CN115316516A

CN115316516A - Corn germ meal based complete mixed feed suitable for Hu sheep breeding and preparation thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115316516A
Application number: CN202210549932.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 靳二辉; 周建军; 胡忠泽; 顾有方; 李文超; 刘新超
Original assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Anhui University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-05-20
Filing date: 2022-05-20
Publication date: 2022-11-11

Abstract

The invention provides a corn germ meal-based full mixed feed suitable for feeding Hu sheep and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 16 to 18 percent of peanut vine, 12 to 15 percent of soybean straw, 31 to 35 percent of corn, 3 to 5 percent of puffed soybean, 10 to 12 percent of soybean meal, 16 to 21 percent of corn germ meal, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of mountain flour, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of sodium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 0.01 to 1 percent of multi-vitamin and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of multi-mineral. The full mixed feed is suitable for breeding three-month-old Hu sheep, can obviously improve the immune function and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep after 90 days of breeding, and provides a theoretical basis for reasonable utilization of TMR (Total Mixed ration) of different full mixed feeds in animal production.

Description

Corn germ meal based complete mixed feed suitable for Hu sheep breeding and preparation thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mutton sheep breeding, and particularly relates to a corn germ meal-based full mixed feed suitable for breeding Hu sheep, and particularly relates to a corn germ meal-based full mixed feed capable of improving immune function and oxidation resistance of Hu sheep and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, with the development of economy, the meat consumption mode of people is changed silently, and mutton is more and more popular with consumers due to the characteristics of rich nutrition, high protein content and low cholesterol content. The Hu sheep is a mutton sheep variety which grows and develops quickly, has ideal meat production performance after improvement and has excellent properties such as high temperature and high humidity resistance, the weaning weight of the Hu sheep lambs in the three-month age can reach more than 25 kg, the female lambs can reach more than 22 kg, the adult rams can reach more than 65 kg, and the female sheep can reach more than 40 kg; the meat-free rate after slaughtering is about 38%, so that the method is favored by a plurality of farmers, and the breeding scale of Hu sheep in China is gradually enlarged.

The feed is the basis for the development of the mutton sheep breeding industry. The growth and development conditions of the mutton sheep are directly influenced by the nutrition level of the feed, and the economic benefit of farmers is also directly concerned. For a long time, the breeding of the Hu sheep is always affected by low feed utilization rate, and because the varieties of the meat sheep are various, the gastrointestinal tract digestion and absorption functions of the meat sheep of different varieties also have certain difference, at present, few special feeds specially developed for the Hu sheep exist in the market, the problems of poor receptor adaptation, low feed utilization rate and the like often exist when the large-class general meat sheep feed is used for daily breeding of the Hu sheep, the growth and development requirements of the Hu sheep cannot be met, the material-weight ratio is increased, the breeding cost of the meat sheep is increased, the immune function and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep cannot reach better levels, and the disease infection rate in the breeding process is easily increased. How to improve the feeding efficiency and improve the immune oxidation resistance of Hu sheep is a practical problem to be solved at present.

The Total Mixed Ration (TMR) is a feeding technology which can fully mix coarse fodder, refined fodder, mineral substances, vitamins and other additives and can provide enough nutrition to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants, and by utilizing the TMR technology, some agricultural and sideline products which are difficult to be effectively utilized before can be well mixed into the ration to improve the utilization rate of resources and reduce the feed cost. Due to the fact that the cost of conventional feed resources such as grains and pasture is high, if the conventional feed source content in the feed is high, the feed cost is increased, and the development requirement of modern animal husbandry is difficult to meet. Therefore, it is very important to develop feed resources by means of TMR technology and find a feed and grain substitute capable of being produced in large scale.

Chinese patent CN 105029046B discloses a Hu sheep fattening feed, which mainly utilizes cassava vinasse as a material source to replace part of corn to prepare the Hu sheep fattening feed, so that the economic cost of the feed is remarkably reduced, the material source is widened, hydrocyanic acid in the cassava vinasse is eliminated through fermentation treatment during preparation of the feed, poisoning is prevented, and the contents of cellulose and lignin in the cassava vinasse are changed by utilizing the fermentation process, so that the nutritional value utilization rate, the digestibility and the palatability of the cassava vinasse are improved. However, the process has several disadvantages, one is that whether the fermentation process is completely guaranteed or not is not guaranteed, the hydrocyanic acid content in the cassava vinasse is relatively high, and animal poisoning is easily caused due to hydrocyanic acid residue caused by incomplete fermentation; secondly, the fermentation process is complicated, and the preparation cost of the feed is increased; thirdly, the feed is mainly used for improving the palatability and the digestion capability of the feed, and has no obvious influence on the immunity and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep.

