CN115352068A - Near net shape forming process and system - Google Patents

Near net shape forming process and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115352068A
CN115352068A CN202211008925.1A CN202211008925A CN115352068A CN 115352068 A CN115352068 A CN 115352068A CN 202211008925 A CN202211008925 A CN 202211008925A CN 115352068 A CN115352068 A CN 115352068A
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China
Prior art keywords
path
printing
sharp corner
net shape
model
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Pending
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CN202211008925.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周鸣
陆承麟
王旭
贾宝荣
周锋
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Shanghai Mechanized Construction Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Mechanized Construction Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211008925.1A priority Critical patent/CN115352068A/en
Publication of CN115352068A publication Critical patent/CN115352068A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a near-net forming process and a near-net forming system, wherein a finished product model built according to a component is sliced to obtain a printing path of each layer of slices, a compensation path is at least arranged at a sharp corner of the finished product model when the printing path is planned to replace the slice outline of the finished product model at the sharp corner as the printing path, the compensation path is configured to be a smooth curve protruding out of the sharp corner, the smooth curve is tangent to the slice outline at the sharp corner, then layered 3D printing is carried out according to the printing path to form a blank, and the blank is subjected to material reduction processing after the cutting path is obtained. By combining the 3D additive printing technology and the material reducing processing technology, the printing path at the sharp corner is configured to be a compensation path, cutting allowance is kept for subsequent material reducing processing, the sharp corner in the component is formed in the subsequent material reducing processing, and the processing precision is improved.

Description

Near net shape forming process and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a near-net-shape forming process and system.
Background
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most commonly used technique in 3D printing additive manufacturing, and its principle is as follows: the heating nozzle does X-Y plane movement under the control of a computer according to the section profile information of a product part, thermoplastic filamentous materials are sent to the hot melting nozzle by a wire supply mechanism, heated and melted into semi-liquid in the nozzle, then extruded out, selectively coated on a working platform, quickly cooled to form a layer of thin sheet profile with the thickness of about 0.127mm, the working platform descends to a certain height after one layer of section is formed, then the next layer of cladding is carried out, the section profiles are 'drawn' layer by layer, and the process is circulated, and finally the three-dimensional product part is formed. Due to the characteristics of the FDM technology, when planning a print path, it may be necessary to continuously perform multiple CP motions, which refer to trajectory motions in cartesian space, including linear motions and circular motions. However, this faces another problem: referring to fig. 1, two paths of the CP motion are straight line segments OP1 and OP2, respectively, the two straight line segments are not on the same straight line, that is, an acute angle exists between the two straight line segments, if the speed is not 0, the printer nozzle may vibrate violently at the acute angle, which seriously affects the printing precision, and may reduce the service life of the printer, therefore, a circular arc path is generally interpolated at the position of the acute angle, that is, an interpolation point of the path of the OP1 from an inflection point a to an intersection point O coincides with an interpolation point of the OP2 from the inflection point to the intersection point O, so as to form a circular arc path between the point a and the point B, thereby ensuring a smooth transition of the CP motion, but compared with the original printing path, the interpolation mode has precision loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a near-net forming process and a near-net forming system, which can accurately process a sharp angle of a component and improve the forming precision of the component.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a near net shape forming process, the process comprising:
establishing a finished product model;
slicing the finished product model to obtain the printing path of each layer of slices: planning a printing path of each layer of slices in the finished product model of the slicing processing, and setting a compensation path at least at each layer of sharp corner, wherein the compensation path is configured as a smooth curve protruding out of the sharp corner and is tangent to the outline of two slices forming the sharp corner;
carrying out layered 3D printing according to the printing path to obtain a blank;
and acquiring a cutting path of each layer of slices, and performing CNC (computer numerical control) material reducing processing on the blank according to the cutting path to obtain the component.
Optionally, the compensation path sets only one inflection point.
Alternatively, the length of the compensation path is determined according to the aperture of the 3D printer nozzle.
Optionally, during the 3D printing and the material reducing processing, the cutting path, the printing path, the processing platform and the position coordinates of the blank printed by the 3D printing on the processing platform are unified.
