CN115356038A

CN115356038A - Calibration device and method for torque sensor

Info

Publication number: CN115356038A
Application number: CN202210988100.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张贵民; 沈建奇
Original assignee: Shanghai Shunte Automobile Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Shunte Automobile Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-17
Filing date: 2022-08-17
Publication date: 2022-11-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-17

Abstract

The invention relates to a calibration device and a method of a torque sensor, wherein the calibration device comprises a speed reducer, a torque loading mechanism and a standard torque sensor, wherein the input end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the torque loading mechanism, and the output end of the speed reducer is rigidly connected with one end of the standard torque sensor; the other end of the standard torque sensor is used for being rigidly connected with a torque sensor to be calibrated; the torque loading mechanism is configured to enable stepless loading and unloading of torque. The invention can meet the calibration of torque sensors with various specifications, has high applicability and small occupied space, and can realize online and offline calibration.

Description

Calibration device and method for torque sensor

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of torque sensors, and particularly relates to a calibration device and method of a torque sensor.

Background

In the industries of automobiles, trains, aerospace, heavy ship industry and the like and the field of various testing equipment, the torque sensor is an important monitoring tool, constantly monitors the running state of equipment and ensures the safe running of the equipment.

The existing torque sensor calibration methods mainly comprise 3 methods:

the 1 st: weight calibration method

One end of a torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the support so as to be incapable of rotating, and the other end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is rigidly connected with the cantilever. Two ends of the cantilever are respectively hung with a tray. The sensor to be calibrated is connected with the signal processor and the calibration software through a signal line. Taking the clockwise direction scaling as an example: and independently placing weights with certain mass into the tray, comparing and analyzing the actual torque value with the torque reading value of the torque sensor to be calibrated to finish calibration, wherein the actual torque value is = weight mass 9.8 moment arm length. The counterclockwise calibration is the reverse of the clockwise calibration operation described above.

The weight calibration method is more practical for a small-range torque sensor. If the cantilever is in a large measuring range, such as 4000Nm, and if the length of the cantilever is 1m, a force of 4000N, namely a weight of about 400Kg needs to be loaded on one side during calibration, so that the structure is heavy. Meanwhile, a large operation space is needed, and the sensor is generally required to be detached from the equipment to perform torque calibration work in a special place. In addition, in the calibration process, along with the stacking of the weights one by one, the torque value is in a step-type rising manner, and the torque is not in a stepless loading manner.

The 2 nd: force sensor reference method

One end of a torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the fixed seat so as to be incapable of rotating, and the other end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is rigidly connected with the cantilever. The sensor to be calibrated is connected with the signal processor and the calibration software through a signal line. The two ends of the cantilever are respectively provided with a thread loading mechanism, and the thread loading mechanism shortens the length in a thread screwing mode to achieve the purpose of generating tension. The force sensor is connected in series in the thread loading mechanism and used for measuring the tensile force generated by the thread loading mechanism. Wherein the thread loading mechanism can be replaced by a force application mechanism such as a hydraulic cylinder and the like according to requirements.

Taking the clockwise direction scaling as an example: the left threaded loading mechanism is disconnected with the force sensor and the cantilever, the force sensor starts to read a tension value by rotating the right threaded loading mechanism, the actual torque value at the moment is = the value of the force sensor x the length of the force arm, and the actual torque value is compared and analyzed with the torque read value of the torque sensor to be calibrated to finish calibration. The counterclockwise calibration is the reverse of the clockwise calibration operation described above.

And (3) a step of: reference method for standard torque sensor

The standard torque sensor reference method is to connect a calibrated standard torque sensor and a torque sensor to be calibrated in series, apply torque to the standard torque sensor and the torque sensor to be calibrated simultaneously through the thread loading mechanism or the force application mechanism such as the hydraulic cylinder, and the torque reading value of the standard torque sensor and the torque reading value of the torque sensor to be calibrated are compared and analyzed to finish calibration.

The 2 nd and 3 rd calibration methods have a common disadvantage in that they are difficult to control with accurate torque values when loaded. With the thread loading mechanism, when the thread rotates, the value of the force sensor can change very fast, and people can hardly stabilize the value of the force sensor or the standard torque sensor at a desired accurate value through the operation of a wrench. The use of force applying mechanisms such as a hydraulic cylinder and the like also has the problem of difficult control, for example, the thrust of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by using a hand pressure pump, and the thrust value cannot be accurately controlled by the operation of hands. If a servo hydraulic system is used for feedback control, the system is complex in design, and requires large investment cost and large occupied space.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a calibration device and a calibration method for a torque sensor, which aim to solve the problems. Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

according to an aspect of the present invention, a calibration apparatus for a torque sensor is provided, which may include a speed reducer, a torque loading mechanism, and a standard torque sensor, wherein an input end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the torque loading mechanism, and an output end of the speed reducer is rigidly connected to one end of the standard torque sensor; the other end of the standard torque sensor is used for being rigidly connected with a torque sensor to be calibrated; the torque loading mechanism is configured to enable stepless loading and unloading of torque.

In a preferred embodiment, the torque loading mechanism comprises a hand wheel loading mechanism, a screw rod loading mechanism and two one-way mechanisms with opposite actions, the hand wheel loading mechanism and the screw rod loading mechanism can both drive the rotating shaft to rotate in two directions so as to realize loading and unloading of torque, and the two one-way mechanisms act on the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft can realize clockwise rotation, anticlockwise rotation, two-way rotation and rotation prohibition.

