CN115322034A - Coffee peel composting method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coffee peel composting method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115322034A CN115322034A CN202211017175.4A CN202211017175A CN115322034A CN 115322034 A CN115322034 A CN 115322034A CN 202211017175 A CN202211017175 A CN 202211017175A CN 115322034 A CN115322034 A CN 115322034A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a coffee pericarp composting method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of waste utilization and composting, and particularly relates to a coffee pericarp composting method, which comprises the following steps: mixing the coffee peels with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material; composting the compost base material in a high-temperature aerobic composting way; during the composting, a plurality of piles are stacked into a high-low fluctuating pile. The composting mode provided by the invention is based on a high-temperature aerobic composting technology, and composting is carried out by adopting a high-low fluctuation composting mode, so that the rapid temperature rise is facilitated, the higher temperature is kept for a long time, the decomposition of substances such as cellulose, pectin and the like of the coffee pericarp is accelerated, the decomposition period is shortened, and the decomposition of the coffee pericarp can be completed within 40-60 days. The composting method provided by the invention can effectively kill harmful organisms such as coliform, drosophila larvae and the like in the pericarp, and the obtained coffee pericarp organic fertilizer has stable fertilizer effect, can be widely used as a crop fertilizer, and is particularly suitable for improving acid soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste utilization and composting, in particular to a coffee pericarp composting method and application thereof.
Background
According to the statistics of office statistics of south subtropical zone crops developed in rural areas of agriculture, the coffee planting area in China is more than 140 ten thousand mu, and the fresh coffee fruits are processed every year to generate approximately 40 ten thousand tons of peel wastes. Most of the peels generated after coffee is processed by scattered households or enterprises are discarded at will, or returned to the field directly or returned to the field after being composted naturally at will. Wherein, the coffee peel is directly discarded, which causes resource waste and environmental pollution; returning the coffee pericarp to the field directly can cause the pH value of the soil to be reduced and influence the growth of crops. In addition, the coffee pericarp is naturally piled and retted in the open air and returned to the field, and a large amount of CH is released in the composting removing process 4 、N 2 O and CO 2 And the like, and the environment is polluted, so that the negative influence of global warming is increased, and the problems that the composting conditions of coffee peels are not mature, scientific technical guidance is not provided, the coffee composting time is often long, the composting quality is difficult to guarantee, the coffee peel composts often have a mixture of black flaky and gray particles, the compost particles are not uniform, the compost has strong odor, harmful organisms such as faecal coliform, drosophila larvae and the like exist in part of the composts, the pH value of compost products is uncontrollable and the like are solved.
The content of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the coffee pericarp is high, the coffee pericarp can be used as a potential organic fertilizer source for agricultural production, and how to reasonably and fully utilize the coffee pericarp waste is a technical problem to be solved urgently for realizing scientific and sustainable development of the coffee product industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coffee pericarp composting mode which can reasonably and fully utilize coffee pericarp wastes, greatly shorten the composting time and obtain high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a coffee pericarp composting method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the coffee peels with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material;
composting the compost base material in a high-temperature aerobic composting way; during composting, a plurality of piles are stacked into a fluctuating pile.
Preferably, the stacks comprise wave-type stacks or trapezoidal stacks or pyramidal stacks.
Preferably, the pile height of the pile body is 0.5-1.5 m, the pile width is 1-2 m, and the slope bottom height is 0.3-0.5 m.
Preferably, before the mixing, humic acid is added into the coffee peel; the addition amount of the humic acid is 0.1-1% of the mass of the coffee pericarp.
Preferably, the compost base material comprises 60-90% of coffee pericarp and 10-40% of organic auxiliary materials in percentage by mass.
Preferably, the mixing further comprises adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material; the water content of the compost base material is 55-65 wt.%.
Preferably, in the composting treatment, the compost is turned once every 2 to 4 days; and stopping turning the pile after the temperature of the pile body is reduced to be below 40 ℃.
