CN115332541A - Sandwich-structured flexible negative current collector and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sandwich-structured flexible negative current collector and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115332541A CN115332541A CN202211123420.XA CN202211123420A CN115332541A CN 115332541 A CN115332541 A CN 115332541A CN 202211123420 A CN202211123420 A CN 202211123420A CN 115332541 A CN115332541 A CN 115332541A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a sandwich-structured flexible negative current collector and application thereof, wherein the negative current collector comprises a metal lithium foil; and carbon nanotube bundling layers arranged on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil. The lithium ion battery cathode current collector has the advantages that the amount of metal elementary lithium capable of being stored by the cathode current collector is high, and the lithium ion consumption can be well supplemented in the battery cycle process and the first discharge; excellent conductivity (the conductivity reaches 10) 6 ~10 8 S/m); the carbon nano tube cluster has high viscosity, is tightly adhered to the metal lithium foil, and is not easy to have the defects of powder falling, fracture and the like. Prepared by the negative current collectorThe full battery assembled by the negative pole pieces has high cycle performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of current collectors, and particularly relates to a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the explosion of the lithium ion battery industry, new technology is continuously updated and iterated, and both power batteries and 3C batteries are pursuing higher energy density, such as current collecting body thinning, high-voltage positive electrode materials, lithium-rich manganese materials and the like, so that the batteries can exert higher energy and the cruising ability of electronic equipment is improved.
In the structure of the lithium ion battery, 5 to 10 percent of Li in the positive electrode material is consumed for the first charge and discharge + Leading to functional Li + In order to solve this problem, experts and scholars have proposed various lithium-supplementing techniques such as lithium supplementation for positive electrodes, lithium supplementation for negative electrodes, and lithium supplementation for electrolytes, which all have achieved certain effects, but have met with many technical barriers in practical operation, such as oxidation, stability, commercialization, etc. of materials. The SEI film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode material during the first charge and discharge, so that part of lithium ions cannot return to the positive electrode material, the percentage of the lithium ions exerted by the lithium ion battery in the using process is reduced, and the energy density of the whole battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure, and a preparation method and an application thereof.
The invention provides a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure, which comprises a metal lithium foil;
and carbon nanotube bundling layers arranged on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure provided by the present invention, wherein 1 is a carbon nanotube bundling layer, and 2 is a metallic lithium foil.
In the present invention, the thickness of the lithium metal foil is 1 to 20 μm; according to the invention, the metal lithium foil is used as the composite matrix material, and the lithium foil can provide lithium ions in the body to be transmitted to the anode material in the discharging process, so that the lithium ion loss caused by an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film is supplemented, and the use energy density of the battery is improved by 5-30%.
The thickness of the carbon nano tube bundling layer is 1-50 mu m; the surface density of the carbon nano tube bundling layer is 1-20 mg/cm 2 . The carbon nano tube cluster is generated in a high-temperature furnace, is drawn out in a drawing mode, is deposited on the surface of a lithium foil, and is drawn and folded back and forth to form a carbon nano tube cluster layer which can be tightly combined with the lithium foil, the porosity of the carbon nano tube cluster layer is 90-98%, a large number of pore structures exist in the carbon nano tube cluster body, and the lithium ion quick transmission of the lithium foil can be realized. The contact angle between the carbon nanotube collecting and dredging layer and the electrolyte<5 degrees; the electric conductivity of the carbon nano tube collecting and dredging layer is 10 6 ~10 8 S/m。
The negative electrode current collector provided by the invention has good flexibility, an energy power scheme is provided for the development of flexible wearable electronic devices, the trend of using flexible batteries for skin electronic devices is gradually clear in the future, and the technology has reference significance.
The invention provides a preparation method of a sandwich-structure flexible negative current collector, which comprises the following steps:
and the carbon nanotube bundles are respectively tiled on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil to obtain the sandwich-structured flexible negative current collector.
In the invention, the carbon nanotube bundle is prepared according to the following method:
dissolving ferrocene and thiophene to obtain a mixed solution;
and carrying out cracking reaction on the mixed solution to obtain the carbon nano tube cluster.
In the invention, the concentration of ferrocene in the mixed solution is 5-15 mg/mL, and the concentration of thiophene is 1-5 muL/mL; the temperature of the cracking reaction is 1000-1600 ℃.
