CN115365941B - Automatic workpiece pose calibration method for optical polishing - Google Patents
Automatic workpiece pose calibration method for optical polishing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115365941B CN115365941B CN202210856327.3A CN202210856327A CN115365941B CN 115365941 B CN115365941 B CN 115365941B CN 202210856327 A CN202210856327 A CN 202210856327A CN 115365941 B CN115365941 B CN 115365941B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
- B24B13/0055—Positioning of lenses; Marking of lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/02—Bench grinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a workpiece pose automatic calibration method for optical polishing, which is characterized in that a workpiece coordinate system suitable for workpiece processing is established by discretizing modeling of a workpiece, and mark spots used for determining processing phases are marked on the edge of a surface to be processed of the workpiece; measuring the offset of the workpiece in three directions of XYZ through a probe, and then finishing offset adjustment through a workpiece pose adjusting device to enable the origin of a workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the origin of a machine tool coordinate system; capturing a mark spot on a workpiece by a camera, and enabling the coordinate values of the mass center of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system to be consistent with the coordinate values of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of the workpiece coordinate system by rotating the C axis of the machine tool; and measuring the height difference of the surface to be processed of the workpiece by the probe, calculating the inclination amounts in the XY two directions, and adjusting the inclination angle of the processing coordinate system according to the inclination amounts, so as to finish the inclination calibration of the workpiece. The automatic workpiece pose calibration method improves the efficiency and the precision of workpiece pose calibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical polishing numerical control machining, and particularly relates to an automatic workpiece pose calibration method for optical polishing.
Background
The computer controlled optical surface shaping (Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing, CCOS) technique is a precise control of the amount of polishing removed by controlling the residence time, process pressure, etc. in each motion zone by a computer. Currently, the mainstream polishing methods such as stress disc polishing, magnetorheological polishing, ion beam polishing and the like are all based on the thought of CCOS technology. The numerical control polishing machine tool based on the method needs to repeatedly carry out auxiliary processes such as surface shape detection, workpiece clamping and the like in the processing process, so that the situation that the workpiece is required to be disassembled and assembled for many times is difficult to avoid, and the calibration precision of the pose of the workpiece has important influence on the efficiency and the precision of final iteration. In the existing optical element workpiece calibration method, a plurality of links such as centering process still need manual adjustment, and the operation is complex. Meanwhile, when the workpiece is subjected to iterative processing, pose measurement errors and phase alignment errors can greatly reduce processing precision and efficiency. For example, CN202111151173X discloses a method for measuring and calculating the pose of a magnetorheological polished workpiece and a polishing method, wherein the pose information of the workpiece is measured by using a three-coordinate measuring head, and the method needs to be repeatedly measured and calculated in the execution process, so that the efficiency is low; the workpiece is still required to be manually involved in adjusting the position of the workpiece in the XY direction in the workpiece center alignment process; meanwhile, the method does not consider errors caused by phase alignment errors on workpiece posture adjustment, and higher adjustment accuracy is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic workpiece pose calibration method for optical polishing, which improves tool setting and phase alignment precision, solves the problems of complicated operation, low efficiency, poor precision and the like in the process of workpiece pose calibration, and realizes one-key, automatic, efficient, rapid and accurate calibration of workpiece poses.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a workpiece pose automatic calibration method for optical polishing, which comprises the following steps of:
1) According to the caliber of the workpiece, the shape of the projection surface, the thickness information of the workpiece and the related parameters of the general high-order aspheric surface, including the curvature radius, the aspheric surface deformation coefficient, the conic constant, the off-axis quantity and the off-axis angle, the three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the workpiece to be processed to obtain a discretized model of the workpiece to be processed; according to the discretization model, a workpiece coordinate system suitable for workpiece processing is established, and the origin of the workpiece coordinate system is the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece;
2) Marking a mark spot for determining a processing phase on the edge of a surface to be processed of the workpiece, and obtaining a coordinate of the mark spot centroid position on a workpiece coordinate system according to the discretization model;
3) Fixing the surface to be processed of a workpiece on a working table of a machine tool, taking a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system, measuring coordinate values X1 and X2 of two sides of the workpiece in the X-axis direction by a machine tool measuring needle, and calculating to obtain an offset value delta X of an origin of the machine tool coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the X-axis direction;
4) Measuring coordinate values Y1 and Y2 of two sides of a workpiece in the Y-axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle, calculating to obtain offset values deltay of an origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Y-axis direction, and controlling a machine tool workbench to respectively displace deltax and deltay along the X, Y axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system so as to enable the Z axis of the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the Z axis of the machine tool coordinate system;
5) Measuring the vertex coordinate value Z of the workpiece in the Z axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle, wherein the Z value is the offset value delta Z of the origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Z axis direction, and controlling the machine tool workbench to respectively displace delta Z along the Z axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system so as to enable the origins of the workpiece coordinate system and the machine tool coordinate system to coincide;
6) The camera is adjusted to point to the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece along the Z-axis direction, the camera is controlled to move along the X-axis direction of a machine tool coordinate system, and the moving distance of the camera is matched with the horizontal distance between the mark spot on the workpiece and the center point of the surface to be processed;
7) Driving the workpiece to rotate through a machine tool C axis, calculating the mass center of the mark spot captured by the camera after the mark spot enters the field of view of the camera, and rotating the machine tool C axis again to ensure that the coordinate values of the mass center of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are consistent with the coordinate values of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of the workpiece coordinate system;