Preferably, in the composting treatment, after the temperature of the compost is reduced to normal temperature, the normal-temperature composting is kept for 15-30 days, and the composting is finished; the composting period is 40-60 days.
The invention provides a coffee pericarp organic fertilizer obtained by composting by the composting method in the technical scheme, wherein the content of organic matters in the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is 78-90 wt%, the content of major elements is 10-15 wt%, and the pH value is 7.5-9.0.
The invention also provides application of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer in promoting crop growth.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a coffee pericarp composting method, which comprises the following steps: mixing the coffee peels with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material; composting the compost base material in a high-temperature aerobic composting way; during the composting, a plurality of piles are stacked into a high-low fluctuating pile. The coffee pericarp composting method provided by the invention is based on a high-temperature aerobic composting technology, the coffee pericarp and the organic auxiliary materials are mixed to form a high-low pile, so that the contact area between the pile body and the air can be enlarged, the temperature of the compost is rapidly increased in the composting process, the high-temperature retention time is prolonged, the decomposition of substances such as cellulose, pectin and the like in the pericarp can be accelerated after long-time high-temperature composting, the rotten period is shortened, the whole composting period can be finished within 40-60 days, and compared with the composting period which requires more than 5 months in natural composting, the composting period is greatly shortened.
Furthermore, the composting method provided by the invention can maintain the temperature of more than 55 ℃ for more than or equal to 7d, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as coliform groups, drosophila larvae and the like in the pericarp, and eliminates adverse effects of the coffee pericarp on crop growth and the like. The organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp prepared by the composting method provided by the invention has the organic matter content of about 80 wt%, the major element content of more than 10 wt% and the pH value of 7.5-9.0, and the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp has the characteristics of stable fertilizer efficiency, capability of promoting the growth of crops, regulating the soil microenvironment and improving the soil acidity and alkalinity, can be widely applied to crop fertilizers, improves the soil physicochemical properties, improves the organic matter and mineral nutrient content of the soil, and fertilizes the soil, and is particularly suitable for improving acid soil.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wavy up-and-down heaped structure during composting of coffee cherry peel, wherein A is the top of the heaps, B is the bottom of the heaps, C is the bottom of the slope, AB is the height of the heaps, CD is the height of the bottom of the slope, the horizontal distance of DE is the width of the heaps, and a square frame represents a heaped body;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a trapezoidal undulating heaps and a conical undulating heaps in coffee pericarp composting, wherein the left view is a schematic view of the trapezoidal undulating heaps and the right view is a schematic view of the conical undulating heaps, wherein A is a heap top, B is a heap bottom, C is a slope bottom, AB is the heap height, CD is the slope bottom height, and a square frame represents a heap body;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a heap of coffee cherry skin during composting;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the finished product of the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coffee pericarp composting method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the coffee peels with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material;
composting the compost base material in a high-temperature aerobic composting way; the compost base material adopts a high and low fluctuation stacking mode to obtain a pile body.
According to the invention, the coffee pericarp is mixed with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material. In the invention, the coffee pericarp is preferably pericarp waste generated after coffee processing, and more preferably one or more of the pericarp waste generated after coffee wet processing, the pericarp waste generated after coffee semi-wet processing and the pericarp waste generated after coffee dry processing. Before the coffee pericarp is mixed with the organic auxiliary materials, the invention preferably also comprises humic acid added in the coffee pericarp; the humic acid is preferably nitro humic acid; the addition amount of the humic acid is preferably 0.1 to 1 percent of the mass of the coffee pericarp, and more preferably 0.5 percent. In the invention, the addition of the humic acid preferably adjusts the pH of the coffee pericarp to be less than or equal to 9.0, more preferably adjusts the pH of the coffee pericarp to be 8.0-9.0, and even more preferably adjusts the pH of the coffee pericarp to be 8.5. The humic acid is added into the coffee pericarp to mainly reduce the pH value of the coffee pericarp raw material, so that the root burning phenomenon of the prepared organic fertilizer is avoided, and the prepared organic fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard.