In a preferred embodiment, the handwheel loading mechanism comprises a handwheel fixed at the end of the rotating shaft; the screw loading mechanism comprises a gear, a rack and a screw, wherein the gear is fixed on the rotating shaft, the rack can move linearly and is meshed with the gear, and the screw is in driving connection with the rack so as to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.

In a preferred embodiment, the screw loading mechanism further includes a bearing seat, a pin seat and a bolt, the bearing seat is fixed on the gear through a bolt, a rolling bearing is installed in the bearing seat, the rolling bearing and the gear are coaxial and sleeved on the rotating shaft, the pin seat is fixed on the bearing seat and provided with a pin hole, the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of radial through holes, and the bolt can penetrate through the pin hole and be inserted into the radial through holes.

In a preferred embodiment, the screw loading mechanism further comprises a linear guide and a plurality of sliders, the plurality of sliders are spaced apart and slidably engaged on the linear guide, the rack is fixed on the plurality of sliders, and one end of the screw is fixedly connected to the rack.

In a preferred embodiment, the rack is fixed on the sliding blocks through a plurality of transition blocks, and one end of the screw is in driving connection with the nearest transition block.

In a preferred embodiment, the one-way mechanism comprises a one-way bearing, a clamping ring, a locked-rotor pin seat and a locked-rotor pin, wherein the inner ring of the one-way bearing is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, the clamping ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the one-way bearing and provided with a plurality of clamping grooves, the locked-rotor pin seat is provided with a pin hole, and the clamping ring cannot rotate when the locked-rotor pin passes through the pin hole and is inserted into the clamping grooves.

In a preferred embodiment, the shaft is rotatably supported by two bearing and bearing housing assemblies, wherein the gears of the two one-way mechanisms and the screw loading mechanism are disposed between the two bearing and bearing housing assemblies.

In a preferred embodiment, the input end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through a first coupler, and the output end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the standard torque sensor through a transfer flange, a first transition flange, a second coupler and a second transition flange in sequence.

In a preferred embodiment, the calibration device further comprises a blocking rotary seat, and two ends of the torque sensor to be calibrated are respectively and rigidly connected with the blocking rotary seat and the standard torque sensor.

In a preferred embodiment, the stator of the torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the sensor mounting seat through a bolt, one end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the blocking rotary seat through a fixing flange, and the other end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is rigidly connected with the standard torque sensor through a connecting flange.

In a preferred embodiment, the standard torque sensor is used for being butted with a sample piece butting flange in a dynamometer bench so as to perform online calibration on the torque sensor to be calibrated, which is installed on the dynamometer bench.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a calibration method of a torque sensor is further provided, wherein the calibration method comprises the following steps:

providing a calibration device of the torque sensor;

rigidly connecting the torque sensor to be calibrated with the standard torque sensor;

carrying out torque loading and unloading on the torque sensor to be calibrated and the standard torque sensor through the torque loading mechanism according to corresponding standards;

and calibrating by comparing the detection values of the standard torque sensor and the torque sensor to be calibrated.

In the preferred embodiment, the torque loading and unloading process includes the following three forms:

the 1 st: slowly loading from 0Nm to 100% rated torque, and keeping at least 30 seconds at a 100% rated torque point; then slowly unloading from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and the process of loading and unloading does not need to be stopped;

the 2 nd: loading nine calibration points step by step from 0Nm to 100% rated torque, keeping the 100% rated torque point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording; then, unloading nine calibration points step by step from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, keeping the 0Nm point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording;

and (3) a step of: gradually loading nine calibration points from 0Nm to 100 percent of rated torque, keeping the 100 percent of rated torque point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording; then slowly unloading from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and the unloading process does not need to be stopped;

in the slow loading and unloading process, 0Nm-80% of rated torque is loaded and unloaded through a hand wheel loading mechanism, and 80-100% of rated torque is loaded and unloaded through a screw rod loading mechanism; and for step-by-step loading and unloading, a screw loading mechanism is used for torque loading and unloading in the whole process.

The invention utilizes the speed reduction and torque increase effect of the speed reducer to amplify smaller driving torque into required calibration large torque through the speed reducer, and simultaneously can meet the calibration of torque sensors with various specifications through the stepless regulation torque loading mechanism, has high applicability and small occupied space, and can realize online and offline calibration.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a calibration arrangement for a torque sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a torque loading mechanism of the calibration arrangement of the torque sensor shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hand wheel loading mechanism, a one-way mechanism, and a portion of a screw loading mechanism of the torque loading mechanism shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the hand wheel loading mechanism, the one-way mechanism and a portion of the screw loading mechanism shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hand wheel loading mechanism, one-way mechanism and a portion of the screw loading mechanism shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a rack screw assembly of the screw loading mechanism of the torque loading mechanism shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the calibration device of the torque sensor shown in FIG. 1 for on-line calibration;

FIG. 8 is another perspective view of the calibration arrangement of the torque sensor shown in FIG. 1 for on-line calibration.

