CN115355785B - Sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection - Google Patents
Sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection Download PDFInfo
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- CN115355785B CN115355785B CN202211122633.0A CN202211122633A CN115355785B CN 115355785 B CN115355785 B CN 115355785B CN 202211122633 A CN202211122633 A CN 202211122633A CN 115355785 B CN115355785 B CN 115355785B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection, which comprises the following steps of determining the number and arrangement modes of drilling holes according to engineering requirements and surrounding rock conditions, and completing the drilling hole design of a cut area; constructing a drilling hole and measuring deflection of the constructed drilling hole; determining the sectional height of the third blasting, calculating the position coordinates of the hole bottom plane of the drill hole during blasting, determining the explosive loading hole and the explosive initiation section position of the first two blasts according to the position of the hole bottom plane of the drill hole, and determining the explosive initiation section position of the third blasting according to the position of the hole opening plane; and filling explosive into the holes, and connecting the leg wires of each detonator into a detonation network after filling, so as to detonate. The invention can effectively reduce waste of inclined drilling holes by blasting and adjusting the charging holes and the detonation sections in a separated way, has strong flexibility and wide application range, can improve the layering height and blasting effect of blasting well formation under the condition of inclined drilling holes and improves the efficiency of blasting well formation of a mine courtyard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection, and relates to the technical field of mine raise boring blasting excavation.
Background
In the underground metal mine exploitation process, the patio is generally used for ore rock sliding and releasing, underground ventilation, blasting compensation space providing and the like, the blasting well formation is a simple and efficient patio well formation mode, and the current blasting well formation mode has two modes of porous spherical explosive package group layered blasting and straight hole cutting blasting, and both modes have certain problems in engineering application.
Under the multi-hole spherical explosive group layered blasting mode, the bottom space is used as the free surface when the first explosive group is detonated, the rock is in an inverted funnel shape after blasting, the lower width is wide and the upper width is narrow, the funnel after the first layer blasting is used as the free surface when the second explosive group is detonated, at the moment, the free surface is changed from the bottom space free surface of the first layer to the inverted funnel-shaped free surface at the moment, the available free surface is reduced, the volume of the blasting funnel formed after blasting is smaller than that of the first blasting, the utilized free surface is further reduced, and the clamping property of the rock is further increased when the next layered blasting is performed. The mode is continuously increased along with the layering number of blasting, the volume of a funnel formed by blasting is continuously reduced, the actual blasting height is reduced, the required blasting times are increased, the specific explosive consumption is increased, and the blasting effect and the blasting efficiency are poorer and worse.
In the straight hole cut blasting well forming mode, the blasthole blasted first uses the empty hole parallel to the charging hole as free surface and compensation space to expand the groove. The available space of the first sound hole is limited, and the clamping performance is larger, so that the mode has higher requirement on the drilling angle. In the construction and drilling process, blast holes are easy to deviate under the influence of various factors such as rock joint cracks, drill rod bit quality of a drilling machine, operation personnel technology and the like. The hole spacing in the middle or bottom of the blast hole is changed, so that the original blasting compensation space and the size of the explosive resistance line are changed. Too large hole spacing can cause failure of blasting well formation or unsatisfactory well formation effect due to larger blasting block and insufficient compensation space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: aiming at the problems of low blasting efficiency and poor blasting effect when the existing mine raise shaft well-forming blasting method has a deviated blast hole, the sectional blasting well-forming method considering the blast hole deviation is provided.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection comprises the following steps:
S1, determining the number of drilling holes and the arrangement mode of the drilling holes according to the diameter of a courtyard and surrounding rock conditions, and completing the drilling design of a cut area;
S2, performing drilling construction according to the drilling design, checking the quality of each drilling hole after hole forming, and measuring deflection data of each drilling hole;
S3, dividing the blasthole into three blasting segmentation lengths L 1、L2、L3, wherein the depth of the blasthole bottom corresponding to the three blasting is H 1、H2、H3 respectively, obtaining the position coordinates of each blasthole at the depth H 1、H2 of the hole bottom according to the deflection data of the drilled hole, and marking the position coordinates on the horizontal plane where the depth H 1、H2 is located;
S4, respectively determining the charge hole and the detonation section of the first section blasting and the second section blasting according to the relative position relation between each drilling hole position on the horizontal plane of the hole bottom depth H 1、H2 and the corresponding plane center drilling hole, and determining the detonation section of the explosive of the third section blasting according to the hole opening plane position;
S5, filling explosive into the hole according to the designed blasting sectional length, connecting each detonator leg wire into a detonation network, and carrying out sectional detonation according to the detonation sectional position determined by each sectional length.
In the method for sectional blasting well taking the deflection of the blast hole into consideration, in the step S1, further, straight hole cutting is adopted for the drilling arrangement, the center of the cutting area is a center drilling hole, a plurality of drilling holes are arranged on a first base circle taking the center drilling hole as a circle center at equal intervals, the radius of the first base circle is R 1, a plurality of drilling holes are arranged on a second base circle taking the center drilling hole as a circle center at equal intervals, the radius of the second base circle is R 2,And a plurality of holes are uniformly distributed on a third base circle with the central hole as a circle center to serve as hole expanding holes, and the radius of the third base circle is R 3,R3＝2～2.8R1.