Optionally, the finished product model is constructed in a segmented manner, 3D printing and material reduction processing are respectively performed, and after the processing is completed, the whole component is assembled.
Optionally, when slicing the finished model, a plurality of slices are compensated at the top and bottom, respectively.
Optionally, before slicing the finished model, converting the finished model into an stl mesh mode.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a near net shape forming system comprising:
the model building module is used for obtaining a finished product model of the component;
a path acquisition module: the device comprises a printing path acquisition unit and a cutting path acquisition unit which are respectively used for acquiring a printing path of a printer nozzle and a walking path of a CNC (computerized numerical control) spindle, wherein when the printing path is planned, a human-computer exchange interface with configured slicing parameters is used for carrying out slicing parameter configuration, a compensation path at a sharp corner replaces a slicing profile of a finished product model at the sharp corner to serve as a printing path, the compensation path at the sharp corner is configured into a smooth curve protruding out of the outer contour of a slice, and the smooth curve is tangent to the outer contour of the slice;
3D printing module: and the 3D printer is controlled to print on the processing platform according to the information derived by the printing path acquisition unit to form a blank.
A cutting module: and the CNC main shaft is controlled according to the information derived by the cutting path unit to perform material reduction processing on the blank on the processing platform to obtain the component.
Optionally, the near net shape system further comprises a model transformation module: for converting the finished model into stl mesh patterns.
Optionally, the near net shape system further comprises a document generation module: and generating a file in a G-code format according to the printing path and the cutting path.
The invention provides a near-net-shape forming process and a near-net-shape forming system, which comprise two stages of 3D printing and CNC material reducing processing, wherein when a 3D printed printing path is generated, a smooth curve compensated outside a slice outline of a finished product model is used as a printing path at a sharp corner, the cutting allowance at the sharp corner is reserved, the reserved cutting allowance is cut off in the later CNC material reducing processing process to form the sharp corner, and the processing precision of a component is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art printing path with a CP path of motion forming an acute angle;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a near net shape forming process provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a print path when the CP motion path forms an acute angle in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Before discussing exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be noted that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although a flowchart may describe the steps as a sequential process, many of the steps can be performed in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the steps may be rearranged. The process may be terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure. The processes may correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, subprograms, and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a near-net-shape forming process, which combines a 3D additive printing technology and a CNC (computer numerical control) machining technology for reducing material, and compensates a sharp corner portion when planning a printing path to form a transitional smooth curve as the printing path at the sharp corner, and retains a cutting margin at the sharp corner, and specifically includes the following steps:
s10, establishing a finished product model: and modeling the component by using software to obtain a finished product model, wherein the software can use rhino, autocad, solidwork and the like.
S20, slicing the finished product model, and acquiring a printing path of each layer of slices: during specific slicing, the finished product model can be converted into an stl grid mode, slicing software is introduced, slicing parameters are configured by using a human-computer exchange interface with configured slicing parameters, namely, printing path planning is carried out on each layer of slices in the finished product model, and a compensation path is arranged at least at a sharp corner of the finished product model to replace the outer contour of the slices of the finished product model at the sharp corner as a printing path.
Still referring to fig. 3, the outer contours of the two slices forming the acute angle are respectively OP1 and OP2, the compensation path is a smooth curve protruding from the acute angle, and both ends of the compensation path are respectively coincident with the inflection point a and the inflection point B on the OP1 and OP2 and are tangent to the OP1 and OP2, that is, the printing path at the final acute angle runs from P1 to a, turns out of the OP1, enters an AB compensation path, and then turns into the OP2 from B.
The two slice outer contours forming the acute angle may be two straight line segments, one straight line segment, one circular arc segment, or two circular arc segments, and the construction of the compensation path is not affected here, and it can be understood that the turning point or turning point on the slice outer contour may coincide with the end point of the slice outer contour. Furthermore, only one inflection point is arranged on the compensation path so as to reduce the difficulty of subsequent material reduction processing.