In the figure: 1. a base; 11. mounting grooves; 2. a speed reducer; 20. a reducer base; 3. a torque loading mechanism; 31. a rotating shaft; 311 _、 A through hole; 32. a support; 33. a hand wheel loading mechanism; 331. a hand wheel; 34. A screw loading mechanism; 340. a gear; 341. a screw; 342. a rack; 343. a bearing seat; 344. a pin boss; 345. a bolt; 346. a linear guide rail; 347. a slider; 348. a transition block; 349. a stopper; 3410. A fixed block; 3411. the ball head is hinged; 34112. an internal thread seat; 34111. an externally threaded rod; 3412. a threaded post; 3413. a leg; 35. a first one-way mechanism; 35' and a second one-way mechanism; 351. a one-way bearing; 352. a collar; 3521. a card slot; 353. a locked-rotor pin seat; 3531. a pin hole; 354. blocking the rotating pin; 355. A first key; 356. a retainer ring; 357. a second key; 358. a spacer ring; 36. a bearing and bearing block assembly; 37. A fixing plate; 4. a standard torque sensor; 41. a transition flange; 42. a second coupling; 43. a transfer flange; 5. plugging the swivel seat; 6. a torque sensor to be calibrated; 61. a rotor; 62. a stator; 63. a fixed flange; 64. a sensor mount; 65. a connecting flange; 7. a signal processor; 8. a computer; 9. a first coupling; 100. a dynamometer; 101. a base plate; 102. a torque sensor to be calibrated; 103. a sensor mount; 104. a transfer flange; 105. a coupling; 106. an intermediate shaft; 107. a middle shaft base; 108. Butting the sample piece with the flange; 200. a dynamometer; 201. a base plate; 202. a torque sensor to be calibrated; 203. a sensor mount; 204. and (5) butting the sample piece with the flange.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to more clearly understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various disclosed embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details. In other instances, well-known devices, structures and techniques associated with this application may not be shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments.

Throughout the specification and claims, the word "comprise" and variations thereof, such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to have an open, inclusive meaning, i.e., will be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to", unless the context requires otherwise.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In the following description, for the purposes of clearly illustrating the structure and operation of the present invention, directional terms are used, but the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inward", "upper", "lower", etc. should be interpreted as words of convenience and should not be interpreted as limiting terms.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in this application will be understood to be a specific case for those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to fig. 1, a calibration apparatus for a torque sensor according to the present invention is described. The calibration device can comprise a base 1, a speed reducer 2, a torque loading mechanism 3, a standard torque sensor 4 and a locked rotor base 5. The blocking and rotating seat 5 is fixed on the base 1 through bolts, and a rotor 61 of the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated is fixed on the blocking and rotating seat 5 through a fixing flange 63. The sensor mounting seat 64 is fixed on the base 1 through bolts, and the stator 62 of the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated is fixed on the sensor mounting seat 64 through bolts. The rotor 61 of the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated is rigidly connected to the standard torque sensor 4 using a connecting flange 65 and corresponding fastening screws. The standard torque sensor 4 is butted with an output shaft of the speed reducer 2 through two transition flanges 41, a second coupling 42 and a switching flange 43. Among them, the transition flange 41 near the speed reducer 2 is called a first transition flange; the transition flange 41 on the side close to the standard torque sensor 4 is referred to as the second transition flange. The speed reducer 2 is fixed on the base 1 through a speed reducer base 20. The torque loading mechanism 3 is fixed on the base 1 through a bolt, and a rotating shaft 31 of the torque loading mechanism is butted with an input shaft of the speed reducer 2 through a first coupling 9. The standard torque sensor 4 and the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated are respectively in communication connection with a computer 8 provided with calibration software through corresponding signal processors 7. The torque loading mechanism 3 is configured to realize stepless loading and unloading of torque, so as to realize calibration of the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated.

The method uses the standard torque sensor 4 to calibrate the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated, connects the standard torque sensor 4 and the torque sensor 6 to be calibrated in series, and applies a certain torque to the torque sensor 4 and the torque sensor 6 through the torque loading mechanism 3, the speed reducer and other devices at the same time, and the torque applied to the two torque sensors is the same. And comparing and analyzing the torque reading value of the standard torque sensor and the torque reading value of the torque sensor to be calibrated through calibration software to perform subsequent calibration work.

Due to the speed reduction and torque increase effects of the speed reducer 2, a relatively small driving torque can be amplified to a required large calibration torque through the speed reducer, so that the torque loading mechanism 3 can be operated manually and can be suitable for calibrating torque sensors of various specifications, and particularly for calibrating torque sensors with large rated torque (for example, 4000 Nm), the advantages are more prominent.

The base 1 may be generally formed by processing a metal plate (e.g., 45 steel plate, etc.), and a plurality of mounting grooves 11 are formed thereon for mounting and fixing other components. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of mounting slots 11 are evenly spaced apart and extend in a lengthwise direction. The cross section of the mounting groove 11 is in a shape of a Chinese character 'tu', namely, the mounting groove is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, so that the mounting and the fixing of other parts are facilitated.

The structure of the reducer 2 is well known and will not be described here. The reduction ratio of the reduction gear 2 can usually be 100 or more. In one embodiment, the reduction ratio of the reducer 2 is 160. That is, when 4000Nm of torque is to be calibrated, only 25Nm of torque needs to be applied, which is very easy to achieve by manual operation.