In the invention, the organic auxiliary materials preferably comprise one or more of organic fertilizer, livestock and poultry manure and other organic materials. In the invention, the organic fertilizer preferably comprises commercial organic fertilizer and/or microbial organic fertilizer which takes livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like as main raw materials; the livestock and poultry manure preferably comprises one or more of cow manure, sheep manure and pig manure; the other organic material preferably comprises dead branches and fallen leaves. In the invention, the coffee pericarp and the organic auxiliary material preferably comprise 60-90% of coffee pericarp and 10-40% of organic auxiliary material by mass; more preferably, the mass percentage of the coffee pericarp is 70 percent, and the mass percentage of the organic auxiliary material is 30 percent. The method adds the organic auxiliary materials into the coffee pericarp mainly in order to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio suitable for composting, so that the initial carbon-nitrogen mass ratio is 25-35. After the coffee cherry peels are mixed with the organic auxiliary materials, the invention preferably also comprises the step of adjusting the water content of the mixture. The present invention preferably regulates the moisture content of the composting base material to be between 55wt.% and 65wt.%, more preferably 60wt.%. The invention adjusts the base material to a certain water content, which is beneficial to promoting the propagation and fermentation of microorganism, thereby maintaining the temperature in the compost.
The invention carries out composting treatment on the composting base material by adopting a high-temperature aerobic composting mode. During composting, a plurality of piles are preferably stacked into a high-low fluctuating pile; the height of the pile body is preferably 0.5-1.5 m, and more preferably 1m; the stacking width of the stacking body is preferably 1-2 m, and more preferably 1.5m; the height of the slope base is preferably 0.3 to 0.5m, and more preferably 0.5m. The height fluctuation stack is preferably a wave type height fluctuation stack or a trapezoid type height fluctuation stack or a conical type height fluctuation stack; the pile body is preferably in a mountain-shaped gentle slope type. In the invention, the heights of different stacks in the undulating stack may be the same or different, and the stack width and the slope bottom height may be the same or different. In the invention, the top end of the pile body is preferably a slope top; the bottom of the pile body is preferably the bottom of the pile; the intersection of two adjacent stacks forms a slope bottom; the vertical height of the slope top and the pile bottom is the pile height; the vertical height of the slope bottom and the pile bottom is the slope bottom height; when the height fluctuation stack is a wave-type height fluctuation stack, the horizontal distance between two adjacent slope bottoms is preferably the stack width; when the height fluctuation stack is a trapezoidal height fluctuation stack or a conical height fluctuation stack, the horizontal distance of the connecting line of the middle positions of two adjacent slope bottoms is the stack width. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, an undulating stack is shown in fig. 1. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, a trapezoidal pitch stack is shown in the left diagram of fig. 2. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, a conical shaped undulating stack is shown in the right hand drawing of fig. 2. The length of the compost is not specially limited, and the length of the compost is determined according to the field and the convenient operation. According to the invention, the contact area between the compost and the air can be enlarged by composting in a way that a plurality of compost bodies are stacked into a fluctuating pile, so that the temperature of the compost is rapidly increased in the composting process, and the fermentation temperature of the compost bodies is increased. The pile height setting is convenient for pile turning, and sufficient oxygen is provided for pile fermentation, so that the high-temperature fermentation process is smoothly carried out, and the problem that pile turning is not facilitated due to overhigh pile height can be avoided, so that the problem of oxygen deficiency in the pile is avoided.
