CN115337684A - Micro-plastic extraction equipment and micro-plastic identification system in livestock and poultry excrement - Google Patents
Micro-plastic extraction equipment and micro-plastic identification system in livestock and poultry excrement Download PDFInfo
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- CN115337684A CN115337684A CN202210971240.0A CN202210971240A CN115337684A CN 115337684 A CN115337684 A CN 115337684A CN 202210971240 A CN202210971240 A CN 202210971240A CN 115337684 A CN115337684 A CN 115337684A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure, which comprises a feeder, a screening component, a waste receiving container, an ultrasonic crusher, a centrifugal tube, a vacuum suction filter and a controller. The micro-plastic identification system provided by the invention comprises the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment, the micro-plastic extracted by the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment is subjected to material identification, classification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis on the micro-plastic intercepted on the filter screen by a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, and the operation is convenient and rapid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental monitoring, relates to a micro-plastic detection technology, and particularly relates to a micro-plastic extraction device and a micro-plastic identification system in livestock and poultry excrement
Background
The micro plastic is plastic fragments and particles with the diameter less than 5mm, and the micro plastic is various in types, mainly comprises polyethylene (pe), polypropylene (pp), polyvinyl chloride (pvc), polystyrene (ps), polycarbonate (pc), and polyethylene terephthalate (pet), and the like, and has a complicated shape, particles, fibers, fragments, films, and the like. The micro-plastics are found in marine water and sediments for the first time, and are known as pm2.5 in the sea because they are difficult to distinguish by naked eyes. Research has shown that the chemical property of the micro plastic is stable in the environment and has strong durability, and meanwhile, the micro plastic can be used as a carrier of other toxic pollutants, can produce a toxicological effect on organisms in the environment and cause serious ecological risks, and can even be transmitted through a food chain to threaten the survival and health of human beings.
The prior art data prove that the micro-plastics also widely exist in the livestock and poultry manure, the livestock and poultry manure is often used as an agricultural organic fertilizer after resource treatment, and can enter crop tissues through a fertilizer-soil-plant transmission chain, so that the condition of separating, identifying and detecting the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure is urgent. The identification and detection method of the micro-plastic comprises physical characterization analysis and chemical characterization analysis, wherein the physical characterization analysis comprises a visual method, an optical microscopy and an electron microscope, the chemical characterization analysis mainly utilizes Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined technology, and whatever identification method is adopted, the micro-plastic in the excrement to be detected needs to be extracted firstly. The method is characterized in that a density suspension centrifugation method is commonly adopted to extract micro-plastics in samples with low oil content such as water, soil and the like, and the livestock manure (such as pig manure and chicken manure) contains a large amount of oil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a special device for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure, so as to overcome the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extraction device and a micro-plastic identification system for micro-plastics in livestock and poultry manure, which aim to solve the problem that the existing micro-plastic extraction method cannot be applied to extraction of the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a device for extracting micro-plastic from livestock and poultry manure, which comprises:
the device comprises a feeder, a flow valve and a controller, wherein the feeder is used for storing excrement to be detected, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the feeder, and the discharge hole is provided with the flow valve and used for realizing quantitative discharge of the excrement to be detected;
the screening assembly comprises a capacitance measuring device and a material guide plate with an adjustable turning direction, the capacitance measuring device comprises a voltmeter, an ammeter, a power supply and a capacitor consisting of two polar plates, the capacitor is positioned below the discharge port, and the discharge port is positioned between the two polar plates; the two pole plates are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply, the ammeter is arranged between the anode of the power supply and the pole plates, the voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage between the two pole plates, and the capacitor is used for detecting whether the excrement to be detected discharged from the discharge hole contains micro-plastics or not; the material guide plate is positioned below the capacitor and is connected with a rotating motor through a rotating shaft, and the material guide plate is used for receiving the excrement to be detected after the capacitor is detected;
the waste receiving container is positioned below the first end of the material guide plate, and when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected does not contain micro-plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate to incline towards the first end of the material guide plate so as to guide the excrement to be detected without the micro-plastics into the waste receiving container;