In the method for forming a hole by section blasting in consideration of the deflection of the blast hole, in the step S2, the deflection data of the drill hole include measurement of the deflection amount of the hole position of the starting point of the drill hole and measurement of the deflection rate of the hole body.
In the step S2, a right-hand space rectangular coordinate system is established with the designed center drilling starting point as the origin of coordinates, two horizontal directions perpendicular to each other as the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the vertical upward direction as the Z-axis, and for any drilling, the drilling starting point design coordinates are (X, Y, 0), the deflection amounts of the drilling starting point orifice in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are measured as X ' and Y ', respectively, the deflection angles of the drilling starting point orifice in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are α and β, respectively, the deflection rates are tan α and tan β, respectively, and when the deflection directions are in agreement with the positive direction of the coordinate axes, the deflection directions are taken as negative values, so as to obtain the actual orifice coordinates of the drilling starting point as (x+x ', y+y ', 0), and the orifice coordinates at any depth h position are (x+x ' +h+tan α, y+y+tan β, -h).
In the method for sectional blasting and well forming in consideration of blast hole deflection according to the present invention, further, in the step S3, the first blasting sectional length L 1 satisfies:
Wherein H d is the height of the lower chamber, and lambda is the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock;
The second burst segment length L 2 satisfies:
Wherein H k is the height of a formed empty area after the first blasting;
third burst segment length L 3＝H1-L1-L2.
In the method for sectional blasting and well forming in consideration of the deflection of the blastholes, in the step S4, the coordinates of the bottom orifice of the blastholes with the sectional blasting lengths are calculated, the center drilling hole in the horizontal plane where the orifice of the bottom orifice with the sectional blasting length is positioned is used as the circle center to make a judgment base circle, and the blasthole explosion section positions in the judgment base circle precede the blasthole explosion section positions outside the judgment base circle.
In the method for forming a well by segment blasting with consideration of the deflection of a blast hole, in the step S4, further, the steps of determining the detonation segment positions of the explosive for the first segment blasting and the second segment blasting are as follows:
S41, calculating center drilling coordinates and other drilling coordinates of the horizontal planes where the depths H1 and H2 are located according to the position coordinates of the bottom hole and the deflection angle of the hole body of the actual segmented blasthole measured in the step S2;
S42, taking the center drilling coordinate of the horizontal plane as the center of a circle, taking (R 2+R3)/2 as the radius to judge the position relationship between each drilling section of the horizontal plane at the depths H 1 and H 2 and the judgment base circle according to the formula (3),
In the formula (3), X 1 is the X-axis coordinate of the central drilling hole, X n is the X-axis coordinate of the drilling hole to be judged, Y 1 is the Y-axis coordinate of the central drilling hole, Y n is the Y-axis coordinate of the drilling hole to be judged, K is a judgment coefficient, when K is more than 1, the corresponding drilling hole in the horizontal plane is positioned outside the judgment base circle, and when K is less than or equal to 1, the corresponding drilling hole in the horizontal plane is positioned in the judgment base circle;
s43, determining detonation section positions of all drilling holes in the sectional blasting, detonating the drilling holes in the judgment base circle by using detonators with smaller section positions, detonating the drilling holes outside the judgment base circle by using detonators with larger section positions, and detonating the drilling holes.
In the method for sectional blasting and well forming taking the offset of the blast holes into consideration, further, the same drill hole is filled with explosive in sections, and in the same drill hole, the explosive initiation section of the lower layer is earlier than the explosive initiation section of the upper layer; the detonation sections of the explosive sections positioned at the same height are identical between different drilling holes detonated at the same time; judging the detonation section of the lower explosive of the drill hole outside the base circle and before judging the detonation section of the upper explosive of the drill hole inside the base circle.
In the method for blasting and forming a well by section by considering the deflection of the blast hole, in the step S4, the detonation sequence of the third section blasting is as follows: the middle hole is detonated first, the holes in the second base circle are detonated hole by hole or two holes are detonated simultaneously, the holes in the third base circle are detonated hole by hole or 2-4 holes are detonated simultaneously, and the detonation sections of all explosive sections in each hole are identical.
In the method for sectional blasting and well forming taking the deflection of the blastholes into consideration, in the step S5, after the first sectional blasting and the second sectional blasting are completed, all the drilled holes in the blasting area are cleaned by using a drilling machine, the residual hole depths of the cleaned drilled holes are measured and recorded, and the drill hole and empty area range of the next sectional blasting is drawn according to the residual hole depths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through effectively utilizing the deflection holes formed by drilling, re-drilling is not needed, the problem that large blocks are generated due to the fact that the hole spacing between the blast hole and the end part of the hole is increased in the straight hole cutting mode is solved, and the blasting effect is less influenced by the deflection of the blast hole.