The temperature of the piled body rises to 55 ℃ after the piled body is piled for 2 to 3 days; the time for maintaining the temperature of the stack at 55 ℃ or higher is preferably not less than 7 days, more preferably 8 to 15 days, and still more preferably 10 to 13 days. In the invention, when the organic material is a biological organic fertilizer, the time for maintaining the temperature of the pile body above 60 ℃ in the high-temperature aerobic composting process is preferably not less than 3 days, more preferably 3-6 days, and even more preferably 4 days. The invention maintains the time of over 55 ℃ in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process to be more than or equal to 7d, can accelerate the decomposition and decomposition of substances such as cellulose, pectin and the like of the peel, and greatly reduces the decomposition period; meanwhile, harmful microorganisms, worm eggs and the like can be effectively eliminated in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process, and the quality of the fermented organic fertilizer is improved. In the high-temperature aerobic composting process, the pile is turned preferably once every 2 to 4 days, and more preferably once every 3 days. After the pile is turned, the pile body can keep the pile height, the pile width and/or the slope bottom height unchanged; the original stack height, stack width and/or slope bottom height may not be maintained as long as the stack height, stack width and slope bottom height of the stack body are within the range defined by the invention. In the present invention, it is preferable to stop the turning after the temperature of the stack has dropped to 40 ℃ or lower. The pile turning is carried out in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process, so that the contact area with air is increased, the high temperature of the pile is maintained while the materials are fully fermented, and the influence on the quality of the organic fertilizer due to the anaerobic fermentation is avoided.
In the composting process, after the temperature of the compost is reduced to normal temperature, the compost is kept at the normal temperature for 15-30 days preferably, and 20 days more preferably. In the invention, preferably, the organic fertilizer for the coffee pericarp is obtained after the normal-temperature fermentation is finished. In the present invention, the composting period is preferably 40 to 60d, more preferably 46 to 55d, still more preferably 49 to 55d, and more preferably 53d.
The invention provides a coffee pericarp organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme, wherein the content of organic matters in the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is 78-90 wt%, the content of macroelements is 10-15 wt%, and the pH value of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is 7.5-9.0.
In the invention, the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer preferably also comprises trace elements; the trace elements preferably comprise one or more of manganese, copper, iron or zinc.
The invention also provides application of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer in promoting crop growth. The application mode of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer and also can be applied as an additional fertilizer. The application object of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is not specially limited, and the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer can be used as an organic fertilizer for any crops. In the invention, the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer promotes the growth of crops, preferably promotes the growth of crops by improving the soil microenvironment, and more preferably promotes the growth of crops by improving the activity of soil enzymes. In the invention, the soil enzyme activity is preferably improved by one or more of soil acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and urease activity. In the present invention, the promotion of crop growth is preferably the promotion of seed germination, the promotion of crop dry weight and/or the photosynthesis characteristics of crop leaves. The promotion of the dry weight of the crop according to the present invention is preferably promotion of the dry weight of the crop above ground and/or the dry weight of the root system, more preferably promotion of both the dry weight of the crop above ground and the dry weight of the root system. The promotion of seed germination in the invention is preferably to improve the seed germination rate. The photosynthesis promoting characteristic of the crop leaves is preferably to increase the chlorophyll content and/or the leaf nitrogen balance index of the crop, and more preferably to increase the chlorophyll content and the leaf nitrogen balance index of the crop simultaneously. In the invention, the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer preferably can promote the germination of green vegetable seeds and the growth of coffee seedlings.
For further explanation of the present invention, the coffee pericarp composting method and its application provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) 1 ton of the crushed peel from the dry processing was collected. 5kg (0.5% of the weight of the coffee pericarp) of nitrohumic acid was added to adjust the pH of the coffee pericarp to 8.5.
(2) Uniformly mixing the acid-adjusted coffee pericarp with a commercial organic fertilizer (Jiangsu Hexi Biotech Co., ltd.) according to the proportion of 70wt.% of coffee pericarp and 30wt.% of commercial organic fertilizer to obtain a compost base material, and adjusting the water content of the compost base material to 60wt.%.
(3) According to the schematic diagram of figure 1, the compost basic materials are piled into a wave-shaped pile body with the pile height of 1.0m, the pile width of 1.5m and the slope bottom height of 0.5m. After the stacking is finished, a high-temperature aerobic fermentation process is carried out, and the temperature of the stack body is gradually increased.
