CN115362962A - Method for cultivating selenium-rich stichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Method for cultivating selenium-rich stichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating selenium-rich stichopus japonicus, which belongs to the field of aquaculture, and is characterized in that selenomethionine with the concentration of 0.04-0.15mg/L is added into a stichopus japonicus cultivating water body. The stichopus japonicus is pre-marketed stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus is cultured in a selenium-rich culture water body for 3-9 days, when the stichopus japonicus is temporarily cultured in the selenium-rich culture water body, 1/2 of culture seawater is replaced every day, and selenomethionine is added after water replacement to keep the concentration unchanged. The selenium-substituted methionine is directly added into the culture water body, so that the selenium in the stichopus japonicus body wall is enriched by more than 14 mg/kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a selenium-enriched stichopus japonicus culture method of natural biological raw materials capable of supplementing selenium for a human body.
Background
Selenium is an element which can not be synthesized by human body, needs to be continuously taken from the outside, is closely related to the health of human beings, can participate in the immune regulation process in human body, and has the functions of resisting cancer, detoxifying heavy metal, preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and the like. In aquaculture, selenium has also been shown to improve the immune and antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals and reduce their mortality, but too high an intake also causes toxic symptoms in aquatic animals. At present, proper selenium supplement becomes an important means for promoting human health, improving the healthy breeding level of animals and improving the immunity and disease resistance. As a substance with both advantages and disadvantages, the form of selenium supplement and the amount of selenium supplement become a hot problem to be solved urgently at present.
Stichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus) is a tonic food with food and medicine sources, and the nutrition and medical efficacy of the stichopus japonicus are well accepted since ancient times. The stichopus japonicus belongs to high-quality stichopus japonicus with high protein, low fat, rich amino acid, fatty acid, various essential vitamins and trace elements for human bodies; the sea cucumber oral liquid contains various bioactive substances such as stichopus japonicus polysaccharide, stichopus japonicus saponin, collagen, carotenoid, lectin, active peptide, cerebroside and the like in vivo, has a series of important physiological effects of enhancing immunity, inhibiting tumors, sterilizing, diminishing inflammation, resisting viruses, resisting oxidation, resisting thrombosis, resisting Parkinson's disease, reducing blood pressure and blood fat, protecting liver, whitening skin, delaying aging and the like, and is a very beneficial aquatic food for ensuring human health and supplementing nutrition.
Insufficient selenium content in aquatic animals may lead to high mortality, slow growth, reduced feed efficiency, etc., which in turn affects the health of the organism. Stichopus japonicus is an important seafood cultivation variety in northern China, and has rich nutritive value. However, the selenium content in the live stichopus japonicus is only 200ug/kg, which is far lower than most marine products (400-1000 ug/kg) including fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of Stichopus japonicus to air during transportation can result in the production of excessive active oxygen, resulting in lipid oxidation and many diseases. Selenium has important antioxidant effect, and can protect organism from oxidative stress. Along with the development of the industry, the improvement of the production effect of stichopus japonicus culture and the nutritional value of the product by a reasonable and healthy selenium-rich technology is yet to be researched, developed and popularized.
In the prior art, selenium yeast is added into stichopus japonicus feed, the existence form of selenium in yeast selenium is complex, the selenium yeast selenium is a mixture of various selenides, and the content of inorganic selenium is possibly high. Selenium yeast is added into the stichopus japonicus feed, the stichopus japonicus feed is continuously fed for 4 weeks, the culture period is longer, and the content of the selenium which can be enriched in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus is only about 6 mg/kg.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich stichopus japonicus cultivating method, which can improve the nutritional value and the oxidation resistance of the stichopus japonicus during transportation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating selenium-rich stichopus japonicus comprises the step of adding selenomethionine with the concentration of 0.04-0.15mg/L into a stichopus japonicus cultivating water body.
Further, the stichopus japonicus is the stichopus japonicus before the stichopus japonicus comes into the market.
Further, the stichopus japonicus is cultured in the selenium-rich culture water body for 3-9 days.
Furthermore, the concentration of selenomethionine in the sea water for cultivating the stichopus japonicus is 0.15mg/L, and the stichopus japonicus is cultivated in the sea water for 6-9 days.
Further, when temporarily cultivating the stichopus japonicus in the selenium-rich cultivation water body, 1/2 of cultivation seawater is changed every day, and selenomethionine is added after water change to keep the concentration unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method takes selenomethionine as an organic selenium source to be added into the stichopus japonicus culture pond, has higher palatability and absorption rate than inorganic selenium, has high use safety and no toxicity, and does not influence the stichopus japonicus culture survival rate because the selenomethionine is added into the stichopus japonicus culture water body and temporarily cultured for less than 9 days.
