CN115373046A - Automatic MEMS sounding balloon that hovers and real-time natural weather collection system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon and a real-time natural weather acquisition system, comprising: the air bag and the base are provided with an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and a main control panel, and the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is electrically connected with the main control panel; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises an air control assembly and a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor comprises an inner pressure sensor and an outer pressure sensor; the main control board is made of thermistor materials; a refraction type telescope for observing earth by adopting a triangular pendulum is adopted, a common telephoto lens is arranged in the center of three refraction type telescopes, and an imaging CCD chip packages a pre-vacuum system; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is used for realizing the balance of the internal and external pressure of the air bag so that the sounding balloon can hover at a designated high altitude; the electronic component substrate is made of thermistor materials, and the heating of the substrate is realized through a variable current source, so that the collected meteorological values of all electronic components are ensured to be in a specified range in a high-altitude low-temperature environment.

Description

Automatic MEMS sounding balloon that hovers and real-time natural weather collection system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-altitude detection, in particular to an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon and a real-time natural weather acquisition system.

Background

The sonde is an instrument for measuring atmospheric physical parameters at different heights of the sky to determine the release of the vertical distribution surface of meteorological elements; this measurement is done by wireless channel telemetry and is therefore also called a radiosonde. The sounding system is composed of a radio sounding instrument and ground receiving and processing equipment which are connected by a communication channel, and is also called an atmosphere sounding system, wherein the sounding instrument can be divided into a general type and a special type according to purposes; the electronic sonde is provided with a code type sonde, an electronic sonde, a special sonde for artillery, a low altitude sonde and the like; temperature sensors in modern radio sounding instrument packages include temperature sensing electrodes, capacitance sensors, resistance wires, bimetallic elements or thermocouples.

In the prior art, a sonde usually adopts a balloon levitation mode to carry out high-altitude detection, and the mode has the problems of incapability of hovering at high altitude and remote control, and simultaneously has the problem of incapability of recycling after one-time use; the patent application document with the application number of 201710011835.0 discloses an sounding balloon and a high-hole meteorological detection system, the problem that the sounding balloon cannot be reused in the application, the remote control cannot be realized, and the height of the sounding balloon is adjusted in real time is solved, an air bag and a heavy material bag are arranged, the altitude adjustment and the remote control function of the sounding balloon are realized by matching with a sensor, the problem in the prior art can be solved by the mode, but the problem that electronic elements in a low-temperature environment cannot operate and the sensor cannot accurately measure still exists in the high altitude of the sounding instrument to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the technology, the invention provides an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon and a real-time natural weather acquisition system, which realize the high-altitude hovering function of the sounding balloon by arranging an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and realizing the high-altitude hovering function of the sounding balloon by air pressure inside and outside a high-altitude balancing air bag, and simultaneously, a heatable substrate made of a thermistor material is arranged, so that an electronic element keeps the working temperature in a high-altitude low-temperature environment, and accurate weather information acquisition is realized.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon, comprising: the air bag is mounted on the base, the base is provided with an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and a main control board, and the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is electrically connected with the main control board; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises an air control assembly and a pressure sensor, wherein the air control assembly is used for balancing air pressure inside and outside the air bag, and the pressure sensor comprises an inner pressure sensor and an outer pressure sensor, the inner pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the air bag, and the outer pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure outside the air bag; the substrate of the main control panel is made of thermistor materials, and heating electrodes for heating the substrate are welded on the substrate.

Specifically, the surface of the substrate is provided with a temperature measuring electrode, the temperature measuring electrode is arranged at the center of the substrate, and the temperature measuring electrode is connected with the substrate through a conductive belt made of a non-heat-conducting material with a conductive electrode.

Preferably, the substrate is a PTC ceramic substrate or an NTC ceramic substrate; the heating electrodes are prepared at the end positions of both sides of the substrate, and the heating electrodes are connected to a heat supply power source.

Specifically, the gas control assembly comprises a gas generation storage, a gas inlet pipe and a gas exhaust pipe, wherein one end of the gas inlet pipe is communicated with the gas generation storage, and the other end of the gas inlet pipe is communicated to the inner cavity of the airbag; one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated to the inner cavity of the air bag, the other end of the exhaust pipe is communicated to the outside of the air bag, and a one-way valve is arranged in the exhaust pipe; the gas generator is a compressed gas storage cylinder filled with compressed inert gas.