2. According to the invention, the compensation space is increased by changing the position of the free surface of the blasting, the problem that the free surface becomes smaller along with the increase of blasting times in the well forming mode of the porous spherical cartridge blasting is solved, the volume of a funnel formed by blasting is continuously reduced, and meanwhile, compared with the porous spherical cartridge blasting, the single blasting layer height is obviously improved, the blasting times are reduced, and the specific explosive consumption is obviously reduced.
3. The invention is only based on whether the explosive is filled in the drilling hole or not and the adjustment of the explosive section position in the explosive filling hole, has strong flexibility and wide application range, can reduce the waste of the inclined blast hole, reduce the economic cost of re-constructing the drilling hole, improve the layering height of the blasting well and the efficiency of the well formation under the condition of inclined drilling hole, and improve the blasting effect.
In summary, the method for sectional blasting and well forming taking the offset of the blast hole into consideration provided by the invention utilizes the offset blast hole in drilling construction, can effectively reduce the waste of offset drilling, has strong flexibility and wide application range, can improve the layering height and blasting effect of blasting and well forming under the condition of drilling offset, and improves the efficiency of blasting and well forming.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the blasting method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the number of holes and the layout of the holes according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the actual drilling of the hole at the hole bottom depth H 1 in the case of the deflection of the drilling of the hole in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a sectional charge structure of a first section explosion in an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view showing the actual drilling of a hole at a hole bottom depth H 2 in the case of a skew of the drilling in the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a sectional charge configuration of a second segment blasting in an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a borehole in an embodiment in which the borehole is deflected at a point of initiation of the top surface of the undercut region.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a third section charge configuration in an embodiment.
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1-17, drilling holes, 18, a first base circle, 19, a second base circle, 20, a third base circle, 21, a first judgment base circle, 22, a second judgment base circle, 23, an upper chamber, 24, a lower chamber, 25, plugs, 26, explosives, 27 and packers.
Detailed Description
Examples
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The following describes in detail the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for sectional blasting and well forming taking the deflection of the blast hole into consideration comprises the following five steps:
S1, determining the number of drilling holes and the arrangement mode of the drilling holes according to the diameter of the patio and the surrounding rock conditions, and completing the drilling design of the slitting area.
S2, performing drilling construction according to the drilling design, checking the quality of each drilling hole after hole forming, and measuring deflection data of each drilling hole;
S3, dividing the blasthole into three blasting segmentation lengths L 1、L2、L3, wherein the depth of the blasthole bottom corresponding to the three blasting is H 1、H2、H3 respectively, obtaining the position coordinates of each blasthole at the depth H 1、H2 of the hole bottom according to the deflection data of the drilled hole, and marking the position coordinates on the horizontal plane where the depth H 1、H2 is located;
S4, respectively determining the charge hole and the detonation section of the first section blasting and the second section blasting according to the relative position relation between each drilling hole position on the horizontal plane of the hole bottom depth H 1、H2 and the corresponding plane center drilling hole, and determining the detonation section of the explosive of the third section blasting according to the hole opening plane position;
S5, filling explosive into the hole according to the designed blasting sectional length, connecting each detonator leg wire into a detonation network, and carrying out sectional detonation according to the detonation sectional position determined by each sectional length.
Specifically, in step S1, the arrangement of the drill holes in the slitting area is straight-hole slitting. As shown in the drilling arrangement shown in fig. 2, a central drilling hole 1 is arranged at the center of the slitting area, and the drilling holes 2-5 are arranged on a first base circle 18 taking the central drilling hole as the center, wherein the radius of the first base circle 18 is R 1, and the value of R 1 is generally 0.50-0.60 m. The drill holes 6-9 are equally spaced on a second base circle 19 centered on the central drill hole, the radius of the second base circle 19 is R 2,Each borehole on the first base circle 18 is located at a midpoint of a line between two adjacent boreholes on the second base circle 19. Third circles of drill holes 10-17 are arranged on a third base circle 20 with the center drill hole as a circle center at equal intervals to serve as hole expanding holes, and the radius of the third base circle 20 is 2-2.8 times that of R 3,R3 R 1, and generally 1.20-1.40 m.
In the straight hole slotting and hole distribution scheme, the drilling comprises a hollow hole for providing a free surface and a compensation space, the slotting holes of the slot cavity are formed by filling explosive for the first time, and the expanding slot holes of the slot cavity are enlarged. In each shot of the blasting formation, the hole, the cut hole, the expansion hole are not fixed, wherein the function of part of the drilling hole is changed.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S2, the undercut region is drilled downwardly from the upper chamber 23 of the raise undercut region, the top surface of the undercut region at the upper chamber 23 being the drilling landing plane on which the downward drilling begins according to the drilling position scheme in fig. 2, and the drilling is carried out through the undercut region to the lower chamber 24 of the undercut region. In the ideal state, the drill hole should be drilled downwards along the vertical direction, but in the drilling process of the drill hole, the actual drill hole is deflected due to the influence of various factors such as rock joint cracks of a cut area, the quality of a drill rod of a drilling machine, the technical skill of an operator and the like, so that the actual hole position of the drill hole and the hole body generate deflection errors, and therefore, after the drill hole is drilled, the quality of each drill hole is checked, and deflection data of each drill hole are measured.
