CN115327744A - Infrared confocal lens - Google Patents
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- CN115327744A CN115327744A CN202210973642.4A CN202210973642A CN115327744A CN 115327744 A CN115327744 A CN 115327744A CN 202210973642 A CN202210973642 A CN 202210973642A CN 115327744 A CN115327744 A CN 115327744A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
- G02B13/006—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element at least one element being a compound optical element, e.g. cemented elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/008—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras designed for infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lenses, in particular to an infrared confocal lens, which comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a diaphragm, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens and an eleventh lens, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the diaphragm, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light; through detection, the MTF value of the central view field of the optical system is larger than 0.3 at a position of 200lp/mm, the MTF values of the edge view fields are larger than 0.3 at a position of 160lp/mm, the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most, the maximum support is 1.1 inch of chips, the distortion is smaller than 4%, the Fno is 1.4, the relative illumination is larger than 40%, the optical back focus is larger than 10mm, the requirements of each camera are met, the total optical length is smaller than 90mm, and the focal length is 35mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lenses, in particular to an infrared confocal lens.
Background
With the rapid development of the optical camera lens and the continuous temperature rise of the security market, the country pays more attention to the road safety. The day and night confocal mode realizes the same definition in the day and at night, and is more beneficial to the night monitoring. Most road monitoring lenses in the market do not have day and night confocal function, and are realized by using optical filters with different thicknesses, and the resolution ratio is generally 800 ten thousand pixels.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: an infrared confocal lens is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an infrared confocal lens comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a diaphragm, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens and an eleventh lens which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light rays;
the first lens and the second lens form a first bonding group in sealed connection, the third lens and the fourth lens form a second bonding group in sealed connection, the fifth lens is a double-convex lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens form a third bonding group in sealed connection, the eighth lens and the ninth lens form a fourth bonding group in sealed connection, and the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are meniscus lenses;
the air interval range between the second lens and the third lens is 10 mm-11 mm, the air interval range between the fourth lens and the fifth lens is 0 mm-0.2 mm, the air interval range between the fifth lens and the diaphragm is 1 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the seventh lens and the eighth lens is 2 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 0 mm-1 mm, and the air interval range between the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 2 mm-3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the infrared confocal lens provided by the invention adopts four groups of eleven-piece structures, and meets the requirements that the day and night defocusing amount is less than 0.01mm, and the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most. Through detection, the MTF value of the central view field of the optical system is larger than 0.3 at a position of 200lp/mm, the MTF values of the edge view fields are larger than 0.3 at a position of 160lp/mm, the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most, the maximum support is 1.1 inch of chips, the distortion is smaller than 4%, the Fno is 1.4, the relative illumination is larger than 40%, the optical back focus is larger than 10mm, the requirements of each camera are met, the total optical length is smaller than 90mm, and the focal length is 35mm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a lens structure of an infrared confocal lens according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a MTF plot of an infrared confocal lens of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a light fan diagram of an infrared confocal lens of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a distortion diagram of an infrared confocal lens of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diffuse speckle pattern of an infrared confocal lens of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a first lens; 2. a second lens; 3. a third lens; 4. a fourth lens; 5. a fifth lens; 6. a sixth lens; 7. a seventh lens; 8. an eighth lens; 9. a ninth lens; 10. a tenth lens; 11. an eleventh lens.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an infrared confocal lens provided by the present invention includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a diaphragm, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens, and an eleventh lens, which are sequentially disposed along a light incident direction;
the first lens and the second lens form a first bonding group in sealed connection, the third lens and the fourth lens form a second bonding group in sealed connection, the fifth lens is a double-convex lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens form a third bonding group in sealed connection, the eighth lens and the ninth lens form a fourth bonding group in sealed connection, and the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are meniscus lenses;
the air interval range between the second lens and the third lens is 10 mm-11 mm, the air interval range between the fourth lens and the fifth lens is 0 mm-0.2 mm, the air interval range between the fifth lens and the diaphragm is 1 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the seventh lens and the eighth lens is 2 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 0 mm-1 mm, and the air interval range between the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 2 mm-3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the infrared confocal lens provided by the invention adopts four groups of eleven-piece structures, and meets the requirements that the day and night defocusing amount is less than 0.01mm, and the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most. Through detection, the MTF value of the central view field of the optical system is larger than 0.3 at a position of 200lp/mm, the MTF values of the edge view fields are larger than 0.3 at a position of 160lp/mm, the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most, the maximum support is 1.1 inch of chips, the distortion is smaller than 4%, the Fno is 1.4, the relative illumination is larger than 40%, the optical back focus is larger than 10mm, the requirements of each camera are met, the total optical length is smaller than 90mm, and the focal length is 35mm.
