CN115380773A - Method for constructing aquatic vegetation communities suitable for sand cutoff riverways - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an aquatic vegetation community suitable for a sand cut-off riverway, which comprises the following steps: (1) building a sand pit area; (2) constructing a river reach at the junction of the main river channel and the sand pit; and (3) constructing a main river channel area. According to the invention, different aquatic plants are planted in different areas of the sandy cutoff river channel, and then the substrate material is added in the sand pit area, so that nutrient components are provided for the aquatic plants in the sand pit area, the sandy soil can be fixed without loosening, a growth place can be provided for the plants, meanwhile, the aquatic plants planted in other areas are well-arranged, the conditions of insufficient sunlight and the like can not be caused, and the rapid growth of the plants is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river channel ecological management, in particular to a method for constructing an aquatic vegetation community suitable for a sand cut-off river channel.
Background
The sandy river is cut off for a long time due to the reduction of water coming from the upstream and the leakage of the downstream riverbed, the aquatic vegetation of the riverway disappears, and the structure and the function of the river ecosystem are damaged. By planting the aquatic vegetation, the primary productivity of the river is recovered, the structure of a river ecological system can be effectively improved, and the quality of the ecological environment of the river is improved. The existing aquatic vegetation planting method is lack of deep analysis on the current situation characteristics of sandy riverbeds, and particularly lacks of reasonable treatment and disposal aiming at sandy pits left by long-term sand collection in sandy cutoff riverways, so that vegetation grows badly and river ecological restoration effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the aquatic vegetation community construction method suitable for the sandy cutoff riverway, which can effectively solve the problems of poor vegetation growth and poor river ecological restoration effect in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for constructing the aquatic vegetation communities suitable for the sand cut-off riverway comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) sand pit area construction: planting emergent aquatic plants above the water surface on the bank side of the sand pit, and interplanting water-drought resistant alternate bushes; planting emergent aquatic plants in the coastal zone within 30cm of water depth; planting Typha angustifolia 30-80cm in shallow water; planting floating-leaf plants in the deep water area with the water depth of more than 80 cm; wherein the vegetation bandwidth above the water surface of the sand pit bank is 1-1.5m, and the vegetation bandwidth of the water area is 2-3m;
(2) Constructing a river reach at the boundary of the main river channel and the sand pit: emergent aquatic plants are planted on the top of the concave bank facing water, and the length and the width of a vegetation zone are both 1.5 to 2.5m; planting floating-leaf plants in the bay with vegetation zone area of 7-15m 2 (ii) a Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted on the convex bank from the upstream to the downstream of the water area on the bank side, and the vegetation bandwidth is 0.8-1.5m;
(3) And (3) construction of a main river channel area: planting emergent aquatic plants in the main riverway shore zone within 30cm of water depth; planting submerged plants in the shallow water area with the depth of water of more than 30 cm; the vegetation bandwidth of the main river channel area is 0.8-1.5m.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: according to the invention, different river sections such as a sand pit area, a main river channel area and a transition zone, namely a river section of a main river channel and a sand pit boundary, in the sand cut-off river channel are researched, different plants are planted, and the high-low plants are distributed in a staggered manner, so that the full utilization of the environment is facilitated, an aquatic vegetation community is formed, the functions of water quality protection, side slope protection and the like are realized, and the ecological restoration of the river is facilitated. The method comprises the following specific steps: emergent aquatic plants are planted on the sides of the sand pits, roots and lower stems of the emergent aquatic plants have developed ventilating tissues, gaps among sand grains can be fully utilized to enable the emergent aquatic plants to grow rapidly, water-drought alternate bushes are planted alternately, the water-drought alternate plants can adapt to the growing environment of the sides of the sand pits rapidly, the bushes have the functions of reducing wind and dust, intercepting litters, shading and moisturizing, the content of soil cohesive particles, organic matters, soil nutrients and moisture can be increased obviously, and the development of sandy soil crusts can be promoted, so that the bushes and the growth of the emergent aquatic plants can be facilitated. Different plants are planted in different water depth submerged places of a sand pit area to adapt to different growing environments and water supplementing working conditions, the height of an emergent aquatic plant is limited, so that the emergent aquatic plant is planted in a shallow water area of the sand pit area, floating leaf plants are planted in water depth positions, air holes of the floating leaf plants are usually distributed on the upper surfaces of leaves, cavity channels of the floating leaf plants form a continuous air channel system, through the system, air holes of a floating organ which can be used by a submerged organ are subjected to air exchange with the atmosphere, and oxygen deficiency caused by submerged water can be avoided. Relatively more sandy soil and river water exist at the junction of the main river channel and the sand pit, so emergent aquatic plants and floating-leaf plants are planted more, the sandy soil is favorably utilized, the vegetation growth of the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants is recovered, and then the submerged plants are combined to make the emergent aquatic plants and the floating-leaf plants staggered, so that the environment is fully utilized, and the prepared growth is accelerated. Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted in the main river channel in the river channel, the emergent aquatic plants and the submerged plants are respectively distributed in different areas in the main river channel, the submerged plants can easily survive and can play a role in purifying the river channel, meanwhile, the mode of 'long vine channeling of melons' is formed between the emergent aquatic plants and the sand pit area, the main river channel serves as a water delivery channel under the water replenishing working conditions with different upstream flows, the submerged plants cannot obstruct water flow, in addition, the submerged plants and the emergent aquatic plants are respectively planted in the main river channel, the problems of insufficient illumination and the like cannot occur between the emergent aquatic plants and the main river channel, the growth of plants is facilitated, and therefore ecological river recovery is promoted.