Specifically, the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are closely attached together and welded to form a dual sensor unit, the internal pressure sensor of the dual sensor unit is communicated to the inner cavity of the air bag through a first pressure guide pipe, and the external pressure sensor is communicated to the outside of the air bag through a second pressure guide pipe.

Preferably, the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are components with completely the same performance, and the same reference pressure value is sealed in the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor.

Specifically, the base plate is further welded with a plurality of second sensors, and the second sensors are one or more of a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, an ultraviolet sensor, a thunderstorm sensor, a sulfur dioxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor and a sensor for controlling the movement speed and the attitude, wherein the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the pressure sensor, the ultraviolet sensor, the thunderstorm sensor, the sulfur dioxide sensor and the carbon dioxide sensor are manufactured by the MEMS technology.

Preferably, the second sensors are soldered on the substrate through metal wire leads, metal films, non-metal conductive electrodes and via-hole metal materials.

Specifically, three folding telescopes with different focal lengths are arranged at the bottom of the base and used for observing targets with three different distances; the folding telescope adopts a triangular arrangement method; at the center position where the three refractive telescopes meet, a long-focus telescope is arranged for observing a target with the distance of 10 to 1 ten thousand meters from the ground.

The utility model provides a real-time natural weather collection system, include ground information acquisition device and the MEMS sounding balloon that hovers automatically, the MEMS sounding balloon that hovers automatically still includes wireless communication module, the MEMS sounding balloon that hovers automatically passes through wireless communication module with ground information acquisition device signal connection.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon and the real-time natural weather acquisition system provided by the invention comprise: the air bag is arranged on the base, the base is provided with an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and a main control board, and the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is electrically connected with the main control board; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises an air control assembly and a pressure sensor, wherein the air control assembly is used for balancing the air pressure inside and outside the air bag, and the pressure sensor comprises an inner pressure sensor and an outer pressure sensor, the inner pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the air bag, and the outer pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure outside the air bag; the substrate of the main control panel is made of thermistor materials, and heating electrodes for heating the substrate are welded on the substrate; through setting up automatic atmospheric pressure adjustment mechanism, realize realizing the high altitude of exploring the empty balloon function of hovering in the atmospheric pressure of high altitude balance gasbag inside and outside, set up the heatable base plate of thermistor material simultaneously, make electronic component keep operating temperature under the low temperature environment of high altitude, realize accurate meteorological information collection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the interior of the air bag of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the interior of the base of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a bottom view of the interior of the base of the present invention.

The main element symbols are as follows:

1. an air bag; 2. a base; 3. a second pressure leading pipe; 4. an exhaust pipe; 5. a gas control assembly; 51. an air inlet pipe; 53. a one-way valve; 6. a gas generator; 7. a main control panel; 71. a temperature measuring electrode; 72. heating the electrode; 73. an ultraviolet sensor; 74. a pressure sensor; 75. a temperature sensor; 76. a humidity sensor; 77. a thunderstorm sensor; 8. a first pressure leading pipe; 9. a folding telescope; 91. a tele telescope; 10. and (4) a nozzle.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly describe the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, details of general examples are given to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments are illustrative only and are not limiting of the invention.

It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

In the prior art, a sonde usually adopts a balloon levitation mode to carry out high-altitude detection, and the mode has the problems of incapability of hovering at high altitude and remote control, and simultaneously has the problem of incapability of recycling after one-time use; although the height adjustment and the remote control function of the sounding balloon are realized by arranging the air bag 1 and the heavy material bag and matching the sensor at the same time in the market, the problem that the sounding balloon cannot realize remote control and adjust the height of the sounding balloon in real time is solved, the problem that electronic elements in a low-temperature environment cannot operate and the sensor cannot accurately measure still exists in the high altitude of the sounding instrument implemented in the mode is urgently solved.

To overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention specifically provides an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon and a real-time natural weather collecting system, referring to fig. 1 to 4, an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon comprising: the air bag device comprises an air bag 1 and a base 2, wherein the air bag 1 is arranged on the base 2, the base 2 is provided with an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and a main control board 7, and the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is electrically connected with the main control board 7; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises a gas control assembly 5 for balancing the air pressure inside and outside the air bag 1 and a pressure sensor 74, wherein the pressure sensor 74 comprises an inner pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the inner cavity of the air bag 1 and an outer pressure sensor for measuring the pressure outside the air bag 1; the substrate of the main control board 7 is made of thermistor material, and a heating electrode 72 for heating the substrate is welded on the substrate; the device starts to work in the atmosphere, and the temperature, humidity and pressure of weather in the atmosphere are observed through the sensor; used for judging the phenomena of rain, thunderstorm and cyclone at high altitude; the flight height mainly refers to the meteorological parameter change from the ground to the bottom of the stratosphere; the flying track of the device is mainly in the flying process from the ground to the middle part of the stratosphere; in order to obtain the temperature change of all flying routes, the temperature change from the ground temperature to the high altitude in a short time must be endured; and the average temperature of the ground is 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is close to-90 ℃ when the average temperature reaches the middle lower part of the stratosphere; therefore, all sensors and electronic components in the system are subjected to the continuous impact of the temperature environment; the observation altitude of the weather sonde is determined by the pressurization in the carrying balloon, the flying altitude is usually less than 3.5 kilometers (balloon explosion), and the longest working time does not exceed 2.5 hours due to the battery in the load.

In the flying process of the air bag 1, the pressure sensor 74 is used for continuously collecting the air pressure value from the inner cavity of the air bag 1 and the air pressure value from the outside of the air bag 1 and comparing the air pressure value with the air pressure value from the outside of the air bag 1 by the inner pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the air bag 1 and the outer pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the outside of the air bag 1, and the air pressure value of the inner cavity of the air bag 1 is adjusted to be balanced with the outside atmospheric pressure by the air pressure adjusting mechanism according to the hovering height of the air bag, so that the air bag can be automatically suspended in the air at the moment, and the air bag 1 can be suspended in the air; when the pressure in the balloon is higher than the pressure of the flying altitude, the balloon can continuously rise, the outside air temperature can also fall along with the rise of the balloon, and the temperature can continuously fall along with the rise of the altitude, when the temperature is too low (over-45 ℃), most of electronic components can fail due to too low temperature, if the electronic components on the substrate in the product can be heated at the moment, the working temperature of the substrate of the product can rise to the allowable working temperature of an electronic element device, the performance of the product can be ensured, the heating device is arranged in all the substrates, the substrate made of the thermistor materials is used, the whole substrate can reach the working temperature through heating of the heating electrodes 72, meanwhile, the substrate made of the thermistor materials can not influence the work of the components due to the rise of the temperature, the normal operation of the whole device under the high-altitude low-temperature environment is ensured, and the detection accuracy is improved.

According to the airbag 1, due to the action of the airbag 1, after the system takes off from the ground, the airbag 1 rises along with the action of the internal and external pressure difference of the airbag 1, the airbag 1 rises from the ground to the air, and the airbag 1 is expanded to rise continuously under the action of the internal and external pressure of the airbag; in order to enable a more stable ground observation in a specific area, there is a certain time lag in the follow-up of the optical and focusing system. In order to better realize stable and accurate meteorological information acquisition and earth observation, the air bag 1 needs to stay at a certain height for a period of time; the ground needs the air bag 1 to stay at different heights and different empty areas at any time, so that the meteorological information can be finely and accurately acquired and the ground and sea surface targets can be observed; therefore, the device is a prominent characteristic that the device can stay in any airspace at any time.

In the present embodiment, mention is made of: the substrate is also welded with a temperature measuring electrode 71, the temperature measuring electrode 71 is welded at the central position of the substrate, heating electrodes 72 are welded at the end parts of the two sides of the substrate, and the heating electrodes 72 are connected to a heat supply power supply; the temperature measuring electrode 71 is arranged at the most central position of the whole substrate, the heating electrode 72 is arranged at the edge position of the substrate, so that the heat conduction middle position is the position to be conducted finally, if the central position reaches the working temperature, the working temperature of the whole substrate can be ensured, the heating electrode 72 can continuously generate heat by connecting the heating power supply to the heating electrode 72, and the heating power supply preferably adopts a variable current power supply capable of continuously supplying power for more than 2.5H.

