CN115325862A - Heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115325862A
CN115325862A CN202210884076.XA CN202210884076A CN115325862A CN 115325862 A CN115325862 A CN 115325862A CN 202210884076 A CN202210884076 A CN 202210884076A CN 115325862 A CN115325862 A CN 115325862A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
liquid metal
heat exchange
supercritical gas
heat
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Pending
Application number
CN202210884076.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张智刚
杜海粟
刘宏
高凯
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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Priority to CN202210884076.XA priority Critical patent/CN115325862A/en
Publication of CN115325862A publication Critical patent/CN115325862A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/06Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints
    • F28F9/12Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by dismountable joints by flange-type connections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/0287Other particular headers or end plates having passages for different heat exchange media

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas, which comprises a heat exchanger shell, two groups of heat exchanger end sockets arranged on the heat exchanger shell, a heat exchanger core arranged in the heat exchanger shell and a heat exchanger bracket for supporting the heat exchanger shell, wherein the heat exchanger core comprises a liquid metal heat exchange plate, a supercritical gas heat exchange plate and an end plate, the two groups of heat exchanger end sockets are respectively a liquid metal inlet end socket, a liquid metal outlet end socket and a supercritical gas inlet end socket and a supercritical gas outlet end socket, the two groups of heat exchanger end sockets are respectively connected with corresponding pipe joints and flanges, and the two heat exchange plates adopt D-shaped channels. The heat exchanger for the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide provided by the invention adopts the heat exchanger core body with a special structure, can realize efficient heat exchange of the liquid lead bismuth and the carbon dioxide, has the characteristic of compact structure, and is obviously reduced in volume compared with a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