Further research shows that corn germ meal is rarely used as a food substitute when the feed for mutton sheep is prepared. The corn germ meal is a material with protein quality obviously higher than that of grain feed, and has extremely low price and obvious economy; however, the content of various limiting amino acids contained in the feed is lower than that of corn protein powder, cotton and rapeseed meal, so the corn protein powder, the cotton and the rapeseed meal are commonly used as main protein sources in the feed for mutton sheep, the corn germ meal is rarely used as an external additive, and the addition amount of the corn germ meal is lower even if the corn germ meal is used. However, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the corn germ meal is more economical than other materials, and although the corn germ meal contains more fibers, the feeding amount of the corn germ meal for monogastric omnivorous animals such as pigs and poultry is limited, herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep can become a good energy supplement feed, for example, if the corn germ meal is successfully added into a mutton sheep feeding full-mixed feed with a higher additive amount by further fine control on feed components in combination with the characteristics of the mutton sheep breeding breed, the feed cost is remarkably reduced, the development requirement of modern animal husbandry is met, and the immunity performance and the oxidation resistance of the feeding mutton sheep are expected to be further improved by utilizing the characteristic of high protein quality of the feed.

In addition, researchers find in feeding research experiments that the mutton sheep are various in variety, and the gastrointestinal absorption function and the development degree of different mutton sheep are different, so that the utilization rate of the same feed is obviously different. The Hu sheep has the characteristics of fast growth and development and high meat removal rate after slaughter, so the Hu sheep becomes an important mutton sheep breeding variety in Taihu plain areas, and the Hu sheep has obvious economic benefit if being developed into a full mixed feed which is more suitable for growth and development of the Hu sheep according to the characteristics of the Hu sheep.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a corn germ meal-based full mixed feed suitable for breeding Hu sheep and a preparation method thereof, which can obviously improve the immune function and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep, assist the healthy growth and development of the Hu sheep, reduce the fatality rate, improve the utilization rate of idle agricultural and sideline products, and meet the development requirements of modern animal husbandry.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the corn germ meal based complete mixed feed suitable for feeding the Hu sheep comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 18 percent of peanut vine, 12 to 15 percent of soybean straw, 31 to 35 percent of corn, 3 to 5 percent of puffed soybean, 10 to 12 percent of soybean meal, 16 to 21 percent of corn germ meal, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of mountain flour, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of sodium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 0.01 to 1 percent of multi-vitamin and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of multi-mineral.

Preferably, the content of the maize germ meal in the fully mixed feed is 17-19% by weight percentage.

Preferably, the raw materials of the complete mixed feed based on the corn germ meal and suitable for the breeding of the Hu sheep comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut vine, 14% of soybean straw, 34.48% of corn, 3.70% of puffed soybean, 10.05% of soybean meal, 17.70% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.40% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.50% of salt, 0.04% of multi-vitamin and 0.25% of multi-mineral.

Preferably, the urease activity of the expanded soybean is between 0.03 and 0.4. Within this range, the degree of soybean maturation is sufficient but not excessive, and does not cause destruction of amino acids such as lysine, arginine and cystine, and does not cause a decrease in the digestibility of methionine, isoleucine and lysine, and thus does not decrease the food intake of animals, and in this case, trypsin inhibitor, lipoxygenase, urease, and the like are effectively destroyed without affecting the utilization rate thereof.

Preferably, the feeding period of the complete mixed feed based on the corn germ meal and suitable for the breeding of the Hu sheep is three months old Hu sheep.

The preparation method of the complete mixed feed based on the corn germ meal and suitable for the breeding of the Hu sheep comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage;

2) Kneading and crushing peanut seedlings, soybean straws and corns;

3) Mixing the crushed material obtained in the previous step with other raw materials, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture, adding a small amount of other raw materials into the crushed material for mixing during stirring, adding all the rest raw materials into the mixture for mixing after mixing for a period of time, and adding the other raw materials according to the principle of firstly adding light materials and then adding heavy materials in the feeding process;

4) And (3) putting the mixture into a feed granulator for granulation to obtain the full-mixed feed required to be prepared.

Further, in the step 2), the crushing granularity of the peanut vine, the soybean straw and the corn is 0.2-0.5mm.