In a preferred embodiment are mentioned: the substrate is a PTC ceramic substrate or an NTC ceramic substrate; the PTC ceramic heating element is also called as a PTC heater and consists of a PTC ceramic heating element and an aluminum pipe; the PTC heating element has the advantages of small thermal resistance and high heat exchange efficiency, and is an automatic constant-temperature and electricity-saving electric heater. The safety is characterized in that the surface of the electric heating tube heater does not turn red under any application condition; the PTC ceramic substrate is rapid in temperature rise, can automatically control the temperature when in failure and has long service life; NTC refers to the phenomenon of thermistor with negative temperature coefficient and material with resistance decreasing exponentially with temperature rise, and the material is semiconductor ceramic prepared by fully mixing, molding, sintering and other processes of two or more than two metal oxides of manganese, copper, silicon, cobalt, iron, nickel, zinc and the like, and can be made into thermistor with negative temperature coefficient. The resistivity and material constant of the material vary with the material composition ratio, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature and structural state. Non-oxide NTC thermistor materials typified by silicon carbide, tin selenide, tantalum nitride, and the like have also been developed; the PTC ceramic substrate or the NTC ceramic substrate can ensure that the normal work of the substrate is not influenced even if the temperature of the substrate rises.

In the present embodiment, mention is made of: the gas control assembly 5 in the sounding balloon comprises a gas generator 6, a gas inlet pipe 51 and an exhaust pipe 4, wherein one end of the gas inlet pipe 51 is connected with the gas generator 6, and the other end of the gas inlet pipe 51 is communicated with the inner cavity of the air bag 1; one end of the exhaust pipe 4 is communicated with the inner cavity of the air bag 1, the other end is communicated with the outside of the air bag 1, and a one-way valve 53 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 4; the gas generator 6 is internally stored with gas for adjusting the internal pressure of the airbag 1, one end of the gas inlet pipe 51 is connected with the gas generator 6, and the other end is communicated with the inner cavity of the airbag 1, so that the gas generated by the gas generator 6 can be directly sent to the inner cavity of the airbag 1 through the exhaust pipe 4; the exhaust pipe 4 is communicated with the inner cavity of the air bag 1 and is mainly used for exhausting the gas in the inner cavity of the air bag 1 out of the air bag 1 so as to balance the air pressure in the air bag 1, and the one-way valve 53 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 4 to ensure that the exhaust pipe 4 is only used for exhausting the gas through double control of the pressure sensor and the MCU, so that the explosion caused by overlarge air pressure difference in the air bag 1 due to the fact that the air pressure difference causes gas inflow when the air valve is opened is avoided.

Preferably, the gas generator is further connected to a multi-way attitude control valve through a control gas pipe, the multi-way attitude control valve is connected with three nozzles 10 in different directions to the outside of the base, and the adjustment of the attitude of the balloon is realized by discharging gas from the different nozzles 10.

In a preferred embodiment, mention is made of: the gas generator 6 is a compressed gas storage cylinder filled with compressed inert gas; the inert gas in the compressed gas storage cylinder is stored in the cylinder in a compressed form, so that the volume and the weight of the gas cylinder can be reduced to the maximum extent, the gas cylinder is prevented from being overweight, the preferred gas cylinder also adopts aluminum alloy or titanium alloy as a manufacturing material, the aluminum alloy takes the aluminum as the base and is added with a certain amount of alloy elements, the aluminum alloy is one of light metal materials, and the aluminum-magnesium alloy is a better method, has higher strength, specific strength close to high alloy steel, specific rigidity superior to steel, good casting performance and plastic processing performance, good electric conduction and heat conduction performance, good corrosion resistance and weldability, can be used as a structural material, and has wide application in aerospace, aviation, transportation, construction, electromechanics, lightening and daily necessities; the titanium alloy has the characteristics of high strength, good corrosion resistance, high heat resistance and the like, the density of the titanium alloy is generally about 4.51g/cm < 3 >, the density of the titanium alloy is only 60% of that of steel, and some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural steels. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of the titanium alloy is far greater than that of other metal structural materials, and parts with high unit strength, good rigidity and light weight can be manufactured; in one embodiment, the body of the compressed gas cylinder is made of an aluminum alloy; the inert gas is suitable for being used as a raw material for filling the airbag 1 in a flying manner due to the low density of the inert gas, and can be hydrogen, helium and nitrogen, wherein helium is preferred as the filling gas of the airbag 1 in one practical example of the application; the nitrogen is stable, the prepared balloon has better safety and stability, and the prepared balloon is lighter and has higher efficiency.