Specifically, the deflection data measured for the borehole in step S2 includes a measurement of the amount of deflection of the orifice location and a measurement of the deflection of the borehole body. Before measurement, setting actual coordinate data of a drilling point of each drilling hole, taking a designed central drilling point as a coordinate origin, two horizontal directions which are perpendicular to each other as an X axis and a Y axis, setting a right-hand space rectangular coordinate system for the Z axis in the vertical upward direction, setting the drilling point design coordinates of any drilling hole as (X, Y, 0), measuring deflection amounts of a drilling point orifice in the X axis and Y axis directions as X ' and Y ', respectively, and taking positive values when deflection angles of a drilling hole body in the X axis and Y axis directions are respectively tan alpha and tan beta, and taking negative values when the deflection directions are consistent with the positive directions of the coordinate axes, so as to obtain the actual orifice coordinates of the drilling point as (x+x ', y+y ', 0), and obtaining orifice coordinates of any depth h as (x+x ' +h×tan alpha, y+h×tan beta, -h).
Specifically, in S3, the determination of the third blasting segment length L 1、L2、L3 is selected according to the following scheme, where the first blasting segment length L 1 satisfies:
Wherein H d is the height of the lower chamber, lambda is the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock, and generally 1.3-1.7;
the second blasting segment length L 2 satisfies:
Wherein H k is the height of a formed empty area after the first blasting;
The third burst segment length L 3＝H1-L1-L2.
In the first stage blasting, all the holes are filled with the explosive holes, and the lower chamber 24 of the cutting area is used as a compensation space for blasting. In the second and third section blasting, the drill holes 1 and 6-17 are charging holes, and the drill holes 2-4 and the empty area formed after the first blasting are used as compensation spaces for blasting. In the first section blasting and the second section blasting, the ratio of the width to the height of the space range of the explosive in the same section is smaller than 6.
In the blastholes filled with explosive, axial uncoupled filling is adopted, and river sand, water bags or bamboo tubes are used as a packer 27 between explosive sections in the same drill hole, as shown in fig. 4.
In step S4, before the first and second segment blasting, the explosive initiation segment between the charged blastholes needs to be determined, and in general, the coordinates of the bottom hole of the blastholes with the respective blasting segment lengths are calculated, and the center hole in the horizontal plane where the bottom hole of the hole with the corresponding blasting segment length is located is used as the circle center to make a judgment base circle, and the blasthole explosion segment within the judgment base circle precedes the blasthole explosion segment beyond the judgment base circle.
Specifically, the step of determining the detonation segment position in the first blasting is as follows:
Step one: calculating the coordinates (x 1,y1,-H1) of the center drilling hole at the depth H 1 according to the coordinates and the deflection angle of the hole opening measured in the step S2, and the coordinates of other drilling holes (x2,y2,-H1),(x3,y3,-H1),...,(xn,yn,-H1).
Step two: and (3) judging whether each drilling section on the horizontal plane at the position H 1 is in the first judgment base circle 21 or not according to the formula (3) by taking (x 1,y1,-H1) as the center and taking (R 2+R3)/2 as the radius as the first judgment base circle 21.
K in the formula (3) is a judgment coefficient, and when K is more than 1, the drilling hole is positioned outside the first judgment base circle 21 on the horizontal plane at the depth H 1; when K is less than or equal to 1, the drilling hole is positioned in the first judgment base circle 21 on the horizontal plane at the depth H 1;
Step three: and determining the detonation segment position of the explosive. For the drilling holes in the first judgment base circle 21, detonating is performed first by using detonators with smaller section positions, and for the drilling holes outside the first judgment base circle 21, detonating is performed after using detonators with larger section positions. In the drilling hole detonated at the same time, the explosive located at the same height and the detonating primer sections are the same; in the same borehole, the explosives of different layers separated by the packer are detonated firstly, the explosives of the lower layer are detonated after the explosives of the upper layer, and the detonation section of the explosives of the lower layer of the borehole outside the first judgment base circle is earlier than the detonation section of the explosives of the upper layer of the borehole in the first judgment base circle, as shown in fig. 3.
The second blasting step of determining the detonation segment is as follows:
Step one: calculating the coordinates (x 1,y1,-H2) of the center drilling hole at the depth H 2 according to the coordinates and the deflection angle of the hole position measured in the step S2, and the coordinates of other holes (x2,y2,-H2),(x3,y3,-H2),...,(xn,yn,-H2).
Step two: and (3) taking (x 1,y1,-H2) as a center and taking (R 2+R3)/2 as a radius as a second judgment base circle 22, judging whether each drilling section at the H 2 is in the second judgment base circle 22 according to the formula (3).