The specific structure of the torque loading mechanism 3 is described in detail below. As shown in fig. 2, the torque loading mechanism 3 includes a support 32, a hand wheel loading mechanism 33, a screw loading mechanism 34, and two one-way mechanisms (i.e., a first one-way mechanism 35 and a second one-way mechanism 35'). The support 32 is fixed to the base 1 by bolts. The support 32 may be constructed from a plurality of aluminum profiles. The hand wheel loading mechanism 33 and the screw rod loading mechanism 34 are respectively fixed on the support 32 through bolts. The two bearing and bearing block assemblies 36 are fixed to the two fixing plates 37 using bolts, respectively, and the two fixing plates 37 are fixed to the support 32 using bolts, respectively. The bearing and bearing seat assembly 36 comprises a bearing seat and a rolling bearing contained in the bearing seat, the rotating shaft 31 can be rotatably supported through the two bearing and bearing seat assemblies 36, and the two bearing and bearing seat assemblies 36 and the rotating shaft 31 can be axially fixed through the two retainer rings. The handwheel loading mechanism 33 and the screw rod loading mechanism 34 are both configured to drive the rotating shaft 31 to rotate bidirectionally so as to realize the loading and unloading of torque. The two unidirectional mechanisms have opposite effects, one of which enables the rotating shaft 31 to rotate only clockwise, and the other enables the rotating shaft 31 to rotate only anticlockwise. Therefore, the two one-way mechanisms act on the rotating shaft 31, so that the rotating shaft 31 can realize clockwise rotation, counterclockwise rotation, bidirectional rotation, and rotation inhibition.

As shown in fig. 3-6, the handwheel loading mechanism 33 includes a handwheel 331, the handwheel 331 being secured to the end of the shaft 31 using keys and a retaining ring. The rotation shaft 31 can be rotated by the hand wheel 331. The screw loading mechanism 34 includes a gear 340, a screw 341, and a rack 342, wherein the gear 340 is fixed on the rotating shaft 31, and the rack 342 is linearly movable and engaged with the gear 340. Specifically, the rack 342 is slidably mounted on the support 32 in the longitudinal direction, below the gear 340. The screw 341 is mounted on the support 32 and is drivingly connected to the rack 342 to rotate the rotating shaft 31. Specifically, the gear 340, the bearing seat 343, and the pin seat 344 are fixed integrally by bolts. The bearing seat 343 contains a rolling bearing therein and is mounted on the rotating shaft 31, so that the gear 340 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 31 to rotate. The flange surface of the bearing seat 343 is racetrack shaped. The pin seat 344 is a rectangular block and is formed with a pin hole, and a plurality of through holes 311 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc.) are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 31. The plug 345 may be inserted into the through hole 311 through the pin hole of the pin holder 344. The plug 345 is a steel ball quick-release pin. When the steel ball quick-release pin penetrates through the through hole 311, the steel ball at the head of the steel ball quick-release pin is exposed, so that the steel ball quick-release pin can be prevented from falling off due to gravity when rotating. When the latch 345 is inserted, the gear 340 can rotate with the rotating shaft 31, and when the latch 345 is pulled out, the gear 340 cannot drive the rotating shaft 31 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 31 cannot drive the gear 340 to rotate.

The two one-way mechanisms have the same structure, and the first one-way mechanism 35 (i.e., the one-way mechanism distant from the gear 340) will be described below as an example. The one-way mechanism comprises a one-way bearing 351, a clamping ring 352, a locked-rotor pin seat 353 and a locked-rotor pin 354, wherein a plurality of (for example, 4, 6, 8 and the like) clamping grooves 3521 are machined on the outer circumferential part of the clamping ring 352, meanwhile, 2 retainer ring grooves and key grooves are machined on the inner hole of the clamping ring 352, the key grooves on the outer ring of the one-way bearing 351 and the key grooves on the inner hole of the clamping ring 352 are aligned and installed, a first key 355 is plugged in the key grooves, and then two retainer rings 356 are respectively fixed on two sides of the one-way bearing 351. At this time, the retainer 352 is fixed to the outer race of the one-way bearing 351 and can rotate with the outer race of the one-way bearing 351. The outer race of the one-way bearing 351 is rotatable relative to its inner race, but is only allowed to rotate in one direction, the other direction being locked. The one-way bearing 351 is also splined on the inner ring, and the two assembled one-way mechanisms are fixed on the rotating shaft 31 in opposite directions by the second key 357, so that one-way mechanism (for example, the first one-way mechanism 35) allows the collar 352 to rotate clockwise (not to rotate counterclockwise) and the other one-way mechanism (for example, the second one-way mechanism 35') allows the collar 352 to rotate counterclockwise (not to rotate clockwise). The rotation blocking pin seat 353 is fixed on the support 32 through a bolt and is provided with two pin holes 3531, and the two pin holes 3531 are respectively aligned with the clamping grooves 3521 of the clamping rings 352 of the two one-way mechanisms. Therefore, the two rotation blocking pins 354 can be inserted into the locking grooves 3521 of the two unidirectional mechanisms through the corresponding pin holes 3531 of the rotation blocking pin seats 353 respectively. In this embodiment, the two unidirectional mechanisms share one locked-rotor pin boss 353. It should be understood that both one-way mechanisms may also be provided with a locked-rotor pin boss each. During the use, can block in the draw-in groove 3521 that two single-way mechanism correspond with stifled commentaries on classics round pin 354 respectively as required to realize following four kinds of functions:

the first method comprises the following steps: the rotation blocking pins 354 of the two one-way mechanisms (i.e., the first one-way mechanism 35 and the second one-way mechanism 35') are pulled out, and at this time, the handwheel 331 and the rotating shaft 31 can freely rotate in both the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction, i.e., a two-way free state.