In the present embodiment, mention is made of: the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are closely attached together and welded to form a dual sensor unit, the internal pressure sensor of the dual sensor unit is communicated to the inner cavity of the air bag 1 through a first pressure guide pipe 8, and the external pressure sensor is communicated to the outside of the air bag 1 through a second pressure guide pipe 3; the Chinese meaning of MEMS is a micro-electromechanical system, and the manufacturing technology selects pressure sensors with completely consistent performance, especially completely consistent temperature coefficient; the consistency of the product performance is improved, and the product cost is greatly reduced; the problem of the bottom layer of the product performance is solved, and the consistency of the performance of all sondes is ensured; in order to realize accurate measurement of pressure inside and outside the balloon, the device designs two dual chip structures which are close to each other on the chip structure of the sensor, wherein the two chip structures are originally respectively completed by two pressure sensors 74; specifically, during the manufacturing process, the two pressure sensors 74 are designed as a unit; that is to say, in a unit, can possess two pressure chips that have the identical temperature characteristic to the effectual uniformity and the precision of having guaranteed two sensor chip simultaneous workings.

After the large wafer is made, even if separated into one small unit, there are two identical pressure sensor 74 units on each unit. Since the absolute pressure sensor 74 is used, only two pressure ports to be measured are introduced.

In a preferred embodiment, mention is made of: the inner pressure sensor and the outer pressure sensor are manufactured and molded by the same sheet or the same furnace and the same process, and the same reference pressure value is sealed in the inner pressure sensor and the outer pressure sensor; the same chip or the same furnace and the same process are adopted to manufacture the formed chip, and the two sensor chips have completely same indexes in the aspect of external characteristics; the index is realized just like an audio pair power amplifier tube; the same reference pressure can ensure that the reference standards of the two sensors of the inner pressure sensor and the outer pressure sensor are consistent.

In the present embodiment, mention is made of: the substrate is also welded with a plurality of second sensors, and the second sensors are one or more of a temperature sensor 75, a humidity sensor 76, an ultraviolet sensor 73 and a thunderstorm sensor 77; the device starts to work in the atmosphere, and the meteorological temperature, humidity and air pressure in the atmosphere are observed through the sensor to judge the phenomena of rain, thunderstorm and cyclone at high altitude; the flying height mainly refers to the meteorological parameter change from the ground to the bottom of the stratosphere; the flying track of the device is mainly in the flying process from the ground to the middle of the stratosphere. In order to obtain the temperature change of all the fly-by routes.

Example 1: the temperature and humidity sensor 76 is a humidity and temperature integrated sensing unit manufactured on the surface of aluminum nitride, and is connected to a substrate of all electronic circuits (including a heater) manufactured by aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide or a PCB (printed circuit board) by adopting a polyimide electric connection connector, so that the functions of measurement control and transceiving are realized; the ultra-thin aluminum nitride is adopted as a substrate, the temperature is correspondingly three times faster than the heat conduction speed of alumina, the response speed of platinum resistors manufactured on the surface is three times faster, moisture-sensitive resistors or moisture-sensitive capacitors are manufactured on the surface of the aluminum nitride, and the response speed of the devices with the same structure and the same material is three times faster than that of the alumina material;

the surface of the wire is a polyimide structure layer. The comprehensive performance of the polyimide material is very good in organic polymer materials, the high temperature resistance of the polyimide material can reach more than 400 ℃, and the low temperature environment can also reach-200 ℃; and also has good biocompatibility; therefore, the coating material can be used as a coating material; after the connecting wire and the bonding pad are welded, in order to ensure the structural stability, the ion migration does not occur in the welding point;

example 2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing a plurality of physical second sensors on the surface by using silicon as a substrate and utilizing an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) process, and forming a silicon dioxide layer on the surface of silicon or aluminum oxide by a vacuum plasma process; and bonding various silicon sensors on the surface to the silicon substrate or the aluminum oxide surface by using pressure and high direct current voltage under a vacuum condition.

In a preferred embodiment, mention is made of: the plurality of second sensors are welded on the substrate through metal wire leads, metal films, non-metal conductive electrodes and through-hole metal materials; and welding the connecting position by adopting a gold welding point, wherein the specific welding mode adopts ultrasonic hot-press welding.

