CN115331918B - Cylindrical transformer cooling system - Google Patents
Cylindrical transformer cooling system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115331918B CN115331918B CN202211119675.9A CN202211119675A CN115331918B CN 115331918 B CN115331918 B CN 115331918B CN 202211119675 A CN202211119675 A CN 202211119675A CN 115331918 B CN115331918 B CN 115331918B
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- oil
- collecting pipe
- transformer
- oil collecting
- pipe section
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
- H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/22—Cooling by heat conduction through solid or powdered fillings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transformer Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
A cylindrical transformer cooling system. The transformer comprises a transformer oil tank, a transformer winding and an iron core, wherein the transformer winding and the iron core are arranged in the transformer oil tank, insulating oil capable of immersing the transformer winding and the iron core is filled in the transformer oil tank, a plurality of insulating oil outlets are formed in the upper end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, a plurality of insulating oil inlets corresponding to the insulating oil outlets in number are formed in the lower end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, and the insulating oil inlets and the insulating oil outlets are respectively communicated with a second oil collecting pipe and a first oil collecting pipe; a plurality of cooling fins communicated with the oil distributing port and the oil collecting port are arranged between the first oil collecting pipe and the second oil collecting pipe, and the transformer oil tank, the first oil collecting pipe, the second oil collecting pipe and the cooling fins form a closed circulation loop; the transformer insulating oil flows in a reciprocating and circulating mode in this way, heat generated by the main transformer iron core and the winding is dissipated into the surrounding environment through the radiating fins, the temperature of hot spots inside the main transformer is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the main transformer is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cooling system, in particular to a cylindrical transformer cooling system.
Background
The main transformer is an important component device of the transformer substation, and has extremely important functions of adjusting the voltage of the power grid and guaranteeing the stable operation of electric facilities. The main transformer generates a great deal of energy loss when working under higher load (such as heating in winter and cooling in summer), and the temperature of the iron core, the winding and other parts in the transformer is increased. In order to ensure the safe operation of the transformer, measures are needed to be taken to timely dissipate the heat in the transformer body.
At present, most of transformers in China are oil-immersed transformers, which are prepared by immersing heating components such as transformer iron cores and windings in insulating oil, installing a finned radiator for the transformer outside the transformer, enabling the insulating oil to circularly flow in a transformer body and the finned radiator by means of heat generated by working of a transformer assembly, and transferring heat inside the transformer to the surrounding environment through the finned radiator. At present, under the conditions of high ambient temperature and heavy load in summer, a fan arranged at the bottom of a finned radiator is normally started to accelerate the cooling of a main transformer of an indoor transformer substation.
However, in the prior art, the finned radiator is generally arranged vertically and in parallel, and the cooling capacity of the transformer cooling system is limited no matter under the natural air cooling condition or the forced air cooling condition, so that when the environment temperature is high and the transformer load is high, the internal heat of the transformer is difficult to be timely dissipated to the outside of the main transformer, and the hot spot temperature of the main transformer is ensured to be below the safe temperature, thereby shortening the service life of the transformer and even causing fire and other accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency cylindrical transformer cooling system, which ensures that a main transformer can safely and stably run under high-temperature environment and large load conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the transformer comprises a transformer oil tank, a transformer winding and an iron core, wherein the transformer winding and the iron core are arranged in the transformer oil tank, insulating oil capable of immersing the transformer winding and the iron core is filled in the transformer oil tank, a plurality of insulating oil outlets are formed in the upper end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, a plurality of insulating oil inlets corresponding to the insulating oil outlets in number are formed in the lower end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, and the insulating oil inlets and the insulating oil outlets are respectively communicated with a second oil collecting pipe and a first oil collecting pipe;
The first oil collecting pipe sequentially comprises a straight oil pipe section, a connecting section and a circular oil dividing pipe section according to the flowing direction of cooling oil in the first oil collecting pipe, the free end of the straight oil pipe section of the first oil collecting pipe is connected with an insulating oil outlet, the free end of the oil dividing pipe section is sealed, and the central lines of all the sections are tangent at the connecting position;
The second oil collecting pipe sequentially comprises a round oil collecting pipe section, a connecting section and a straight oil pipe section according to the flowing direction of cooling oil in the second oil collecting pipe, the free end of the oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe is sealed, the free end of the straight oil pipe section is connected with an insulating oil inlet, and the central lines of all the sections are tangent at the connecting position;
A plurality of oil separating ports and oil collecting ports are formed in the opposite pipe walls of the straight oil pipe sections of the first oil collecting pipe and the straight oil pipe sections of the second oil collecting pipe, and a plurality of vertically installed cooling fins which are communicated with the oil separating ports and the oil collecting ports and are arranged in a cylinder shape are installed between the straight oil pipe sections of the first oil collecting pipe and the second oil collecting pipe;
The cooling fin is formed by two cooling plates in a packaging mode, a closed cavity is formed between the two cooling plates, an oil inlet communicated with the oil dividing port is formed in the upper end of the cooling fin, an oil outlet communicated with the oil collecting port is formed in the lower end of the cooling fin, and the transformer oil tank, the first oil collecting pipe, the second oil collecting pipe and the cooling fin form a closed circulation loop.
The oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe is detachably connected with a fan, a hook is welded at the bottom of the oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe, and the fan 7 is hung on the hook at the bottom of the oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe through a net cover.
The fan installation axis coincides with the connecting line of the circle center of the oil separating pipe section of the first oil collecting pipe and the circle center of the oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe.
The central line of the oil distributing pipe section of the first oil collecting pipe and the peripheral angle of the central line of the oil collecting pipe section of the second oil collecting pipe are 280-320 degrees.
The included angle between the plane where the vertical axis of the radiating fin is located and the center line of the oil dividing pipe section of the first oil collecting pipe is 10-20 degrees, and the deflection direction of the plane where each radiator is located is the same.
The cylindrical transformer cooling system adopts the invention: when the main transformer works, a large amount of Joule heat can be generated when current flows through the iron core and the windings, the transformer insulating oil in the main transformer oil tank absorbs heat, the temperature of the transformer insulating oil is increased, the density is reduced, under the action of gravity and floating force, the high-temperature transformer insulating oil flows upwards to enter the first oil collecting pipe through the insulating oil outlet, is dispersed to each cooling fin through the oil distributing port formed on the oil distributing pipe section of the first oil collecting pipe, flows downwards along the inner cavity of the cooling fin under the action of gravity, exchanges heat with the external air through the cooling fin, and the temperature of the transformer insulating oil after heat exchange is reduced and flows back to the main transformer oil tank through the oil collecting port of the second oil collecting pipe. The transformer insulating oil flows in a reciprocating and circulating way, heat generated by the main transformer iron core and the winding is dissipated into the surrounding environment, the temperature of hot spots inside the main transformer is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the main transformer is ensured.
Benefits of the cylindrical transformer cooling system employing the present invention: the insulating oil flows from top to bottom in the radiating fin, so that the temperature distribution of the surface of the radiating fin shows a gradually decreasing distribution trend from top to bottom. The heat radiating fins are uniformly distributed in the major arc section of the oil collecting pipe and are in a cylindrical design, after heat exchange is carried out on the heat radiating fins and air in the cylinder enclosed by the heat radiating fins, the upper air temperature in the cylinder is high, the lower air temperature is low in a distribution trend, and under the action of gravity and buoyancy, the air moves upwards in the cylinder to form a chimney effect. Because the temperature of the air in the cylinder is high, the flow speed is high, a negative pressure area is formed, and the cold air around the cooling fins flows into the cylinder through the gaps among the cooling fins. When the cooling air flows in gaps among the cooling fins, the flow section continuously contracts, the flow speed is gradually increased, the cooling air continuously absorbs heat in the flowing process, the temperature is continuously increased, and the cooling fins are uniformly arranged along the optimal arc sections of the oil collecting pipe, so that each cooling fin can be uniformly and fully cooled. When the ambient temperature is higher and the load of the main transformer is larger, the fan arranged at the bottom of the radiating fins is started to accelerate the air flow so as to strengthen heat exchange, and the radiating fins are uniformly and vertically arranged along the circumference, so that uniform cooling air can be obtained between the gaps of each radiating fin. The purposes of improving the utilization efficiency of cooling air and the heat dissipation efficiency of the radiating fins, timely discharging heat in the main transformer oil tank, reducing the temperature of hot spots in the main transformer and ensuring long-term safe and stable operation of the main transformer are achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a device for the treatment of a disease. The fan is connected with the second oil collecting pipe in a detachable mode, cleaning, maintenance and overhaul of the fan are facilitated, and when natural air cooling is performed, the fan can be detached, and airflow resistance is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency cylindrical transformer cooling system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fin radiator according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a finned heat sink of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a transformer winding and a core, 2, a transformer oil tank, 21, an insulating oil outlet, 22, an insulating oil inlet, 3, insulating oil, 4, a first oil collecting pipe, 41, a first oil collecting pipe straight pipe section, 42, a first oil collecting pipe connecting pipe section, 43 a first oil collecting pipe oil distributing pipe section, 44, an oil distributing port, 5, a radiating fin, 6, a second oil collecting pipe, 61, a second oil collecting pipe straight pipe section, 62, a second oil collecting pipe connecting pipe section, 63 a second oil collecting pipe section, 64, an oil collecting port, 7 and a fan.
