CN115332449B - Perovskite precursor material, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Perovskite precursor material, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115332449B
CN115332449B CN202210901605.2A CN202210901605A CN115332449B CN 115332449 B CN115332449 B CN 115332449B CN 202210901605 A CN202210901605 A CN 202210901605A CN 115332449 B CN115332449 B CN 115332449B
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perovskite
layer
ammonium iodide
macromolecular polymer
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CN115332449A (en
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杨庆旦
罗焕婷
陈晓铜
涂范霖
霍延平
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite precursor material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the perovskite precursor material comprises a macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide, the macromolecular polymer is polymerized by 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, the mass of the macromolecular polymer accounts for 0.005% -0.037% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, the alkyl ammonium iodide and the lead halide, and the mass ratio of the alkyl ammonium iodide to the lead halide is 3:1. The invention utilizes the lone pair electrons and Pb provided by the macromolecular polymer 2+ The coordination covalent bonds between the unfilled p orbitals passivate the energy barrier defects left on the surface of the perovskite layer by excessive lead halide, reduce non-radiative recombination at the perovskite interface and the grain boundary, promote the longitudinal transmission of charges, prolong the service life of carriers and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

Description

Perovskite precursor material, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic solar materials, in particular to a perovskite precursor material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the problem of energy shortage has become a primary problem that hinders economic development and world peace, and is a focus of attention in countries around the world. The traditional fossil energy is limited in reserves and not renewable, and brings huge pollution to the environment in the use process, so that the development of a new energy mode to replace the traditional fossil energy becomes a necessary trend of future social development. Solar energy is taken as a renewable resource with extremely abundant reserves, has the advantages of inexhaustible use, safety, environmental protection and the like, and is calculated according to the current energy consumption, if 1% of solar energy radiated to the surface of the earth can be converted into electric energy, the energy requirement of human society development can be satisfied, so the solar battery serving as clean renewable energy is receiving more and more attention, and has important significance for solving energy crisis.
In recent years, the protruding perovskite solar cell has the advantages of excellent device performance, low device preparation cost, solution-method preparation and the like, but in the preparation process of the perovskite solar cell, excessive lead halide is usually distributed on a perovskite layer and forms an energy barrier on the surface of the perovskite layer, non-radiative recombination at a perovskite interface and a grain boundary is increased, longitudinal transmission of charges is hindered, and photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell are reduced. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a perovskite precursor material capable of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of a solar cell to prepare a perovskite layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a perovskite precursor material utilizing lone pair electrons and Pb provided by a macromolecular polymer 2+ The coordination covalent bond between the unfilled p orbits can passivate the energy barrier defect left on the surface of the perovskite layer by excessive lead halide, reduce non-radiative recombination at the perovskite interface and the grain boundary, promote longitudinal transmission of charges, prolong the service life of carriers, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell, facilitate popularization and application of the perovskite solar cell, and accord with a green environment-friendly sustainable development strategy.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing a perovskite precursor material.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a perovskite layer.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a polymer passivated perovskite solar cell.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell, which has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, environment friendliness and the like, and can promote the industrial production of the solar cell.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a perovskite precursor material comprises a macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide, wherein the macromolecular polymer is polymerized by 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, the mass of the macromolecular polymer accounts for 0.005% -0.037% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, the alkyl ammonium iodide and the lead halide, and the mass ratio of the alkyl ammonium iodide to the lead halide is 3:1.
In general, lead halide in a perovskite solar cell is distributed on a perovskite layer due to excessive lead halide, and an energy barrier is formed on the surface of the perovskite layer, so that the longitudinal transmission of charges is hindered, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell are reduced. The invention has found through experiments that the macromolecular polymer obtained by polymerizing 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane can provide enough lone pair electrons and Pb due to containing a large amount of carbonyl and trifluoromethyl 2+ Is coordination bonded to the unfilled p-orbitals, passivating Pb 2+ And the energy barrier defect left on the surface of the perovskite layer reduces non-radiative recombination at a perovskite interface and a grain boundary, promotes longitudinal transmission of charges, prolongs the service life of carriers, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.
Preferably, the mass of the macromolecular polymer accounts for 0.009% -0.028% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, the alkyl ammonium iodide and the lead halide.
More preferably, the mass of the macromolecular polymer is 0.018% of the combined mass of macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride to 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane is 1:1.
Preferably, the alkyl ammonium iodide is one or more of methyl ammonium iodide, methyl triethyl ammonium iodide, dimethyl diethyl ammonium iodide, nonyl ammonium iodide or dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium iodide.
Preferably, the lead halide is one or more of lead iodide, lead chloride or lead bromide.