the ultrasonic crusher is positioned below the second end of the material guide plate, and when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected contains micro plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate to incline towards the second end of the material guide plate so as to guide the excrement to be detected containing the micro plastics into the ultrasonic crusher; the ultrasonic crusher can perform ultrasonic crushing on the excrement to be detected; a first doser is arranged on the ultrasonic crusher and used for adding a medicament capable of digesting the excrement into the ultrasonic crusher;
the centrifugal tube is connected with the ultrasonic crusher through a first suction pump, and the first suction pump is used for sucking the excrement to be detected in the ultrasonic crusher into the centrifugal tube; a second doser is arranged on the centrifugal tube and used for adding a sodium iodide solution into the centrifugal tube so as to stratify the excrement to be detected to generate supernatant and precipitate; a first supernatant suction pipe is arranged at the upper part of the centrifugal pipe;
a vacuum suction filter having an inlet connected to a second supernatant suction tube, the inlet of the second supernatant suction tube being removably connectable to the outlet of the first supernatant suction tube to suction the supernatant through the vacuum suction filter; a filter membrane is detachably arranged at an inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe and is used for intercepting the micro-plastics in the supernatant;
a controller in communication with the screening assembly, the rotary motor, the ultrasonic crusher, and the vacuum filter.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a filter moving mechanism, wherein the filter moving mechanism comprises:
a base;
the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform is movably arranged on the base, and the vacuum suction filter is arranged on the upper part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform.
Optionally, a slide rail and a screw rod arranged in parallel with the slide rail are arranged on the base, a slide block is connected to the screw rod in a threaded manner, and the slide block is in sliding fit with the slide rail; one end of the screw rod is connected with the driving motor, and the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform is connected with the sliding block.
Optionally, the first doser and the second doser are both provided with a valve and a flow meter. The valve and the flowmeter are in communication connection with the controller.
Optionally, the ultrasonic crusher further comprises a back washing device, wherein the back washing device comprises a back washing pipeline and a back washing pump, the back washing pipeline is connected to the bottom of the ultrasonic crusher, the back washing pump is arranged on the back washing pipeline, and the back washing pump is used for pumping sodium iodide solution into the ultrasonic crusher.
Optionally, the agent capable of digesting feces comprises H 2 O 2 Solution and FeSO 4 And (3) solution.
Optionally, the filter membrane is a polycarbonate cellulose filter membrane.
Optionally, the feces to be detected comprise one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and duck manure.
Optionally, a heating device is arranged on the side wall of the body of the ultrasonic crusher.
Optionally, the heating device is a coil heater or a resistance wire heater.
The invention also provides a micro-plastic identification system which comprises a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer and the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer is arranged on the base through a support, and can be used for identifying, classifying, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing materials of micro-plastics intercepted on the filter screen.
Optionally, the micro plastic identification system further comprises a computer, and the laser induced breakdown spectrometer and the controller are both in communication connection with the computer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a device for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry excrement, which comprises a feeder, a screening component, a waste receiving container, an ultrasonic crusher, a centrifugal tube, a vacuum suction filter and a controller, wherein the excrement to be detected is quantitatively discharged from the feeder, in the discharging process, the excrement to be detected passes through a capacitor of the screening component, whether the excrement to be detected contains micro-plastics or not is judged through the capacitance change of the capacitor, if the excrement to be detected contains micro-plastics, the excrement is guided into the ultrasonic crusher through a guide plate, and if the excrement is detected to be excrement without micro-plastics, the excrement is guided into the waste receiving container through the guide plate, so that the problems of detection resource waste and reduction of working efficiency caused by the fact that the excrement without micro-plastics enters a subsequent detection procedure are solved. Adding chemicals into the excrement entering the ultrasonic crusher to digest, ultrasonically crush and the like, then entering a centrifugal tube, separating supernatant containing the micro-plastics, finally extracting the supernatant by a vacuum suction filter, and extracting the micro-plastics by a filter screen. The extraction equipment for the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure is novel and reasonable in structure and high in extraction precision, can realize rapid and efficient extraction of the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure, can completely separate grease and the micro-plastics in the manure under the condition that the livestock and poultry manure is completely digested, has the characteristics of high recovery rate and high extraction precision, can accurately and efficiently extract the fiber type micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure, and is favorable for popularization and application in clinical practice.