Further, in step 3), the granulation process is performed at a temperature of 65 + -5 deg.C and a steam pressure of 0.5 + -0.2 MPa.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the full mixed feed prepared by the method aiming at the breeding of the Hu sheep is suitable for breeding the Hu sheep of three months old, the addition amount of the corn germ meal in the raw materials is limited to be preferably 17-19%, the immune function and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep can be obviously improved after 90 days of breeding, and a theoretical basis is provided for reasonable utilization of TMR (Total Mixed ration) of different full mixed feeds in animal production;

2. according to the application, the corn germ meal with a high proportion is added into the fully mixed feed researched aiming at the characteristics of the Hu sheep, the corn germ meal is wide in source and extremely low in price, the economic cost of the Hu sheep feed can be effectively reduced, a technical support is provided for improving the utilization rate of the existing feed resources in China, and the fully mixed feed accords with the development direction of modern animal husbandry;

3. the corn germ meal in the fully mixed feed for the breeding of the Hu sheep is high in doping proportion, and can provide high-quality protein, but the limited amino acid content in the fully mixed feed is lower than that of relatively expensive materials, such as rapeseed meal and palm meal, in order to solve the problem, a certain amount of puffed soybean is added into the feed components, the puffed soybean is high in energy content and contains abundant essential amino acid, and due to the fact that the heat density of the feed is increased, the disintegration speed of the protein in the rumen can be relieved, the absorbable amount of the amino acid in the small intestine is increased, the growth of animals is effectively improved, and the feed is also an important reason for greatly increasing the using amount of the low-price corn germ meal;

4. in the feed formula disclosed by the application, the corn germ meal with higher content contains more cellulose, but does not cause negative influence on the absorption of the Hu sheep, and presumably results caused by difference between the gastrointestinal absorption function of the three-month-old Hu sheep and the absorption function of other varieties of sheep, so that the obvious difference in feeding effect when the total mixed ration prepared by the application is used for feeding the Hu sheep and the small tailed Han sheep can be seen; and compared with the Hu sheep of shorter month age, the Hu sheep of three months age has more perfect development of gastrointestinal absorption function, so the Hu sheep feed is more suitable for feeding by utilizing the full mixed feed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on the performance of Hu sheep;

FIG. 2 shows the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on physiological indices of Hu sheep blood;

FIG. 3 is the effect of different rice germ meal addition on the biochemical indicators of Hu sheep serum;

FIG. 4 shows the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on the content of Hu sheep serum cytokines;

FIG. 5 is the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on the antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum;

FIG. 6 is the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the performance of Hu sheep and small tailed han sheep;

FIG. 7 shows the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the physiological indices of blood of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep;

FIG. 8 is the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the biochemical indicators of the sera of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep;

FIG. 9 is the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the serum cytokine levels of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the antioxidant function of the serum of Hu sheep and small tailed han sheep;

FIG. 11 is the effect of the whole mixed feed of group A, group B and group F on the physiological indices of Hu sheep blood;

FIG. 12 is the effect of the complete mixed feed of group A, group B and group F on the biochemical indicators of Hu sheep serum;

FIG. 13 is the effect of the complete mixed feed of group A, group B, and group F on Hu sheep serum cytokine levels;

FIG. 14 is the effect of the complete mixed feed of group A, group B, and group F on Hu sheep immunoorganohistological parameters;

FIG. 15 is a thymus histoarchitecture map of Hu sheep, wherein A, B, F is the thymus histoarchitecture map of group A, group B, and group F, respectively (HE staining, 200 μm);

FIG. 16 is a Hu sheep spleen tissue structure, wherein A, B, F is the spleen tissue structure map of group A, group B, and group F, respectively (HE staining, 100 μm);

FIG. 17 is the mesenteric lymph node histology of Hu sheep, wherein A, B, F is the mesenteric lymph node histology (HE staining, 100 μm) of groups A, B and F, respectively;

FIG. 18 is a graph showing the effect of the complete mixed feeds of group A, group B and group F on the antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one, a complete mixed feed suitable for Hu sheep

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut vine, 14% of soybean straw, 34.48% of corn, 3.7% of puffed soybean, 10.05% of soybean meal, 17.7% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multi-vitamin and 0.25% of animal multi-mineral.

The preparation process comprises the following steps:

1. firstly, weighing the raw materials in percentage by weight;

2. kneading and crushing the peanut vine, the soybean straw and the corn coarse feed, wherein the crushing granularity is 0.2-0.5mm;

3. uniformly stirring other raw materials and the crushed materials obtained in the previous step by using a 300-type special feed stirrer, adding a small amount of other raw materials into the crushed materials for mixing during stirring, adding all the other raw materials into the crushed materials for mixing after mixing for a period of time, adding the raw materials according to the principle of firstly weighing and then weighing, and stirring for a period of time to obtain a mixture;

4. and putting the mixture into a feed granulator, and granulating under the conditions that the temperature is 65 ℃ and the steam pressure is 0.5MPa to obtain the completely mixed feed suitable for the Hu sheep.

Example two, a complete mixed feed suitable for Hu sheep

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut seedlings, 14% of soybean straws, 8978% of corn, 8978% of zxft 8978%, 2.7% of puffed soybeans, 10.05% of soybean meal, 18.7% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multivitamins and 0.25% of animal polymineral.