(4) After 2 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃, wherein the high temperature above 60 ℃ lasts for 6 days, and the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 55 ℃ after the high temperature above 55 ℃ lasts for 10 days. The compost is turned over every 3 days. And stopping turning after the average temperature of the pile body is reduced to be below 40 ℃ after the pile is continuously piled for 17 days (the average temperature is reduced to be below 40 ℃ from 55 ℃ for 17 days). Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, and after the temperature is kept at the normal temperature for 20 days, the composting is finished. And the composting period is 49 days, and the fermentation of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp is finished. The obtained organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp is black in color and odorless. The picture of the finished product of the organic fertilizer compost of the coffee pericarp is shown in figure 4.
Comparative example 1
The compost base materials are piled into a strip pile-shaped heap body with the heap height of 1.0m and the heap width at the bottom of 1.5 m. The other steps are the same as in example 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 45 ℃, the maximum temperature of the stack is 52 ℃, the stack is turned once every 3 days, and the stack turning is stopped after the average temperature of the stack is reduced to below 40 ℃ after 15 days of stacking. Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, the organic fertilizer color of the coffee pericarp obtained after 50 days of stacking is not uniform, part of the organic fertilizer is brown sheet, part of the organic fertilizer is black sheet or powder, and the organic fertilizer has peculiar smell.
Example 2
The organic auxiliary materials are crushed dry branches and fallen leaves, the mixture is uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 70wt.% of coffee pericarp and 30wt.% of dry branches and fallen leaves, and other steps are the same as the steps in the embodiment 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃, and after the temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃ for 10 days, the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 55 ℃. The compost is turned over every 3 days. And stopping turning when the average temperature of the stack body is reduced to be below 40 ℃ after the stacking is continued for 20 days (the time is 20 days when the temperature is reduced from 55 ℃ to below 40 ℃). Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, and after the temperature is kept at the normal temperature for 20 days, the composting is finished. And the composting period is 53 days, and the fermentation of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp is finished. The obtained organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp is black in color and has no obvious peculiar smell.
Example 3
The organic auxiliary material is microbial organic fertilizer (trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, huaian chai mi river agricultural science and technology corporation), and other steps are the same as in example 1.
The temperature of the stack is gradually increased, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃ after 2 days of stacking, the high temperature above 65 ℃ is kept for 4 days, and the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 55 ℃ after the high temperature above 55 ℃ is kept for 13 days. The compost is turned over every 3 days. And stopping turning when the average temperature of the stack body is reduced to be below 40 ℃ after the stacking is continued for 20 days (the time is 20 days when the temperature is reduced from 55 ℃ to below 40 ℃). Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, and after the temperature is kept at the normal temperature for 20 days, the composting is finished. And completing the fermentation of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp in 55 days of the composting period. The obtained organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp is black in color and has no obvious peculiar smell.
Example 4
The compost base material had a moisture content of 55% and the other steps were as in example 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃, and after 8 days of high temperature above 55 ℃, the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 55 ℃. The compost is turned over every 3 days. And stopping turning when the average temperature of the stack body is reduced to be below 40 ℃ after the stacking is continued for 15 days (the time is 15 days when the temperature is reduced from 55 ℃ to below 40 ℃). Then the temperature is continuously and gradually decreased, and after the temperature is kept at the normal temperature for 20 days, the composting is finished. And completing the fermentation of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp in 46 days of the composting period. The obtained organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp is black in color and odorless.
Example 5
The moisture content of the compost base material was 65% and the other steps were the same as in example 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 55 ℃, the high temperature above 60 ℃ is kept for 3 days, and after the high temperature above 55 ℃ is kept for 10 days, the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 55 ℃. The compost is turned over every 3 days. And stopping turning after the average temperature of the stack body is reduced to be below 40 ℃ after the stacking is continued for 17 days (the time is 17 days when the temperature is reduced from 55 ℃ to below 40 ℃). Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, and the composting is finished after the temperature is kept at the normal temperature for 23 days. And completing the fermentation of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp in 53 days of the composting period. The obtained organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp is black in color and odorless.