Preferably, the preparation method of the macromolecular polymer comprises the following steps: adding 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane into an organic solvent, stirring for polymerization, adding deionized water to separate out solid, and carrying out suction filtration and drying to obtain the macromolecular polymer.
The polymerization of 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) isophthalic acid anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane to give a macromolecular polymer is a known polyimide polymer having a weight average molecular weight generally ranging from 21000 to 22000g/mol, which can be used in the present invention, but in the present invention, the macromolecular polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 21935g/mol.
Preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of DMF, DMSO, THF, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene or chlorobenzene.
The preparation method of the perovskite precursor material comprises the following steps: adding alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide into an organic solvent, adding a macromolecular polymer, and stirring to obtain the perovskite precursor material.
Preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of DMF, DMSO, THF, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene or chlorobenzene.
A perovskite layer is prepared by the following steps: and (3) spin-coating a perovskite precursor material on the target layer, dripping an anti-solvent, and transferring to a heating table for heating to obtain the perovskite layer.
Preferably, the target layer is a hole transport layer.
Preferably, the antisolvent is one or both of toluene or chlorobenzene.
The polymer passivated perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a conductive glass layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode layer from bottom to top.
Preferably, the material of the conductive glass layer is one or two of ITO conductive glass or FTO conductive glass.
Preferably, the material of the hole transport layer is one or two of poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ] (PTAA) or PEDOT: PSS.
Preferably, the material of the electron transport layer is a carbon 60 derivative.
More preferably, the material of the electron transport layer is one or more of methyl [6,6] -phenyl C61 butyrate, methyl [6,6] -thienyl C61 butyrate, n-octyl [6,6] -phenyl-C61-butyrate or dodecyl [6,6] -phenyl-C61-butyrate.
Preferably, the material of the metal electrode layer is one or more of silver, gold or copper.
The preparation method of the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning the conductive glass layer;
s2: preparing a hole transport layer on the conductive glass layer of the S1;
s3: preparing a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer of the S2;
s4: preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer of the S3;
s5: and (3) preparing a metal electrode layer on the electron transport layer of the S4 to obtain the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes: and (3) alternately ultrasonically cleaning the conductive glass by using deionized water, acetone and isopropanol, and drying to obtain the conductive glass layer.
Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes: and (3) carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on the conductive glass layer in the step (S1), and spin-coating a hole transport layer on the surface of the conductive glass layer to obtain the hole transport layer.
Preferably, the step S4 specifically includes: preparing an electron transport layer material into an electron transport layer solution, spin-coating the electron transport layer solution on the surface of the perovskite layer of S3, and then spin-coating Bath Copper (BCP) to obtain the electron transport layer.
The spin-coating Bath Copper (BCP) on the surface of the electron transport layer can reduce the metal work function of the metal electrode layer, so that the metal electrode layer is more matched with the lowest unoccupied orbit (LUMO) of the electron transport layer, and the improvement of electron transport and collection is facilitated.
Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes: and (3) placing the electron transport layer prepared in the step (S4) into a vacuum coating machine, and evaporating a metal electrode layer to obtain the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention obtains the macromolecular polymer by polymerizing 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, and the macromolecular polymer contains a large amount of carbonyl groups and trifluoromethyl groups, thus being capable of providing enough lone pair electrons and Pb 2+ Is coordination bonded to the unfilled p-orbitals, passivating Pb 2+ The energy barrier defect left on the surface of the perovskite layer reduces non-radiative recombination at a perovskite interface and a crystal boundary, promotes longitudinal transmission of charges, enhances fluorescence intensity of steady-state photoluminescence of the perovskite layer, prolongs service life of carriers, and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, filling factor and stability of the solar cell.
In addition, the method for preparing the polymer passivated perovskite solar cell has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, environment friendliness and the like, and can promote the industrial production of the solar cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of normalized efficiency versus time for a polymer passivated perovskite solar cell of example 1 and a perovskite solar cell of comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the perovskite layer of comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the perovskite layer of example 1.
Fig. 5 is a steady-state photoluminescence spectrum of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Fig. 6 is a transient photoluminescence spectrum of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures in the examples below, without specific details, are generally performed under conditions conventional in the art or recommended by the manufacturer; the raw materials, reagents and the like used, unless otherwise specified, are those commercially available from conventional markets and the like. Any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The preparation method of the macromolecular polymer comprises the following steps: 1mol of 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 1mol of 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane are added into 20mL of DMF, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for polymerization for 10 hours, deionized solution is added to separate out solid, and the solid is filtered and dried to obtain the macromolecular polymer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a perovskite precursor material, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
adding methyl ammonium iodide and lead iodide into DMF, adding a macromolecular polymer, and magnetically stirring for 10 hours to obtain a perovskite precursor material, wherein the mass of the macromolecular polymer accounts for 0.018% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide, and the mass ratio of the methyl ammonium iodide to the lead iodide is 3:1.