Further, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
2.0<n1<2.1，20<v1<30；
1.6<n2<1.7，30<v2<40；
1.7<n3<1.8，20<v3<30；
1.5<n4<1.6，60<v4<70；
1.8<n5<1.9，30<v5<40；
1.5<n6<1.6，60<v6<70；
1.4<n7<1.5，60<v7<70；
1.5<n8<1.6，60<v8<70；
1.6<n9<1.7，30<v9<40；
1.7<n10<1.8，50<v10<60；
1.9<n11<2，10<v11<20；
wherein n1-n11 are refractive indexes of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence, and v1-v11 are abbe coefficients of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence.
Further, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the first lens, which is far away from the second lens, is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the first lens, which is close to the second lens, is 50-60;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the second lens, which is far away from the third lens, is 50-60, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the second lens, which is close to the third lens, is 12-15;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the third lens, which is far away from the fourth lens, is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the third lens, which is near to the fourth lens, is 40 to 50;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fourth lens, which is far away from the fifth lens, is 40-50, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fourth lens, which is close to the fifth lens, is-20 to-30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fifth lens far away from the sixth lens is 60-70, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fifth lens close to the sixth lens is-140-150;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the sixth lens far away from the seventh lens is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the sixth lens close to the seventh lens is-20 to-30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the seventh lens far away from the eighth lens is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the seventh lens close to the eighth lens is 10 to 20;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eighth lens, which is far away from the ninth lens, is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eighth lens, which is close to the ninth lens, is-10-20;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the ninth lens far away from the tenth lens is-10 to-20, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the ninth lens close to the tenth lens is 20 to 30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the tenth lens, which is far away from the eleventh lens, is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the tenth lens, which is close to the eleventh lens, is 80-100;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eleventh lens, which is close to the tenth lens, is-100 to-120, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eleventh lens, which is far away from the tenth lens, is-30 to-40.
Further, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
the central thickness range of the first lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
the central thickness range of the second lens is 2 mm-3 mm;
the central thickness range of the third lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
the central thickness range of the fourth lens is 3 mm-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the fifth lens is 3 mm-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the sixth lens is 7 mm-8 mm;
the central thickness range of the seventh lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
the central thickness range of the eighth lens is 7-8 mm;
the central thickness range of the ninth lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
the central thickness range of the tenth lens is 3-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the eleventh lens is 3 mm-4 mm.
Further, the combined focal length of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 35mm, and the total optical length of the infrared confocal lens is less than 90mm.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of the present invention is:
the invention provides an infrared confocal lens, which comprises a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a third lens 3, a fourth lens 4, a fifth lens 5, a diaphragm, a sixth lens 6, a seventh lens 7, an eighth lens 8, a ninth lens 9, a tenth lens 10 and an eleventh lens 11 which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light rays;
the first lens and the second lens form a first bonding group in sealed connection, the third lens and the fourth lens form a second bonding group in sealed connection, the fifth lens is a double-convex lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens form a third bonding group in sealed connection, the eighth lens and the ninth lens form a fourth bonding group in sealed connection, and the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are meniscus lenses;
the air space between the second lens and the third lens ranges from 10mm to 11mm, the air space between the fourth lens and the fifth lens ranges from 0mm to 0.2mm, the air space between the fifth lens and the diaphragm ranges from 1mm to 3mm, the air space between the seventh lens and the eighth lens ranges from 2mm to 3mm, the air space between the ninth lens and the tenth lens ranges from 0mm to 1mm, and the air space between the tenth lens and the eleventh lens ranges from 2mm to 3mm.
Wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
2.0 n1 (n 1) s 2.1 and 20 n1 (n 1) s 30; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S1) of the first lens far away from the second lens is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S2) of the first lens close to the second lens is 50-60; the central thickness range of the first lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
1.6-n 2-n 1.7-30-n 2-n 40; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S2) of the second lens far away from the third lens is 50-60, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S3) of the second lens close to the third lens is 12-15; the central thickness range of the second lens is 2 mm-3 mm;
1.7-n 3-1.8-20-n 3-30; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S4) of the third lens far away from the fourth lens is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S5) of the third lens near the fourth lens is 40 to 50; the central thickness range of the third lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
1.5-n 4-n 1.6-60-n 4-n 70; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S5) of the fourth lens far away from the fifth lens is 40-50, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S6) of the fourth lens near the fifth lens is-20-30; the central thickness range of the fourth lens is 3-4 mm;
1.8-n 5-1.9-30-v 5-40; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S7) of the fifth lens far away from the sixth lens is 60-70, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S8) of the fifth lens near the sixth lens is-140-150; the central thickness range of the fifth lens is 3-4 mm;
1.5-n 6-1.6-60-n 6-70; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S10) of the sixth lens far away from the seventh lens is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S11) of the sixth lens near the seventh lens is-20-30; the central thickness range of the sixth lens is 7 mm-8 mm;
1.4-n 7-1.5-60-n 7-70; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S11) of the seventh lens far away from the eighth lens is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S12) of the seventh lens near the eighth lens is 10 to 20; the central thickness range of the seventh lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
1.5-n 8-n 1.6-60-n 8-n 70-n; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S13) of the eighth lens far away from the ninth lens is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S14) of the eighth lens near the ninth lens is-10-20; the central thickness range of the eighth lens is 7 mm-8 mm;
1.6-n 9-40-1.7-30-n 9-n; the curvature radius range of the side surface (S14) of the ninth lens far away from the tenth lens is-10 to-20, and the curvature radius range of the side surface (S15) of the ninth lens near the tenth lens is 20 to 30; the central thickness range of the ninth lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
1.7 nls n10 nls 1.8 and 50 nls v10 nls 60; the curvature radius range of a side surface (S16) of the tenth lens far away from the eleventh lens is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of a side surface (S17) of the tenth lens near to the eleventh lens is 80-100; the central thickness range of the tenth lens is 3-4 mm;
1.9 nls n11 and 2, 10 nls v11 and 20; the curvature radius of the side surface (S18) of the eleventh lens close to the tenth lens ranges from-100 to-120, and the curvature radius of the side surface (S19) of the eleventh lens far from the tenth lens ranges from-30 to-40. The central thickness range of the eleventh lens is 3 mm-4 mm.
Wherein n1-n11 are refractive indexes of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence, and v1-v11 are Abbe coefficients of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence.
In this embodiment, a combined focal length of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 35mm, and an optical total length of the infrared confocal lens is less than 90mm.
In the embodiment, the total optical length is 89mm, fno1.45, the distortion is-3%, the relative illumination is 43%, and the optical back focus is 20.8mm.