The printing path refers to the walking track of a nozzle of the 3D printer, the printing path is piled to form a printing model, the printing model is slightly larger than a finished product model, the printing model can be exported from slice software or obtained through manual modeling, and a processing instruction during 3D printing can be obtained according to the printing path and the layering thickness of the printing model, and the processing instruction comprises the aperture of the nozzle, a processing platform lifting instruction and the like.
The general 3D printer can use nozzles of various different sizes in a matched manner, after the nozzles of a certain size are installed, a user can input the aperture of the nozzle through the provided human-computer interaction interface for configuring printer parameters, the current used aperture of the nozzle can be obtained, the length of a compensation path is determined according to the aperture of the nozzle, and the length specifically comprises a starting point, a terminal point and the like of the compensation path, so that excessive compensation is avoided, raw materials are wasted, and the problem that the requirement that the nozzle is gently turned over due to the fact that the compensation path is too small is difficult to meet is avoided.
S30, layered printing is carried out according to the printing path: and generating a file in a G-code format by the printing path, and then importing the file into a 3D printer for printing to obtain a blank.
S40, reducing materials;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, obtaining a cutting path of each layer of slices: and importing the finished product model and the printing model into material reducing processing software such as proe and ug, planning a cutting path of each layer in the finished product model subjected to cutting processing, and acquiring the cutting path, wherein the cutting path refers to a traveling path of the CNC processing spindle during material reducing processing.
S42, performing CNC cutting according to the cutting path: and after printing is finished, generating a file in a G-code format by the cutting path, and importing the file into a CNC machine tool to perform actual CNC processing to obtain a component consistent with a finished product model.
3D prints and subtracts material processing both can go on same processing platform, also can go on different processing platforms, and it should be noted that, the position that cutting route, printing route, processing platform and 3D printed the blank and put on processing platform will realize the coordinate unification.
According to the near-net forming process provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the printing path is obtained by slicing the finished product model, the printing path at the sharp corner is set as the compensation path for compensating the finished product model outside the slice outline of the layer, so that the vibration of the nozzle at the position is reduced, the cutting allowance is provided for the subsequent material reduction processing, and the processing precision is ensured.
It can be understood that, when the finished model is built in S10, if the scale of the component is large, for example, the component is a large building component, the finished model can be built in sections and processed in sections, and after the processing is completed, the whole component is assembled to reduce the processing or transportation difficulty.
In the step S20, when slicing is carried out based on the finished product model, multilayer slices are respectively compensated at the top and the bottom so as to reduce the warping problem in the later printing process; in the step S40, the compensated multilayer slice is subjected to CNC cutting, so that the precision of the component after CNC machining is ensured.
The present invention also includes a near net shape forming system, which utilizes a CNC machining spindle and a 3D printer for machining, which may be implemented in hardware and/or software, and is generally integrated into a computer device, comprising:
a model construction module: for obtaining a finished model of the component;
a path acquisition module: the device comprises a printing path acquisition unit and a cutting path acquisition unit, which are respectively used for acquiring a printing path of a printer nozzle and a cutting path of a CNC (computerized numerical control) machining spindle, wherein when the printing path is planned, a human-computer exchange interface with configured slicing parameters is used for carrying out slicing parameter configuration, a compensation path at a sharp angle replaces a slicing profile of a finished product model at the sharp angle to serve as a printing path, the compensation path at the sharp angle is configured into a smooth curve protruding out of the outer contour of a slice, and the smooth curve is tangent to the outer contour of the slice;
a file generation module: a file for generating a G-code format according to the printing path and the cutting path;
3D printing module: the 3D printer is controlled to print on the processing platform according to the information derived by the printing path obtaining unit to form a blank;
a cutting module: and the CNC machining main shaft is controlled according to the information derived by the cutting path obtaining unit to reduce the material of the blank on the machining platform.
Optionally, the near net shape system further comprises a model transformation module: for converting the finished model into stl grid mode for input into the slicing software.
The near-net forming system firstly utilizes the forming module to obtain a finished product model of the component, then utilizes the path obtaining module to respectively obtain a sliced printing path and a sliced cutting path, configures the printing path at a sharp corner into a compensation path when the printing path is planned, keeps cutting allowance for subsequent cutting material processing, respectively carries out 3D printing and cutting material reduction processing according to information derived by the path obtaining module, and finally obtains the finished component with high precision and keeps the sharp angle consistent with the finished product model.