And the second method comprises the following steps: the rotation blocking pin 354 of the first one-way mechanism 35 is inserted into the slot, and the rotation blocking pin 354 of the second one-way mechanism 35' is pulled out. At this time, the handwheel 331 and the rotating shaft 31 can not rotate clockwise, but can rotate counterclockwise, i.e. counterclockwise one-way free state.

And the third is that: the rotation blocking pin 354 of the second one-way mechanism 35' is inserted into the slot, and the rotation blocking pin 354 of the first one-way mechanism 35 is pulled out. At this time, the hand wheel 331 and the rotating shaft 31 can only rotate clockwise, but cannot rotate counterclockwise, i.e. a clockwise one-way free state.

And fourthly: the two rotation blocking pins 354 are respectively clamped in the clamping grooves corresponding to the first one-way mechanism 35 and the second one-way mechanism 35'. At this time, the hand wheel 331 and the hand wheel of the rotating shaft 31 can not rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, that is, the two-way complete locking state is achieved.

In addition, spacer rings 358 are installed between the two one-way mechanisms (i.e., the first one-way mechanism 35 and the second one-way mechanism 35') and on both sides thereof, respectively, to limit axial movement thereof on the rotating shaft 31.

As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the screw loading mechanism 34 further includes a linear guide 346, a slider 347, a transition block 348, a stopper 349, and a fixed block 3410. In which the linear guide 346 is fixed to the holder 32 by bolts. 3 sliders 347 are mounted in spaced relation to the linear guide 346. The slider 347 is free to slide on the linear guide 346. It should be understood that the number of the sliders 347 is not limited to 3, and may be set according to the length of the rack gear 342. The rack 342 is secured to a slider 347 by a transition block 348 and associated bolt. This corresponds to the rack gear 342 being able to slide freely on the linear guide 346. It should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the transition block 348 may be omitted and the rack 342 may be secured directly to the slider 347. The stopper 349 is fixed to the holder 32 by a bolt near one end of the linear guide 346, and prevents the slider 347 from falling off. In some embodiments, the stops 349 may be omitted or fixed directly to the ends of the linear guide 346 or formed directly to the ends of the linear guide 346. The fixing block 3410 is fixed to the holder 32 near the other end of the linear guide 346 by a bolt.

One end of the screw 341 is drivingly connected to the nearest transition block 348 through a ball joint 3411, and the other end has an external hexagonal bolt head structure to facilitate the wrench to be clamped thereon. The surface of the screw 341 has a right-hand full thread. The externally threaded rod on ball joint 3411 is threaded into a corresponding threaded hole on transition block 348 and tightened. The threaded post 3412 is secured to the mounting block 3410 by a leg 3413. Specifically, the threaded post 3412 has a through internal threaded hole with cylindrical bosses at each end. The legs 3413 are provided with circular holes for receiving cylindrical bosses at opposite ends of the threaded post 3412. The pair of legs 3413 are fixed to the fixing block 3410 by bolts and nuts. The threaded post 3412 is threaded onto the threaded shaft 341, and the external threads on the threaded shaft 341 are threaded into the internally threaded socket 34112 on the ball joint 3411 and tightened by a nut. The externally threaded rod 34111 in the ball joint 3411 is stationary relative to the transition block 348 and the internally threaded seat 34112 is rotatable relative to the externally threaded rod 34111.

After the installation is completed, the rack 342 moves along the linear guide 346 by rotating the screw 341, specifically: when the screw 341 rotates clockwise, the rack 342 moves away from the fixed block 3410; when the screw 341 rotates counterclockwise, the rack 342 moves in a direction to approach the fixed block 3410. The rack 342 is engaged with the pinion 340 to form a rack and pinion pair. The linear motion of the rack gear 342 may be converted into a rotational motion of the gear 340.

The fixed connection between each part of the structure is realized by matching bolts and screw holes, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient. It should be understood that other means of secure attachment between the components may be used, such as welding, snapping, etc., as is known to those skilled in the art.

The following describes a calibration method of the torque sensor calibration apparatus of the present invention. The calibration method comprises the following steps:

providing a calibration device of the torque sensor;

According to the requirements of 'JJG 557 Standard Torque Meter verification Specification': the torque sensor needs to be calibrated in two directions, and each direction is at least calibrated at nine points in 0% -100% of rated torque.

In accordance with DIN 51309Materials testing mechanisms-Calibration of static torque measuring devices requirements: nine points of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 100% of the nominal torque value are typically selected. For example, 4000Nm is used, and nine torque values of 0Nm, 400Nm, 800Nm, 1200Nm, 1600Nm, 2000Nm, 2400Nm, 3200Nm, and 4000Nm are selected for calibration.

According to the requirements of 'JJG 557 Standard Torque Meter verification Specification': at the time of calibration in one direction, the torque sensor needs to be loaded several times and in different forms from 0Nm to 100% of the rated torque and unloaded from 100% of the rated torque to 0Nm.

