.准备待处理的木材，将同批次的木材截成板状或片材状，经高温蒸汽消毒后待用；
S2.木材预处理：将待用木材浸润于酸性水溶液中，抽真空至0.3-0.5Mpa，加压至1.3Mpa，升温至55-65℃，保持3-5h，将木材中的纤维素活化，然后加入聚丙烯纤维、引发剂、促进剂、稳定剂和交联剂，使得纤维素活化基团与改性聚丙烯纤维发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构；
S3.准备复合处理液：预先用水、四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、硫酸镁充分混合溶解配制成组合液，组合液中四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、 硫酸镁的质量百分比分别为12.5-15％；5％-6％；5％-6％；2.5％-3％，余者是水；
S4.处理木材：将预处理后的木材浸泡在复合处理液中，加热至120℃—132℃，保持压力为0.2- 0.3Mpa，维持16至28小时；
S5.干燥处理：将处理后的木材干燥至含水率10%-15%；
S6.表面覆膜处理：将干燥后的木材进行表面涂覆涂料，干燥后在木材表面形成防护膜。
进一步的，所述涂料的制备步骤如下：①将纳米ZnO分散在乙二醇中，经搅拌离心取其上清液，将上清液与聚乙烯醇混合超声分散均匀，得到纳米溶液，②将纳米溶液加入液体石蜡中，搅拌混合均匀，然后加入乳化剂吐温80，搅拌均匀得到混合液，③将分散剂丙二醇溶于水中形成水溶液，④将步骤②所得的混合液分散到步骤③所得的水溶液中，然后加入流平剂和固化剂，混合均匀形成涂料。
进一步的，所述S6中的涂料包括按以下配比的成分：35～55份液体石蜡、0.2～3份纳米ZnO、3-5份乳化剂、0.1-6份乙二醇、0.5-3份聚乙烯醇、0.5-1份丙二醇、0.5份流平剂、5-10份固化剂、余量水。
进一步的，所述引发剂为过硫酸铵。
进一步的，所述促进剂为N, N, N', N'-四甲基乙二胺。
进一步的，所述交联剂为N’N-二亚基二丙烯酰胺。
进一步的，所述聚丙烯纤维、引发剂、促进剂、稳定剂和交联剂的质量份数为3-6份聚丙烯纤维、0.05份引发剂、0.01促进剂、0.5-2份稳定剂和2-3份交联剂。
进一步的，所述酸性水溶液为醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液。
进一步的，所述酸性水溶液由醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液中的任一与乙醇配置而成，醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液与乙醇的质量份数比为10:1。
另一发明目的：本发明还提供了一种由上述方法制备得到的装饰用环保木材。
采用上述方案，本发明在对木材进行防腐、阻燃硬化和净化处理之前，先进行预处理，预处理时将木材浸润于酸性溶液中，活化木材中的纤维素、果胶、聚糖的官能团，使得活化的官能团与聚丙烯纤维在引发剂的作用下发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构，起到支撑木材经复合处理液溶解后所形成的树脂道，补偿木材经复合处理液处理后降低的强度及韧性，提升结构强度，而且处理过程中，进行高压升温使得木材受到外界压力而压缩其空隙使得木质更致密，进一步补偿其结构强度；此外，在木材经防腐、阻燃硬化和净化处理后，对其进行涂覆一层防护膜，使其与空气中的水汽形成阻隔层，提升其耐湿热老化性能，使其在湿度较大或较低的环境中，均能保持较为稳定的性能，避免出现在湿度大的环境，木材会因吸水过多而出现膨胀或局部涨开等变形情况、在比较干燥的环境或季节，木材的含水量低而出现开裂或局部翘起等情况，且该涂料为水性涂料，绿色环保，可以有效提升木材的抗老化耐酸碱性能。
具体实施方式
一、制备装饰用环保木材，具体步骤如下：
S1.准备待处理的木材，将同批次的木材截成板状或片材状，经高温蒸汽消毒后待用；
S2.木材预处理：将待用木材浸润于酸性水溶液如质量分数10%的醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液中，该酸性水溶液中加入有乙醇，乙醇与醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液的质量份数比为1:10，将容器抽真空至0.3-0.5Mpa，加压至1.3Mpa，升温至55-65℃，保持3-5h，将木材中的所含的纤维素、聚糖、树脂活化，然后加入3-6份聚丙烯纤维、0.05份引发剂过硫酸铵、0.01促进剂N, N, N', N'-四甲基乙二胺、0.5-2份稳定剂聚乙烯醇和2-3份交联剂N’N-二亚基二丙烯酰胺，使得活化的基团与聚丙烯纤维发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构；