The micro-plastic identification system comprises the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment, the micro-plastic extracted by the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment is subjected to material identification, classification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis on the micro-plastic intercepted on the filter screen through a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer, and the operation is convenient and rapid. The micro-plastic identification system integrates micro-plastic extraction and micro-plastic identification detection, and has multiple functions and strong practicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro plastic identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the usage of the micro plastic identification device in the micro plastic identification system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a screening assembly in the micro plastic identification system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
100. extracting equipment for micro-plastics in livestock and poultry manure; 200. a laser induced breakdown spectrometer;
1. a feeder; 2. a capacitance measuring device; 2-1, a voltmeter; 2-2, an ammeter; 2-3, a power supply; 2-4, pole plates; 3. a material guide plate; 4. a rotating shaft; 5. a waste receiving container; 6. an ultrasonic pulverizer; 7. centrifuging the tube; 8. a first suction pump; 9. a second doser; 10. a first supernatant suction tube; 11. vacuum pumping and filtering; 12. a second supernatant suction tube; 13. filtering the membrane; 14. a base; 15. a three-dimensional adjusting platform; 16. back flushing the pipeline; 17. a backwash pump; 18. a support; 19. a computer; 20. and (6) feces to be detected.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide equipment for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure, which is used for solving the problem that the existing micro-plastic extraction method cannot be applied to extraction of the micro-plastics from the livestock and poultry manure.
The invention also aims to provide a micro-plastic identification system with the device for extracting micro-plastic from the livestock and poultry manure.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an apparatus 100 for extracting micro-plastic from livestock and poultry manure, which mainly comprises a feeder 1, a screening component, a waste receiving container 5, an ultrasonic crusher 6, a centrifuge tube 7, a vacuum suction filter 11 and a controller, wherein the feeder 1 is used for storing manure 20 to be detected, the bottom of the feeder 1 is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with a flow valve for realizing quantitative discharge of the manure 20 to be detected; the screening assembly comprises a capacitance measuring device 2 and a material guide plate 3 with an adjustable turning direction, the capacitance measuring device 2 comprises a voltmeter 2-1, an ammeter 2-2, a power supply 2-3 and a capacitor formed by two polar plates 2-4, the capacitor is positioned below a discharge port of the feeder 1, and the discharge port is positioned between the two polar plates 2-4; the two polar plates 2-4 are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply 2-3, an ammeter 2-2 is arranged between the anode of the power supply 2-3 and the polar plate 2-4 connected with the anode, the voltmeter 2-1 is connected in parallel with one side of the capacitor and is used for measuring the voltage between the two polar plates 2-4, and the capacitor is used for detecting whether the excrement 20 to be detected discharged from the discharge port contains micro plastic or not; the material guide plate 3 is positioned below the capacitor, the material guide plate 3 is connected with a rotating motor through a rotating shaft 4, and the material guide plate 3 is used for receiving excrement to be detected after the capacitor is detected; the waste receiving container 5 is positioned below the first end (left end) of the material guide plate 3, when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected does not contain micro-plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate 3 to rotate anticlockwise, namely the material guide plate 3 inclines towards the first end (left end) of the material guide plate 3, so that the excrement to be detected 20 without containing the micro-plastics is guided into the waste receiving container 5, subsequent processes such as digestion, extraction, detection and the like are not carried out any more, and waste of detection resources is avoided; the ultrasonic crusher 6 is positioned below the second end of the material guide plate 3, when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected contains micro-plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate 3 to rotate clockwise, namely the material guide plate 3 inclines towards the second end (right end) of the material guide plate 3, so that the excrement to be detected 20 containing the micro-plastics is guided into the ultrasonic crusher 6, and subsequent processes such as digestion, extraction, detection and the like are continuously carried out; a first medicine adding device is arranged on the ultrasonic crusher 6 and used for adding a medicament capable of digesting the excrement into the ultrasonic crusher 6 so as to digest the excrement; the ultrasonic crusher 6 can perform ultrasonic crushing on the digested excrement 20 to be detected; the centrifugal tube 7 is connected with the ultrasonic crusher 6 through a first suction pump 8, and the first suction pump 8 is used for sucking the excrement 20 to be detected in the ultrasonic crusher 6 into the centrifugal tube 7; a second doser 9 is arranged on the centrifuge tube 7, and the second doser 9 is used for adding a sodium iodide solution into the centrifuge tube 7 so as to stratify the excrement 20 to be detected to generate supernatant and precipitate; a first supernatant suction pipe 10 is arranged at the upper part of the centrifugal pipe 7; the inlet of the vacuum filter 11 is connected with a second supernatant suction pipe 12, and the inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe 12 can be detachably connected with the outlet of the first supernatant suction pipe 10, so that the supernatant in the centrifuge tube 7 can be sucked through the vacuum filter 11; a filter membrane 13 is detachably arranged at the inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe 12, and the filter membrane 13 is used for intercepting the micro-plastics in the supernatant; the controller is in communication connection with the screening assembly, the rotating motor, the ultrasonic crusher 6 and the vacuum filter 11 to control the opening and closing of each component and the linkage among the components.
