CN115333646A - Underwater acoustic communicator and signal automatic gain control method thereof - Google Patents
Underwater acoustic communicator and signal automatic gain control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a signal automatic gain control method and a signal automatic gain control device of an underwater acoustic communicator, and relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic communication. A group of characteristic waveform detection loops and an effective data frame receiving loop are added in an underwater acoustic communicator, a group of characteristic waveforms are sent out of the front of an effective data frame, signal attenuation is calculated according to the amplitude intensity of the characteristic waveforms received by an underwater acoustic communicator at a receiving end, and then a signal amplification gain value required by the effective data frame receiving loop is determined, so that the dynamic adjustment of the amplification gain of the receiving loop is realized, the problem that the received signal intensity is insufficient and the normal demodulation cannot be carried out due to too long signal transmission distance or transmission medium change can be effectively inhibited, the maximum effective working distance of the underwater acoustic communicator is favorably increased, the conversation quality is improved, and the underwater acoustic communicator is suitable for application occasions which need to be used in fresh water and seawater and has larger communication distance span.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater acoustic communication, in particular to an underwater acoustic communicator and a signal automatic gain control method thereof.
Background
In the underwater acoustic communication process, an underwater acoustic transducer is generally used as an electroacoustic transducer to realize the mutual conversion between acoustic energy and electric energy. However, due to the band-pass frequency response characteristic of the underwater acoustic transducer, the practical available frequency band is limited, and the sufficient electroacoustic conversion sensitivity can be kept only in a narrower frequency band so as to ensure the reliability of underwater acoustic communication. Therefore, in the actual communication process, the remote transmission of communication data is often realized by adopting an amplitude modulation mode, and the communication carrier frequency is set near the resonance frequency of the underwater acoustic transducer so as to obtain the optimal electroacoustic conversion sensitivity.
The modulation method reduces the influence of the narrow-band characteristic of the underwater acoustic transducer on the effective distance of underwater acoustic communication from the source, and improves the strength of the original excitation signal to the maximum extent. However, with the increase of the communication distance, the attenuation of the water medium to the sound wave signal intensity is exponentially multiplied, so that the signal intensity received at a long distance is weaker and weaker, even the signal intensity is completely submerged in the environmental noise, effective communication data cannot be extracted from the signal intensity, and the maximum effective working distance of the underwater acoustic communicator is limited. On the other hand, because the amplitude modulation method is adopted to realize data communication, along with the increase of the communication distance, the integral attenuation of the signal intensity can also cause the corresponding attenuation of the demodulated data intensity, so that the demodulated data intensity is more easily influenced by environmental noise, and the demodulated data reduction degree is influenced.
In order to solve the above problems, a conventional method is to add a signal amplifier circuit in a signal receiving circuit, set multiple signal amplifiers with different gains according to the requirement of communication distance, perform hardware amplification processing on an original received signal, when the received signal strength is high, use the output signal of a low-gain signal amplifier as the original signal to perform analog-to-digital conversion and subsequent demodulation processing, otherwise use the output signal of a high-gain signal amplifier as the original signal. Meanwhile, the data after analog-to-digital conversion is subjected to normalization processing and software amplification by using a software program, so that the intensity of original data at different communication distances is improved, and the reducibility and the communication reliability of the data are ensured.
The method has certain effect on underwater acoustic communication at medium and short distances. However, as the communication distance increases, the difference between the received signal strength in the long-distance communication and the received signal strength in the short-distance communication may be thousands of times, which requires a multi-channel signal amplifying circuit to prevent the signal from saturation in the short-distance communication and insufficient in the long-distance communication. In addition, because the amplitude information of the amplitude-modulated signal contains effective communication data information, the traditional automatic gain controller cannot be used for data amplification processing, and only a signal amplifier with fixed gain can be used, the dynamic characteristic of a signal amplification circuit is poor, and the problem of inconsistent sound volume is easy to occur particularly in underwater voice communication application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater acoustic communicator and a signal automatic gain control method thereof, which solve the problems of poor dynamic characteristics and poor communication effect after signal amplification caused by using fixed gain during long-distance underwater acoustic communication.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a signal automatic gain control method of an underwater acoustic communicator comprises the following steps:
the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end transmits an effective data frame and a characteristic waveform for representing signal attenuation, wherein the characteristic waveform has a preset frequency;
and the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end receives the effective data frame and the characteristic waveform, and the effective data frame receiving loop amplifies the effective data frame after the underwater acoustic communicator automatically adjusts an amplification gain value of an effective data frame receiving loop based on the signal attenuation degree of the characteristic waveform.