Example 3: forming a low-temperature glass sintered layer on a connection point of the lead terminal and the bonding pad by using low-temperature glass powder; forming a low-temperature glass sintering layer to cover the welding points and fill gaps among the welding points; the amorphous low-temperature glass powder completely wraps the welding spot, so that the structural stability of the welding spot can be ensured, and the welding spot can be prevented from being subjected to an electrochemical reaction accidentally during the use process so as to prevent ion migration, so that the low-temperature glass structure layer can play a role in plugging;

the low-temperature glass structure layer can not be conductive and has no polarity, and can be stably used in various environments, and simultaneously has good combination stability with low-temperature glass frit, so that abrasion particles on the low-temperature glass sintering layer can be prevented from falling; the overall structure exhibits good structural stability. The structure of the packaging mode can not deform at-55 to 350 ℃ in a wide temperature range and has good performance.

The real-time natural weather acquisition system comprises a ground information acquisition device and an automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon, and further comprises a wireless communication module, wherein the automatic hovering MEMS sounding balloon is in signal connection with the ground information acquisition device through the wireless communication module.

Preferably, the system also comprises an optical system for observing the ground, so that the air residence time of the device in the whole flight process is far longer than that of the existing meteorological sonde. The residence time of the device in the middle and lower parts of the high altitude and stratosphere is more than 8 hours. The optical observation system is composed of visible light and infrared two-part optical sensitive units. The visible light sensitive unit consists of a common optical (imaging sensitive element) CCD, a corresponding optical focusing mechanism, a filter and the like. The infrared optical sensitive unit is composed of an infrared CCD, a focusing mechanism, a filter and the like. The optical lens of the device is a telescopic lens with super-long focusing, and the focusing is more than 1 Km. The adjustable focusing lens is used for realizing super-long focusing. In the present system, the optical path in the lens cannot be made in a vertical configuration.

Preferably, please refer to fig. 4; three folding telescopes 9 with different focal lengths are arranged at the bottom of the base and are used for observing targets with three different distances; the folding telescope 9 adopts a triangular arrangement method; the centers of the three refraction telescopes are provided with a common long-focus telescope lens, and all imaging CCD units are packaged in a vacuum sealed cavity; because the weight of the lens is large, the shell is made of light high-strength materials, the equivalent mass center is close to the vertical center, and the swing problem caused by wall surface wind blowing is solved. The invention adopts the refraction principle to make the image reach the image on the CCD surface after the image is reflected twice. Therefore, the volume and the weight of the lens are greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is rapidly reduced. The problem of high altitude temperature medium and great change is considered to this patent, and the ordinary camera lens that uses adopts the tight shot, reduces the difficulty of focusing, and the focus is set to f/11, and to infinity, total exposure realizes through setting for the fast door speed. Since the observation is made with respect to the ground, the night state is also considered in addition to the day. This configuration has fewer lenses and allows more of the infrared component to pass through.

The scheme provided by the invention also has the following key points:

1. in order to realize accurate measurement of the pressure value of the air bag 1, the device is manufactured by manufacturing the original tasks finished by the two pressure sensors 74 on the same sensor chip and designing two chips which are close to each other and are completely symmetrical in a dual mode. And two pressure sensor 74 chips are designed in the same unit; two identical pressure chips are arranged in the same unit; in the silicon chip for manufacturing the pressure sensor, a plurality of independent units are manufactured, and each unit is provided with two identical pressure sensor 74 units; since the absolute pressure sensor 74 is preferably used, only two pressure lines to be measured are required to introduce the pressure; while the reference pressure is already encapsulated in the chip itself carrier during the manufacturing process of the chip.

Thus, at the gas inlet and outlet of the balloon 1, a port on the chip is in pressure communication with the inner cavity of the balloon 1. The pressure guiding hole of the other chip is communicated with the atmosphere outside the air bag 1; thereby accurately sensing the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the airbag 1 and the outside.

2. Air bag 1 internal and external pressure regulating mechanism "

A balloon internal and external pressure adjusting mechanism is arranged at the lower end base 2 of the air bag 1.