The 3D printing file generation device provided by the embodiment of the invention can execute the 3D printing file generation method provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiment of the near net shape forming system, the included units and modules are merely divided according to the functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be implemented; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by software and necessary general hardware, and certainly, can also be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better embodiment in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a FLASH Memory (FLASH), a hard disk or an optical disk of a computer, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A near net shape forming process, characterized in that the process comprises:
establishing a finished product model;
slicing the finished product model to obtain the printing path of each layer of slices: planning a printing path of each layer of slices in the finished product model of the slicing processing, and setting a compensation path at least at each sharp corner, wherein the compensation path is configured as a smooth curve protruding out of the sharp corner and is tangent to the outer contour of the two slices forming the sharp corner;
carrying out layered 3D printing according to the printing path to obtain a blank;
and acquiring a cutting path of each layer of slices, and performing CNC (computer numerical control) material reduction processing on the blank according to the cutting path to obtain a component.
2. The near net shape forming process of claim 1, wherein the compensation path provides only one inflection point.
3. The near net shape forming process of claim 1, wherein the length of the compensation path is determined according to an aperture of a 3D printer nozzle.
4. The near net shape forming process according to claim 1, wherein the cutting path, the printing path, the processing platform for performing 3D printing and material reducing processing, and the position coordinates of the blank printed by 3D placed on the processing platform are uniform during 3D printing and material reducing processing.
5. The near net shape forming process of claim 1, wherein the finished model is built in segments and is subjected to 3D printing and material reduction processing respectively, and after the processing is completed, the whole component is assembled.
6. The near net shape forming process of claim 1, wherein the finished model is sliced with a plurality of layers of slices offset at the top and bottom, respectively.
7. The near net shape forming process of claim 1, wherein the finished model is converted to stl mesh pattern prior to slicing the finished model.
8. A near net shape forming system, comprising:
a model construction module: for obtaining a finished model of the component;
a path acquisition module: the device comprises a printing path acquisition unit and a cutting path acquisition unit which are respectively used for acquiring a printing path of a printer nozzle and a walking path of a CNC (computerized numerical control) spindle, wherein when the printing path is planned, a human-computer exchange interface with configured slicing parameters is used for carrying out slicing parameter configuration, a compensation path at a sharp corner replaces a slicing profile of a finished product model at the sharp corner to serve as a printing path, the compensation path at the sharp corner is configured into a smooth curve protruding out of the outer contour of a slice, and the smooth curve is tangent to the outer contour of the slice;
3D printing module: and the 3D printer is controlled to print on the processing platform according to the information derived by the printing path obtaining unit to form a blank.
A cutting module: and the CNC main shaft is controlled according to the information derived by the cutting path unit to perform material reduction processing on the blank on a processing platform to obtain a component.
9. The near net shape system of claim 8, further comprising a model transformation module to transform the finished model into stl mesh patterns.
10. The near net shape system of claim 8, further comprising a file generation module to generate a file in a G-code format from the print path and the cut path.
CN202211008925.1A 2022-08-22 2022-08-22 Near net shape forming process and system Pending CN115352068A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211008925.1A CN115352068A (en) 2022-08-22 2022-08-22 Near net shape forming process and system

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102172774A (en) * 2011-03-10 2011-09-07 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 Selective laser sintering scanning method
CN105710368A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-06-29 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 Scanning path planning method for manufacturing three-dimensional body layer by layer and scanning method
US20180354196A1 (en) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Xyzprinting, Inc. Warpage prevented printing method of 3d printer
CN110394448A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-01 深圳大学 A kind of metal 3D printing method and system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102172774A (en) * 2011-03-10 2011-09-07 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 Selective laser sintering scanning method
CN105710368A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-06-29 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 Scanning path planning method for manufacturing three-dimensional body layer by layer and scanning method
US20180354196A1 (en) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Xyzprinting, Inc. Warpage prevented printing method of 3d printer
CN110394448A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-01 深圳大学 A kind of metal 3D printing method and system

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