Description

Heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers, and relates to a heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas, in particular to a special core structure for heat exchange between two special working media, namely liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide.
Background
At present, a small-sized high-efficiency nuclear power reactor using liquid lead-bismuth alloy as a cooling working medium is the leading field of international nuclear energy development, so a heat exchanger related to energy exchange of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is also concerned, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is mostly researched at the present stage.
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger bearing high temperature and high pressure is widely applied to a thermal power generation system, and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is adopted for a high-pressure heater, a low-pressure heater and the like, but the problems of relatively low heat exchange efficiency and large volume of the heat exchanger exist all the time. With the technological progress, printed circuit board heat exchangers (PCHEs) are beginning to be applied to thermal power systems, the efficiency of the heat exchangers is obviously improved, and the volume of the PCHEs is only about one tenth of that of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. However, the melting point of the liquid lead bismuth is 125 ℃, the viscosity of the liquid lead bismuth is about 2 times that of water, and the density of the liquid lead bismuth is 10 times that of the water, so that the conventional PCHE heat exchanger cannot be applied to heat exchange between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and working media such as water, helium, carbon dioxide and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency, compact and safe heat exchanger for an electric system using Brayton cycle power of liquid metal and supercritical gas.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger shell, two groups of heat exchanger end sockets arranged on the heat exchanger shell, a heat exchanger core arranged in the heat exchanger shell and a heat exchanger support for supporting the heat exchanger shell, wherein the heat exchanger core comprises a liquid metal heat exchange plate, a supercritical gas heat exchange plate and an end plate, the two groups of heat exchanger end sockets are respectively a liquid metal inlet end socket, a liquid metal outlet end socket and a supercritical gas inlet end socket, the two groups of heat exchanger end sockets are respectively connected with corresponding pipe joints and flanges, and the two heat exchange plates are respectively provided with a D-shaped channel.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the number ratio of the D-shaped channels of the liquid metal heat exchange plate and the supercritical gas heat exchange plate is 1.
2. The liquid metal is liquid lead-bismuth alloy, liquid mercury, liquid lead, liquid sodium-potassium alloy or molten salt, and the supercritical gas is carbon dioxide, water vapor or helium.
3. Supercritical gas enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the supercritical gas heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, heat is transferred to the supercritical gas heat exchange plate, the liquid metal heat exchange plate is heated, when the temperature of the liquid metal heat exchange plate exceeds 125 ℃, a liquid metal pipeline valve is opened, the liquid metal enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the liquid metal heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal and the supercritical gas complete heat exchange in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, the supercritical gas after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, and further the high-efficiency heat exchange of the liquid metal and the supercritical gas is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat exchanger for the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide provided by the invention adopts the heat exchanger core body with a special structure, can realize efficient heat exchange of the liquid lead bismuth and the carbon dioxide, has the characteristic of compact structure, and is obviously reduced in volume compared with a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The invention can realize the high-efficiency heat exchange between the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide, and has the advantages that:
(1) The heat exchange efficiency is high, the safety is high, the equipment structure is compact, the occupied area is small, and the arrangement is easy;
(2) The liquid lead bismuth side adopts a D-shaped channel with large equivalent diameter to prevent the liquid lead bismuth alloy from blocking the channel, and the carbon dioxide side channel adopts a micro-channel form, so that the heat exchange area can be effectively increased, and the heat exchange efficiency of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide can be favorably improved;
(3) The liquid lead-bismuth alloy large-equivalent-diameter D-shaped channel is prepared by adopting mechanical finish machining, the supercritical carbon dioxide side micro-channel adopts an etching technology, the two heat exchange plates adopt different processing technologies and are welded into an integral heat exchanger core by adopting a diffusion welding technology, the welding quality of the core can be ensured, and the strength of the heat exchanger core is high;
(4) The liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate form a core body which is assembled in the shell of the heat exchanger, so that the safety of the heat exchanger is doubly guaranteed;
(5) The heat exchanger is provided with the bracket, so that the heat exchanger is arranged obliquely after being assembled, the liquid lead bismuth alloy can be discharged completely after the system of the heat exchanger is stopped, and the phenomenon of blocking a D-shaped flow channel of the liquid lead bismuth alloy can be avoided;
(6) The end sockets at two ends of the heat exchanger are special design structures for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy heat exchanger, and lead-bismuth alloy is not accumulated in the end sockets after the system is shut down.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a heat exchanger;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a heat exchanger;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the core;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the core;
in the figure: 1 a heat exchanger shell; 2, a heat exchanger core; 2-1 carbon dioxide heat exchange plates; 2-2, liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plates; 2-3 core end plates; 3, sealing an inlet end socket of the liquid lead bismuth alloy; 3-1 liquid lead bismuth alloy inlet pipe joint; 3-2 liquid lead bismuth alloy inlet flange; 4, sealing an outlet of the liquid lead bismuth alloy; 4-1 liquid lead bismuth alloy outlet pipe joint; 4-2, a liquid lead bismuth alloy outlet flange; 5, sealing a supercritical carbon dioxide outlet; 5-1 supercritical carbon dioxide outlet pipe joint; 5-2 supercritical carbon dioxide outlet flange; 6, sealing an inlet of supercritical carbon dioxide; 6-1 supercritical carbon dioxide inlet pipe joint; 6-2 supercritical carbon dioxide inlet flange; 7 heat exchanger support.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention combines the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide to provide an implementation case of the invention: the invention provides a heat exchanger for heat exchange of liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide, which comprises a heat exchanger shell, a heat exchanger end socket, a pipe joint, a flange and a heat exchanger core body, wherein the heat exchanger core body consists of a liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate, a supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate and an end plate, D-shaped direct flow channels are adopted on the heat exchange plates of two working media, the D-shaped channels on the liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate are manufactured in a mechanical finish machining mode, the diameter of the D-shaped flow channels is 5-10 mm, the D-shaped direct flow channels on the supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate are manufactured by adopting an etching technology, and the diameter of the D-shaped flow channels is 1-3 mm. The heat exchanger scheme is shown in figures 1-4.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are not limitative. Any modification of the technical rules or equivalent substitution of the present invention shall fall within the spirit and scope of the technical rules and claims of the present invention. The content specifically comprises the following contents:
(1) The liquid lead bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger provided by the invention is also suitable for heat exchange between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and working media such as water, water vapor, helium and the like;
(2) The D-shaped flow passage of the heat exchange plate of the heat exchanger is not limited to a straight passage, and can also adopt the forms of an S passage, a Z passage and the like;
(3) The 1D-shaped channel of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy heat exchange plate of the heat exchanger can not only correspond to the 2D-shaped channels of the supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate, but also correspond to a plurality of D-shaped flow channels of the carbon dioxide heat exchange plate;
(4) The liquid lead-bismuth alloy heat exchange plate of the heat exchanger disclosed by the invention is not only suitable for liquid lead-bismuth alloy, but also suitable for working media such as liquid mercury, liquid lead, liquid sodium-potassium alloy, molten salt and the like;
(5) The supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate of the heat exchanger provided by the invention is not only suitable for carbon dioxide, but also suitable for working media such as water vapor, helium and the like;
(6) The heat exchanger is not limited to be applied to a four-generation small-pile power generation system, can also be applied to special equipment and places such as torpedoes, aerospace and photo-thermal power generation systems, and can be widely applied to heat exchange equipment related to liquid metal heat transfer.
The invention provides a heat exchanger for liquid lead-bismuth alloy and supercritical carbon dioxide, and the scheme of the heat exchanger is shown in figures 1-4.
The heat exchanger mainly comprises a heat exchanger shell, a heat exchanger core, liquid lead bismuth alloy inlet and outlet end sockets, liquid lead bismuth alloy inlet and outlet pipe joints, liquid lead bismuth alloy inlet and outlet flanges, supercritical carbon dioxide inlet and outlet end sockets, supercritical carbon dioxide inlet and outlet pipe joints, supercritical carbon dioxide inlet and outlet flanges, a heat exchanger support and the like.
The heat exchanger core body is composed of a liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate, a supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate and a heat exchanger core body end plate.
The scheme of the invention is explained in detail by combining the scheme diagram of the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger:
starting a heat exchange system: supercritical carbon dioxide enters the heat exchanger end socket 6 through the inlet pipe joint 6-1 and then flows into the supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchange plate 2-1 in the heat exchanger core 2, heat is transferred to the carbon dioxide heat exchange plate and the liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate is heated, when the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate exceeds 125 ℃, a liquid lead bismuth alloy pipeline valve is opened, high-temperature liquid lead bismuth alloy enters the heat exchanger end socket 3 through the inlet pipe joint 3-1 and then flows into the liquid lead bismuth alloy heat exchange plate 2-2 in the heat exchanger core 2, heat exchange is completed between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the heat exchanger core 2, the liquid lead bismuth alloy after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket 4 and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint 4-1, the supercritical carbon dioxide after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket 5 and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint 5-1, and efficient heat exchange between the liquid lead bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide is further realized.
Stopping the heat exchange system: and after the liquid lead bismuth loop stops working, the supercritical carbon dioxide system is maintained to continue to operate, and the liquid lead bismuth alloy is discharged out of the core body and the end socket of the heat exchanger by utilizing the characteristic of inclined arrangement of the heat exchanger until the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the heat exchanger is completely emptied, and at the moment, the carbon dioxide system can be stopped.
The heat exchanger can realize efficient and safe heat exchange between the liquid lead-bismuth alloy and the supercritical carbon dioxide, and can realize efficient heat exchange between the liquid mercury, sodium-potassium alloy and the molten salt and the supercritical carbon dioxide, water, steam and helium, and the heat exchanger can be applied to a four-generation small reactor power generation system and can also be applied to systems or equipment such as solar power generation, nuclear submarines, torpedoes and the like.