K in the formula (3) is a judgment coefficient, and when K is more than 1, the drilling hole is positioned outside the first judgment base circle 21 on the horizontal plane at the depth H 2; when K is less than or equal to 1, the drilling hole is positioned in the first judgment base circle 21 on the horizontal plane at the depth H 2;
Step three: and determining the detonation segment position of the explosive. For the drilling holes in the second judgment base circle 22, detonating is performed first by using detonators with smaller section positions, and for the drilling holes outside the second judgment base circle 22, detonating is performed after using detonators with larger section positions. In the drilling hole detonated at the same time, the explosive located at the same height and the detonating primer sections are the same; in the same borehole, the explosives of different layers separated by the packer are detonated firstly, and the explosives of the lower layer are detonated after the explosives of the upper layer, and the detonating section of the lower layer of the borehole outside the second judgment base circle is ahead of the detonating section of the upper layer of the borehole inside the second judgment base circle, as shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, in the step S4, the detonation sequence of the third segment blasting is fixed, the middle hole is detonated first, the holes in the second base circle are detonated hole by hole or two holes are detonated simultaneously, the holes in the third base circle are detonated hole by hole or 2 to 4 holes are detonated simultaneously, and the detonation sections of all the explosive sections in each hole are identical as shown in fig. 7.
Specifically, in the process of filling the explosive in the step S5, cement blocks are adopted as the plugs 25 at the hole bottoms, and the distance between the cement blocks and the hole bottoms is 0.8-1.5 m. The subcharge of explosive 26 uses a millisecond delay detonator primer charge. The stuffing of the stuffing 27 between the charges 26 ensures that the upper surface of the uppermost charge is at the same level, the stuffing 27 having a length of 0.8 to 1.5m.
Specifically, in step S5, after the first and second segment blasting is completed, the blasting effect is further required to be checked, and the hole depth is recorded to provide data basis for the next blasting charge, and the process includes: sweeping holes of all drilling holes in the blasting area by using a drilling machine; and measuring and recording the residual hole depth of the cleaned drilling hole by using tools such as a measuring rope, and drawing the range of the drilling hole and the empty area according to the residual hole depth.
The following describes a specific implementation procedure of the mine patio cut initiation method of the present embodiment, taking patio blasting performed in a certain mine as an example, with reference to fig. 2 to 8.
The detonation construction is gradually carried out according to the following steps:
S1, determining the number of drilling holes and the arrangement mode of the drilling holes according to the diameter of the patio and the surrounding rock conditions, and completing the drilling design of the slitting area.
S2, performing drilling construction according to the drilling design, checking the quality of each drilling hole after hole forming, and measuring deflection data of each drilling hole;
S3, dividing the blasthole into three blasting segmentation lengths L 1、L2、L3, wherein the depth of the blasthole bottom corresponding to the three blasting is H 1、H2、H3 respectively, obtaining the position coordinates of each blasthole at the depth H 1、H2 of the hole bottom according to the deflection data of the drilled hole, and marking the position coordinates on the horizontal plane where the depth H 1、H2 is located;
S4, respectively determining the charge hole and the detonation section of the first section blasting and the second section blasting according to the relative position relation between each drilling hole position on the horizontal plane of the hole bottom depth H 1、H2 and the corresponding plane center drilling hole, and determining the detonation section of the explosive of the third section blasting according to the hole opening plane position;
S5, filling explosive into the hole according to the designed blasting sectional length, connecting each detonator leg wire into a detonation network, and carrying out sectional detonation according to the detonation sectional position determined by each sectional length.
In the specific implementation, the arrangement mode of the drilling holes in the cutting area in the step S1 is straight hole cutting, as shown in FIG. 2, the drilling holes 1 are sequentially central drilling holes and peripheral three circles of drilling holes from the center of the plane of the cutting area to the outside, wherein the drilling holes 2-5 are distributed on a first base circle 18 taking the central drilling hole 1 as the center at equal intervals; the drill holes 6-9 are distributed on a second base circle 19 with the central drill hole 1 as the center at equal intervals, and the centers of the drill holes 1-9 are respectively positioned on the vertexes of the grid in the shape of the Chinese character 'tian'; the outermost ring is equally spaced apart from the spread-out bores 10 to 17 on a third base circle 20 centred on the centre bore 1. The radius R 1 of the first base circle 18 is 0.60m, the radius R 2 of the second base circle 19 is 0.85m, and the radius R 3 of the third base circle 20 is 1.40m. The diameters of the drilling holes 1, 6-17 are 110mm, the diameters of the drilling holes 2-5 are 165mm, all the drilling holes are straight holes, the hole depths are 27m, and the drilling holes are downward perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
During concrete implementation, construction is carried out according to the drilling design, drilling quality is checked after hole forming, and deflection rate measurement is carried out on the constructed blast hole. Table 1 was obtained from the measurement results.
Table 1 measured orifice deflection and hole body deflection of all boreholes
In specific implementation, determining the sectional height L 1、L2、L3 of the three-time sectional blasting according to engineering conditions, wherein the hole bottom depths of the three-time sectional blasting are H 1、H2、H3 respectively. And calculating the position coordinates of each drill hole at the depth of the first-time segment blasting hole bottom H 1 and the second-time segment blasting hole bottom H 2 of the drill hole by combining the measured drill hole deflection data with the actual coordinates of the drill holes, and marking the position coordinates on a plan view. In this embodiment, the engineering lower chamber height H d =3m, the rock expansion coefficient λ=1.5, and the segment height L 1 of the first segment blasting satisfies:
The maximum value of L 1 is calculated to be 6m, and the first blasting height L 1 =6m and the hole bottom depth H 1 =27m are determined.