Further, before planting plants in the sand pit area, adding a matrix material into the sandy soil, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of charcoal, 25-35 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 6-10 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of water glass, 5-10 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 5-10 parts of cementing solution; wherein the cementing liquid is an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and urea.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: in the process of vegetation construction, a favorable living environment must be ensured, so that a matrix material is also added in the sand pit area, the matrix material is mainly used for effectively combining sand grains with components in the matrix material, such as biochar, gravel and the like, the adhesion degree is enhanced, the sand fixing effect can be achieved, and the favorable living environment is provided for vegetation growth. The bentonite has strong hygroscopicity and expansibility, the water glass is water-soluble silicate, and silicic acid gel can be generated after the water glass is mixed with the bentonite, sand grains and gravels to form expansibility in a humid environmentThe swelling state can play a role in solidifying sand grains and the like. The culture solution of Pasteurella octacosa is the bacterial solution of urease-producing bacteria, urea in the cementing solution can be used as energy source, a large amount of high-activity urease is produced through metabolic activity, the urea is catalyzed to hydrolyze to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the ammonia and carbon dioxide are dispersed into the system solution through cell walls to be rapidly hydrolyzed to produce NH 4 + And CO 3 2- The sarcina pasteurianum generally has a large number of negative ion groups on the surface so as to adsorb Ca in the cementing liquid 2+ The sarcina pasteurii converts CO into CO through self-life activities 3 2- Transport to cell surface and Ca 2+ The calcium carbonate crystals are combined to form calcium carbonate crystals, and the generated calcium carbonate crystals play two roles, namely, the calcium carbonate crystals can fill gaps among sand grains, biochar and gravels, the compactness degree and the friction among particles are increased, and the calcium carbonate crystals, the water glass and the bentonite are cooperated to fix a matrix, sand grains and soil, so that the growth of plants can be utilized; secondly, the calcium carbonate crystals can generate a cementing effect on particles, which is equivalent to that a binder bonds tiny soil particles together to form a compact block, so that the cohesive force among the soil particles is increased, and the impermeability of the soil body is improved. In addition, the biochar can provide a carbon source for the vegetation, and the ammonia generated by the urea can provide a small molecular nitrogen source for the vegetation, so that the growth of the plants is facilitated.
Further, the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 28 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 8 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of water glass, 8 parts of sarcina pasteurianum culture solution and 6 parts of cementing solution.
Furthermore, the concentrations of the calcium chloride and the urea in the cementing liquid are the same and are both 0.5-1 mol/L.
Furthermore, in the construction of the sand pit area, the emergent aquatic plants planted above the water surface on the bank side of the sand pit are loosestrife or mullet; the water-resistant and drought-resistant alternate bushes are tamarix chinensis; the emergent aquatic plants planted in the coastal zone with the depth of 30cm are reed or silvergrass; the obtained floating leaf plant can be used as a vegetable for deep water with depth of more than 80 cm.