8) Selecting two detection points a and b on a surface to be processed of a workpiece, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points a and b on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are pointsAnd (4) point->Wherein D is the diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece; measuring coordinate values Z1 and Z2 of the detection points a and b in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system respectively through a machine tool measuring needle, and enabling the coordinate values of the detection points a and b in the Z axis direction of the surface to be processed of the workpiece under the machine coordinate system to be equal through rotating the machine tool A axis;
9) Selecting two detection points c and d on a surface to be processed of a workpiece, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points c and d on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are pointsAnd (4) point->Wherein D is the diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece; coordinate values Z3 and Z4 of the detection points c and d in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system are respectively measured by a machine tool measuring needle, and coordinate values of the detection points c and d in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed are equal by rotating the machine tool B axis.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the workpiece pose automatic calibration method, a workpiece coordinate system suitable for workpiece processing is established by performing discrete modeling on a workpiece; the offset in three directions of the workpiece XYZ is measured through a probe, and then the offset adjustment is completed through a workpiece pose adjusting device to complete the workpiece center calibration; capturing the mark spots on the workpiece through a machine vision camera, accurately calculating the barycenter coordinates of the mark spots, and adjusting the rotating shaft C to finish high-precision workpiece phase calibration; the inclination amounts in the XY two directions are calculated by measuring the height difference of the surface to be processed of the workpiece through the probe, the inclination angle of the processing coordinate system is adjusted accordingly, the workpiece inclination calibration is completed, and the problems of complex operation, low automation degree, low efficiency, poor precision and the like in the workpiece pose calibration process in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pose calibration device used in the calibration method of the present invention;
in the figure: the machine tool comprises a 1-machine tool X axis, a 2-machine tool Y axis, a 3-machine tool Z axis, a 4-machine tool A axis, a 5-machine tool B axis, a 6-machine tool C axis, a 7-machine tool body, an 8-machine tool numerical control system, a 9-machine tool measuring needle, a 10-camera, a 11-workpiece and a 12-machine tool workbench.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the pose calibration device used in the present embodiment includes a machine tool including a linear shaft with a X, Y, Z spindle and a A, B, C spindle, and a machine tool stylus 9 and a camera 10;
the invention discloses a workpiece pose automatic calibration method for optical polishing, which comprises the following steps of:
1) According to the caliber of the workpiece, the shape of the projection surface, the thickness information of the workpiece and the related parameters of the general high-order aspheric surface, including the curvature radius, the aspheric surface deformation coefficient, the conic constant, the off-axis quantity and the off-axis angle, the workpiece is subjected to three-dimensional modeling to obtain a discretization model of the workpiece; according to the discretization model, a workpiece coordinate system suitable for workpiece processing is established, and the origin of the workpiece coordinate system is the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11;
2) Marking a mark spot for determining a processing phase on the edge of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11, and obtaining the coordinates of the mark spot centroid position on a workpiece coordinate system according to the discretization model;
3) Fixing the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11 on a machine tool workbench 12 upwards, taking a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system, measuring coordinate values X1 and X2 of two side surfaces of the workpiece 11 in the X-axis direction through a machine tool measuring needle, and calculating to obtain an offset value deltax of an origin of the workpiece coordinate system and an origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the X-axis direction;
4) Measuring coordinate values Y1 and Y2 of two sides of a workpiece 11 in the Y-axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle 9, calculating to obtain offset values deltay of an origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Y-axis direction, and controlling a machine tool workbench 12 to respectively displace deltax and deltay along the axis direction of a machine tool coordinate system X, Y so as to enable the Z axis of the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the Z axis of the machine tool coordinate system;
5) Measuring the vertex coordinate value Z of the workpiece 11 in the Z axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle 9, wherein the Z value is the offset value delta Z of the origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Z axis direction, and controlling the machine tool workbench 12 to respectively displace delta Z along the Z axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system so as to enable the origins of the workpiece coordinate system and the machine tool coordinate system to coincide;
6) Adjusting the camera 10 to point to the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11 along the Z-axis direction, controlling the camera 10 to move along the X-axis direction of a machine tool coordinate system, wherein the moving distance of the camera 10 is matched with the horizontal distance between the mark spot on the workpiece 11 and the center point of the surface to be processed;
7) The workpiece 11 is driven to rotate through the machine tool C-axis 6, after the mark spot enters the field of view of the camera 10, the center of mass of the mark spot captured by the camera 10 is calculated, and the machine tool C-axis 6 is rotated again, so that the coordinate values of the center of mass of the mark spot of the workpiece 11 on the X-axis and the Y-axis of the machine tool coordinate system are consistent with the coordinate values of the mark spot on the X-axis and the Y-axis of the workpiece coordinate system;
8) Selecting two detection points a and b on a surface to be processed of a workpiece 11, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points a and b on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are pointsAnd (4) point->Wherein D is the diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11; measuring coordinate values Z1 and Z2 of the detection points a and b in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system respectively through a machine tool measuring needle 9, and enabling the coordinate values of the detection points a and b of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11 in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system to be equal through rotating the machine tool A axis;
9) Selecting two detection points c and d on the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points c and d on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are pointsAnd (4) point->Wherein D isThe diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece 11; coordinate values Z3 and Z4 of the detection points c and d in the Z-axis direction under the machine coordinate system are respectively measured by the machine tool measuring needle 9, and coordinate values of the detection points c and d in the Z-axis direction under the machine coordinate system of the workpiece 11 to be processed are equal by rotating the machine tool B axis.