The specific experimental data are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the infrared confocal lens provided by the invention adopts four groups of eleven-piece structures, and the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels. Can realize day and night confocal function. The fuzzy phenomenon of the picture can be avoided under the severe environment of-30 to 70. The tolerance analysis is good, and the mass production level can be achieved. Through detection, the MTF value of the central view field of the optical system is larger than 0.3 at a position of 200lp/mm, the MTF values of the edge view fields are larger than 0.3 at a position of 160lp/mm, the resolution can reach 2000 ten thousand pixels at most, the maximum support is 1.1 inch of chips, the distortion is smaller than 4%, the Fno is 1.4, the relative illumination is larger than 40%, the optical back focus is larger than 10mm, the requirements of each camera are met, the total optical length is smaller than 90mm, and the focal length is 35mm.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An infrared confocal lens is characterized by comprising a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a diaphragm, a sixth lens, a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens and an eleventh lens which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light rays;
the first lens and the second lens form a first bonding group in sealed connection, the third lens and the fourth lens form a second bonding group in sealed connection, the fifth lens is a double-convex lens, the sixth lens and the seventh lens form a third bonding group in sealed connection, the eighth lens and the ninth lens form a fourth bonding group in sealed connection, and the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are meniscus lenses;
the air interval range between the second lens and the third lens is 10 mm-11 mm, the air interval range between the fourth lens and the fifth lens is 0 mm-0.2 mm, the air interval range between the fifth lens and the diaphragm is 1 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the seventh lens and the eighth lens is 2 mm-3 mm, the air interval range between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 0 mm-1 mm, and the air interval range between the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 2 mm-3 mm.
2. The infrared confocal lens of claim 1, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens, and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
2.0<n1<2.1，20<v1<30；
1.6<n2<1.7，30<v2<40；
1.7<n3<1.8，20<v3<30；
1.5<n4<1.6，60<v4<70；
1.8<n5<1.9，30<v5<40；
1.5<n6<1.6，60<v6<70；
1.4<n7<1.5，60<v7<70；
1.5<n8<1.6，60<v8<70；
1.6<n9<1.7，30<v9<40；
1.7<n10<1.8，50<v10<60；
1.9<n11<2，10<v11<20；
wherein n1-n11 are refractive indexes of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence, and v1-v11 are abbe coefficients of the first lens and the eleventh lens in sequence.
3. The infrared confocal lens of claim 1, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the first lens, which is far away from the second lens, is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the first lens, which is close to the second lens, is 50-60;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the second lens far away from the third lens is 50-60, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the second lens close to the third lens is 12-15;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the third lens, which is far away from the fourth lens, is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the third lens, which is near to the fourth lens, is 40 to 50;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fourth lens far away from the fifth lens is 40-50, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fourth lens close to the fifth lens is-20 to-30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fifth lens far away from the sixth lens is 60-70, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the fifth lens close to the sixth lens is-140-150;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the sixth lens, which is far away from the seventh lens, is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the sixth lens, which is close to the seventh lens, is-20-30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the seventh lens, which is far away from the eighth lens, is-20 to-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the seventh lens, which is close to the eighth lens, is 10 to 20;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eighth lens, which is far away from the ninth lens, is 30-40, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eighth lens, which is close to the ninth lens, is-10-20;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the ninth lens, which is far away from the tenth lens, is-10 to-20, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the ninth lens, which is near to the tenth lens, is 20 to 30;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the tenth lens, which is far away from the eleventh lens, is 20-30, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the tenth lens, which is close to the eleventh lens, is 80-100;
the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eleventh lens, which is close to the tenth lens, is-100 to-120, and the curvature radius range of the side surface of the eleventh lens, which is far away from the tenth lens, is-30 to-40.
4. The infrared confocal lens of claim 1, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens further satisfy the following optical conditions:
the central thickness range of the first lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
the central thickness range of the second lens is 2 mm-3 mm;
the central thickness range of the third lens is 5 mm-6 mm;
the central thickness range of the fourth lens is 3-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the fifth lens is 3-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the sixth lens is 7 mm-8 mm;
the central thickness range of the seventh lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
the central thickness range of the eighth lens is 7-8 mm;
the central thickness range of the ninth lens is 1 mm-2 mm;
the central thickness range of the tenth lens is 3-4 mm;
the central thickness range of the eleventh lens is 3 mm-4 mm.
5. The infrared confocal lens of claim 1, wherein the combined focal length of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, the sixth lens, the seventh lens, the eighth lens, the ninth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 35mm, and the total optical length of the infrared confocal lens is less than 90mm.
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