The preparation process is the same as in example one.

Comparative example I, a common full mixed feed for mutton sheep raising

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut seedlings, 14% of soybean straws, 8978% of corn zxft 8978%, 5.3% of bran, 10.3% of soybean meal, 5% of rapeseed meal, 0.15% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of stone powder, 0.14% of sodium sulfate, 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multivitamins and 0.25% of animal polyminerals.

The preparation process is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Comparative example II, a common full mixed feed for mutton sheep raising

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut seedlings, 14% of soybean straws, 46.6% of corns, 4.8% of bran, 7.32% of soybean meal, 7.3% of cottonseed meal, 0.15% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of stone powder, 0.14% of sodium sulfate, 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multivitamins and 0.25% of animal polyminerals.

The preparation process is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Comparative example III, a full mixed feed for mutton sheep raising

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut seedlings, 14% of soybean straws, 8978% of corn, 8978% of zxft 8978%, 3.7% of puffed soybeans, 10.05% of soybean meal, 16.7% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multivitamins and 0.25% of animal polymineral.

The preparation process is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Comparative example four, a full mixed feed for mutton sheep raising

The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of peanut vine, 14% of soybean straw, 31.48% of corn, 3.7% of puffed soybean, 10.05% of soybean meal, 20.7% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% of salt, 0.04% of animal multi-vitamin and 0.25% of animal multi-mineral.

The preparation process is the same as that of the first embodiment.

Compared with the conventional mutton sheep raising feed prepared in the first and second comparative examples, the main difference is that the rapeseed meal and the cottonseed meal are replaced by the corn germ meal, the bran is removed, a certain amount of puffed soybeans are added, and then the corn content is adjusted on the basis of component replacement.

Compared with the fully mixed feeds for raising the Hu sheep prepared in the third and fourth comparative examples, the Hu sheep feed prepared in the first example mainly differs in that the content of the corn germ meal is adjusted, and the mixing amount of the corn is adaptively adjusted on the basis.

Groups a and B refer to the feeds prepared in comparative example one and comparative example two, respectively, groups C and D refer to the feeds prepared in comparative example three and comparative example four, and group F refers to the feed prepared in example one for ease of subsequent experimental analysis.

Preliminary experiments and feed Performance determination

1. Preliminary experiment for determining maize germ meal content and preliminary experiment for variety applicability

1. Determination of optimum addition amount of maize germ meal

In the aspect of raw material composition, the main difference between the hu sheep raising feed prepared in the first example (group F) and the hu sheep raising feed prepared in the third comparative example (group C) and the fourth comparative example (group D) is that the content of the maize germ meal is adjusted, and the three types of all mixed feeds are tested for relevant performance.

1.1 influence of different addition amounts of maize germ meal on Hu sheep production performance

(1) Feeding test

Pre-feeding period 18d: feeding 2/3 of sheep farm original feed +1/3 of formula daily ration for 1-6 days; feeding 1/3 sheep farm original feed +2/3 formula daily ration for 7-12 days; feeding formula daily feed for 13-18 days. The last morning of the pre-feeding period was weighed on an empty stomach and earmarked. The test sheep is immunized before the pre-feeding period, the feeding test of 90d is started after weighing and recording, the test sheep is fed twice at 8 am and 4 pm, the test sheep is fed with free feed and free drinking water, the feeding amount and the residual amount of each day are recorded, and the feeding condition of the test sheep is adjusted at any time.

Fasting is carried out 12h before slaughtering, 3 test sheep are randomly selected from each group at 8 points in the morning of the next day, weighed before slaughtering, and slaughtered by carotid bleeding.

(2) Measurement index and method

Growth performance index: hu sheep were weighed on an empty stomach at 8 am on test 1d, 45d, 90d, respectively. And (4) measuring average daily gain, average daily feed intake and material-weight ratio.

Average Daily Gain (ADG) = (end of test body weight-start of test body weight)/number of test days

Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) = (daily feed-daily remainder)/number of sheep per pen.

Feed weight ratio (FCR) = amount of feed consumed/increased live weight

Figure 1 shows the effect of different corn germ meal additives on the performance of hu sheep. As can be seen from fig. 1, the average daily gain was significantly higher in group F than in group D (P < 0.05), whereas the feed to group F ratio was significantly lower in group D (P < 0.05). The average daily gain and the material weight ratio of the group C are not obviously different from those of the group F and the group D (P is more than 0.05), which shows that the formula of the group F can improve the production performance of the Hu sheep compared with other feeds.

1.2, influence of different addition amounts of corn germ meal on physiological and biochemical indexes of mutton sheep serum

90 healthy Hu sheep rams of about 3 months old with qualified quarantine are selected, the weight of the Hu sheep rams is 25 +/-5 Kg, and the Hu sheep rams are randomly divided into 3 groups, and each group comprises 30 rams.

