CN115318829A - Production process of round steel for low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring - Google Patents
Production process of round steel for low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN115318829A CN115318829A CN202211077678.0A CN202211077678A CN115318829A CN 115318829 A CN115318829 A CN 115318829A CN 202211077678 A CN202211077678 A CN 202211077678A CN 115318829 A CN115318829 A CN 115318829A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/46—Roll speed or drive motor control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
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- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of round steel for a low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring, which comprises the following steps: (1) heating a continuous casting billet: a hot charging process is adopted, and the hot charging temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 550 ℃; (2) rough rolling: reciprocating rolling is carried out, and the rolling speed is reduced; (3) medium rolling: the rolled piece realizes the deformation and grain refinement of an austenite recrystallization zone in a continuous rolling unit; (4) finish rolling: before finish rolling, controlling cooling, controlling the finish rolling speed within 1.2m/s, and cooling water to be below Ar1 after rolling; (5) slow cooling: the round steel is cooled in a heat-insulating cover on the cooling bed. The invention optimizes and adjusts the heating and rolling process, reduces the net and strip levels of carbide and effectively improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the large bearing ring in the processing and using processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process of round steel, in particular to a production process of round steel for a low-speed heavy-load large-scale bearing ring.
Background
Main shaft bearings matched with large-scale equipment such as railway transportation, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, chemical machinery and general machinery are large-scale or super-large-scale bearings mostly, the wall thickness is large (generally more than 35 mm), the main shaft bearings can not be detached and replaced if problems occur in the working process once the main shaft bearings are started after being assembled and debugged and enter a service state, and the fatigue life and the stability of the main shaft bearings are directly related to field safety. The large bearing ring basically has low-speed heavy load in the service environment, can bear certain radial force while bearing larger axial force and overturning moment in the working process, and has complex bearing condition, so that high requirements on the hardness, the fatigue strength, the good hardenability, the impact toughness and the dimensional stability of the large bearing ring are provided.
In the manufacturing of the bearing ring, the use ratio of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel accounts for more than 80 percent of the total amount, but the raw material with ideal purity and structure uniformity can be obtained only by stable and advanced smelting, heating, rolling and other processes, and the bearing ring with high contact fatigue limit, high wear resistance and good dimensional stability is manufactured through the subsequent forging, heat treatment and machining processes.
The basic process of the processing mode of the large bearing ring comprises the steps of round steel segmentation → heating → forging → ring rolling → spheroidizing annealing → inner and outer surfaces of a ring blank are roughly processed → quenching + tempering heat treatment → finish processing. The key requirements are that the blanking end face of the large-specification bearing round steel is smooth, the internal residual stress is small, the large-specification bearing round steel can adapt to medium-frequency induction heating conditions (the heating rate is high), spheroidizing annealing tissues are uniformly dispersed, the hardness of the rolling surface of a finished part is high, the core part has certain toughness, the crystal grains in the core part region are refined, the band-shaped and net-shaped grades of carbide are reduced, the high fatigue limit and the elastic limit are realized, and the excessive plastic deformation of the bearing in a heavy-load service environment is prevented. The technical problems are difficult to solve in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a production process of round steel for a low-speed heavy-load large-scale bearing ring, which has high dimensional precision and high core grain size.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a production process of round steel for a low-speed heavy-load large-scale bearing ring, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating a continuous casting blank: a hot charging process is adopted, and the hot charging temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 550 ℃; the temperature of each heating section is controlled and reasonably distributed by improving the charging temperature of the steel billet, so that the defect of overheating and overburning at the center is avoided;
(2) Rough rolling: reciprocating rolling is carried out, and the rolling speed is reduced;
(3) Intermediate rolling: the deformation and grain refinement of an austenite recrystallization region of a rolled piece are realized in a continuous rolling unit;
(4) Finish rolling: controlling cooling before finish rolling by utilizing the advantages of flow layout, controlling the finish rolling speed to be within 1.2m/s, and cooling water to be below Ar1 after rolling;
(5) Slow cooling: the round steel is cooled in a heat-insulating cover on the cooling bed.