According to the invention, the metal lithium foil is preferably paved on the smooth glass surface, and the carbon nanotube bundling layers are deposited on two opposite surfaces of the lithium foil in situ to form the sandwich structure composite membrane. The carbon nano tube is bunched into a porous shape, the porosity is as high as 90-98%, and the area density is 1-20 mg/cm 2 And the pre-lithiated composite film is the negative current collector. The prelithiation process is performed in a closed environment filled with Ar gas.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery which is prepared by the following method:
coating the surface of the negative current collector with negative slurry, and drying to obtain a negative plate; coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and drying to obtain a positive electrode plate;
and assembling the negative plate, the diaphragm and the positive plate into a cell monomer, welding a tab, and injecting electrolyte after packaging to obtain the battery.
In the present invention, the surface density of the positive electrode sheet is 4 to 30mg/cm 2 The thickness of the positive plate is 5-500 mu m; the surface density of the negative plate is 2-20 mg/cm 2 The thickness of the negative plate is 5-500 μm. The solid content of the anode slurry is 30-75%, and the solid content of the cathode slurry is 30-70%. The positive electrode slurry includes: a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder and NMP; the negative electrode slurry includes a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and NMP. The coating process is carried out in an Ar environment and dried.
The number of the positive plates, the diaphragms and the negative plates in the single battery cell can be increased according to needs, but the positive plates and the negative plates need to be separated by the diaphragms, and the two surfaces of the outermost layer of the battery cell are laminated by the negative plates or are wound into a roll core structure by adopting the arrangement mode of the negative plates, the diaphragms, the positive plates and the diaphragms. The mode of welding the pole lug is ultrasonic mode welding or laser mode welding. The invention adopts aluminum plastic film for packaging, and vacuum drying is carried out for 24 hours at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ after packaging. The electrolyte was injected into the glove box at a moisture content of <20 ppm. The electrolyte is preferably a conventional electrolyte well known to those skilled in the art. The carbon nano tube cluster has strong wettability with electrolyte, and the contact angle is less than 5 degrees.
The invention provides a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure, which comprises a metal lithium foil; and carbon nanotube bundling layers arranged on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil. The lithium ion battery cathode current collector has the advantages that the amount of metal elementary lithium capable of being stored by the cathode current collector is high, and the lithium ion consumption can be well supplemented in the battery cycle process and the first discharge; excellent conductivity (the conductivity reaches 10) 6 ~10 8 S/m); the carbon nano tube cluster has high viscosity, is tightly adhered to the metal lithium foil, and is not easy to have the defects of powder falling, fracture and the like. The full battery assembled by the negative plate prepared by the negative current collector has high cycle performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe in detail a flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure, and its preparation method and application, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step 1: the preparation method of the carbon nano tube bundle comprises the following steps:
dissolving ferrocene and thiophene into a third solvent to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the concentration of ferrocene in the mixed solution is 10mg/mL, the concentration of thiophene is 3 muL/mL, the third solvent comprises methanol and n-hexane, and the volume ratio of the methanol to the n-hexane is 10;
introducing the obtained mixed solution into a cracking furnace for cracking reaction to obtain a carbon nano tube cluster; wherein the temperature of the cracking reaction is 1400 ℃, and the time is 30min;
drawing the carbon nanotube bundle in a stretching mode, and depositing the carbon nanotube bundle on a lithium metal foil substrate with a wet surface to form the sandwich-structured flexible negative current collector;
step 2: spreading a metal foil with a thickness of 10 μm on a smooth glass surface, growing carbon nanotube cluster on the surface of the lithium foil in situThe carbon nano tube bundle is catalyzed and grown at a high temperature of 1400 ℃, then the carbon nano tube bundle is flatly paved on the surface of a metal lithium foil, the thickness of the flatly paved carbon nano tube bundle is 20 mu m, the carbon nano tube bundle with the thickness of 20 mu m is deposited on the back surface of the lithium foil in the same way after the front surface is manufactured, a composite film material with a sandwich structure is formed, the carbon nano tube bundle is porous, the porosity is as high as 95%, and the area density is 10mg/cm 2 The pre-lithiation process is carried out in a sealed environment filled with Ar gas, and the pre-lithiated composite membrane is used as a negative electrode current collector.
And step 3: preparing a positive plate and a negative plate; the positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive active material borne by the surface of the current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material borne by the surface of the current collector, and the positive current collector and the negative current collector are respectively an aluminum foil and the pre-lithiated carbon nanotube film material in the step 1; coating positive electrode slurry (lithium cobaltate, SP, PVDF and NMP) with the solid content of 70% on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, coating negative electrode slurry (artificial graphite, SP, PVDF and NMP) with the solid content of 60% on the surface of the carbon nanotube membrane subjected to pre-lithiation in the step 1, drying and storing in vacuum in an Ar environment by using a negative electrode coating process, wherein the surface density of a positive electrode sheet is 20mg/cm 2 The thickness is 200 mu m, and the surface density of the negative plate is 10mg/cm 2 The thickness was 150. Mu.m.