The test groups feed mutton sheep according to the TMR daily ration formula of the same nutrition level, the same concentration ratio and different total mixed feeds, the pre-feeding period of the test is 18d, the feeding test period is 90d, the feeding condition of the sheep is observed and recorded, and the feeding condition of the sheep is respectively weighed on an empty stomach and recorded at the 1d, 45d and 90d of the test. Blood was collected at test 90d and relevant indices were determined.

Pre-feeding period 18d: feeding 2/3 of the original feed of the sheep farm and 1/3 of the formula daily ration for 1-6 days; feeding 1/3 of the original feed of the sheep farm and 2/3 of the formula daily ration for 7-12 days; feeding the formula daily ration for 13-18 days. The last morning of the pre-feeding period was weighed on an empty stomach and earmarked. The feeding test period is 90 days, the mutton sheep are fed twice a day, 8 am and 4 pm in the morning, water is freely drunk in the period, the amount of the mixed material and the amount of the residual material are recorded, the feeding amount ensures that the mutton sheep can freely feed for 2 hours, and the feeding condition is adjusted at any time according to the feeding condition of the mutton sheep.

And (3) measuring the physiological indexes of the blood: white Blood Cells (WBC), red Blood Cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), platelet Distribution Width (PDW), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean Platelet Volume (MPV) were measured with a hematology analyzer using heparin sodium anticoagulation.

And (3) blood biochemical index determination: serum aspartate transferase (AST) -2020021K, total Protein (TP) -2020051K, lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) -2020041K, alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) -2020062K, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) -2020041K, creatinine (CREA), albumin (ALB) -2019112K, urea nitrogen (BUN) -2020041K, calcium (Ca) -2020041K were measured using a fully automated serum biochemical analyzer.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on physiological indices of Hu sheep blood. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the WBC and HGB content in the blood of group F is significantly higher than that of group D and group C (P < 0.05), and no significant difference exists in other indexes (P > 0.05), which indicates that the formula of group F can improve the physiological indexes of Hu sheep blood better than those of other formulas.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of different rice germ meal addition on the biochemical indicators of the Hu sheep serum. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the serum TP and Ca content of the group F is significantly higher than that of the group C and the group D (P < 0.05), the ALB content of the group C and the group F is significantly higher than that of the group D (P < 0.05), and no significant difference exists among other groups (P > 0.05). This shows that the F group formula has more obvious effect on improving the biochemical indexes of the Hu sheep serum compared with other feed formulas.

1.3 Effect of different corn germ meal additives on Hu sheep serum immune function

The method comprises the steps of randomly dividing 90 Hu sheep rams with similar weight, good physique and health for 3 months into 3 groups, randomly dividing each test group into 30, feeding the test group sheep with the same sperm-gross ratio (68. Centrifuging at 3500r/min for 15min, separating serum, and storing at-80 deg.C for determining cytokine and antibody content of serum.

And (3) measuring immune function: the detection of interleukin 2 (IL-2, batch number: MK 2257B), interleukin 4 (IL-4, MK9276B), peste des petits ruminants antibody (PPRV-Ab, batch number: MK 9274B) and secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA, batch number: MK 9260B) was carried out, and the kit was purchased from Nanjing institute of bioengineering.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of different amounts of maize germ meal on Hu sheep serum cytokine content. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the IL-2 and PPRV-Ab contents in the serum of group F are significantly higher than those of group C and group D (P < 0.05), and the IL-4 contents of group C and group F are significantly higher than those of group D (P < 0.05), indicating that the formula of group F can increase the serum cytokine content of Hu sheep compared with the feed formula of other groups.

1.4 influence of different addition amounts of corn germ meal on antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum

The method comprises the steps of randomly dividing 90 Hu sheep rams with similar weight, good physique and health for 3 months into 3 groups, randomly dividing each test group into 30, feeding the test group sheep with the same sperm-gross ratio (68. Centrifuging at 3500r/min for 15min, separating serum, and storing at-80 deg.C for measuring antioxidant index of serum.

FIG. 5 shows the effect of different amounts of corn germ meal on the antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the serum levels of GSH-PX, T-SOD and T-AOC in the F group are significantly higher than those in the C group and the D group (P < 0.05), while the MDA content in the F group is significantly lower than those in the C group and the D group (P < 0.05). This shows that the formula of group F has more remarkable effect in improving the oxidation resistance of Hu sheep compared with other feed formulas.

2. Influence of different breeding varieties on breeding effect

In order to further study the difference of the hu-sheep full mixed feed prepared in the comparative example in feeding different varieties of mutton sheep and observe whether the feed with the same formula can produce more obvious effect in feeding the hu-sheep, the feeding contrast experiment is carried out on the small tailed han sheep and the hu-sheep.