Comparative example 2 (comparative examples corresponding to examples 1, 4 and 5)
The moisture content of the compost base material was 40%, and the other steps were the same as in example 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 45 ℃, the highest temperature is 47 ℃, after 8 days, the temperature of the stack is reduced to below 45 ℃, the stack is turned once every 3 days, and after 14 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is reduced to below 40 ℃, and the turning is stopped. Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, the organic fertilizer color of the coffee pericarp obtained after the normal temperature is kept for 20 days is not uniform, part of the organic fertilizer is brown sheet, and part of the organic fertilizer is black sheet or powder, and has peculiar smell.
Comparative example 3 (comparative examples corresponding to examples 1, 4 and 5)
The composting base had a water content of 70% and the other steps were as in example 1.
After 3 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is kept above 43 ℃, the maximum temperature is 48 ℃, after 13 days, the temperature of the stack is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the stack is turned once every 3 days, and after 20 days of stacking, the average temperature of the stack is reduced to be below 40 ℃, and the stack turning is stopped. Then the temperature is continuously and gradually reduced, the organic fertilizer color of the coffee pericarp obtained after the normal temperature is kept for 20 days is not uniform, part of the organic fertilizer is brown sheet, and part of the organic fertilizer is black sheet or powder, and has peculiar smell.
Comparative example 4
Organic fertilizer for naturally composting coffee peels
Collecting 1 ton of peel crushed materials generated by dry processing, composting by adopting an open-air natural composting mode without the requirements of pile height, pile width and the like, and turning pile, wherein the composting time is 5 months, and the obtained coffee peel is the natural composting organic fertilizer.
Application example 1
Organic matters, nutrient elements, microorganisms and the pH value of the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp prepared by the composts of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 and 4 are detected. The detection method refers to industry standard organic fertilizer NY/T525-2021. The results of the measurements are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 results of detecting organic matters, fecal coliforms and pH values in the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared in examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 4
The table 1 shows that the organic matter content of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is about 80%, the pH value is between 8 and 8.5, the microorganism content is between 2.0 and 3.0 hundred million/gram, the organic fertilizer does not contain harmful microorganisms and pests such as coliform and drosophila larvae, the organic fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard, and the fertilizer efficiency is stable.
Table 2 detection results of the content of nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1, and comparative example 4
From table 2, the content of nutrient elements in the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared by the invention reaches 10wt.% to 15wt.%, and mineral nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and the like required by plant growth are contained. The organic fertilizer for the coffee pericarp prepared by the coffee pericarp composting method provided by the invention is superior to the organic fertilizer for the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 4 in the content of major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like.
Application example 2
The influence of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 4 on the germination rate of crops is detected.
The seed germination rate test was performed in 2019 in 2 months in the laboratory of the perfumery beverage institute of tropical academy of agricultural sciences in china. Respectively weighing 10.00g of each of (1) the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp obtained in the example 1, (2) the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp obtained in the example 2, (3) the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp obtained in the example 3, (4) the organic fertilizer of the coffee pericarp obtained in the comparative example 1, and (5) the organic fertilizer compost samples obtained by randomly piling and retting the coffee pericarp in the comparative example 4, wherein each sample is correspondingly put into a single 250mL conical flask, after the water content of the sample is converted, water with corresponding mass is added according to a solid-to-liquid ratio (mass/volume) of 1 10, the bottle cap is tightly covered and vertically fixed on a constant temperature oscillator, the frequency is adjusted for 150 times/min, the mixture is vibrated and extracted for 1h at the temperature of 25 ℃, after taking down and standing for 0.5h, the supernatant is taken and filtered on a filtering device with filter paper which is installed in advance, and the filtered leaching liquor is collected and shaken uniformly. Placing 1 piece of qualitative filter paper in a 9cm culture dish, uniformly placing 10 plump cucumber seeds with consistent sizes on the qualitative filter paper, adding 10mL of sample leaching liquor, covering the culture dish cover, placing the culture dish cover in an incubator at 25 ℃ for culturing for 48h in a dark place, counting the number of the germinated seeds, and measuring the root length one by using a vernier caliper. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with deionized water as a control, and a blank test was performed.