The further technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, before an underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end sends an effective data frame, a group of characteristic waveforms are sent to represent signal attenuation, the effective data frame is sent after delay time, and the underwater acoustic communicator at a receiving end is in a data receiving state;
s2, an underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end receives the characteristic waveform, analyzes and calculates the characteristic waveform to obtain corresponding signal attenuation degree, and further calculates to obtain an amplification gain value required in an effective data frame receiving loop according to the signal attenuation degree;
and S3, in the delay time, the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the receiving end adjusts amplification gain, receives the effective data frame and then performs amplification processing, so that the consistency of signal amplitude magnitude levels in different application environments is ensured.
In the step S2, an analog-to-digital converter of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the receiving end converts the received waveform signal into a digital signal, a CPU of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the receiving end continuously reads a conversion result of the analog-to-digital converter, and determines whether the frequency of the received signal is consistent with the preset frequency, and if so, the received signal is considered to have a characteristic waveform.
A further technical solution is that in the step S2, the characteristic waveform detection circuit in the underwater acoustic communicator as the receiving end receives the characteristic waveform in a manner of keeping the amplification gain at a maximum value.
According to a further technical scheme, when the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end judges that a characteristic waveform is received, if the signal amplitude converted by the analog-to-digital converter is saturated, the CPU automatically reduces the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier until the signal amplitude is not saturated any more.
The technical scheme is that the characteristic waveform is a continuous constant-amplitude sine wave signal, the preset frequency of the characteristic waveform is consistent with the channel frequency of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the transmitting end, the period is not less than 20 signal periods, and the signal amplitude is not less than 1V.
The further technical scheme is that the signal attenuation degree calculation formula is as follows:
k＝AsG 0 /A 0 Gs
wherein k is the signal attenuation degree; as is the signal amplitude when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated; gs is the amplification gain of a programmable gain amplifier in the characteristic waveform detection loop when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated; g 0 When the distance between the underwater acoustic communicator at the transmitting end and the receiving end under the open water area is 1 meter, the amplification gain value of the programmable gain amplifier in the characteristic waveform detection loop is just enabled when the signal amplitude after the analog-to-digital conversion of the characteristic waveform is not saturated; a. The 0 Is G 0 Corresponding signal amplitude.
The further technical scheme is that the calculation formula of the amplification gain value required in the effective data frame receiving loop is as follows:
G＝1/k
wherein G is an amplification gain value, and k is a signal attenuation degree.
In the delay time, the underwater acoustic communicator as the transmitting end does not send any data and keeps a mute state.
A further technical solution is that the underwater acoustic communicator may be used as both a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the underwater acoustic communicator includes:
a transducer;
a signal transmitting loop, wherein the signal transmitting loop is communicatively connected to the transducer, when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a transmitting end, the signal transmitting loop of the underwater acoustic communicator transmits a valid data frame and a characteristic waveform for representing the signal attenuation degree to another underwater acoustic communicator which is used as a receiving end through the transducer;
a signature detection circuit, wherein the signature detection circuit is communicably connected to the transducer, and when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a receiving end, the signature detection circuit performs amplification filtering processing on the signature received from the underwater acoustic communicator at the receiving end and converts the amplified signature into a digital signal;
a valid data frame receiving circuit, wherein the valid data frame receiving circuit is communicatively connected to the transducer, and the valid data frame receiving circuit amplifies and filters the received valid data frame and converts the amplified valid data frame into a digital signal; and
a CPU communicably connected to the characteristic waveform detection circuit and the valid data frame reception circuit, when the underwater acoustic communicator is a receiving side, the valid data frame reception circuit performs an amplification process on the valid data frame after the CPU automatically adjusts an amplification gain value for the valid data frame reception circuit based on a signal attenuation degree of the characteristic waveform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of sending a group of characteristic waveforms outside the front of an effective data frame, calculating according to the amplitude intensity of the characteristic waveforms received by an underwater acoustic voice communicator at a receiving end to obtain the signal attenuation degree, further determining the signal amplification gain value required by a receiving loop of the effective data frame, realizing dynamic adjustment of the amplification gain of the receiving loop, effectively suppressing the problem that the received signal intensity is insufficient and the normal demodulation cannot be carried out due to the fact that the signal transmission distance is too long or a transmission medium changes, being beneficial to improving the maximum effective working distance of the underwater acoustic communicator, improving the communication quality, being applicable to application occasions needing to be used in fresh water and seawater and having large communication distance span.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an underwater acoustic communicator according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of data transmission of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of data receiving of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an underwater acoustic communicator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:
a transducer;
a signal transmitting circuit, wherein the signal transmitting circuit is communicatively connected to the transducer, wherein when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a transmitting end, the signal transmitting circuit of the underwater acoustic communicator transmits a valid data frame and a characteristic waveform for representing signal attenuation degree to another underwater acoustic communicator which is used as a receiving end through the transducer;
a signature detection circuit, wherein the signature detection circuit is communicably connected to the transducer, and when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a receiving end, the signature detection circuit performs amplification filtering processing on the signature received from the underwater acoustic communicator at the receiving end and converts the amplified signature into a digital signal;
a valid data frame receiving circuit, wherein the valid data frame receiving circuit is communicably connected to the transducer, and the valid data frame receiving circuit performs an amplification filtering process on the received valid data frame and converts the valid data frame into a digital signal; and
and the CPU is connected with the characteristic waveform detection circuit and the effective data frame receiving circuit in a passable way, and when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a receiving end, the effective data frame receiving circuit amplifies the effective data frame after the CPU automatically adjusts an amplification gain value of the effective data frame receiving circuit based on the signal attenuation degree of the characteristic waveform.
The underwater acoustic communicator can be used as a transmitting end and a receiving end.
The programmable gain amplifier is composed of an integrated chip, can be electrically connected with a CPU through an SPI or I2C communication interface, and can set the amplification gain value of the programmable gain amplifier in a mode that the CPU sends set instruction data, and the maximum settable amplification gain value of the programmable gain amplifier is not lower than 30dB. The filter circuit is composed of a band-pass filter, can adopt a passive filter circuit or an active filter circuit, and is used for filtering noise signals existing in the received signals.
The using process comprises the following steps:
when the valid data frame needs to be sent, the underwater acoustic speech communicator serving as the transmitting end firstly sends a group of characteristic waveforms for representing the signal attenuation degree, and sends the valid data frame after a fixed delay time, as shown in fig. 2. The characteristic waveform continuous constant-amplitude sine wave signal has preset frequency, the preset frequency is consistent with the channel frequency of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the transmitting end, the signal period number can be set arbitrarily but is not lower than 20 signal periods, the signal amplitude is a fixed value and is not lower than 1V, and the characteristic waveform continuous constant-amplitude sine wave signal is automatically generated by the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the transmitting end before an effective data frame is sent and is output through a transducer. The effective data frame refers to a voice data frame after amplitude modulation, wherein the carrier frequency used by amplitude modulation is consistent with the channel frequency of the underwater voice communicator at the transmitting end. The delay time is a fixed value, and the underwater acoustic voice communicator does not send any data in the delay time interval and keeps a mute state.
As shown in fig. 3, the underwater acoustic voice communicator as the receiving end is in a data receiving state by default, the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier in the characteristic waveform detection loop is set to a maximum value by default, the CPU continuously reads the conversion result of the analog-to-digital converter and judges whether the signal frequency is consistent with the device channel frequency, if so, the CPU considers that the received signal has a characteristic waveform, and if the signal amplitude after the analog-to-digital conversion is saturated, the CPU automatically reduces the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier until the signal amplitude is not saturated, and at this time, the corresponding signal attenuation k is calculated as follows:
k＝AsG 0 /A 0 Gs
wherein As is the signal amplitude when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated, gs is the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier in the characteristic waveform detection circuit when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated, G 0 When the distance between the underwater sound communication devices at the transmitting end and the receiving end is 1 meter under an open water area, the amplification gain value A of a programmable gain amplifier in a characteristic waveform detection loop is just enabled to be not saturated when the signal amplitude after the analog-to-digital conversion of the characteristic waveform is enabled to be not saturated 0 Is the corresponding signal amplitude in this case.