The experimental method is the same as the method for measuring the influence of different addition amounts of the maize germ meal on the performance of the Hu sheep

FIG. 6 shows the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the performance of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep. As can be seen from figure 6, after Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep are fed by the formula F respectively, the material weight ratio of the Hu sheep is significantly lower than that of the small tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05), and the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake have no significant difference (P > 0.05), which indicates that the formula F can better improve the production performance of the Hu sheep.

FIG. 7 shows the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the physiological indices of blood of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep. As can be seen from figure 7, after Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep are fed with the F group formula respectively, the WBC and HGB content in the blood of the Hu sheep is obviously higher than that of the small tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05), and other indexes have no obvious difference (P > 0.05), which shows that when the F group formula feed is used for feeding two different varieties of mutton sheep, namely Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep, the effect is more obvious in improving the blood physiological indexes of the mutton sheep when the Hu sheep is fed.

FIG. 8 shows the effect of the feed prepared in example one on the biochemical indicators of the sera of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep. As can be seen from FIG. 8, after Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep are fed with the formula F, the ALB, TP and Ca contents in the serum of the Hu sheep are significantly higher than those of the small tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05), while other indexes have no significant difference (P > 0.05), which indicates that the formula F can better improve the biochemical indexes of the serum of the mutton sheep of the Hu sheep variety compared with the mutton sheep fed with the small tailed Han sheep variety.

FIG. 9 shows the effect of the feedstuffs prepared in the first example on the serum cytokine levels of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep. As can be seen from figure 9, after Hu sheep and small-tailed Han sheep are fed with the formula F respectively, the content of IL-2 and PPRV-Ab in the serum of the Hu sheep is obviously higher than that of the small-tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05), while the content of IL-4 has no obvious difference (P > 0.05), which indicates that the formula F can better improve the content of serum cytokines of the Hu sheep.

FIG. 10 shows the effect of the feed prepared in the first example on the antioxidant function of the sera of Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep. As can be seen from FIG. 10, after Hu sheep and small tailed Han sheep are fed with group F formula, the content of GSH-PX, T-SOD and T-AOC in the serum of Hu sheep is significantly higher than that of small tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05), while the content of MDA in Hu sheep is significantly lower than that of small tailed Han sheep (P < 0.05). The formula F is proved to be capable of better improving the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep.

From the results of the two preliminary experiments, it can be known that the effect of feeding the Hu sheep is improved more remarkably when the fully mixed feed prepared in the first embodiment of the application is used for feeding the Hu sheep and the small tailed Han sheep of two common varieties of mutton sheep, and the formula of the group F has stronger variety pertinence; and when the content of the corn germ meal in the formula is within the range of 16-21%, the feeding effect is better, the feeding effect is obviously reduced when the content of the corn germ meal is higher than 21% or lower than 16%, and the feeding effect is better when the content of the corn germ meal is 17-19%.

2. Compared with the conventional feed for feeding in a performance test

In preliminary experiments, the optimal addition amount of the corn germ meal in the feed is determined to be about 17-19%, so that the feed disclosed in the first embodiment (indicated as group F) and the conventional feed (namely the feed prepared in the first and second embodiments, indicated as group A and group B respectively) are used as the experimental objects for subsequent performance tests.

1. Influence of different complete mixed feeds on physiological and biochemical indexes of mutton sheep serum

Pre-feeding period 18d: feeding 2/3 of the original feed of the sheep farm and 1/3 of the formula daily ration for 1-6 days; feeding 1/3 of the original feed of the sheep farm and 2/3 of the formula daily ration for 7-12 days; feeding the formula daily ration for 13-18 days. Weighing on empty stomach and marking ear number on the morning of the last day of the pre-feeding period. The feeding test period is 90 days, the mutton sheep are fed twice a day, 8 am and 4 pm in the morning, water is freely drunk in the period, the amount of the mixed material and the amount of the residual material are recorded, the feeding amount ensures that the mutton sheep can freely feed for 2 hours, and the feeding condition is adjusted at any time according to the feeding condition of the mutton sheep.

The effect of different complete mixed feeds on the physiological indices of blood of mutton sheep is shown in figure 11. The results show that the blood WBC, HGB and HCT levels in group F broilers were significantly higher than in group a or group B (P < 0.05), indicating that feeding the broilers with the formula group F promoted an increase in the number of WBCs and hemoglobin production.

The effect of different complete mixed feeds on the biochemical indicators of the serum of the mutton sheep is shown in figure 12. The results show that ALP, CREA, ALB, BUN and Ca in the serum of the mutton sheep are all within the normal physiological value range, the difference among groups is small, and the influence of the addition and the substitution of the individual components in the test on the ALP, CREA, ALB, BUN and Ca is small. However, the content of TP in the F group serum is obviously higher than that in the A group, which indicates that the F group feed can promote the generation of serum albumin. The three groups of feed can ensure the healthy growth of the mutton sheep.