The Germination Index (GI) of seeds, expressed as% was calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula:
a1-percentage of the number of germinated grains in seeds cultured by the leaching liquor of the fruit peel compost to the total number of the seeds is (%);
a2-average root length value in millimeters (mm) for all seeds cultured by leaching liquor of pericarp compost;
b1, the number of germinated seeds in the seeds cultured in water accounts for the percentage of the total number of the seeds placed in the seeds, and the unit is percentage (%);
b2-average root length in millimeters (mm) for all seeds grown in water.
The germination rate test results of cucumber seeds are shown in table 3.
Table 3 influence of organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared in examples 1 to 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 4 on germination rate of cucumber seeds
| Treatment of | Germination index of cucumber seeds |
| Example 1 | 85％ |
| Example 2 | 85％ |
| Example 3 | 90％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 50％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 50％ |
As can be seen from table 3, the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer prepared by the composting method of the present invention can significantly improve the germination index of cucumber seeds compared with the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer and the coffee pericarp natural retting organic fertilizer prepared by the strip-stack composting method, and the composite seed germination index of the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer prepared by the coffee pericarp composting method of the present invention is an organic fertilizer standard of more than 70%.
The germination indexes of cucumber seeds are detected by the coffee pericarp natural stack retting organic fertilizer in the comparative examples 1 and 4, the germination rate of the seeds is 50 percent, and the organic fertilizer standard that the germination rate of the seeds is more than 70 percent is not reached.
Application example 3
The potting test was conducted in 2019, 3-9 months in the greenhouse of the institute for spice and beverage, college of tropical agricultural, china. Set 7 treatment groups:
(1) The organic fertilizer for coffee peels obtained in the embodiment 1 is recorded as a group T1;
(2) The organic fertilizer for coffee peels obtained in the embodiment 2 is recorded as a group T2;
(3) The organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp obtained in the embodiment 3 is recorded as group T3;
(4) The organic fertilizer obtained by randomly composting the coffee peels in the comparative example 4 is marked as group D1;
(5) Marking the organic fertilizer as D2 group;
(6) The organic fertilizer for the coffee pericarp obtained in the comparative example 1 is marked as a group D3;
(7) And (5) marking the trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer as a D4 group.
Each treatment group was repeated for 10 pots, each containing 3kg of soil. The application amount of the organic fertilizers of the treatment groups (1) to (7) is 5 percent of the mass of the soil, namely 150 g/pot. Selecting coffee seedlings with 2 true leaves and consistent growth vigor, planting 1 coffee seedling with consistent growth vigor in each pot, and placing in a greenhouse. Watering properly every day according to the air temperature and soil humidity. No other fertilizers were applied throughout the test period.
Measuring the biomass and physiological indexes of different treated coffee plants after 6 months of planting. The pot for the coffee seedlings planted for 6 months is slightly turned upside down, and the root system is cleaned by tap water. The plants were taken back to the laboratory and wiped dry with absorbent paper. Cutting root system (underground part), placing overground part (stem and leaf) and underground part (root system) in kraft paper bag, placing in oven, deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30min, drying at 75 deg.C to constant weight, and measuring dry weight. And measuring the chlorophyll content of the plant leaves by adopting a chlorophyll meter, and measuring the nitrogen balance index of the plant leaves by adopting a nitrogen balance meter. The results of the correlation tests are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of different fertilization treatments on the biomass and physiological indices of coffee seedlings
Note: the data in the table are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, a, b, c refer to significance of difference at the 5% level.
As can be seen from table 4, the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared in examples 1 to 3 can significantly promote the growth of coffee plants. Compared with the conventional organic fertilizer for the banana plants, the dry weight of the overground parts and the dry weight of the root systems of the coffee seedlings are increased by 87-140%, and the chlorophyll content and the nitrogen balance index of leaves are increased by 31-54%; compared with the conventional random stack retting of the obtained coffee pericarp, the dry weight of the overground part and the root system of the coffee seedling is increased by more than 150%, and the chlorophyll content and the nitrogen balance index of leaves are increased by more than 58%; compared with the pericarp obtained by applying the strip-stack compost, the overground part and the root system dry weight of the coffee seedling are increased by more than 147 percent, and the leaf chlorophyll content and the nitrogen balance index are respectively increased by more than 71 percent and 36 percent; compared with the application of the trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer, the dry weight of the overground part of the coffee seedling is increased by more than 93%, and the nitrogen balance index of leaves is increased by more than 19%.