In specific implementation, the center of the hole opening of the center drilling hole 1 is taken as an origin of a coordinate system, any horizontal direction is taken as an X-axis positive direction, the direction of a horizontal plane vertical to the X-axis is taken as a Y-axis, the vertical upward direction is taken as a Z-axis, a right-hand space rectangular coordinate system is established, for any drilling hole, the design coordinates of the hole opening are (X, Y, 0), the deflection amounts of the hole opening in the X-axis and the Y-axis directions are respectively X 'and Y', the deflection angles of the hole body in the X-axis and the Y-axis directions are respectively alpha and beta, the deflection rates are respectively tan alpha and tan beta, and when the deflection directions are consistent with the positive directions of the coordinate axes, the deflection rates take positive values, and otherwise take negative values. In this embodiment, the coordinates of the center borehole at depth 27m (x 1,y1, -27 m) and the coordinates of the other holes (x 2,y2,-27m),(x3,y3,-27m),...,(xn,yn, -27 m) are calculated from the measured orifice position coordinates and deflection angle. The first judgment base circle 21 is centered on (x 1,y1, -27 m) and the radius (R 2+R3)/2=0.5625 m, and as shown in fig. 3, it is judged whether each of the drilled sections of the horizontal section where the depth of H 1 is located is within the first judgment base circle 21 according to the following, and the depth coordinates and K values of the drilled holes at H 1 =27 m are listed in table 2.
Table 2 drilling at H 1 = 27m depth coordinates and K values
According to table 2, the bores 1 to 5, 7, 8, 11, 17 are within the first judgment base circle 21, and the bores 6, 9,10, 11 to 16 are outside the first judgment base circle 21.
In specific implementation, the first section blasting initiation sequence is as follows: the first judgment base circle 21 is drilled, the detonator with smaller section bit is used for detonation first, and the first judgment base circle 21 is drilled outside, and the detonator with larger section bit is used for detonation later. In the drilling hole detonated at the same time, the explosive located at the same height and the detonating primer sections are the same; in the same borehole, the explosives of different layers are separated by the packer, the explosives of the lower layer are detonated first, and the explosives of the upper layer are detonated later. The lower explosive detonation section of the outer drill hole of the first judgment base circle 21 is smaller than the upper explosive detonation section of the inner drill hole of the first judgment base circle 21. As another alternative embodiment, the lower explosive layers of the boreholes 1-5, 7, 8, 11 and 17 are detonated by a No. 1 millisecond delay detonator, the upper explosive layer is detonated by a No. 7 millisecond delay detonator, the lower explosive layers of the boreholes 6, 9, 10 and 11-16 are detonated by a No. 5 millisecond delay detonator, and the upper explosive layer is detonated by a No. 12 millisecond delay detonator. The first stage blasting stage design is shown in fig. 3.
In particular, in the first charge, a cement block is used as the plug 25 at the bottom of the hole, and the distance between the cement block and the bottom of the hole is 1.2m. After blocking, two layers of 2# rock emulsion explosive (finished explosive cartridge) were filled, each layer being 1.8m, and a filler 27 was filled between the two layers of explosive 26 to ensure that the upper surface of the uppermost layer of explosive was at the same level and to prevent the explosive from being symphysis, the filler 27 being river sand, the length being 1.2m. After the explosive is filled, 2m river sand is poured into the hole. The first segment blasting charge profile is shown in fig. 4.
During concrete implementation, after blasting is completed, the blasting effect is required to be checked, the hole depth is recorded, so that data basis is provided for next blasting charge, and the process comprises the following steps: sweeping holes of all drilling holes in the blasting area by using a drilling machine; and measuring and recording the residual hole depth of the cleaned drilling hole by using tools such as a measuring rope, and drawing the range of the drilling hole and the empty area according to the residual hole depth. The remaining depth of the borehole after the first explosion in this example is shown in table 3. The average depth of the drilled holes was 21.0m, and the void height was H k =9m.
TABLE 3 residual depth of drill hole after first blasting
In this embodiment, the second-time segment blasting segment height L 2 satisfies:
And calculating to obtain L 2 which is less than or equal to 18m, and determining the second-time sectional blasting height L 2 =10m according to the engineering actual conditions, wherein the hole bottom depth H 2 =21m.
In practice, the coordinates (x 1',y1 ', -21 m) of the center borehole 1 at the depth 21m and the coordinates (x 2',y2',-21m),(x3',y3',-21m),...,(xn',yn', -21 m) of the other holes are calculated based on the measured coordinates of the orifice position and the deflection angle. The second judgment base circle 22 is made with (x 1',y1', -21 m) as the center and (R 2+R3)/2=0.5625 m as the radius, and as shown in fig. 5, it is judged whether each of the drilled sections of the horizontal section where the depth of H 2 is located is within the second judgment base circle 22 according to the following, and the depth coordinates and K values of the drilled holes at H 2 =21m are listed in table 4.