The pressure regulating and adjusting mechanism is characterized in that: at the base 2, a compressed gas cylinder is attached, which is a source of supplemental pressure within the balloon, under which the balloon expands to produce an upward lift. In order to enable the sphere to be in the air and generate up-down and static states, the internal pressure of the sphere needs to be adjusted to reach the designated numerical value or balance state of the internal pressure and the external pressure in different states. The pressure regulating device has a dual chip and package form and also needs a control structure matched with the dual chip and package form.

The present control structure is as follows.

3. A PTC ceramic substrate or an NTC ceramic substrate is used as a substrate of the circuit of the present device, and a necessary heating electrode 72 is provided on the substrate. And all sensors or electronic components are designed to be soldered through copper, conductive electrodes with gold films on the surfaces and through holes.

Two pairs of electrodes are arranged on the NTC substrate, wherein one pair of electrodes is a temperature measuring electrode; the electrode is set at the center of the substrate. And the other pair of electrodes is designed at two ends of the substrate. The two end electrodes are used for heating the PTC. The structure and the realization of the temperature measuring function are ensured, and the constant heating function is also ensured. And when the NTC substrate is lower than the given temperature, the temperature measuring electrode 71 firstly obtains the temperature change, and the other pair of heating electrodes 72 is started to heat the system. When the temperature is higher than a predetermined value, the NTC stops heating.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. by arranging the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism, the high-altitude hovering function of the sounding balloon is realized by air pressure inside and outside the high-altitude balancing air bag.

2. The heatable substrate made of the thermistor material is arranged, so that the electronic element can keep working temperature in a high-altitude low-temperature environment, and accurate meteorological information acquisition is realized.

The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be considered by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon, comprising: the air bag is mounted on the base, the base is provided with an automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism and a main control board, and the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism is electrically connected with the main control board; the automatic air pressure adjusting mechanism comprises an air control assembly and a pressure sensor, wherein the air control assembly is used for balancing air pressure inside and outside the air bag, and the pressure sensor comprises an inner pressure sensor and an outer pressure sensor, the inner pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of the inner cavity of the air bag, and the outer pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure outside the air bag; the substrate of the main control board is made of thermistor materials, and heating electrodes for heating the substrate are welded on the substrate.

2. The auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 1, wherein a temperature measurement electrode is formed on a surface of the substrate, the temperature measurement electrode is formed at a center of the substrate, and the temperature measurement electrode is connected to the substrate by a conductive tape made of a non-conductive material with a conductive electrode.

3. The self-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is a PTC ceramic substrate or an NTC ceramic substrate; the heating electrodes are prepared at the end parts of the two sides of the substrate and are connected to a heat supply power supply.

4. The auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 1, wherein the gas control assembly comprises a gas generation reservoir, a gas inlet tube and a gas outlet tube, one end of the gas inlet tube being in communication with the gas generation reservoir and the other end being in communication with the balloon interior; one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated to the inner cavity of the air bag, the other end of the exhaust pipe is communicated to the outside of the air bag, and a one-way valve is arranged in the exhaust pipe; the gas generator is a compressed gas storage cylinder, and compressed inert gas is filled in the compressed gas storage cylinder.

5. The auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 1, wherein the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are welded together in close proximity to form a dual sensor unit, the internal pressure sensor of the dual sensor unit being connected to the balloon interior cavity by a first pressure tapping line, and the external pressure sensor being connected to the balloon exterior by a second pressure tapping line.

6. The auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 5, wherein the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are identical components with identical performance, and the same reference pressure value is encapsulated in the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor.

7. The self-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is further solder-mounted with a plurality of second sensors, the second sensors being one or more of temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, ultraviolet sensors, thunderstorm sensors, sulfur dioxide sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and motion speed and attitude control sensors made by MEMS technology.

8. The auto-hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 7, wherein the second plurality of sensors are soldered to the substrate by one of a wire lead, a metallic film, a non-metallic conductive electrode, a via metallic material.

9. The automatically hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to claim 1, wherein three different focal length folding telescopes are provided at the base for viewing three different range targets; the folding telescope adopts a triangular arrangement method; at the central position where the three refractive telescopes meet, a tele telescope is provided for observing a target at a distance of 10 to 1 ten thousand meters from the ground.

10. A real-time natural weather collection system, comprising a ground information collection device and the automatically hovering MEMS sounding balloon according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a wireless communication module, wherein the automatically hovering MEMS sounding balloon is in signal connection with the ground information collection device via the wireless communication module.

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