(2) The soil enzyme activity can indirectly reflect the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. The soil phosphatase and the urease have important regulation effects on the effectiveness of phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil, and can improve the absorption and utilization of phosphorus and nitrogen by crops; catalase can decompose hydrogen peroxide generated in soil to prevent toxic action on soil, and the activity of catalase can reflect the intensity and speed of soil humification and organic materialization.
After planting for 6 months, the harvested 3 pots of plant rhizosphere soil is filled into a clean plastic self-sealing bag, a label is made, the obtained product is taken back to a soil sample chamber to be naturally sealed, impurities such as fine roots, stones, branches and leaves are removed, and the obtained product is ground through a 0.25mm sieve for later use.
Soil urease, soil catalase, soil acid phosphatase and soil alkaline phosphatase are respectively measured by a soil urease (S-UE) test box, a soil catalase (S-CAT) test box, a soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP) test box and a soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) test box which are provided by Suzhou Keming biotechnology limited. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of different fertilisation treatments on the enzymatic Activity of the rhizosphere soil of coffee seedlings
Note: the data in the table are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, a, b, c refer to significance of difference at the 5% level.
As can be seen from table 5, compared with the random retting organic fertilizer, cow dung commercial organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp, the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp prepared in examples 1 to 3 can significantly improve the activities of soil acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and urease. The application of the fully fermented coffee pericarp fertilizer provides rich nutrient sources for plant growth and enzyme-producing microorganisms, and improves the soil microorganism environment.
In conclusion, the method for composting the coffee pericarp can realize efficient composting of the coffee pericarp, and the prepared coffee pericarp organic fertilizer has the characteristics of stable fertilizer efficiency, promotion of crop growth, adjustment of soil microenvironment and improvement of soil acidity and alkalinity, can be widely used as a crop fertilizer, can improve the content of soil organic matters and mineral nutrients, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, can fertilize the soil, and is particularly suitable for improving acid soil.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coffee peel composting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the coffee peels with organic auxiliary materials to obtain a compost base material;
composting the compost base material in a high-temperature aerobic composting way; during the composting, a plurality of piles are stacked into a high-low fluctuating pile.
2. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the mounds comprise wave-type mounds or trapezoidal-type mounds or pyramidal-type mounds.
3. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the heap height is 0.5-1.5 m, the heap width is 1-2 m and the slope base height is 0.3-0.5 m.
4. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, prior to mixing, the addition of humic acid to the coffee cherry peel; the addition amount of the humic acid is 0.1-1% of the mass of the coffee pericarp.
5. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the compost base material comprises 60-90% coffee cherry peels and 10-40% organic auxiliary materials, calculated in mass percentage.
6. A composting method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising after the mixing, adjusting the moisture content of the mix; the water content of the compost base material is 55-65 wt.%.
7. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that in the composting process, the pile is turned over every 2-4 days; and after the temperature of the stack body is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the stack turning is stopped.
8. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 or 7, characterised in that in the composting treatment, after the temperature of the compost is reduced to normal temperature, the compost is kept at normal temperature for 15-30 days, and the composting is completed; the composting period is 40-60 days.
9. The coffee pericarp organic fertilizer composted by the composting method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the content of organic matters in the coffee pericarp organic fertilizer is 78-90 wt%, the content of macroelements is 10-15 wt%, and the pH value is 7.5-9.0.
10. The use of the organic fertilizer for coffee pericarp of claim 9 for promoting crop growth.
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| CN110803965A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-18 | 烟台大学 | Organic fertilizer with coffee grounds as main raw materials, aerobic composting process and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20221111 |