Further, when the hot charging process is charged in the step (1), a burner of the preheating section is started, the temperature of the preheating section is controlled according to 850-1160 ℃, and conditions are created for subsequent rapid temperature rise when the temperature of the billet exceeds 800 ℃ in a non-heat supply section. The first heating section is controlled according to 1170-1230 ℃, the heating capacity of the first heating section is fully utilized, the core of the continuous casting billet reaches 1200 ℃, the full-section diathermanous effect of the billet is achieved, the upper limit temperature of the second heating section and the soaking section is properly reduced, the temperature is controlled according to 1200-1220 ℃, the high-temperature diffusion time of the billet is ensured to be not less than 420 minutes, and meanwhile, the overheating risk of the core area is reduced.
Further, the reduction of each pass of four passes before rough rolling in the step (2) is more than or equal to 70mm, the shape parameter of a single-pass rolled piece is ensured to be more than or equal to 0.80, the stress strain state of a core region is improved by increasing the reduction of the first passes, and the core temperature rise in the plastic processing process is reduced. The rotating speed of the roller is reduced by 1/3 compared with other product processes, the original speed of 60-90r/min is reduced to 40-60r/min, the deformation degree of the billet core is increased, and the density of the core and the uniformity of the structure on the section are further improved. And the double-drum tendency of the intermediate billet produced by the pressing system is greatly reduced, the biting condition in the subsequent continuous rolling stage can be improved, the non-contact area is reduced, and the risk of surface wrinkles and cracks is reduced.
Further, before entering the intermediate mill set in the step (3), a roller table guarantee cover is used for controlling the temperature drop of the corner of the rolled piece and reducing the risk caused by corner defects; the continuous rolling mill set which is arranged horizontally and vertically alternately realizes the torque-free rolling, and the rolling force of the previous pass slightly decreases but the trend is gentle when the next pass is bitten, the whole stage is in micro-tension rolling, and the production process is stable and is beneficial to surface size control and surface quality improvement; the temperature of the outlet of the medium rolling mill is controlled at 930-960 ℃.
And further, in the step (4), the rolled piece starts to move after the temperature of the grouping rack is not higher than 860 ℃, the rolled piece is cooled to be not higher than 810 ℃ through a water tank and enters a KOCKS finishing mill group, the final rolling speed is controlled within 1.2m/s, and the water tank is opened after the KOCKS to cool the rolled piece. The step is characterized in that air cooling and water tank cooling equipment is arranged in front of a finishing mill group, and a water tank and a long conveying roller way (the total length is about 200 m) are arranged behind the finishing mill group, so that the condition that the large-specification rolling process can be cooled to a controlled temperature range through uniform segmentation can be ensured, the generation of large stress inside the large-specification rolling process is avoided, and the formation risk of surface chilling tissues is reduced. And austenite of the rolled piece is ensured to be realized in the KOCKS unit.