The torque loading and unloading forms are divided into three types:

the 1 st: slowly loading from 0Nm to 100 percent of rated torque, and keeping at least 30 seconds at a 100 percent of rated torque point; and then slowly unloading from 100 percent of rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and a pause is not needed in the process of loading and unloading.

The 2 nd: loading nine calibration points step by step from 0Nm to 100% rated torque, keeping the 100% rated torque point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording; and then, gradually unloading nine calibration points from 100 percent rated torque to 0Nm, keeping the calibration points at the 0Nm point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping each other for recording.

And (3) type: loading nine calibration points step by step from 0Nm to 100% rated torque, keeping the 100% rated torque point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording; then slowly unloading from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and no pause is needed in the unloading process.

In the calibration process, the torsional rigidity of the transmission shafting of the equipment is considered, if the torsional deformation of the shafting is 1 degree when the calibration reaches 4000Nm, the input end of the speed reducer needs to rotate 160 degrees due to the speed reduction effect of the speed reducer. If the pitch circle of the gear 340 is 120mm, the arc length corresponding to 160 degrees is the moving distance of the rack 342, which is about 167.5mm. Assuming a pitch of 1.75mm for the screw 341, a movement of 167.5mm corresponds to approximately 96 rotations of the screw 341.

The following detailed description is given by taking a clockwise loading process as an example, and the specific operations corresponding to the three loading and unloading modes are respectively as follows:

1, operation steps of:

the first step is as follows: the bolt 345 is pulled out to enable the gear 340 to be in a slipping state, and the gear 340 is limited by the rack 342 and cannot rotate when the hand wheel 331 is rotated.

The second step: the rotation blocking pin of the first one-way mechanism 35 is pulled out, and the rotation blocking pin of the second one-way mechanism 35' is inserted. At this time, the handwheel 331 can only rotate clockwise, but not counterclockwise.

The third step: and (3) clockwise rotating the hand wheel 331 until the standard torque sensor 4 reaches 80% rated torque, namely, reading value of about 3200Nm, loosening the hand wheel 331, wherein the second step is effective, and the hand wheel 331 cannot rotate anticlockwise due to the torque in the transmission shaft system.

The fourth step: the screw 341 is rotated to move the rack 342 linearly, the rack 342 is moved and simultaneously drives the gear 340 to rotate, and when the pin hole on the pin seat 344 is aligned with the through hole 311 on the rotating shaft 31, the plug 345 is inserted to ensure that the plug 345 penetrates through the through hole 311, thereby preventing the plug 345 from falling off in the subsequent operation process.

The fifth step: when the screw 341 is slightly rotated counterclockwise, the pressure between the rotation blocking pin of the second one-way mechanism 35 'and the locking groove is released, the rotation blocking pin of the second one-way mechanism 35' is pulled out, and at this time, the rack 342 prevents the rotating shaft 31 from rotating counterclockwise through the gear 340.

And a sixth step: the screw 341 continues to be turned counterclockwise until the standard torque sensor 4 reads 100% of the nominal torque, 4000Nm, and is held for at least 30 seconds. Because the loading is realized through the screw thread, the rack 342 can realize the movement of micro displacement, and the accurate loading of 4000Nm can be realized.

The seventh step: when the screw 341 is rotated clockwise, the rack 342 moves to drive the gear 340 to rotate counterclockwise, and meanwhile, the reading value of the standard torque sensor begins to fall, and the screw 341 continues to be rotated clockwise until the standard torque sensor reaches 80% of the rated torque, namely, the reading value is about 3200 Nm.

Eighth step: one operator holds the hand wheel 331 steady by hand and the other operator pulls the pin 345.

The ninth step: the handwheel 331 is slowly rotated counterclockwise until the standard torque sensor is fully unloaded to a reading of 0Nm for at least 30 seconds.

Description of the invention:

because the loading and unloading processes in the 1 st torque loading form are not stopped, if the screw 341 is used for loading in the whole process, the screw is required to rotate for about 96 circles, and the time is long, therefore, the handwheel 331 is directly used for loading the front 80 percent of rated torque, and the operation time can be greatly reduced. And 4000Nm, which is the final 100% rated torque, is an accurate required value, if an operator loads by rotating the hand wheel 331, the torque cannot be stabilized at 4000Nm because the hand shakes slightly during operation, so the screw 341 is used for loading at this time.

Similarly, when unloading is started after the rated torque of 100% is reduced to the rated torque of 80% in the unloading process, the operator does not want to start unloading through the hand wheel 331 when the rated torque of 100% is 4000Nm, and the torque in the shaft system is likely to exceed 4000Nm due to shaking of hands. When the torque of the shafting is reduced to 80 percent of rated torque through the screw 341, unloading can be started through rotating the hand wheel 331, so that the operation time can be greatly reduced.

The operation step of the 2 nd method is as follows:

the first step is as follows: the rotation blocking pins of the two one-way mechanisms (i.e., the first one-way mechanism 35 and the second one-way mechanism 35') are pulled out, and the hand wheel 331 can freely rotate in both the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction.

The second step is that: the screw 341 is rotated to move the rack 342 axially, and the rack 342 moves and simultaneously drives the gear 340 to rotate, so that when the pin hole on the pin seat 344 is aligned with the through hole 311 on the rotating shaft 31, the plug 345 is inserted to ensure that the plug 345 penetrates through the through hole 311, thereby preventing the plug 345 from falling off in the subsequent operation process.