Table 4 drilling at H 2 = 21m depth coordinates and K values
According to Table 4, bores 1-5, 7-9, 11, 17 are within the second judgment base circle 22, and bores 6, 10, 11-16 are outside the second judgment base circle 22.
In specific implementation, the second section blasting initiation sequence is as follows: the drill holes 2-4 are not filled with explosive and are used as compensation spaces. The second determination base circle 22 is drilled with the detonator with smaller section position detonating first, and the second determination base circle 22 is drilled with the detonator with larger section position detonating second. In the drilling hole detonated at the same time, the explosive located at the same height and the detonating primer sections are the same; in the same borehole, the explosives of different layers are separated by the packer, the explosives of the lower layer are detonated first, and the explosives of the upper layer are detonated later. And the lower explosive detonation segment of the outer drilled hole of the second judgment base circle 22 is smaller than the upper explosive detonation segment of the inner drilled hole of the second judgment base circle 22. As another alternative embodiment, the lower explosive layers of the boreholes 1, 7-9, 11 and 17 are detonated by a No. 1 millisecond delay detonator, the upper explosive layers are detonated by a No. 7 millisecond delay detonator, the lower explosive layers of the boreholes 6, 10, 11-16 are detonated by a No. 5 millisecond delay detonator, and the upper explosive layers are detonated by a No. 12 millisecond delay detonator. The second stage blasting stage design is shown in fig. 5.
In the specific implementation, in the process of loading explosive by the secondary sectional blasting, cement blocks are adopted as plugs 25 at the hole bottoms, and the distance between the cement blocks and the hole bottoms is 1.2-1.4 m. After blocking, two layers of 2# rock emulsion explosive are filled, each layer is 3.6m, a filler 27 is filled between the two layers of explosive 26 to ensure that the upper surface of the uppermost layer of explosive is at the same level and prevent the explosive from being detonated, and the filler 27 is river sand with the length of 1.5m. After the explosive is filled, 2m river sand is poured into the hole. The second segmented blasting charge profile is shown in fig. 6.
During concrete implementation, after blasting is completed, the blasting effect is required to be checked, the hole depth is recorded, so that data basis is provided for next blasting charge, and the process comprises the following steps: sweeping holes of all drilling holes in the blasting area by using a drilling machine; and measuring and recording the residual hole depth of the cleaned drilling hole by using tools such as a measuring rope, and drawing the range of the drilling hole and the empty area according to the residual hole depth. The remaining depth of the borehole after the second segment blasting in this example is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 residual depth of drilled holes after the second blasting
The detonation sequence of the third blasting is as follows: the middle drilling hole 1 is detonated firstly, the drilling holes 6-9 are detonated hole by hole or two holes are detonated simultaneously, and the drilling holes 10-17 are detonated hole by hole or 2-4 holes are detonated simultaneously. The primer detonator segments in each borehole are identical. The specific section bit is as follows: the central drilling hole 1 is detonated by a 1# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, the drilling holes 6-9 are detonated by a 6# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, a 11# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, a 17# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator and a 23# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator respectively, the drilling holes 10-13 are detonated by a 29# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator, and the drilling holes 14-17 are detonated by a 30# millisecond delay detonating tube detonator. The third stage blasting stage design is shown in fig. 7.
In the concrete implementation, in the third explosive loading process, the drill holes 2-4 are not filled with explosive, and are used as compensation spaces. Cement blocks are used as plugs 25 at the bottom of the holes, and the distance between the cement blocks and the bottom of the holes is 1.1-1.3 m. After blocking, 3 layers of 2# rock emulsion explosive are filled, each layer is 1.8m, a filler 27 is filled between 3 layers of explosive 26 to ensure that the upper surface of the uppermost layer of explosive is on the same level, and the explosive is prevented from being detonated, the filler 27 is river sand, a bamboo tube or a water bag, the length is 1.2m, and the hole is reserved for 2m to fill the river sand to prevent punching. The third section of the blasting charge is shown in fig. 8.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative rather than limiting, and that this invention is not limited to the examples described in the specific embodiments, but is capable of other embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, whether modified or substituted, and still fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sectional blasting well forming method considering blast hole deflection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, determining the number of drilling holes and the arrangement mode of the drilling holes according to the diameter of a courtyard and surrounding rock conditions, and completing the drilling design of a cut area;
S2, performing drilling construction according to the drilling design, checking the quality of each drilling hole after hole forming, and measuring deflection data of each drilling hole;
S3, dividing the blasthole into three blasting segmentation lengths L 1、L2、L3, wherein the depth of the blasthole bottom corresponding to the three blasting is H 1、H2、H3 respectively, obtaining the position coordinates of each blasthole at the depth H 1、H2 of the hole bottom according to the deflection data of the drilled hole, and marking the position coordinates on the horizontal plane where the depth H 1、H2 is located;
s4, calculating hole bottom hole coordinates of blastholes with each blasting section length according to the relative position relation between each hole position on the horizontal plane of the hole bottom depth H 1、H2 and the corresponding plane center hole, taking the center hole in the horizontal plane where the hole bottom hole with the corresponding blasting section length is positioned as a circle center as a judgment base circle, and determining the explosive explosion section positions of the first section blasting and the second section blasting respectively before the blasthole explosion section positions outside the judgment base circle by taking the center hole in the horizontal plane where the hole bottom hole with the corresponding blasting section length is positioned as the circle center, and determining the explosive explosion section positions of the third section blasting according to the hole plane positions;
S5, filling explosive into the hole according to the designed blasting sectional length, connecting each detonator leg wire into a detonation network, and carrying out sectional detonation according to the detonation sectional position determined by each sectional length.