Detailed Description
In order to achieve the technical means and improvement features of the present invention, the object to be achieved is more readily apparent, and the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without any inventive effort, are within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the cylindrical transformer cooling system 00 of the present invention comprises a transformer winding and core 1, a transformer oil tank 2, a first oil collecting pipe 4, a heat sink 5, a second oil collecting pipe 6, and a fan 7.
The transformer winding and the iron core 1 are located inside the transformer oil tank 2, the inside of the transformer oil tank 2 is filled with insulating oil 3, and the insulating oil 3 submerges the transformer winding and the iron core 1. The wall surface of the transformer oil tank 2 is provided with an insulating oil outlet 21 and an insulating oil inlet 22. The first oil collecting pipe 4 is connected with an insulating oil outlet 21, and the second oil collecting pipe 6 is connected with an insulating oil inlet 22. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, according to the flow direction of the transformer insulating oil in the first oil collecting pipe 4, the first oil collecting pipe 4 is sequentially divided into a first oil collecting pipe straight pipe section 41, a first oil collecting pipe connecting pipe section 42 and a first oil collecting pipe section 43, and according to the flow direction of the transformer insulating oil in the second oil collecting pipe 6, the second oil collecting pipe 6 is sequentially divided into a second oil collecting pipe section 63, a second oil collecting pipe connecting pipe section 62 and a second oil collecting pipe straight pipe section 61. The centerline circumference angle of the first and second header collection pipe sections 43 and 63 ranges from 280 to 320. The central lines of the joints of the first oil collecting pipe 4 and the second oil collecting pipe 6 are tangent. The wall of the first oil collecting pipe section 43 opposite to the second oil collecting pipe section 63 is uniformly provided with a plurality of oil distributing ports 44, and the wall of the second oil collecting pipe section 63 opposite to the first oil collecting pipe section 43 is provided with a plurality of oil collecting ports 64 at equal intervals. The plurality of oil distribution ports 44 and the plurality of oil collection ports 64 are in one-to-one correspondence. The plurality of oil distribution ports 44 are uniformly distributed on the wall of the first oil collecting pipe section 43. The plurality of oil collecting ports 64 are uniformly distributed on the wall of the second oil collecting pipe section 63. A plurality of cooling fins 5 which are communicated with the oil distributing port 44 and the oil collecting port 64 are arranged between the first oil collecting pipe section 43 and the second oil collecting pipe section 63, the cooling fins 5 are vertically arranged and are in cylindrical arrangement, a certain included angle is formed between the installation plane of the cooling fins 5 and the center line circle of the first oil collecting pipe section 43 and the plane of the vertical axis of the cooling fins 5, and the deflection direction of the included angle between the plane of each cooling fin 5 and the center line circle of the first oil collecting pipe section 43 and the plane of the vertical axis of the cooling fins 5 is the same. The vertical axes of any two adjacent cooling fins 5 and the center line circle center of the center line of the first oil collecting pipe section 43 form the same included angle, and the included angle range is 10-20 degrees. The cooling fin 5 is formed by packaging two identical cold-rolled metal flat plates, a closed cavity is formed between the two cooling plates, an oil inlet communicated with the oil separating port 44 is arranged at the upper end of the cooling fin, and an oil outlet communicated with the oil collecting port 64 is arranged at the lower end of the cooling fin. The fan 7 is detachably connected with the second oil collecting pipe section 63, a hook is welded at the bottom of the second oil collecting pipe section 63, and the fan 7 is hung on the hook at the bottom of the second oil collecting pipe section through a net cover. The installation axis of the fan 7 coincides with the center line of the first oil collecting pipe section 43 and the center line of the second oil collecting pipe section 63. The transformer oil tank 2, the first oil collecting pipe 4, the second oil collecting pipe 6 and the cooling fin 5 form a closed circulation loop.