The polymer passivated perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a conductive glass layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode layer from bottom to top.
A method for preparing a polymer passivated perovskite solar cell, comprising the following steps:
s1: alternately ultrasonically cleaning ITO conductive glass with deionized water, acetone and isopropanol for 15min, and drying to obtain a conductive glass layer;
s2: placing the conductive glass layer of the S1 into an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine for ultraviolet ozone treatment, quickly transferring the conductive glass layer into a glove box in a nitrogen atmosphere after cleaning, spin-coating 20 mu L of 3mg/mL poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ] (PTAA) on the surface of the conductive glass layer, transferring the conductive glass layer to a heating table for heating after spin-coating is finished, and obtaining a hole transport layer;
s3: spin-coating 60 mu L of perovskite precursor material on the surface of the hole transport layer in S2, dripping toluene, and transferring to a heating table for heating to obtain a perovskite layer;
s4: 23mg of electron transport layer material [6,6]]Phenyl C61 methyl butyrate (PC) 61 BM) dissolved in 1mL chlorobenzene to prepare PC 61 BM electron transport layer solution and 35. Mu.L PC was taken 61 Spin-coating BM electron transport layer solution on the surface of the perovskite layer of S3, transferring to a heating table for heating after spin-coating, and spin-coating 45 mu L of 2.5mg/mL copper-Bath (BCP) to obtain an electron transport layer;
s5: and (3) placing the electron transport layer prepared in the step (S4) into a vacuum coating machine, vacuumizing, placing a silver metal source into a tungsten boat, and evaporating a silver metal electrode to obtain the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell.
Example 2
This example provides a perovskite precursor material, the method of preparation of which is the same as that of example 1, except that the mass of the macromolecular polymer is 0.005% of the total mass of macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide.
A polymer passivated perovskite solar cell and a method for making the same are consistent with example 1.
Example 3
This example provides a perovskite precursor material, the method of preparation of which is the same as that of example 1, except that the mass of the macromolecular polymer is 0.009% of the total mass of macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide.
A polymer passivated perovskite solar cell and a method for making the same are consistent with example 1.
Example 4
This example provides a perovskite precursor material, the method of preparation of which is the same as that of example 1, except that the mass of the macromolecular polymer is 0.028% of the total mass of macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide.
A polymer passivated perovskite solar cell and a method for making the same are consistent with example 1.
Example 5
This example provides a perovskite precursor material, the method of preparation of which is the same as that of example 1, except that the mass of the macromolecular polymer is 0.037% of the total mass of macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide.
A polymer passivated perovskite solar cell and a method for making the same are consistent with example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a perovskite precursor material that does not contain a macromolecular polymer, and the method of preparation is the same as in example 1, except that a macromolecular polymer is not added.
A perovskite solar cell and method of making the same were consistent with example 1 except that a perovskite precursor material that did not contain a macromolecular polymer was used in place of the perovskite precursor material.
Performance testing
The current density versus voltage (J-V) characteristic curves, i.e., short-circuit current-open-circuit voltage curves, of the polymer passivated perovskite solar cells of examples 1 to 5 and the perovskite solar cell of comparative example 1 were measured.
The polymer passivated perovskite solar cell of example 1 and the perovskite solar cell of comparative example 1 were subjected to a maximum power output stability test, i.e. a normalized efficiency-time curve was measured.
The perovskite layers of example 1 and comparative example 1 were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis, steady-state photoluminescence analysis, and transient photoluminescence analysis.
TABLE 1 Current Density and Voltage characteristic curve test results
Figure BDA0003771084470000061
As can be seen from table 1, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell was improved from 17.00% to 20.03% and the fill factor was also improved from 74.89% to 80.34% by adding the macromolecular polymer, which suggests that the addition of the macromolecular polymer polymerized from 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and the regularity of the perovskite layer, and reduce the energy barrier defect of the perovskite layer and the non-radiative recombination at the perovskite interface and grain boundary.