2.A method for sectional blasting well taking into account the deflection of blast holes as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the drilling arrangement adopts straight hole cutting, the center of the cutting area is a center drilling hole, the plurality of drilling holes are equally spaced on a first base circle centered on the center drilling hole, the radius of the first base circle is R 1, the plurality of drilling holes are equally spaced on a second base circle centered on the center drilling hole, the radius of the second base circle is R 2,And a plurality of holes are uniformly distributed on a third base circle with the central hole as a circle center to serve as hole expanding holes, and the radius of the third base circle is R 3,R3＝2～2.8R1.
3. The method for sectional blasting and well formation taking into account the deflection of the blast hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the deflection data of the drill hole comprises measurement of the deflection amount of the hole opening position of the drill hole and measurement of the deflection rate of the hole body.
4. The method for sectional blasting well taking into consideration the deflection of a blasthole as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S2, a right-hand space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking a designed central drilling starting point as an origin of coordinates, two horizontal directions which are perpendicular to each other as an X axis and a Y axis, a vertical upward direction as a Z axis, the drilling starting point is designed to be (X, Y, 0), deflection amounts of the drilling starting point orifice in the X axis and the Y axis directions are measured to be X 'and Y', deflection angles of the drilling starting point orifice in the X axis and the Y axis directions are respectively alpha and beta, deflection rates are respectively tan alpha and tan beta, the deflection directions are positive values when the deflection directions are in positive directions of the coordinate axes, and negative values are obtained when the actual orifice coordinates of the drilling starting point are (x+x ', y+y', 0), and orifice coordinates at any depth h position are (x+x '+h+tan alpha, y+y' ×tan beta, -h).
5. A method of segmented blasting well taking into account the deflection of the blasthole as set forth in claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the first blasting segment length L 1 satisfies:
Wherein H d is the height of the lower chamber, and lambda is the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock;
The second burst segment length L 2 satisfies:
Wherein H k is the height of a formed empty area after the first blasting;
third burst segment length L 3＝H1-L1-L2.
6. The method for sectional blasting and well forming in consideration of blast hole deflection according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the steps of determining the explosive initiation sections of the first sectional blasting and the second sectional blasting are as follows:
S41, calculating center drilling coordinates and other drilling coordinates of the horizontal planes where the depths H1 and H2 are located according to the position coordinates of the bottom hole and the deflection angle of the hole body of the actual segmented blasthole measured in the step S2;
S42, taking the center drilling coordinate of the horizontal plane as the center of a circle, taking (R 2+R3)/2 as the radius to judge the position relationship between each drilling section of the horizontal plane at the depths H 1 and H 2 and the judgment base circle according to the formula (3),
In the formula (3), X 1 is the X-axis coordinate of the central drilling hole, X n is the X-axis coordinate of the drilling hole to be judged, Y 1 is the Y-axis coordinate of the central drilling hole, Y n is the Y-axis coordinate of the drilling hole to be judged, K is a judgment coefficient, when K is more than 1, the corresponding drilling hole in the horizontal plane is positioned outside the judgment base circle, and when K is less than or equal to 1, the corresponding drilling hole in the horizontal plane is positioned in the judgment base circle;
s43, determining detonation section positions of all drilling holes in the sectional blasting, detonating the drilling holes in the judgment base circle by using detonators with smaller section positions, detonating the drilling holes outside the judgment base circle by using detonators with larger section positions, and detonating the drilling holes.
7. The method for sectional blasting and well forming taking into account the deflection of blast holes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the same drill hole is filled with explosives in sections, and in the same drill hole, the lower layer of explosive initiation section is earlier than the upper layer of explosive initiation section; the detonation sections of the explosive sections positioned at the same height are identical between different drilling holes detonated at the same time; judging the detonation section of the lower explosive of the drill hole outside the base circle and before judging the detonation section of the upper explosive of the drill hole inside the base circle.
8. The method for sectional blasting and well forming in consideration of blast hole deflection according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the detonation sequence of the third sectional blasting is as follows: the middle hole is detonated first, the holes in the second base circle are detonated hole by hole or two holes are detonated simultaneously, the holes in the third base circle are detonated hole by hole or 2-4 holes are detonated simultaneously, and the detonation sections of all explosive sections in each hole are identical.
9. The method for sectional blasting and well forming taking the blast hole deflection into consideration according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, after the first sectional blasting and the second sectional blasting are completed, all the drill holes in the blasting area are cleaned by a drilling machine, the residual hole depth of the cleaned drill holes is measured and recorded, and the drill hole and the empty area range of the next sectional blasting are drawn according to the residual hole depth.
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