In this embodiment, the detection principle of the capacitor is as follows: when the excrement 20 to be measured falls between the two polar plates 2-4, the capacitance of the capacitor changes along with the change of a medium between the two polar plates 2-4, the capacitance reactance of the circuit is calculated by measuring the current value and the voltage value in the circuit through the ammeter 2-2 and the voltmeter 2-1, and then the capacitance value and the dielectric constant of the medium are calculated; and comparing the dielectric constant with the existing historical experimental data (the experimental data is the dielectric constant generated when the feces to be detected which do not contain the micro plastic and have the same weight pass through the capacitor), and determining whether the feces contain the micro plastic particles. If the dielectric constant is the same as the current historical experimental data value, the feces does not contain the micro-plastics, and if the dielectric constant is different from the current historical experimental data value, particularly the dielectric constant is higher than the current historical experimental data value, the feces contains the micro-plastics. Whether the excrement contains micro plastic particles or not is judged through the determination of the dielectric constant of the capacitor medium, so that the uncertainty of the traditional identification method is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the subsequent identification result can be ensured.
The vacuum suction filter moving mechanism comprises a base 14 and a three-dimensional adjusting platform 15, wherein the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15 is movably arranged on the base 14, and the vacuum suction filter 11 is arranged on the upper part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15. As a preferred scheme, a slide rail and a screw rod arranged in parallel with the slide rail are arranged on the base 14, a slide block is connected to the screw rod in a threaded manner, and the slide block is in sliding fit with the slide rail; one end of the screw rod is connected with a driving motor, and the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15 is connected with the sliding block. The driving motor drives the screw rod to rotate, the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15 can be driven to integrally move along the sliding rail, and then the connection and the separation of the second supernatant suction pipe 12 and the first supernatant suction pipe 10 on the vacuum suction filter 11 are realized by adjusting the integral position of the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15. The connection between the inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe 12 and the outlet of the first supernatant suction pipe 10 can be by means of a sealed pipe connection, such as a PE pipe connection.
In this embodiment, the waste receptacle 5 may be a beaker or the like.
In this embodiment, the first doser and the second doser 9 are both provided with a valve and a flow meter. And the valve and the flowmeter are both in communication connection with the controller and are mainly used for controlling the addition of the medicament.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic crusher further comprises a backwashing device, the backwashing device comprises a backwashing pipeline 16 and a backwashing pump 17, the backwashing pipeline 16 is connected to the bottom of the ultrasonic crusher 6, the backwashing pump 17 is arranged on the backwashing pipeline 16, and the backwashing pump 17 is used for pumping a sodium iodide solution into the ultrasonic crusher 6.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned drug capable of digesting feces comprises H 2 O 2 Solution and FeSO 4 And (3) solution.
In this embodiment, the filter membrane 13 is preferably a polycarbonate cellulose filter membrane, and the polycarbonate cellulose filter membrane is embedded in a metal ring, the metal ring is used for stretching and flattening the filter membrane and reinforcing the edge of the filter membrane, and the metal tube can be clamped with the inside of the inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe 12, so as to realize the installation of the filter membrane 13 in the second supernatant suction pipe 12.