And further, in the step (5), the round steel is cooled on a cooling bed through a long conveying roller way, the temperature of the round steel returning red is less than or equal to 630 ℃ in the cooling process, the phase change is completed at the moment, the round steel enters a heat-preserving cover and is subjected to temperature equalization treatment, the temperature of the cover outlet is less than or equal to 400 ℃, and the residual stress in the rolled piece is further reduced. Preferably, the round steel has a diameter of 80-120mm.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) According to the invention, the hot charging temperature of the bearing steel continuous casting billet is adjusted, the heating capacity of one section is fully utilized to realize that the core part reaches the temperature quickly, the two sections of heat preservation temperature are reasonably reduced, the measures of rough rolling, low-speed and high-pressure reduction, intermediate rolling, temperature control and continuous rolling, air cooling and water cooling in the process, KOCKS finish rolling, temperature equalization in a heat preservation cover and the like are combined, the produced round steel with the phi of 80-120mm is controlled within 2.5 permillage of the length of the round steel, the diameter allowable deviation is not more than 1/2 GB/T702-2017 table 1, the actual grain size of the core region is not less than 4 grade, and the carbide and the mesh of the longitudinal sample core part are not more than 3.0 grade; (2) After the round steel is segmented by plasma, the end face is flat, and no core cracking phenomenon is found in the medium-frequency induction rapid heating process; the improvement of the nonuniformity of the carbide is beneficial to the stability of spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment, the tissue uniformity of the finished product is improved, the fatigue limit and the toughness of the finished product ring are further ensured, and the risk of nonuniform deformation is reduced. The invention optimizes and adjusts the heating and rolling process, reduces the net and strip levels of carbide and effectively improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the large bearing ring in the processing and using processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of hot-rolled structure (grain size) of the core of a round steel with a diameter of 80 mm;
FIG. 2 is a zonal diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the center of a round steel with the diameter of 80 mm;
FIG. 3 is a net diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the core of a round steel with a diameter of 80 mm;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of hot-rolled structure (grain size) of the core of a round steel with a specification of phi 100 mm;
FIG. 5 is a zonal diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the core of a round steel with a specification of phi 100 mm;
FIG. 6 is a net diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the core of a round steel with a specification of phi 100 mm;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of hot-rolled structure (grain size) of the core of a round steel with a diameter of 120 mm;
FIG. 8 is a zonal diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the core of a round steel with a diameter of 120 mm;
FIG. 9 is a net diagram of carbide after heat treatment of the core of round steel with a diameter of 120mm.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Example 1
Selecting a high-carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting billet with the chemical components and the mass percentage content as follows, wherein the high-carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting billet comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.97%, si:0.24%, mn:0.31%, cr:1.46%, mo:0.002%, P:0.006%, S:0.001%, al:0.011 percent and the balance of iron, and rolling the phi 80mm round steel.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Transporting the steel billet to a steel rolling mill by using a heat preservation truck, and detecting the surface temperature of the steel billet at the side of entering a furnace to be 580-600 ℃; when the steel billet is fed into the furnace, 6 burners of the preheating section are all started, the temperature of the preheating section is controlled according to the range of 850-1160 ℃, the temperature of the center of the steel billet at the outlet of the non-heat-supply section is 810 ℃ according to model calculation, the furnace temperature of the heating section is controlled according to 1170-1230 ℃, the furnace temperatures of the heating section and the soaking section are controlled according to 1200-1220 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature section is 420min;
(2) The rolling reduction of 4 passes before rough rolling is respectively 80mm, 75mm, 72mm and 70mm, the rotating speed of the roller is respectively reduced to 30r/min, 50r/min and 50r/min, and the shape parameter of a single pass is more than or equal to 0.80;
(3) The temperature of the middle rolling outlet is 940-955 ℃;
(4) The marshalling rack starts to move when the temperature reaches 860 ℃, the temperature of the KOCKS is 810 ℃ after water passes through the marshalling rack, the outlet speed of the KOCKS is 1.2m/s, and the temperature of the KOCKS is slowly returned through a long conveying roller way after water passes through the marshalling rack;
(5) The temperature of the upper cooling bed is less than or equal to 630 ℃, and the temperature of the upper cooling bed out of the heat preservation cover is less than or equal to 400 ℃.
The large-size high-carbon chromium bearing round steel with the diameter of 80mm prepared by the manufacturing process has the actual grain size of 5 grades through metallographic examination by sampling, the band shape and the net shape of the carbide do not exceed 2.5 grades, the ultrasonic flaw detection meets the GB/T37566 grade, and the inside of the round steel is free of defects through high-frequency water immersion flaw detection.
Fig. 1 to 3 are metallographic structure diagrams (central region) of the high carbon chromium bearing round steel with a diameter of 80mm in example 1 along the rolling direction, the actual grain size is 5 grade, the carbide band is 2.0 grade, and the carbide network is 2.0 grade.