According to the method, the selenomethionine is added into the aquaculture water body, so that the aquaculture water body can be recycled, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the selenium content in the stichopus japonicus selenomethionine with the concentration of 0.04mg/L added in the stichopus japonicus selenka breeding water body at different breeding times.
FIG. 2 shows the selenium content in the stichopus japonicus selenka body at different cultivation times when selenomethionine with the concentration of 0.15mg/L is added into the stichopus japonicus selenka body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Example 1:
step 1: selenomethionine was purchased from beijing largiu technologies ltd with a purity of: 98 percent of;
and 2, step: preparing 24 20L culture ponds, placing the culture ponds indoors, controlling the indoor temperature at 22 ℃, dredging the culture ponds before putting the stichopus japonicus, and soaking the stichopus japonicus for 48 hours by using chlorine dioxide (the concentration is 50 mg/L) for disinfection treatment;
and 3, step 3: filtering and sterilizing seawater, filling the seawater into the culture pond, and controlling the temperature of the seawater to be as follows: 21. + -. 1 ℃ pH:8.0, salinity: 31 Aerating for 24 hours, wherein seawater in the culture pond does not circulate in the culture period;
and 4, step 4: transferring cultured Stichopus japonicus (80-130 g) to prepared culture pond, controlling culture density to place 6 heads of Stichopus japonicus in each 20L culture pond, temporarily culturing for 48h, not feeding during temporary culture, and replacing 1/2 seawater in each culture pond after temporary culture period;
and 5: the treatment concentrations were set as in table 1 using an equal log interval method with-0.68 to 1.51 divided into 7 equal portions to obtain 8 numbers, and the 8 numbers were used as indices and the base 10. Each group was filled with 6 stichopus japonicus, 8 treatment groups were used, and each treatment group was repeated 3 times;
step 6: the aeration and bait feeding are the same as those of the modern technology in the culture process, 1/2 of water is changed every day, and selenomethionine is added after the water is changed to keep the concentration unchanged;
and 7: continuously observing the state of the stichopus japonicus, selecting dead individuals, and recording the number of the stichopus japonicus in 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 h. By adopting a probability analysis method, linear regression equations are obtained to estimate the semi-lethal concentrations (LC 50) of 24h, 48h, 72h and 96 h. The safe concentration (MATC) was calculated by multiplying 96h of LC50 by the application factor (AF = 0.05) (table 2).
TABLE 1 survival rates of 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h for Stichopus japonicus
TABLE 2 Linear regression equation of memory rate of 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h for Stichopus japonicus
Example 2:
step 1: selenomethionine was purchased from beijing largiu technologies ltd with a purity of: 98 percent of;
step 2: preparing a 120L culture pond in a shady and cool area, controlling the indoor temperature at 22 ℃, dredging the culture pond before putting the stichopus japonicus, and soaking the culture pond for 48 hours by using chlorine dioxide (the concentration is 50 mg/L) for disinfection treatment;
and step 3: filtering and sterilizing seawater, filling the seawater into the culture pond, and controlling the temperature of the seawater to be as follows: 21. + -. 1 ℃ pH:8.0, salinity: 31 24h, aerating, and not circulating the seawater in the culture pond during culture;
and 4, step 4: transferring cultured Stichopus japonicus (80-130 g) to prepared culture pond, controlling culture density, placing 40 heads of Stichopus japonicus in each culture pond, temporarily culturing for 48h, not feeding during temporarily culturing, and replacing 1/2 seawater after temporarily culturing;
and 5: according to example 1, a safe concentration was selected for selenium enrichment of stichopus japonicus. Adding 0.04mg/L selenomethionine into seawater, replacing 1/2 of water every day, adding selenomethionine after water replacement to keep the concentration unchanged, and performing aeration and bait casting in the culture process by the modern technology;
step 6: taking 5 stichopus japonicus selenka heads out after 3 days, 6 days and 9 days of culture, cleaning the body surface, removing selenium attached to the body surface, removing internal organs of the stichopus japonicus selenka, drying, grinding, and measuring the content of selenium in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus selenka by using GB5009.268-2016 (first method). The selenium content in the body wall of normal Stichopus japonicus (5 heads) of the existing culture technology is used as a control group, and the same method is adopted to determine the selenium content in the body wall of Stichopus japonicus.