Claims (5)

1. A heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas, characterized by: the heat exchanger core comprises liquid metal heat exchange plates, supercritical gas heat exchange plates and end plates, the two groups of heat exchanger end plates are respectively a liquid metal inlet end plate, a liquid metal outlet end plate and a supercritical gas inlet end plate and a supercritical gas outlet end plate, the two groups of heat exchanger end plates are connected with corresponding pipe joints and flanges, and the two heat exchange plates are provided with D-shaped channels.
2. A heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number ratio of the D-shaped channels of the liquid metal heat exchange plate to the supercritical gas heat exchange plate is 1.
3. A heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the liquid metal is liquid lead-bismuth alloy, liquid mercury, liquid lead, liquid sodium-potassium alloy or molten salt, and the supercritical gas is carbon dioxide, water vapor or helium.
4. A heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: supercritical gas enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the supercritical gas heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, heat is transferred to the supercritical gas heat exchange plate, the liquid metal heat exchange plate is heated, when the temperature of the liquid metal heat exchange plate exceeds 125 ℃, a liquid metal pipeline valve is opened, the liquid metal enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the liquid metal heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal and the supercritical gas complete heat exchange in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, the supercritical gas after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, and further the high-efficiency heat exchange of the liquid metal and the supercritical gas is realized.
5. A heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas according to claim 3, characterized by: supercritical gas enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the supercritical gas heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, heat is transferred to the supercritical gas heat exchange plate, the liquid metal heat exchange plate is heated, when the temperature of the liquid metal heat exchange plate exceeds 125 ℃, a liquid metal pipeline valve is opened, the liquid metal enters the heat exchanger end socket from the inlet pipe joint and then flows into the liquid metal heat exchange plate in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal and the supercritical gas complete heat exchange in the heat exchanger core, the liquid metal after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, the supercritical gas after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger end socket and flows out of the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe joint, and further the high-efficiency heat exchange of the liquid metal and the supercritical gas is realized.
CN202210884076.XA 2022-07-26 2022-07-26 Heat exchanger for liquid metal and supercritical gas Pending CN115325862A (en)

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CN115325862A true CN115325862A (en) 2022-11-11

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109443043A (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-03-08 西安交通大学 A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger
CN111895822A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-06 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Micro-channel heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide power generation circulation
CN214307644U (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-09-28 首航高科能源技术股份有限公司 Gas heating device and system based on PCHE heat exchange technology
DE202021105183U1 (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-10-07 Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd Highly efficient supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system with a sodium-cooled fast reactor and two-stage branching
CN113686918A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-23 哈尔滨工程大学 Liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2Loop coupling heat transfer characteristic research experiment system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109443043A (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-03-08 西安交通大学 A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger
CN111895822A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-06 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Micro-channel heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide power generation circulation
CN214307644U (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-09-28 首航高科能源技术股份有限公司 Gas heating device and system based on PCHE heat exchange technology
DE202021105183U1 (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-10-07 Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd Highly efficient supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system with a sodium-cooled fast reactor and two-stage branching
CN113686918A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-23 哈尔滨工程大学 Liquid lead bismuth alloy and SCO2Loop coupling heat transfer characteristic research experiment system

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