Example 2
Selecting a high-carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting billet with the chemical components and the mass percentage content of 320 (thickness) multiplied by 480 (width) multiplied by 5400mm (length): c:0.98%, si:0.23%, mn:0.32%, cr:1.45%, mo:0.001%, P:0.009%, S:0.001%, al:0.012 percent and the balance of iron, and rolling round steel with the diameter of 100 mm.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Transporting the steel billet to a steel rolling mill by using a heat preservation vehicle, and detecting the surface temperature of the steel billet at the side of the steel billet entering the furnace to be 570-590 ℃; when a steel billet is fed into the furnace, 6 burners of the preheating section are all started, the temperature of the preheating section is controlled according to the range of 870-1160 ℃, the temperature of the center of the steel billet at the outlet of the heat-supply-free section is 816 ℃ according to model calculation, the furnace temperature of the heating section is controlled according to 1170-1230 ℃, the furnace temperatures of the heating section and the soaking section are controlled according to the range of 1200-1220 ℃, and the time of the high temperature section is 430min;
(2) The rolling reduction of 4 passes before rough rolling is respectively 79mm, 72mm, 75mm and 70mm, the rotating speed of the roller is respectively reduced to 30r/min, 50r/min and 50r/min, and the shape parameter of a single pass is more than or equal to 0.80;
(3) The temperature of a medium rolling outlet is actually 930-950 ℃;
(4) The marshalling rack starts to move when the temperature reaches 850 ℃, the temperature of the KOCKS is 800 ℃ after water passes through the marshalling rack, the outlet speed of the KOCKS is 1.0m/s, and the temperature of the KOCKS is slowly returned through a long conveying roller way after water passes through the marshalling rack;
(5) The temperature of the upper cooling bed is less than or equal to 620 ℃, and the temperature of the upper cooling bed and the temperature of the lower cooling bed are less than or equal to 380 ℃ when the temperature of the upper cooling bed and the temperature of the heat preservation cover are discharged.
The large-size high-carbon chromium bearing round steel with the diameter of 100mm prepared by the manufacturing process has the actual grain size of 4 grades through metallographic examination, the band shape and the net shape of carbide do not exceed 2.5 grades, the ultrasonic flaw detection meets GB/T37566 grade, and the inside of the round steel is free of defects through high-frequency water immersion flaw detection.
FIGS. 4 to 6 are metallographic structure diagrams (central region) of the high carbon chromium bearing round steel with a diameter of 100mm in example 2 along the rolling direction, the actual grain size is 4 grade, the carbide band is 2.5 grade, and the carbide network is 2.5 grade
Example 3
Selecting a high-carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting billet with the chemical components and the mass percentage content as follows, wherein the high-carbon chromium bearing steel continuous casting billet comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.97%, si:0.23%, mn:0.35%, cr:1.50%, mo:0.003%, P:0.005%, S:0.001%, al:0.015 percent and the balance of iron, and rolling round steel with the diameter of 120mm.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Transporting the steel billet to a steel rolling mill by using a heat preservation vehicle, and detecting the surface temperature of the steel billet at the furnace entering side to be 590-610 ℃; when the steel billet is fed into the furnace, 6 burners of the preheating section are all started, the temperature of the preheating section is controlled according to the range of 880-1160 ℃, the temperature of the center of the steel billet at the outlet of the non-heat-supply section is calculated according to a model and is controlled at 825 ℃, the furnace temperature of the heating section is controlled according to 1170-1230 ℃, the furnace temperatures of the heating section and the soaking section are controlled according to 1200-1220 ℃, and the time of the high-temperature section is 450min;
(2) The rolling reduction of 4 passes before rough rolling is respectively 80mm, 76mm, 73mm and 71mm, the rotating speed of the roller is respectively reduced to 30r/min, 50r/min and 50r/min, and the shape parameter of a single pass is more than or equal to 0.80;
(3) The temperature of the outlet of the medium rolling is actually 930-940 ℃;
(4) The marshalling rack starts to move when the temperature reaches 840 ℃, the temperature of KOCKS is 790 ℃ after water passes through the marshalling rack, the outlet speed of the KOCKS is 0.8m/s, and the temperature of the koCKS is slowly returned through a long conveying roller way after water passes through the marshalling rack;
(5) The temperature of the upper cooling bed is less than or equal to 610 ℃, and the temperature of the upper cooling bed and the temperature of the lower cooling bed are less than or equal to 360 ℃ when the temperature of the upper cooling bed and the temperature of the heat preservation cover are discharged.