FIG. 1 is a graph of normalized efficiency versus time for a polymer passivated perovskite solar cell of example 1 and a perovskite solar cell of comparative example 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, in the maximum power output stability test of the perovskite solar cell, the normalized efficiency of the polymer passivated perovskite solar cell of example 1 added with the macromolecular polymer can still maintain 70% of the initial efficiency after 2000s, while the normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell of comparative example 1 without the macromolecular polymer is reduced to 0, which indicates that the addition of the macromolecular polymer can improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the residual PbI of the perovskite layer of example 1 after the addition of the macromolecular polymer 2 The diffraction peak is obviously disappeared, which indicates that the macromolecular polymer can provide enough lone pair electrons and Pb due to containing a large amount of carbonyl groups and trifluoromethyl 2+ Is coordination bonded to the unfilled p-orbitals, passivating Pb 2+ The energy barrier defect left on the surface of the perovskite layer, thereby leading to residual PbI of the perovskite layer 2 The diffraction peak disappeared.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the perovskite layer of comparative example 1. Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the perovskite layer of example 1. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the excess PbI 2 The perovskite particles are distributed on the surface of the perovskite layer in a biased white particle form to form energy barrier defects, and the perovskite particles are uneven in size, and more pinholes exist among the particles, so that the longitudinal transmission of charges is hindered. As can be seen from FIG. 4, example 1 has an excessive PbI surface after addition of the macromolecular polymer 2 The formed off-white particles and energy barrier defects are obviously reduced, perovskite crystal grains are uniform in size, pinholes among the crystal grains are also obviously reduced, the longitudinal transmission of charges is promoted, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell are improved.
Fig. 5 is a steady-state photoluminescence spectrum of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1. As can be seen from fig. 5, the perovskite layer of example 1 has a stronger fluorescence intensity than that of comparative example 1, which indicates that the polymer can effectively passivate defects in the perovskite layer, reduce non-radiative recombination at perovskite interfaces and grain boundaries, and further facilitate improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.
Fig. 6 is a transient photoluminescence spectrum of the perovskite layer of example 1 and comparative example 1. As can be seen from fig. 6, the perovskite layer of example 1 has a longer carrier lifetime than that of comparative example 1, which indicates that the addition of the macromolecular polymer can promote the longitudinal transport of charges, prolong the lifetime of carriers, and further facilitate the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The perovskite precursor material is characterized by comprising a macromolecular polymer, alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide, wherein the macromolecular polymer is polymerized by 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, the mass of the macromolecular polymer accounts for 0.005% -0.037% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, the alkyl ammonium iodide and the lead halide, and the mass ratio of the alkyl ammonium iodide to the lead halide is 3:1.
2. The perovskite precursor material of claim 1, wherein the mass of the macromolecular polymer is between 0.009% and 0.028% of the total mass of the macromolecular polymer, the alkyl ammonium iodide and the lead halide.
3. The perovskite precursor material of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) isophthalic acid to 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane is 1:1.
4. The perovskite precursor material of claim 1, wherein the alkyl ammonium iodide is one or more of methyl ammonium iodide, methyl triethyl ammonium iodide, dimethyl diethyl ammonium iodide, nonyl ammonium iodide, or dodecyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium iodide; the lead halide is one or more of lead iodide, lead chloride or lead bromide.
5. The perovskite precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the macromolecular polymer is: adding 4,4' - (hexafluoroisopropenyl) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane into an organic solvent, stirring for polymerization, adding deionized water to separate out solid, and carrying out suction filtration and drying to obtain the macromolecular polymer.
6. A method of preparing a perovskite precursor material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: adding alkyl ammonium iodide and lead halide into an organic solvent, adding a macromolecular polymer, and stirring to obtain the perovskite precursor material.
7. The perovskite layer is characterized by comprising the following preparation methods: spin-coating the perovskite precursor material according to any one of claims 1-5 on a target layer, dripping an anti-solvent, and transferring to a heating table for heating to obtain the perovskite layer.
8. A polymer passivated perovskite solar cell, which is characterized by comprising a conductive glass layer, a hole transport layer, the perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode layer according to claim 7 from bottom to top.
9. The polymer passivated perovskite solar cell of claim 8 wherein the material of the conductive glass layer is one or both of ITO conductive glass or FTO conductive glass;
the hole transport layer is made of one or two of poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ] (PTAA) or PEDOT: PSS;
the material of the electron transport layer is one or more of [6,6] -phenyl C61 methyl butyrate, [6,6] -thienyl C61 methyl butyrate, [6,6] -phenyl-C61-n-octyl butyrate or [6,6] -phenyl-C61-dodecyl butyrate;
the material of the metal electrode layer is one or more of silver, gold or copper.
10. A method of preparing a polymer passivated perovskite solar cell according to claim 8 or 9, comprising the steps of:
s1: cleaning the conductive glass layer;
s2: preparing a hole transport layer on the conductive glass layer of the S1;
s3: preparing a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer of the S2;
s4: preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer of the S3;
s5: and (3) preparing a metal electrode layer on the electron transport layer of the S4 to obtain the polymer passivation perovskite solar cell.
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