And 4, step 4: sequentially stacking and assembling a negative plate, a diaphragm and a positive plate into a single battery cell in a double-layer manner and welding a tab; the diaphragm is a composite diaphragm coated with glue on one side and alumina on the other side; then packaging by adopting an aluminum plastic film;
and 5: vacuum drying at 100 deg.C for 24h, and injecting electrolyte into the glove box with water content of 10ppm, wherein the electrolyte is conventional electrolyte.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the thickness of the lithium metal foil used in this example is 5 μm.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the thickness of the lithium metal foil used in this example is 15 μm.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the thickness of the lithium metal foil used in this example was 20 μm.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the front and back deposition thickness of the carbon nanotube bundle in this example is 5 μm.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the front and back deposition thickness of the carbon nanotube bundle in this example is 10 μm.
Example 7
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the deposition thickness of the front and back sides of the carbon nanotube bundle is 15 μm.
Example 8
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the deposition thickness of the front and back sides of the carbon nanotube bundle is 25 μm.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that the growth temperature of the carbon nanotube cluster high temperature furnace in this example is 1500 ℃.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that the growth temperature of the carbon nanotube cluster high temperature furnace of this example is 1550 ℃.
Comparative example
The carbon nano tube cluster is directly formed into a film to be used as a negative current collector.
The battery cyclicity test method comprises the following steps: under the voltage of 2.8-4.4V, the charging and discharging test is carried out at the rate of 1C/1C at normal temperature.
Table 1 results of performance test of batteries prepared in examples and comparative examples
The embodiment shows that the negative electrode current collector provided by the invention has higher porosity, higher conductivity and flexibility, the mass of the carbon nano tube cluster on the surface is very small, and the lithium foil provides partial lithium ions in the discharge process of the battery, so that the energy density of the battery is greatly improved in the whole charge-discharge process of the full battery. The current collector material has excellent flexibility, the prepared pole piece can be bent and folded, the prepared lithium ion battery also has good bending and folding properties, and a precious reference scheme for realizing energy source flexibility is provided for flexible electronic components. The invention provides energy power for realizing commercialization and large-scale production and developing flexible wearable electronics.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A flexible negative current collector with a sandwich structure comprises a metal lithium foil;
and carbon nanotube bundling layers arranged on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil.
2. The sandwich structure flexible negative current collector of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metallic lithium foil is 1 to 20 μm;
the thickness of the carbon nano tube bundling layer is 1-50 mu m; the surface density of the carbon nano tube bundling layer is 1-20 mg/cm 2 。
3. The sandwich structure flexible negative current collector of claim 1, wherein the porosity of the carbon nanotube bundling layer is 90-98%.
4. The sandwich structure flexible negative current collector of claim 1, wherein the contact angle of the carbon nanotube bundling layer with the electrolyte is less than 5 °;
the conductivity of the carbon nano tube bundling layer is 10 6 ~10 8 S/m。
5. A preparation method of the sandwich structure flexible negative electrode current collector in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps:
and the carbon nanotube bundles are respectively tiled on two opposite surfaces of the metal lithium foil to obtain the negative current collector with the sandwich structure.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the carbon nanotube bundle is prepared by:
dissolving ferrocene and thiophene to obtain a mixed solution;
and carrying out cracking reaction on the mixed solution to obtain the carbon nano tube cluster.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of ferrocene in the mixed solution is 5-15 mg/mL, and the concentration of thiophene is 1-5 μ L/mL;
the temperature of the cracking reaction is 1000-1600 ℃.
8. A lithium ion battery is prepared by the following method:
coating the surface of the sandwich-structured flexible negative electrode current collector of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the sandwich-structured surface prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 5 to 7 with negative electrode slurry, and drying to obtain a negative electrode sheet; coating the positive electrode slurry on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and drying to obtain a positive electrode plate;
and assembling the negative plate, the diaphragm and the positive plate into a cell monomer, welding a tab, and injecting electrolyte after packaging to obtain the lithium ion battery.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the areal density of the positive electrode sheet is 4 to 30mg/cm 2 The thickness of the positive plate is 5-500 mu m;
the surface density of the negative plate is 2-20 mg/cm 2 The thickness of the negative plate is 5-500 μm.
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CN116247215A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-06-09 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Lithium metal composite negative electrode, preparation method thereof, lithium metal battery and electric equipment |
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CN116247215A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-06-09 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Lithium metal composite negative electrode, preparation method thereof, lithium metal battery and electric equipment |
CN116247215B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-08 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Lithium metal composite negative electrode, preparation method thereof, lithium metal battery and electric equipment |
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