In this embodiment, the feces 20 to be detected is preferably one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, and duck manure.
In this embodiment, a heating device is disposed on the side wall of the ultrasonic crusher 6. The heating device can be a coil heater or a resistance wire heater, and can also be a water bath heating structure. For example, an annular cavity interlayer is sleeved on the outer wall of the ultrasonic crusher 6, and water at a certain temperature is circularly injected into the annular cavity interlayer, so that the annular cavity interlayer heats materials in the ultrasonic crusher in a water bath.
The following describes the method of using the above device for extracting micro-plastic from livestock and poultry feces in this embodiment with reference to specific examples:
quality control and pollution removal:
before extraction, the container, the ultrasonic crusher 6, the centrifuge tube 7 and the like are washed with ultrapure water for 1-2 times, and the reagent solution is filtered and then used.
(II) digestion of feces:
controlling a flow valve of the feeder 1, discharging 2-3g of excrement to be detected, and discharging the excrement detected by a capacitor into an ultrasonic crusher 6; at this time, the ultrasonic crusher 6 was used as a beaker without starting, and 10mL of 30 mass% H was added to the ultrasonic crusher 6 2 O 2 Adding 1mL of 10% FeSO into the solution 4 A solution;
then, the ultrasonic crusher 6 is heated in water bath for 1.5h at the temperature of 45 ℃, and then 1mL of FeSO with the mass fraction of 10 percent is added into the ultrasonic crusher 6 4 Standing the solution and 25mL of 0.5M NaOH solution at 20-25 ℃ for 24h to obtain a sample solution; after standing, starting an ultrasonic crusher 6, and carrying out ultrasonic crushing treatment on the sample solution, wherein the treatment time is 0.5h and the ultrasonic power is 400W; the ultrasonic crusher 6 was turned off.
(III) extracting the micro plastic:
starting the first suction pump 8 to transfer a part of the sample solution after the ultrasonication treatment, for example, 15mL, into the centrifuge tube 7, and adding 15mL of the sample solution with a mass fraction of 1.5g/cm into the centrifuge tube 7 through the second applicator 9 3 Uniformly mixing the NaI solution in a vortex mode, then carrying out first centrifugation at 8000XG and 4 ℃ for 8min to obtain a first supernatant and a first precipitate; then the first supernatant suction pipe 10 and the second supernatant suction pipe 12 are in sealed butt joint, and a vacuum suction filter 11 is started to carry out first vacuum suction filtration on the first supernatant;
transferring the residual sample solution in the ultrasonic crusher 6 to the same centrifuge tube 7 containing the first precipitate, and adding the mass fraction 1.5g/cm which is 2 times of the volume of the residual sample solution 3 The NaI solution is re-suspended and uniformly mixed, and then is centrifuged for the second time at 8000XG and 4 ℃ for 12min to obtain a second supernatant and a second precipitate; carrying out secondary vacuum filtration on the second supernatant by using the same filter membrane (namely the filter membrane for completing the primary vacuum filtration);
50mL of a 1.5g/cm mass fraction was added to the ultrasonic pulverizer 6 (at which time the sample solution in the ultrasonic pulverizer 6 was completely transferred out) by starting the backwash pump 17 3 Washing the NaI solution, pumping the washing solution into the same centrifugal tube 7 containing the second precipitate (namely, the same centrifugal tube 7 used for the first centrifugation and the second centrifugation) after the washing, and then carrying out the third centrifugation to obtain a third supernatant and a third precipitate; carrying out vacuum filtration on the third supernatant by using the same filter membrane (namely the filter membrane for completing the second vacuum filtration); in the step, the filter membranes used for the first vacuum filtration, the second vacuum filtration and the third vacuum filtration of different supernatants are the same, and the filter membrane is preferably a polycarbonate cellulose filter membrane with a diameter of 47mm and a pore diameter of 10 μm.
Therefore, the effect of fully extracting the micro-plastic contained in the excrement can be achieved by repeatedly digesting and extracting the centrifugal precipitate.