S3.准备复合处理液：预先用水、四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、硫酸镁充分混合溶解配制成组合液，组合液中四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、 硫酸镁的质量百分比分别为12.5-15％；5％-6％；5％-6％；2.5％-3％，余者是水；
S4.处理木材：将预处理后的木材浸泡在复合处理液中，加热至120℃—132℃，保持压力为0.2- 0.3Mpa，维持16至28小时，去除木材内部的沉积物，形成树脂通道；
S5.干燥处理：将处理后的木材干燥至含水率10%-15%；
S6.表面覆膜处理：将干燥后的木材进行表面涂覆涂料，干燥后在木材表面形成防护膜。
涂料的制备步骤如下：①将纳米ZnO分散在乙二醇中，经搅拌离心取其上清液，将上清液与聚乙烯醇混合超声分散均匀，得到纳米溶液，②将纳米溶液加入液体石蜡中，搅拌混合均匀，然后加入乳化剂吐温80，搅拌均匀得到混合液，③将分散剂丙二醇溶于水中形成水溶液，④将步骤②所得的混合液分散到步骤③所得的水溶液中，然后加入流平剂和固化剂，混合均匀形成涂料。涂料的配比及成分如下：35～55份液体石蜡、0.2～3份纳米ZnO、3-5份乳化剂、0.1-6份乙二醇、0.5-3份聚乙烯醇、0.5-1份丙二醇、0.5份流平剂、5-10份固化剂、余量水。
具体实施例一
S1.准备待处理的木材，将同批次的木材截成板状或片材状，经高温蒸汽消毒后待用；
S2.木材预处理：将待用木材浸润于酸性水溶液中，具体的由质量分数10%的醋酸水溶液和乙醇配置而成，两者质量份数比为10:1，将容器抽真空至0.5Mpa，加压至1.3Mpa，升温至75℃，保持3-5h，将木材中的所含的纤维素、聚糖、树脂活化，然后加入3份聚丙烯纤维、0.05份引发剂过硫酸铵、0.01促进剂N, N, N', N'-四甲基乙二胺、0.5份稳定剂聚乙烯醇和2份交联剂N’N-二亚基二丙烯酰胺，使得活化的基团与聚丙烯纤维发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构；
S3.准备复合处理液：预先用水、四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、硫酸镁充分混合溶解配制成组合液，组合液中四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、 硫酸镁的质量百分比分别为12.5-15％；5％-6％；5％-6％；2.5％-3％，余者是水；
S4.处理木材：将预处理后的木材浸泡在复合处理液中，加热至120℃—132℃，保持压力为0.2- 0.3Mpa，维持16至28小时，去除木材内部的沉积物，形成树脂通道；
S5.干燥处理：将处理后的木材干燥至含水率12%；
S6.表面覆膜处理：将干燥后的木材进行表面涂覆涂料，干燥后在木材表面形成防护膜。
涂料的制备步骤如下：①将纳米ZnO分散在乙二醇中，经搅拌离心取其上清液，将上清液与聚乙烯醇混合超声分散均匀，得到纳米溶液，②将纳米溶液加入液体石蜡中，搅拌混合均匀，然后加入乳化剂吐温80，搅拌均匀得到混合液，③将分散剂丙二醇溶于水中形成水溶液，④将步骤②所得的混合液分散到步骤③所得的水溶液中，然后加入流平剂和固化剂，混合均匀形成涂料。涂料的配比及成分如下：35份液体石蜡、0.2份纳米ZnO、3份乳化剂、3份乙二醇、0.5份聚乙烯醇、1份丙二醇、0.5份流平剂、5份固化剂、余量水。
对比例一按上述实施例一的相同配比及相同的S1-S5步骤处理，不进行最后的涂料涂覆；
对比例二按上述实施例一的相同配比及相同的S1、S3-S6步骤处理，其中S2的条件为常温差压；
对比例三中国专利CN201410805530.3《木材防腐、阻燃、硬化和空气净化处理的四合一方法》，直接对木材用复合处理液处理。
二、性能测试：