2. Influence of different complete mixed feeds on Hu sheep serum immune function

The method comprises the steps of randomly dividing 90 ram sheep with similar weight, good physique and health for 3 months into 3 groups, randomly dividing each test group into 30 ram sheep, feeding the ram sheep to the same sperm-gross ratio (68. Centrifuging at 3500r/min for 15min, separating serum, and storing at-80 deg.C for determining cytokine and antibody content of serum.

IL-2 in serum can promote the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (NK). IL-2 promotes the differentiation, maturation and expansion of T cells in vitro. Since T cells play an important role in immune response and regulation, IL-2 is considered to be a key link in ensuring normal immune function in the body.

IL-4 in serum affects the proliferation and expression of mast cells, macrophages and B cells. It is a key regulator of humoral and adaptive immunity.

Figure 13 shows the effect of different complete mixed feeds on serum cytokine content of mutton sheep. In the first embodiment, the protein composition of the feed is improved by doping the corn germ meal with a high proportion in the feed, and the indexes of IL-2, IL-4 and PPRV-Ab of the F group mutton sheep serum are better shown from the table, so that the immune function of the Hu sheep is obviously improved.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) mainly infect Peste des petits ruminants, especially mainly sheep, and have serious clinical symptoms; the infection source mainly comprises the secretion, excrement, polluted feed, tools and drinking water of the sick livestock; the disease is mainly transmitted by direct or indirect contact, the respiratory tract is the main infection route, and drinking water can also cause infection; the incubation period is generally 4-6 days, with a maximum of 21 days. The incidence rate of susceptible sheep is usually more than 60%, the fatality rate is more than 50%, and the serum PPRV-Ab activity of the F group mutton sheep is higher and has obvious difference (P < 0.05). Presumably, the gastrointestinal absorption performance of the Hu sheep is different from that of other sheep species, and the Hu sheep protein absorption rate is improved by combining with specific application time, so that the utilization rate of nutrient substances is improved, the metabolism of organisms is accelerated, and the immunity is improved.

3. Influence of different complete mixed feeds on immune organ tissue structure of Hu sheep

30 Hu sheep rams of 3 months old, which had similar body weight, good physical constitution and health, were randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 for each test group, each of which was fed with the same sperm-to-fat ratio (68.

Figure 14 shows the effect of different fully mixed feeds on the immune organohistological parameters of hu sheep. The thymus is an important lymphoid organ of the mutton sheep, can produce T lymphocytes and participates in the cellular immune function. The thymic cortex is mainly composed of thymocytes and epithelial reticular cells, among which thymocytes are densely packed. As can be seen in FIG. 15, the three test groups of mutton sheep had normal thymus tissue structure, thick lobular cortex of thymus, and a small amount of thymosomes were visible in the medulla. The thymus tissue structures of the group A and the group B are not obviously changed, and the thymus lobules of the group F are large in area, the cortex is obviously thick, and the thymocytes are arranged closely, so that the thymus of the group F is obviously better in development.

The spleen is the place of immune response of the mutton sheep and plays an important role in immune regulation. As can be seen in FIG. 16, spleen tissue structures were normal in the three test groups, indicating that development of lymphatic sheaths around the splenic arteries was similar among the test groups. However, the area of the splenic nodules in the group F is obviously higher than that of the splenic nodules in the group A and the group B (P is less than 0.05), which indicates that the splenic nodules in the group F have better development condition and stronger immunocompetence.

Lymph nodes, also known as lymph follicles, are dense lymphoid tissues in the form of circles or ovals and are generally present in lymphoid organs, and thus are important morphological markers reflecting the humoral immune response of the body. The mesenteric lymph nodes are located around the intestinal tract and are important immune organs for maintaining local immune function of the intestinal tract, the lymph nodes mainly comprise lymph nodules and diffuse lymph tissues, the forms and the structures of the lymph nodules change along with the change of the stimulation degree of the antigen, and the number and the form structures of the lymph nodules are influenced by the stimulation of the antigen and the stimulation degree of the antigen. As can be seen in FIG. 17: lymph node tissue structure was normal in the three experimental groups, but lymph node area was significantly higher in group F than in group a and group B (P < 0.05). This indicates that the lymph node in group F developed better and the body immunity was stronger.

4. Influence of different complete mixed feeds on antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum

FIG. 18 shows the effect of different complete mixed feeds on the antioxidant function of Hu sheep serum. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) reflects the ability of organism to remove oxygen free radicals, so as to prevent histiocytes from being damaged by oxygen free radicals, protect the integrity of cell membrane structure and function, and maintain organism stability. The GSH-Px activity of the mutton sheep serum in the test group F is obviously improved compared with that in the test group A and the test group B.

Superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) can regulate immune system, and is one of substances with antiaging, radioprotective, blood lipid regulating and skin caring effects. T-SOD is an important antioxidant enzyme in animals and plants, and catalyzes superoxide to be converted into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through disproportionation so as to enhance the antioxidant capacity of the organism. The T-SOD activity of the mutton sheep serum of the group F is improved by 11.76 percent compared with that of the group B (P is less than 0.05).

The higher the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) value is, the stronger the antioxidant capacity of the organism is, and the antioxidant effect of the system is realized mainly by the following three ways: the method has the advantages of eliminating free radicals and active oxygen to avoid lipid peroxidation, decomposing peroxide to seal a peroxidation chain, and removing catalytic metal ions. Compared with the test F group, the activity of the mutton sheep serum T-AOC in the test A group and the test B group is respectively reduced by 32.86 percent and 38.54 percent (P is less than 0.05), and the difference is obvious.

The MDA content indirectly reflects the degree of cellular damage, generally speaking, a lower MDA value indicates a lower degree of cellular damage. As shown in fig. 18, the content of MDA in the mutton sheep serum in group F was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to both groups a and B, indicating that the feeding effect of group B containing corn, soybean meal, bran and cottonseed meal in the ration fine-coarse ratio was inferior to that of group F containing corn, soybean meal, corn germ meal and puffed soybeans in the ration fine-coarse ratio. This is probably because the rapeseed meal and the cottonseed meal used in the experiment groups a and B were not fermented and contained the anti-nutritional factors.

From the test results, compared with a large amount of general sheep feed, the corn germ meal doped feed disclosed in the first embodiment can be used for feeding three-month-old Hu sheep to remarkably improve the immune function and the oxidation resistance of the Hu sheep and contribute to the growth and development of the Hu sheep, and the doped corn germ meal belongs to a cheap agricultural and sideline product, can be used as a main additive of the Hu sheep feed to remarkably reduce the feed cost, is a good feed grain substitute for large-scale production, and can meet the development requirements of modern animal husbandry.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The complete mixed feed based on the corn germ meal and suitable for the breeding of the Hu sheep is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 16 to 18 percent of peanut vine, 12 to 15 percent of soybean straw, 31 to 35 percent of corn, 3 to 5 percent of puffed soybean, 10 to 12 percent of soybean meal, 16 to 21 percent of corn germ meal, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of mountain flour, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of sodium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 0.01 to 1 percent of multi-vitamin and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of multi-mineral.

2. The corn germ meal-based complete feed mixture suitable for feeding hu sheep according to claim 1, wherein the corn germ meal content in the complete feed mixture is 17-19% by weight.

3. The corn germ meal based complete mixed feed suitable for feeding hu sheep as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed uses raw materials comprising, by weight: 18% of peanut seedlings, 14% of soybean straws, 8978% of corn, 8978% of zxft 8978%, 5.70% of puffed soybeans, 10.05% of soybean meal, 17.70% of corn germ meal, 0.37% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.38% of stone powder, 0.13% of sodium sulfate, 0.40% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.50% of salt, 0.04% of multivitamin and 0.25% of polymineral.

4. The corn germ meal-based complete feed mixture for hu sheep breeding according to claim 1 wherein the extruded soybeans used have a urease activity between 0.03 and 0.4.

5. The corn germ meal-based full mixed feed suitable for feeding the Hu sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the full mixed feed is suitable for feeding the Hu sheep and can improve the immune function and the antioxidant capacity of the Hu sheep.

6. The corn germ meal-based complete mixed feed suitable for feeding hu sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding period of the complete mixed feed is three months old hu sheep.

7. The method for preparing the corn germ meal-based complete mixed feed suitable for the breeding of the Hu sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage;

2) Kneading and crushing peanut seedlings, soybean straws and corns;

3) Mixing the crushed material obtained in the previous step with other raw materials, stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture, adding a small amount of other raw materials into the crushed material for mixing during mixing and stirring, adding all the rest raw materials into the mixture for mixing after mixing for a period of time, and adding the rest raw materials according to the principle of firstly adding light materials and then adding heavy materials during the feeding process;

8. The method for preparing the corn germ meal-based full mixed feed suitable for the breeding of the hu sheep according to claim 7, wherein the ground particle size of the peanut vine, the soybean straw and the corn in the step 2) is 0.2-0.5mm.

9. The method for preparing a corn germ meal-based complete mixed feed suitable for feeding hu sheep as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pelletization process in the step 3) is performed under the conditions of temperature of 65 ± 5 ℃ and steam pressure of 0.5 ± 0.2 MPa.