(IV) observation of results:
adjusting the driving motor to drive the screw rod to rotate, adjusting the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15 simultaneously, placing the filter membrane which completes the three times of vacuum filtration at the inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe 12 under the corresponding micro-plastic detection equipment for observation to obtain an extraction result.
Therefore, the extraction equipment for the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry excrement provided by the embodiment comprises a feeder, a screening assembly, a waste receiving container, an ultrasonic crusher, a centrifugal tube, a vacuum suction filter and a controller, wherein the excrement to be detected is quantitatively discharged by the feeder, in the discharging process, the excrement to be detected can pass through a capacitor of the screening assembly, whether the excrement to be detected contains the micro-plastics or not is judged through capacitor capacitance change, if the excrement is the excrement containing the micro-plastics, the excrement is guided into the ultrasonic crusher by a guide plate, if the excrement is detected as the excrement not containing the micro-plastics, the excrement is guided into the waste receiving container by the guide plate, and the problems that the excrement not containing the micro-plastics in the excrement enters a subsequent detection program, the detection resources are wasted and the working efficiency is reduced are avoided. Adding medicine into feces in an ultrasonic crusher, digesting, ultrasonically crushing and the like, then feeding the feces into a centrifugal tube, separating supernatant containing micro-plastics, finally extracting the supernatant by a vacuum filter, and extracting the micro-plastics by a filter screen. The extraction equipment for the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure is novel and reasonable in structure and high in extraction precision, can realize rapid and efficient extraction of the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure, can completely separate grease and the micro-plastics in the manure under the condition that the livestock and poultry manure is completely digested, has the characteristics of high recovery rate and high extraction precision, can accurately and efficiently extract the fiber type micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure, and is favorable for popularization and application in clinical practice.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a micro plastic identification system, which includes a laser induced breakdown spectrometer 200 and a device 100 for extracting micro plastic from livestock and poultry manure as described in the first embodiment, the laser induced breakdown spectrometer is disposed on a base 14 through a bracket 18, after the device 100 for extracting micro plastic from livestock and poultry manure finishes micro plastic extraction, the vacuum filter 11 and the second supernatant suction pipe 12 are moved synchronously by adjusting a three-dimensional adjusting platform 15, and the vacuum filter 11 and the second supernatant suction pipe 12 are moved to a laser irradiation area of the laser induced breakdown spectrometer 200 in coordination with movement of the three-dimensional adjusting platform 15 on a base sliding rail, as shown in fig. 2, the vacuum filter 11 and the second supernatant suction pipe 12 are located below the laser induced breakdown spectrometer 200, and at this time, the laser induced breakdown spectrometer 200 is activated, so that identification, classification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of materials can be performed on the micro plastic intercepted on a filter screen. The Laser-induced breakdown Spectroscopy (Laser-induced breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS for short) is an existing instrument, and the working principle of the instrument is as follows: the plasma generated by ultrashort pulse laser is used for ablating and exciting the substances into the micro plastic, and the spectrum emitted by the atoms excited by the plasma is obtained through a spectrometer, so that the element composition in the micro plastic is identified, and the micro plastic material can be identified, classified, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.
The micro plastic identification system in this embodiment further includes a computer 19, and the laser induced breakdown spectrometer 200 and the controller are both in communication connection with the computer 19. The computer 19 is provided with a display, can assist the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer 200 to display the spectrum of the identified sample, and realizes the identification and detection of the micro plastic particles in the livestock and poultry manure by using matched software.