The results of the measurements (averaged) are shown in FIG. 1 below:
the results show that:
the selenium content in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus control group in example 2 of the invention is 2.38mg/kg (dry weight), the selenium content in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus is gradually increased along with the increase of enrichment days, and the saturation state of the stichopus japonicus control group is 5.18mg/kg (dry weight) on the 6 th day.
Example 3:
the method is the same as the example 2, except that 0.15mg/L selenomethionine is added into the seawater, and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus can be ensured to be 100% under the concentration.
The results of the measurements (averaged) are shown in FIG. 2:
the results show that:
the selenium content in the stichopus japonicus control body wall in the embodiment 3 is 2.38mg/kg (dry weight), the selenium content in the stichopus japonicus control body wall gradually increases along with the increase of enrichment days, the selenium content is in a slow rising trend on the 6 th to 9 th days, and the stichopus japonicus control body wall reaches a saturation state of 14.55mg/kg (dry weight) on the 9 th day.
Example 4:
step 1: the stichopus japonicus collected for 9 days in the example 2 and the example 3 are respectively put into normal culture seawater for culture, and the aeration and the bait casting in the culture process are the same as the prior art;
step 2: respectively taking out 5 stichopus japonicus selenka heads on the 5 th day of cultivation, cleaning the body surface, removing selenium attached to the body surface, removing internal organs of the stichopus japonicus selenka, drying, grinding, and measuring the content of selenium in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus selenka by using GB5009.268-2016 (first method).
The results show that:
in example 2, the stichopus japonicus selenka cultured for 9 days also contains 4.3mg/kg (average) of selenium in the stichopus japonicus selenka body wall after being cultured in normal culture seawater for 5 days;
in example 3, the stichopus japonicus selenka cultured for 9 days further contained 11mg/kg (average) of selenium in the stichopus japonicus selenka body wall after being cultured in the normal culture seawater for 5 days.
The invention provides a method for cultivating selenium-enriched stichopus japonicus, which adds selenomethionine into cultivation seawater to enable the concentration of selenium in the seawater to reach 0.15 mg/blood/seatLThe enrichment effect is best. The selenium content in the stichopus japonicus body wall increases along with the increase of the culture days, the selenium content reaches the saturated enrichment amount of 14.55mg/kg (dry weight) when the selenium content is enriched to the 6 th to 9 th days, and the selenium content in the stichopus japonicus body wall can not increase along with the increase of the enrichment days after the selenium content reaches the saturated enrichment amount. After the stichopus japonicus enriched with selenium is cultured in normal seawater for 5 days, the selenium content in the body wall of the stichopus japonicus can still reach 11mg/kg (dry weight), and the fact that the selenium enriched by the stichopus japonicus exists on the body surface of the stichopus japonicus is proved by directly adding selenomethionine into the seawater. The method has the advantages of simple operation, small dosage, quick effect, short period and good enrichment effect, and has great popularization value for the cultured stichopus japonicus to be on the market.
Claims (5)
1. The method for cultivating the selenium-rich stichopus japonicus is characterized in that selenomethionine with the concentration of 0.04-0.15mg/L is added into a stichopus japonicus cultivating water body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the apostichopus japonicus selenka is a pre-marketed apostichopus japonicus selenka.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stichopus japonicus is cultivated in the selenium-rich aquaculture water for 3-9 days.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of selenomethionine in the sea water for stichopus japonicus cultivation is 0.15mg/L, and the sea water is cultivated in the sea water for 6-9 days.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when temporarily cultivating Stichopus japonicus in selenium-rich aquaculture water, 1/2 of aquaculture seawater is replaced daily, and selenomethionine is added after water replacement to keep the concentration unchanged.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006061107A (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Higashimaru Co Ltd | Parasitic disease inhibitor, feed for marine cultured fishes and method for preventing parasitic disease of marine cultured fishes |
| CN102771674A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | Organic selenium-rich sea cucumber feed |
| CN113325105A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for detecting selenomethionine in selenium-enriched fish |
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 CN CN202211162812.7A patent/CN115362962A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006061107A (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Higashimaru Co Ltd | Parasitic disease inhibitor, feed for marine cultured fishes and method for preventing parasitic disease of marine cultured fishes |
| CN102771674A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | Organic selenium-rich sea cucumber feed |
| CN113325105A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for detecting selenomethionine in selenium-enriched fish |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 周海鸥主编: "《90年代最新海水养殖技术》", 31 March 1990, 青岛市出版局, pages: 459 - 465 * |
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