When the main transformer 00 works, the transformer winding and the iron core 1 generate loss when current flows, and the loss is finally converted into heat to heat the insulating oil 3 around the transformer winding and the iron core 1, and the heated insulating oil 3 rises in temperature and reduces in density due to expansion and contraction, and the insulating oil 3 at high temperature flows upwards under the action of gravity and buoyancy. The high-temperature insulating oil 3 with a certain flow speed is shunted into each radiating fin 5 through the first oil collecting pipe 4, the radiating fins 5 and ambient air perform heat convection, the temperature of the insulating oil 3 after heat exchange is reduced, the density is increased, the insulating oil is collected into the second oil collecting pipe 6 under the action of gravity and flows back into the main transformer oil tank 2, the insulating oil 3 reciprocates in this way, the insulating oil 3 forms circulation flow between the main transformer oil tank 2 and the radiating fins 5, and heat generated by components such as a transformer winding, an iron core 1 and the like is timely transferred to the surrounding environment, so that the internal temperature of the main transformer 00 is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the main transformer 00 is ensured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations, optimizations, and improvements may be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A cylindrical transformer cooling system, characterized by: the transformer comprises a transformer oil tank (2) and a transformer winding and an iron core (1) which are arranged in the transformer oil tank, wherein insulating oil (3) capable of immersing the transformer winding and the iron core (1) is filled in the transformer oil tank (2), a plurality of insulating oil outlets (21) are formed in the upper end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank (2), a plurality of insulating oil inlets (22) corresponding to the insulating oil outlets (21) in number are formed in the lower end of the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, and the insulating oil inlets (22) and the insulating oil outlets (21) are respectively communicated with a second oil collecting pipe (6) and a first oil collecting pipe (4);
The first oil collecting pipe (4) sequentially comprises a straight oil pipe section (41), a connecting section (42) and a circular oil distributing pipe section (43) according to the flowing direction of cooling oil in the first oil collecting pipe, the free end of the straight oil pipe section (41) of the first oil collecting pipe is connected with the insulating oil outlet (21), the free end of the oil distributing pipe section (43) is sealed, and the center lines of all the sections are tangent at the connecting position;
The second oil collecting pipe (6) sequentially comprises a circular oil collecting pipe section (63), a connecting section (62) and a straight oil pipe section (61) according to the flowing direction of cooling oil in the second oil collecting pipe, the free end of the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe is sealed, the free end of the straight oil pipe section (61) is connected with an insulating oil inlet (22), and the central lines of all the sections are tangent at the connecting position;
A plurality of oil separating ports (44) and oil collecting ports (64) are formed in the pipe wall, opposite to the straight oil pipe section (41) of the first oil collecting pipe (4) and the straight oil pipe section (61) of the second oil collecting pipe (6), and a plurality of vertically installed heat radiating fins (5) which are communicated with the oil separating ports (41) and the oil collecting ports (61) and are arranged in a cylinder shape are installed between the straight oil pipe sections of the first oil collecting pipe (4) and the second oil collecting pipe (6);
The heat dissipation plate (5) is formed by packaging two heat dissipation plates, a closed cavity is formed between the two heat dissipation plates, an oil inlet communicated with the oil distribution port (41) is formed in the upper end of the heat dissipation plate (5), an oil outlet communicated with the oil collecting port (61) is formed in the lower end of the heat dissipation plate, and a closed circulation loop is formed by the transformer oil tank (2), the first oil collecting pipe (4), the second oil collecting pipe (6) and the heat dissipation plate (5).
2. The cylindrical transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe (6) is detachably connected with a fan (7), a hook is welded at the bottom of the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe (6), and the fan (7) is hung on the hook at the bottom of the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe (6) through a net cover.
3. The cylindrical transformer cooling system of claim 2, wherein: the installation axis of the fan (7) is coincided with the connecting line of the circle center of the oil separating pipe section (43) of the first oil collecting pipe (4) and the circle center of the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe (6).
4. The cylindrical transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the central line of the oil separating pipe section (43) of the first oil collecting pipe (4) and the central line circumference angle of the oil collecting pipe section (63) of the second oil collecting pipe (6) are 280-320 degrees.
5. The cylindrical transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the plane of the vertical axis of the radiating fin (5) and the center of the center line of the oil distributing pipe section (43) of the first oil collecting pipe (4) is 10-20 degrees, and the deflection direction of the plane of each radiator is the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211119675.9A CN115331918B (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Cylindrical transformer cooling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211119675.9A CN115331918B (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Cylindrical transformer cooling system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115331918A CN115331918A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
| CN115331918B true CN115331918B (en) | 2024-06-21 |
Family
ID=83930036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211119675.9A Active CN115331918B (en) | 2022-09-15 | 2022-09-15 | Cylindrical transformer cooling system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115331918B (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105225801A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 国家电网公司 | 10KV oil-filled transformer |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009231441A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-08 | Daihen Corp | Oil-filled transformer device |
| CN204926966U (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-30 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | Gilled radiator oil circuit structure for transformer |
| CN216212753U (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-04-05 | 天津市特变电工变压器有限公司 | Finned radiator for photovoltaic transformer |
-
2022
- 2022-09-15 CN CN202211119675.9A patent/CN115331918B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105225801A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 国家电网公司 | 10KV oil-filled transformer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 油浸式变压器绝缘油热特性的仿真分析;宋友;阮江军;王珊珊;逯怀东;廖才波;刘超;;绝缘材料;20150420(04);全文 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115331918A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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