The micro-plastic identification system comprises the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment, micro-plastic extracted by the micro-plastic extraction equipment in the livestock and poultry excrement is subjected to identification, classification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of materials by the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer on the micro-plastic intercepted on the filter screen, and the operation is convenient and fast. The micro-plastic identification system integrates micro-plastic extraction and micro-plastic identification detection, and has multiple functions and strong practicability.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the foregoing, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Claims (10)
1. An equipment for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a feeder, a flow valve and a controller, wherein the feeder is used for storing excrement to be detected, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the feeder, and the discharge hole is provided with the flow valve and used for realizing quantitative discharge of the excrement to be detected;
the screening assembly comprises a capacitance measuring device and a material guide plate with an adjustable turning direction, the capacitance measuring device comprises a voltmeter, an ammeter, a power supply and a capacitor consisting of two polar plates, the capacitor is positioned below the discharge port, and the discharge port is positioned between the two polar plates; the two pole plates are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply, the ammeter is arranged between the anode of the power supply and the pole plates, the voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage between the two pole plates, and the capacitor is used for detecting whether the excrement to be detected discharged from the discharge hole contains micro-plastics or not; the material guide plate is positioned below the capacitor and is connected with a rotating motor through a rotating shaft, and the material guide plate is used for bearing the excrement to be detected after the capacitor is detected;
the waste receiving container is positioned below the first end of the material guide plate, and when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected does not contain micro-plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate to incline towards the first end of the material guide plate so as to guide the excrement to be detected without the micro-plastics into the waste receiving container;
the ultrasonic crusher is positioned below the second end of the material guide plate, and when the capacitor detects that the excrement to be detected contains the micro-plastics, the rotating motor drives the material guide plate to incline towards the second end of the material guide plate so as to guide the excrement to be detected containing the micro-plastics into the ultrasonic crusher; the ultrasonic crusher can perform ultrasonic crushing on the excrement to be detected; a first doser is arranged on the ultrasonic crusher and used for adding a medicament capable of digesting excrement into the ultrasonic crusher;
the centrifugal tube is connected with the ultrasonic crusher through a first suction pump, and the first suction pump is used for sucking the excrement to be detected in the ultrasonic crusher into the centrifugal tube; a second doser is arranged on the centrifugal tube and used for adding a sodium iodide solution into the centrifugal tube so as to stratify the feces to be detected to generate supernatant and precipitate; a first supernatant liquid suction pipe is arranged at the upper part of the centrifugal pipe;
a vacuum filter, wherein an inlet of the vacuum filter is connected with a second supernatant suction pipe, and an inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe can be detachably connected with an outlet of the first supernatant suction pipe so as to suck the supernatant through the vacuum filter; a filter membrane is detachably arranged at an inlet of the second supernatant suction pipe and is used for intercepting the micro-plastics in the supernatant;
a controller in communication with the screening assembly, the rotary motor, the ultrasonic crusher, and the vacuum filter.
2. The apparatus for extracting micro plastic from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, further comprising a filter moving mechanism, wherein the filter moving mechanism comprises:
a base;
the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform is movably arranged on the base, and the vacuum pumping filter is arranged on the upper part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform.
3. The extraction equipment of the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2, characterized in that a slide rail and a screw rod arranged in parallel with the slide rail are arranged on the base, a slide block is connected to the screw rod in a threaded manner, and the slide block is in sliding fit with the slide rail; one end of the screw rod is connected with the driving motor, and the lower part of the three-dimensional adjusting platform is connected with the sliding block.
4. The extraction equipment for the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a valve and a flow meter are arranged on each of the first doser and the second doser.
5. The extraction equipment for the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by further comprising a back washing device, wherein the back washing device comprises a back washing pipeline and a back washing pump, the back washing pipeline is connected to the bottom of the ultrasonic crusher, the back washing pump is arranged on the back washing pipeline, and the back washing pump is used for pumping a sodium iodide solution into the ultrasonic crusher.
6. The apparatus for extracting micropolastic materials from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the agent capable of digesting manure comprises H 2 O 2 Solution and FeSO 4 And (3) solution.
7. The apparatus for extracting microplastic in livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the filter membrane is a polycarbonate cellulose filter membrane.
8. The device for extracting micro-plastics from livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the manure to be detected comprises one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and duck manure.
9. The extraction equipment of the micro-plastics in the livestock and poultry manure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a heating device is arranged on the side wall of the body of the ultrasonic crusher.
10. A micro-plastic identification system is characterized by comprising a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer and the livestock and poultry excrement micro-plastic extraction equipment as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectrometer is arranged on the base through a support, and can be used for identifying, classifying, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing materials of micro-plastics intercepted on the filter screen.
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