Further, emergent aquatic plant vegetation zones planted on the side of the sand pit bank above the water surface are 2-3m long along the bank, shrubs are planted at intervals of 1m long, and emergent aquatic plants such as loosestrife and mullets are plantedThe planting density of grass is 15-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of bush tamarisk is 4-5 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of reed and silvergrass is 10-15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the Xinggu is 15-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
Furthermore, emergent aquatic plants planted at the upstream top end of the concave bank in the river section at the junction of the main river channel and the sand pit are cattail or reed; the floating leaf plant planted in the estuary is Xincai; emergent aquatic plants planted on the convex bank from the bank water area are allium fistulosum or sparganium stoloniferum, and submerged plants are eel grass or watermifoil; the area ratio of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants planted in the water area of the shore of the convex bank is 1:1.
Furthermore, the planting density of the cattail and the reed is 10-15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the Xinggu is 15-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/plexus; the planting density of the allium mongolicum regel and the trigone reiliana is 10-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the eel grass and the foxtail algae is 10-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/plexus.
Further, in the construction of the main river channel area, emergent aquatic plants are allium mongolicum regel or pseudorice; the submerged plant is herba Swertiae Dilutae or Foliumet tailer.
Furthermore, the planting density of the allium mongolicum regel and the pseudorice is 10-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the eel grass and the foxtail algae is 10-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
Furthermore, the included angle between the plant planting direction and the incoming flow of the water flow is 30-45 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, different aquatic plants are planted in different areas of the sandy cutoff river channel, and then the substrate material is added in the sand pit area, so that nutrient components are provided for the aquatic plants in the sand pit area, the sandy soil can be fixed without loosening, a growth place can be provided for the plants, meanwhile, the aquatic plants planted in other areas are well-arranged, the conditions of insufficient sunlight and the like can not be caused, and the rapid growth of the plants is facilitated.
In addition, the method for constructing the aquatic vegetation communities of the sandy cutoff river channel can also adapt to the phase change of rivers and lakes, namely when the upstream incoming water is different in size, the lower sand pits can form lakes or rivers, and the problem of adverse effect caused by the formation of the sand pits in the sandy cutoff river channel can be solved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention takes the eternal river sand flow-breaking river channel as an example, and the aquatic vegetation community construction process is as follows:
example 1:
an aquatic vegetation community construction method suitable for a sand cut-off riverway comprises the following steps:
(1) Under the normal water replenishing working condition, the construction of a sand pit area: before planting plants in the sand pit area, adding a matrix material into sandy soil, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of charcoal, 25 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 6 parts of bentonite, 3 parts of water glass, 5 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 5 parts of cementing solution; wherein the cementing liquid is an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and urea, and the concentrations of the calcium chloride and the urea are the same and are both 0.5mol/L; the bacteria concentration in the culture solution of Pasteurella octacosa is 2 × 10 9 cfu/mL；
After adding the matrix material, planting emergent aquatic plants above the water surface of the sand pit bank, and interplanting waterproof-drought alternate bushes; planting emergent aquatic plants in the coastal zone within 30cm of water depth; planting Typha angustifolia in shallow water area of 30-80cm at density of 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a Planting floating-leaf plants in the deep water area with the depth of more than 80 cm; wherein the vegetation bandwidth above the water surface on the side of the sand pit is 1m, and the vegetation bandwidth in the water area is 2m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plant vegetation zone planted on the water surface of the sand pit bank has a length of 2m along the bank, bushes are planted at intervals of 1m, the emergent aquatic plant planted on the water surface of the sand pit bank is Lythrata victoria, and the planting density is 15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The water-resistant and drought-resistant alternate bushes are tamarix chinensis, and the planting density is 4 plants/m 2 (ii) a The emergent aquatic plants planted in 30cm depth of the coastal zone are reed, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a Deep water regionThe floating leaf plant of more than 80cm depth is Xincai, and has a planting density of 18 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps;
(2) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, the river reach construction of main river channel and jumping over: emergent aquatic plants are planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank, and the length and the width of a vegetation zone are both 2m; planting floating-leaf plants in the concave bay, the vegetation zone area is 10m 2 (ii) a Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted on the convex bank from the upstream to the downstream of a shoreside water area in sequence, and the vegetation bandwidth is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plant planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank is typha orientalis, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The floating leaf plant of concave bay with planting density of 18 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/plexus; the emergent aquatic plant planted by the convex bank from the water area of the bank is allium mongolicum regel, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The submerged plant is tape grass, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; the area ratio of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants planted in the water area of the shore of the convex bank is 1:1.