After the underwater acoustic voice communicator serving as a receiving end calculates the signal attenuation degree, the amplifying gain value G required by the programmable gain amplifier in the effective data frame receiving loop is further calculated according to the signal attenuation degree, the amplifying gain of the programmable gain amplifier in the effective data frame receiving loop is reset in delay time, the amplifying processing of the effective data frame is further completed, and the consistency of signal amplitude magnitude orders under different application environments is ensured, wherein the calculating formula of the amplifying gain value G required by the programmable gain amplifier in the effective data frame receiving loop is as follows:
G＝1/k。
although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A signal automatic gain control method of an underwater acoustic communicator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end transmits an effective data frame and a characteristic waveform for representing signal attenuation, wherein the characteristic waveform has a preset frequency;
and the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end receives the effective data frame and the characteristic waveform, and after the underwater acoustic communicator automatically adjusts an amplification gain value of an effective data frame receiving loop based on the signal attenuation degree of the characteristic waveform, the effective data frame receiving loop amplifies the effective data frame.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
s1, before an underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end sends an effective data frame, a group of characteristic waveforms are sent to represent signal attenuation, the effective data frame is sent after delay time, and the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end is in a data receiving state;
s2, an underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end receives the characteristic waveform, analyzes and calculates the characteristic waveform to obtain corresponding signal attenuation degree, and further calculates to obtain an amplification gain value required in an effective data frame receiving loop according to the signal attenuation degree;
and S3, in the delay time, the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the receiving end adjusts the amplification gain, and performs amplification processing after receiving the effective data frame.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the analog-to-digital converter of the underwater acoustic communicator as the receiving end converts the received waveform signal into a digital signal, the CPU of the underwater acoustic communicator as the receiving end continuously reads the conversion result of the analog-to-digital converter, and determines whether the frequency of the received signal is consistent with the preset frequency, and if so, the received signal is determined to have the characteristic waveform.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the characteristic waveform detection loop in the underwater acoustic communicator is configured to receive the characteristic waveform in a manner to maintain the amplification gain at a maximum value.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the underwater acoustic communicator at the receiving end determines that the characteristic waveform is received, if the amplitude of the signal converted by the analog-to-digital converter is saturated, the CPU automatically reduces the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier until the amplitude of the signal is not saturated.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the characteristic waveform is a continuous constant-amplitude sine wave signal, the preset frequency of the characteristic waveform is consistent with the channel frequency of the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the transmitting end, the period is not less than 20 signal periods, and the signal amplitude is not less than 1V.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the signal attenuation degree calculation formula is as follows:
k＝AsG 0 /A 0 Gs
wherein k is the signal attenuation degree; as is the signal amplitude when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated; gs is the amplification gain of the programmable gain amplifier of the characteristic waveform detection loop when the signal amplitude is no longer saturated; g 0 The distance between the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a transmitting end and the underwater acoustic communicator serving as a receiving end in an open water area is 1 meter, and when the amplitude of a signal converted by the analog-to-digital converter of the characteristic waveform is not saturated, the amplification gain value of the programmable gain amplifier of the characteristic waveform detection loop is obtained; a. The 0 Is G 0 The corresponding signal amplitude.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the calculation formula of the amplification gain value required in the valid data frame receiving loop is as follows:
G＝1/k
wherein G is an amplification gain value, and k is a signal attenuation degree.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and in the delay time, the underwater acoustic communicator serving as the transmitting end does not send any data, and keeps a mute state.
10. An underwater acoustic communicator that can function as both a transmitting end and a receiving end, comprising:
a transducer;
a signal transmitting loop, wherein the signal transmitting loop is communicatively connected to the transducer, when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a transmitting end, the signal transmitting loop of the underwater acoustic communicator transmits a valid data frame and a characteristic waveform for representing the signal attenuation degree to another underwater acoustic communicator which is used as a receiving end through the transducer;
a signature detection circuit, wherein the signature detection circuit is communicably connected to the transducer, and when the underwater acoustic communicator is used as a receiving end, the signature detection circuit performs amplification filtering processing on the signature received from the underwater acoustic communicator at the receiving end and converts the amplified signature into a digital signal;
a valid data frame receiving circuit, wherein the valid data frame receiving circuit is communicably connected to the transducer, and the valid data frame receiving circuit performs an amplification filtering process on the received valid data frame and converts the valid data frame into a digital signal; and
a CPU communicably connected to the characteristic waveform detection circuit and the valid data frame reception circuit, when the underwater acoustic communicator is a receiving side, the valid data frame reception circuit performs an amplification process on the valid data frame after the CPU automatically adjusts an amplification gain value for the valid data frame reception circuit based on a signal attenuation degree of the characteristic waveform.
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Denomination of invention: An underwater acoustic communicator and its signal automatic gain control method Granted publication date: 20230728 Pledgee: Kunming Dongfeng Sub branch of Bank of China Ltd. Pledgor: Yunnan poly Tiantong underwater equipment Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980022270 |
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