The large-size high-carbon chromium bearing round steel with the diameter of 100mm prepared by the manufacturing process has the actual grain size of 4 grades through metallographic examination, the band shape and the net shape of carbide do not exceed 2.5 grades, the ultrasonic flaw detection meets GB/T37566 grade, and the inside of the round steel is free of defects through high-frequency water immersion flaw detection.
FIGS. 7 to 9 are metallographic structure diagrams (central region) of the high carbon chromium bearing round steel with a diameter of 120mm in example 3 along the rolling direction, the actual grain size is 4 grade, the carbide band is 2.5 grade, and the carbide network is 2.5 grade.
The dimension and the appearance of the round steel are measured by an offline real object, the allowable deviation of the diameter of the round steel does not exceed half of group 1 in GB/T702 table 1 (the standard requirement is that the dimensional tolerance of the diameter of 80mm is +/-0.6 mm, the dimensional tolerance of the diameter of 100mm and the dimensional tolerance of the diameter of 120mm are +/-1.2 mm), and the bending degree is controlled to be 2.5 per thousand.
TABLE 1
| Actual diameter range | Degree of curvature | |
| Example 1 | 80.10-80.32 | 2.5‰ |
| Example 2 | 100.16-100.58 | 2.5‰ |
| Example 3 | 120.36-120.62 | 2.5‰ |
Claims (8)
1. A production process of round steel for a low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Heating a continuous casting blank: a hot charging process is adopted, and the hot charging temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 550 ℃;
(2) Rough rolling: reciprocating rolling is carried out, and the rolling speed is reduced;
(3) Intermediate rolling: the deformation and grain refinement of an austenite recrystallization region of a rolled piece are realized in a continuous rolling unit;
(4) Finish rolling: before finish rolling, controlling cooling, controlling the finish rolling speed within 1.2m/s, and cooling water to be below Ar1 after rolling;
(5) Slow cooling: the round steel is cooled in a heat-insulating cover on the cooling bed.
2. The process for producing the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large-scale bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein when the hot charging process is carried out in the step (1), a burner of a preheating section is started, the temperature of the preheating section is controlled according to 850-1160 ℃, the temperature of a heating section is controlled according to 1170-1230 ℃, and the temperature of a heating section and a soaking section are controlled according to 1200-1220 ℃, so that the high-temperature diffusion time of the steel billet is ensured to be more than or equal to 420 minutes.
3. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the reduction of each of the four passes before rough rolling in the step (2) is more than or equal to 70mm, the shape parameter of a single-pass rolled piece is more than or equal to 0.80, and the rotating speed of a roller is 40-60 r/min.
4. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein before entering the intermediate rolling mill set in the step (3), a roller table guarantee cover is used for controlling the temperature drop of the corner of a rolled piece and reducing the risk of corner defects; the continuous rolling mill set which is arranged horizontally and vertically alternately realizes the twistless rolling; the temperature of the middle rolling outlet is controlled at 930-960 ℃.
5. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the controlled cooling mode before finish rolling in step (4) is air cooling and water tank equipment cooling.
6. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the temperature after water cooling in the step (4) is less than or equal to 810 ℃.
7. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large-scale bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein in the cooling process in the step (5), the round steel returns to red temperature of not more than 630 ℃, enters the heat-insulating cover for uniform temperature treatment, and the temperature of the outlet cover is not more than 400 ℃.
8. The production process of the round steel for the low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the round steel is 80-120mm.
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| CN202211077678.0A CN115318829A (en) | 2022-09-05 | 2022-09-05 | Production process of round steel for low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring |
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| CN202211077678.0A CN115318829A (en) | 2022-09-05 | 2022-09-05 | Production process of round steel for low-speed heavy-load large bearing ring |
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