(3) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, main river channel district construction: planting emergent aquatic plants in the main river channel shore zone within 30cm of water depth; planting submerged plants in the shallow water area with the depth of water of more than 30 cm; the vegetation bandwidth of the main river channel area is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plant is Scirpus validus, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The submerged plant is tape grass, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
The included angle between the planting direction of the plants and the incoming flow of the water flow is 30-45 degrees.
Example 2:
an aquatic vegetation community construction method suitable for a sand cut-off riverway comprises the following steps:
(1) Under the normal water replenishing working condition, constructing a sand pit area: before planting plants in the sand pit area, adding a matrix material into sandy soil, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of biochar, 35 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 10 parts of bentonite, 8 parts of water glass, 10 parts of sarcina pasteurianum culture solution and 10 parts of cementing solution; wherein the cementing liquid is an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and urea, and the concentrations of the calcium chloride and the urea are the same and are both 0.5mol/L; in culture solution of Pasteurella BabescensThe bacterial concentration was 2X 10 9 cfu/mL；
After adding the matrix material, planting emergent aquatic plants above the water surface of the sand pit bank, and interplanting water-resistant and drought-resistant alternate bushes; planting emergent aquatic plants in the coastal zone within 30cm of water depth; planting Typha angustifolia in shallow water area of 30-80cm at density of 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a Planting floating-leaf plants in the deep water area with the water depth of more than 80 cm; wherein the vegetation bandwidth above the water surface on the side of the sand pit is 1m, and the vegetation bandwidth in the water area is 2m;
wherein the vegetation zone of the emergent aquatic plants planted above the water surface of the sand pit bank has a length of 2m along the bank, shrubs are planted at intervals of 1m in length, the emergent aquatic plants planted above the water surface of the sand pit bank are saxifrage, and the planting density is 15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The water-resistant and drought-resistant alternate bushes are tamarix chinensis, and the planting density is 4 plants/m 2 (ii) a The emergent aquatic plants planted in 30cm depth of the coastal zone are silvergrass, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The method for planting the floating-leaved plant in deep water area with depth of more than 80cm comprises filling the vegetable with the floating-leaved plant at a planting density of 18 plexus/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps;
(2) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, the river reach construction of main river channel and jumping over: emergent aquatic plants are planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank, and the length and the width of a vegetation zone are both 2m; planting floating-leaf plants in the concave bay, the vegetation zone area is 10m 2 (ii) a Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted on the convex bank from the upstream to the downstream of a shoreside water area in sequence, and the vegetation bandwidth is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plants planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank are bulrush, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The floating leaf plant of concave bay with planting density of 18 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; the emergent aquatic plant planted by the convex bank from the bank side water area is the trigone acutangula, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The submerged plant is the watermifoil, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; the area ratio of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants planted in the water area of the shore of the convex bank is 1:1.
(3) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, main river channel district construction: planting emergent aquatic plants in the main riverway shore zone within 30cm of water depth; planting submerged plants in the shallow water area with the depth of water of more than 30 cm; the vegetation bandwidth of the main river channel area is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plant is pseudorice, and plantingThe density is 20 strains/m 2 The submerged plant is the watermifoil, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
The included angle between the planting direction of the plants and the incoming flow of the water flow is 30-45 degrees.