A third part: the screw 341 is rotated counterclockwise step by step, at this time, the gear 340 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate clockwise, and when the reading values of the standard torque sensor 4 reach the point positions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% of rated torque, the standard torque sensor is respectively and slightly paused, so that the calibration system records the reading values. The screw 341 continues to be turned slowly counter-clockwise until the reading of the standard torque sensor 4 reaches 100% of the nominal torque, i.e. 4000Nm, and is maintained for at least 30 seconds.

The fourth step: the screw 341 is rotated clockwise step by step, at this time, the gear 340 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate counterclockwise, and when the reading values of the standard torque sensor 4 reach the point positions of 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% of rated torque, the standard torque sensor is slightly stopped, and the calibration system is allowed to record. The slow clockwise rotation of the screw 341 is continued until the reading of the standard torque sensor 4 reaches 0Nm and is maintained for at least 30 seconds.

Description of the invention: the stage-by-stage loading and unloading processes all use the screw 341 for loading and unloading because the loading torque and the unloading torque can be controlled very precisely by the screw 341.

The operation step of the type 3:

The third step: the screw 341 is rotated counterclockwise step by step, at this time, the gear 340 drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate clockwise, and when the reading values of the standard torque sensor 4 reach the point positions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% of rated torque, the standard torque sensor is respectively and slightly paused, so that the calibration system records the reading values. The slow counter-clockwise rotation of the screw 341 is continued until the reading of the standard torque sensor 4 reaches 100% of the nominal torque, i.e. 4000Nm, and is maintained for at least 30 seconds.

The fourth step: when the screw 341 is rotated clockwise, the rack 407 moves to drive 306 the gear to rotate counterclockwise, and at the same time, the reading value of the standard torque sensor 4 begins to fall, and the screw 341 continues to be rotated clockwise until the standard torque sensor 4 reaches 80% of the rated torque, that is, the reading value is about 3200 Nm.

The fifth step: one operator holds the hand wheel 331 steady by hand and the other operator pulls the pin 345.

And a sixth step: the handwheel 331 is slowly rotated counter-clockwise until the standard torque sensor 4 is fully unloaded to a reading of 0Nm for at least 30 seconds.

Therefore, through the matching of the hand wheel loading mechanism and the screw rod loading mechanism, stepless loading and unloading of torque can be realized, and the torque sensors of various specifications can be accurately and conveniently calibrated.

The calibration device of the torque sensor can be used for off-line calibration and on-line calibration, namely, the torque sensor to be calibrated, which is arranged on a dynamometer rack, is calibrated on line. As shown in fig. 7, in the dynamometer bench, the dynamometer 100 is fixed to the base plate 101 by bolts, and the output shaft of the dynamometer 100 has a rotation blocking function. The rotor of the torque sensor 102 to be calibrated is fixed on the output shaft of the dynamometer 100 through a fixing flange, and the stator is fixed on the sensor mounting seat 103 through bolts. One end of the adapter flange 104 is connected with the torque sensor 102 to be calibrated through bolts, the other end of the adapter flange is connected with the input end of a rotating shaft of an intermediate shaft 106 through a coupler 105, and the intermediate shaft 106 is fixed with the bottom plate 101 through an intermediate shaft base 107. The sample docking flange 108 is fixed to the shaft output end of the intermediate shaft 106. The test sample piece may be connected to the sample piece docking flange 108 via an adapter plate or the like. In this case, the base of the calibration device of the torque sensor can be directly replaced by the base plate 101. It should be understood that the calibration device of the torque sensor may also be mounted on the base plate 101 together with the base.

For the dynamometer bench with the structural layout shown in fig. 7, the standard torque sensor 4 in the calibration device of the torque sensor of the present invention may be butted with the sample docking flange 108 in the dynamometer bench, or connected with the sample docking flange 108 through a transition connection device, so as to implement on-line calibration. The calibration mode is very convenient without dismantling a torque sensor in the dynamometer bench and changing the structure of the dynamometer bench.

FIG. 8 shows the torque sensor calibration apparatus of the present invention used for another dynamometer bench to perform online calibration. As shown in fig. 8, in the dynamometer bench, the dynamometer 200 is fixed to a base plate 201 by bolts, and an output shaft of the dynamometer 200 has a lock rotation function. The rotor of the torque sensor 202 to be calibrated is fixed on the output shaft of the dynamometer 200 through a fixing flange, and the stator is fixed on the sensor mounting seat 203 through bolts. The test sample may be coupled to the sample docking flange 204 via an adapter plate or the like. In this case, the base of the calibration device of the torque sensor can be directly replaced by the bottom plate 201. It should be understood that the calibration device of the torque sensor may also be mounted on the base plate 201 together with the base.

For the dynamometer bench with such a structural layout as shown in fig. 8, the standard torque sensor 4 in the calibration apparatus of the present invention may be butted with the sample docking flange 204 in the dynamometer bench, or connected with the sample docking flange 204 through a transition connection apparatus, so as to implement on-line calibration. The calibration mode is very convenient without dismantling a torque sensor in the dynamometer bench and changing the structure of the dynamometer bench.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention uses the speed reducer, amplifies a smaller driving torque into a required calibration large torque through the speed reducer by using the speed reduction and torque increasing effect of the speed reducer, the smaller driving torque is easier to apply, and meanwhile, the driving torque is smaller and is safer during loading.