Claims (1)
1. The automatic workpiece pose calibration method for optical polishing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) According to the caliber of the workpiece, the shape of the projection surface, the thickness information of the workpiece and the related parameters of the general high-order aspheric surface, including the curvature radius, the aspheric surface deformation coefficient, the conic constant, the off-axis quantity and the off-axis angle, the three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the workpiece to be processed to obtain a discretized model of the workpiece to be processed; according to the discretization model, a workpiece coordinate system suitable for workpiece processing is established, and the origin of the workpiece coordinate system is the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece;
2) Marking a mark spot for determining a processing phase on the edge of a surface to be processed of the workpiece, and obtaining a coordinate of the mark spot centroid position on a workpiece coordinate system according to the discretization model;
3) Fixing the surface to be processed of a workpiece on a working table of a machine tool, taking a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system, measuring coordinate values X1 and X2 of two sides of the workpiece in the X-axis direction by a machine tool measuring needle, and calculating to obtain an offset value delta X of an origin of the machine tool coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the X-axis direction;
4) Measuring coordinate values Y1 and Y2 of two sides of a workpiece in the Y-axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle, calculating to obtain offset values deltay of an origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Y-axis direction, and controlling a machine tool workbench to respectively displace deltax and deltay along the X, Y axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system so as to enable the Z axis of the workpiece coordinate system to coincide with the Z axis of the machine tool coordinate system;
5) Measuring the vertex coordinate value Z of the workpiece in the Z axis direction by using a machine tool coordinate system as a reference system through a machine tool measuring needle, wherein the Z value is the offset value delta Z of the origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the machine tool coordinate system in the Z axis direction, and controlling the machine tool workbench to respectively displace delta Z along the Z axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system so as to enable the origins of the workpiece coordinate system and the machine tool coordinate system to coincide;
6) The camera is adjusted to point to the center point of the surface to be processed of the workpiece along the Z-axis direction, the camera is controlled to move along the X-axis direction of a machine tool coordinate system, and the moving distance of the camera is matched with the horizontal distance between the mark spot on the workpiece and the center point of the surface to be processed;
7) Driving the workpiece to rotate through a machine tool C axis, calculating the mass center of the mark spot captured by the camera after the mark spot enters the field of view of the camera, and rotating the machine tool C axis again to ensure that the coordinate values of the mass center of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are consistent with the coordinate values of the mark spot of the workpiece on the X axis and the Y axis of the workpiece coordinate system;
8) Selecting two detection points a and b on a surface to be processed of a workpiece, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points a and b on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are points aAnd point b->Wherein D is the diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece; measuring coordinate values Z1 and Z2 of the detection points a and b in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system respectively through a machine tool measuring needle, and enabling the coordinate values of the detection points a and b in the Z axis direction of the surface to be processed of the workpiece under the machine coordinate system to be equal through rotating the machine tool A axis;
9) Selecting two detection points c and d on a surface to be processed of a workpiece, wherein coordinate values of the two detection points c and d on an X axis and a Y axis of a machine tool coordinate system are points cAnd point d->Wherein D is the diameter of the surface to be processed of the workpiece; coordinate values Z3 and Z4 of the detection points c and d in the Z axis direction under the machine coordinate system are respectively measured through a machine tool measuring needle, and the detection points c and d of the surface to be processed of the workpiece are Z axis under the machine coordinate system through rotating the machine tool B axisThe coordinate values of the directions are equal.
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