Example 3:
an aquatic vegetation community construction method suitable for a sand cut-off riverway comprises the following steps:
(1) Under the normal water replenishing working condition, constructing a sand pit area: before planting plants in the sand pit area, adding a matrix material into sandy soil, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of charcoal, 28 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 8 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of water glass, 8 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 6 parts of cementing solution; wherein the cementing liquid is an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and urea, and the concentrations of the calcium chloride and the urea are the same and are both 0.5mol/L; the bacteria concentration in the culture solution of Pasteurella octacosa is 2 × 10 9 cfu/mL；
After adding the matrix material, planting emergent aquatic plants above the water surface of the sand pit bank, and interplanting waterproof-drought alternate bushes; planting emergent aquatic plants in the coastal zone within 30cm of water depth; planting Typha angustifolia in shallow water area of 30-80cm at density of 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a Planting floating-leaf plants in the deep water area with the depth of more than 80 cm; wherein the vegetation bandwidth above the water surface on the side of the sand pit is 1m, and the vegetation bandwidth in the water area is 2m;
wherein the vegetation zone of the emergent aquatic plants planted above the water surface of the sand pit bank has a length of 2m along the bank, shrubs are planted at intervals of 1m in length, the emergent aquatic plants planted above the water surface of the sand pit bank are loosestrife, and the planting density is 15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The water-resistant and drought-resistant alternate bushes are tamarix chinensis, and the planting density is 4 plants/m 2 (ii) a The emergent aquatic plants planted in 30cm depth of the coastal zone are reed, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The floating leaf plant of more than 80cm deep water in deep water region is Xinjiang nut, and has planting density of 18 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/plexus;
(2) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, the river reach construction of main river channel and jumping over: emergent aquatic plants are planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank, and the length and the width of a vegetation zone are both 2m; planting floating-leaf plants in the concave bay, the vegetation zone area is 10m 2 (ii) a Protruding bank self-shore water areaEmerging plants and submerged plants are planted from upstream to downstream in sequence, and the vegetation bandwidth is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plants planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank are bulrush, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The floating leaf plant of concave bay with planting density of 18 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; the emergent aquatic plant planted by the convex bank from the water area of the bank is allium mongolicum regel, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The submerged plant is the watermifoil, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; the area ratio of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants planted in the water area of the shore of the convex bank is 1:1.
(3) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, main river channel district construction: planting emergent aquatic plants in the main riverway shore zone within 30cm of water depth; planting submerged plants in the shallow water area with the depth of more than 30 cm; the vegetation bandwidth of the main river channel area is 1m;
wherein the emergent aquatic plants are pseudorice, and the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 The submerged plant is the watermifoil, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
The included angle between the planting direction of the plants and the incoming flow of the water flow is 30-45 degrees.
Comparative example 1:
an aquatic vegetation community construction method suitable for a sandy cutoff river channel comprises the following steps:
(1) Under the normal water replenishing working condition, constructing a sand pit area: planting Lythra herba Lythrati on the water surface of the sand pit bank with planting density of 15 plants/m 2 (ii) a Planting in the shores with the depth of 30cm and in the shallow water area with the depth of 30-80cm and in the deep water area with the depth of 80 cm;
(2) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, the river reach construction of main river channel and jumping over: planting reed on the top of the concave bank facing water and in the concave bank bay with planting density of 12 plants/m 2 (ii) a The watermifoil is planted in the water area on the bank of the convex bank, and the planting density is 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps;
(3) Under the normal moisturizing operating mode, main river channel district construction: planting false rice in the main channel bank zone within 30cm of water depth, wherein the planting density is 20 plants/m 2 (ii) a Planting the watermifoil in the shallow water area with the depth of more than 30cm and the planting density of 15 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/clumps; vegetation bandwidth of main river channel area1m；
Comparative example 2:
comparative document 2 differs from example 3 in that: the matrix material was not added, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3:
comparative document 3 differs from example 3 in that: the matrix material was the same as in example 1 except that bentonite and water glass were absent.
Comparative example 4:
comparative document 4 differs from example 3 in that: 8 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 6 parts of cementing solution are lacked in the matrix material.
Aquatic vegetation communities suitable for sand cut-off riverways are constructed by adopting the construction methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-4, the conditions of the examples and the comparative examples are evaluated after 6 months according to the grading indexes in the table 1, and the evaluation results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1 grading index of recovery Effect
TABLE 2 evaluation results of examples and comparative examples
The above table shows that by adopting the construction method of the invention, the aquatic plant community suitable for the sandy cutoff river channel can be well constructed, the overall coverage rate reaches more than 82%, the matrix material is added before the planting in the sand pit area, the plant can be well fixed and is not laid down, the nitrogen source and the carbon source required by the plant growth are also added into the matrix material, and the urea is converted into the ammonia substance easy to absorb, so that the absorption by the plant is easy.
In the comparative example 1, no matrix material is added, the sandy soil is not easy to fix the plants, the lodging degree is serious, the same plants are planted in different areas on the planted plants, the types of the plants planted in the adjacent areas are few, the competition is large, and the plants are not beneficial to the growth of the plants.