1、对具体实施例一、对比例一和对比例二中的各木材进行力学试验，采用AG-IC50KN电子万能试验机，测试木材的力学性能，抗拉强度、抗压强度和冲击韧性。木材顺纹抗拉强度试验方法 GB/T 1938-2009，木材顺纹抗压强度试验方法 GB/T 1935-2009，木材冲击韧性试验方法 GB/T 1940-2009，抗老化性能测试参照天然耐久性野外试验方法 GB/T13942.2-2009，木材含水率测定方法 GB/T 1931-2009，耐湿热老化性能测试在木材通过72h的湿热老化试验后测试木材表面水滴静态接触角。
表1-实施例的性能测试结果
上述结构中，实施例1与对比例1、3相比，在耐湿热老化性能上，具有较大的提升，实施例1具有良好的疏水性能，对比例1与对比例2相比，实施例1的冲击韧性是对比例2的2.51倍，是对比例3的4.59倍，此外，实施例1的抗拉强度、抗压强度相比于对比例2、3也有较大的提升。
本发明不局限于上述具体实施方式，本领域一般技术人员根据本发明公开的内容，可以采用其他多种具体实施方式实施本发明的，或者凡是采用本发明的设计结构和思路，做简单变化或更改的，都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.准备待处理的木材，将同批次的木材截成板状或片材状，经高温蒸汽消毒后待用；
S2.木材预处理：将待用木材浸润于酸性水溶液中，抽真空至0.3-0.5Mpa，加压至1.3Mpa，升温至55-65℃，保持3-5h，将木材中的纤维素活化，然后加入聚丙烯纤维、引发剂、促进剂、稳定剂和交联剂，使得纤维素活化基团与改性聚丙烯纤维发生接枝聚合反应，形成立体交织结构；
S3.准备复合处理液：预先用水、四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、硫酸镁充分混合溶解配制成组合液，组合液中四水八硼酸二钠、三聚磷酸二氢铝、硼酸、 硫酸镁的质量百分比分别为12.5-15％；5％-6％；5％-6％；2.5％-3％，余者是水；
S4.处理木材：将预处理后的木材浸泡在复合处理液中，加热至120℃—132℃，保持压力为0.2- 0.3Mpa，维持16至28小时；
S5.干燥处理：将处理后的木材干燥至含水率10%-15%；
S6.表面覆膜处理：将干燥后的木材进行表面涂覆涂料，干燥后在木材表面形成防护膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述涂料的制备步骤如下：①将纳米ZnO分散在乙二醇中，经搅拌离心取其上清液，将上清液与聚乙烯醇混合超声分散均匀，得到纳米溶液，②将纳米溶液加入液体石蜡中，搅拌混合均匀，然后加入乳化剂吐温80，搅拌均匀得到混合液，③将分散剂丙二醇溶于水中形成水溶液，④将步骤②所得的混合液分散到步骤③所得的水溶液中，然后加入流平剂和固化剂，混合均匀形成涂料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述S6中的涂料包括按以下配比的成分：35～55份液体石蜡、0.2～3份纳米ZnO、3-5份乳化剂、0.1-6份乙二醇、0.5-3份聚乙烯醇、0.5-1份丙二醇、0.5份流平剂、5-10份固化剂、余量水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述引发剂为过硫酸铵。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述促进剂为N, N, N', N'-四甲基乙二胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂为N’N-二亚基二丙烯酰胺。
7.根据权利要求1或4或5或6所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯纤维、引发剂、促进剂、稳定剂和交联剂的质量份数为3-6份聚丙烯纤维、0.05份引发剂、0.01促进剂、0.5-2份稳定剂和2-3份交联剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述酸性水溶液为醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装饰用环保木材的防腐阻燃硬化和净化处理方法，其特征在于，所述酸性水溶液由醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液中的任一与乙醇配置而成，醋酸水溶液或柠檬酸水溶液或盐酸水溶液与乙醇的质量份数比为10:1。
10.一种装饰用环保木材，其采用如权利要求1或2所述的处理方法加工制得。
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