2. According to the invention, the rotary motion of the gear is converted into the linear motion of the rack through the gear-rack motion pair, and the linear motion of the rack is realized through the rotation of the threaded rod.

3. The invention realizes torque loading in a pure mechanical mode, has no servo system, simple structure and small occupied area.

It should be understood that although in the above embodiments the torque loading mechanism comprises a handwheel loading mechanism and a screw loading mechanism; in other embodiments, however, the torque loading mechanism may comprise only one of a handwheel loading mechanism and a screw loading mechanism.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the invention can be effected therein by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the invention. Such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. The calibration device of the torque sensor is characterized by comprising a speed reducer, a torque loading mechanism and a standard torque sensor, wherein the input end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the torque loading mechanism, and the output end of the speed reducer is rigidly connected with one end of the standard torque sensor; the other end of the standard torque sensor is used for being rigidly connected with a torque sensor to be calibrated; the torque loading mechanism is configured to enable stepless loading and unloading of torque.

2. The calibration device for the torque sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the torque loading mechanism comprises a hand wheel loading mechanism, a screw rod loading mechanism and two one-way mechanisms with opposite actions, the hand wheel loading mechanism and the screw rod loading mechanism can both drive the rotation shaft to rotate in two directions to realize the loading and unloading of the torque, and the two one-way mechanisms act on the rotation shaft to enable the rotation shaft to realize clockwise rotation, anticlockwise rotation, two-way rotation and rotation prohibition.

3. The calibration device for the torque sensor according to claim 2, wherein the hand wheel loading mechanism comprises a hand wheel fixed at the end of the rotation shaft; the screw loading mechanism comprises a gear, a rack and a screw, wherein the gear is fixed on the rotating shaft, the rack can move linearly and is meshed with the gear, and the screw is in driving connection with the rack so as to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.

4. The torque sensor calibration device according to claim 3, wherein the screw loading mechanism further includes a bearing seat, a pin seat, and a pin, the bearing seat is fixed on the gear by a bolt and has a rolling bearing mounted therein, the rolling bearing is coaxial with the gear and is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the pin seat is fixed on the bearing seat and has a pin hole, the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of radial through holes, and the pin can pass through the pin hole and be inserted into the radial through hole.

5. The calibration apparatus for torque sensor according to claim 3, wherein the screw loading mechanism further comprises a linear guide and a plurality of sliding blocks, wherein the plurality of sliding blocks are spaced apart and slidably engaged on the linear guide, the rack is fixed on the plurality of sliding blocks, and one end of the screw is drivingly connected to the rack.

6. The calibration device for the torque sensor as recited in claim 5, wherein said rack is fixed on a plurality of said sliding blocks by a plurality of transition blocks, and one end of said screw rod is drivingly connected to the nearest said transition block.

7. The calibration device for the torque sensor according to claim 2, wherein the one-way mechanism comprises a one-way bearing, a collar, a locked-rotation pin seat and a locked-rotation pin, an inner ring of the one-way bearing is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, the collar is fixedly sleeved on an outer ring of the one-way bearing and is provided with a plurality of locking grooves, the locked-rotation pin seat has a pin hole, and the collar cannot rotate when the locked-rotation pin passes through the pin hole and is inserted into the locking grooves.

8. The calibration device for the torque sensor as recited in claim 2, wherein said rotating shaft is rotatably supported by two bearing and bearing housing assemblies, wherein the gears of said two one-way mechanisms and said screw loading mechanism are disposed between said two bearing and bearing housing assemblies.

9. The calibration device for the torque sensor according to claim 1, wherein an input end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft through a first coupler, and an output end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the standard torque sensor sequentially through an adapter flange, a first transition flange, a second coupler and a second transition flange.

10. The calibration device for the torque sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calibration device further comprises a blocking seat, and both ends of the torque sensor to be calibrated are rigidly connected to the blocking seat and the standard torque sensor, respectively.

11. The torque sensor calibration device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the stator of the torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the sensor mounting seat by bolts, one end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is fixed on the plugging seat by a fixing flange, and the other end of the torque sensor to be calibrated is rigidly connected with the standard torque sensor by a connecting flange.

12. The torque sensor calibration device according to claim 1, wherein the standard torque sensor is configured to interface with a sample docking flange in a dynamometer bench to perform online calibration of the torque sensor to be calibrated mounted on the dynamometer bench.

13. A calibration method of a torque sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

providing calibration means for a torque sensor according to any of claims 1-12;

14. The method for calibrating a torque sensor as claimed in claim 13, wherein the process of loading and unloading the torque comprises the following three forms:

the 1 st: slowly loading from 0Nm to 100 percent of rated torque, and keeping at least 30 seconds at a 100 percent of rated torque point; then slowly unloading from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and pause is not needed in the process of loading and unloading;

and (3) a step of: loading nine calibration points step by step from 0Nm to 100% rated torque, keeping the 100% rated torque point for at least 30 seconds, and properly stopping at each of the rest calibration points for recording; then slowly unloading from 100% rated torque to 0Nm, wherein the 0Nm point is kept for at least 30 seconds, and the unloading process does not need to be stopped;