In comparative example 2, the lodging and the coverage rate of the planted plant are affected without adding a matrix material, but the planted plant is the same as example 3, the lodging and the coverage rate are between those of comparative example 1 and example 3, and the situation that different plants are planted in different areas is shown to have a large effect on the coverage rate.
In comparative example 3, bentonite and water glass are absent, which has certain influence on fixed plants and coverage rate, but the matrix material also comprises a cementing liquid, which has certain effect on fixed plants, while in comparative example 4, 8 parts of sarcina pasteurianum culture solution and the cementing liquid are absent, the plant coverage rate is lower than that of comparative example 3, which shows that nutrient substances are absent to influence plant growth, and the bentonite, the water glass and the cementing liquid play a synergistic effect on fixed plants as can be seen from comparative examples 3 and 4 and examples.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing an aquatic vegetation community suitable for a sand cut-off riverway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) sand pit area construction: planting emergent aquatic plants above the water surface of the sand pit bank, and interplanting waterproof-drought alternate bushes; planting emergent aquatic plants in the coastal zone within 30cm of water depth; planting Typha angustifolia 30-80cm in shallow water; planting floating-leaf plants in the deep water area with the depth of more than 80 cm; wherein the vegetation bandwidth above the water surface of the sand pit bank is 1-1.5m, and the vegetation bandwidth of the water area is 2-3m;
(2) Constructing a river section of the main river channel and the sand pit boundary: emergent aquatic plants are planted at the water-facing top end of the concave bank, and the length and the width of the vegetation zone are both 1.5-2.5m; planting floating-leaf plants in the concave bay, the vegetation zone area is 7-15m 2 (ii) a Emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted on the convex bank from the upstream to the downstream of the water area on the bank side, and the vegetation bandwidth is 0.8-1.5m;
(3) And (3) constructing a main river channel area: planting emergent aquatic plants in the main riverway shore zone within 30cm of water depth; planting submerged plants in the shallow water area with the depth of more than 30 cm; the vegetation bandwidth of the main river channel area is 0.8-1.5m.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a matrix material is added to the sandy soil prior to planting the plants in the sandy pit area, the matrix material comprising the following constituents in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of charcoal, 25-35 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 6-10 parts of bentonite, 3-8 parts of water glass, 5-10 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 5-10 parts of cementing solution; wherein the cementing liquid is an aqueous solution of calcium chloride and urea.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 28 parts of 20-40mm gravel, 8 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of water glass, 8 parts of sarcina pasteurii culture solution and 6 parts of cementing solution.
4. The method for constructing an aquatic vegetation community applicable to a sand cut-off riverway according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the concentrations of calcium chloride and urea in the cementing liquid are the same and are both 0.5-1 mol/L.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the construction of the sand-filled region, the emergent aquatic plants planted above the shoreside of the sand-filled region are loosestrife or saxifrage; the water-resistant-drought alternate bushes are tamarix chinensis; the emergent aquatic plants planted in the coastal zone with the depth of 30cm are reed or silvergrass; the obtained floating leaf plant can be used as a vegetable for deep water with depth of more than 80 cm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the emergent vegetation zone is 2-3m long along the shore, and shrubs and emergent aquatic plants are planted at 1m intervalsThe planting density of the loosestrife and the mullet is 15-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of bush tamarisk is 4-5 plants/m 2 。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic plants planted on the upstream end of the valley are Typha angustifolia or Phragmites; the floating leaf plant planted in the estuary is Xincai; emergent aquatic plants planted by the protruding bank from a bank water area are allium mongolicum or sparganium stoloniferum, and submerged plants are sowthistle or watermifoil; the area ratio of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants planted in the water area of the shore of the convex bank is 1:1.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the planting density of Typha angustifolia and/or Phragmites communis is 10-15 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the Xincai is 15-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 buds/plexus; the planting density of the allium mongolicum regel and the trigone reiliana is 10-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the eel grass and the foxtail algae is 10-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
9. The method for constructing an aquatic vegetation community applicable to a sandy cutoff river channel according to claim 1, wherein emergent aquatic plants are allium fistulosum or pseudorice in the construction of the main channel area; the submerged plant is herba Swertiae Dilutae or Foliumet tailer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the planting density of the allium mongolicum regel and the pseudorice is 10-25 plants/m 2 (ii) a The planting density of the eel grass and the foxtail algae is 10-20 clusters/m 2 3-5 shoots/clumps.
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