CN115316266B - Crop population improvement and variety breeding method - Google Patents
Crop population improvement and variety breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316266B CN115316266B CN202211075884.8A CN202211075884A CN115316266B CN 115316266 B CN115316266 B CN 115316266B CN 202211075884 A CN202211075884 A CN 202211075884A CN 115316266 B CN115316266 B CN 115316266B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention is applicable to the technical field of crop breeding, and provides a crop population improvement and variety breeding method, which comprises the following steps: group improvement: performing parent selection based on whole genome selection by utilizing candidate germplasm, then crossing to obtain hybrid populations of F1, taking one part of each hybrid F1 for the next population improvement cycle, and taking the other part for developing excellent varieties or inbred lines; developing excellent varieties: f1 is subjected to haploid induction technology to form doubled haploid (DH line), the DH line is screened out to obtain a high-yield DH line, the DH line with high breeding value is screened out to obtain a high-breeding value DH line, the DH line with high breeding value is screened out to obtain an excellent DH line, and the excellent DH line is screened out to be used as a variety to be popularized in a large area or as an excellent hybrid parent; years of the multipoint phenotype and genotype of the high yielding DH line were provided to the population-improved whole genome selection training population. The invention combines variety breeding and germplasm population improvement, and plays an important role in rapidly promoting the genetic gain of the existing germplasm basis in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a crop population improvement and variety breeding method.
Background
There are two common objectives in breeding new lines in plant breeding: (1) Breeding to generate new inbred lines for developing new varieties or as parents of hybrid seeds; (2) New superior inbred lines or germplasm were identified for subsequent population improvement. Traditional breeding processes are divided into two parts: a population improvement section that increases the frequency of advantageous genes in the population by rapid recurrent population selection; the development variety part is used for developing and screening excellent varieties or inbred lines.
In crop variety breeding, the conventional breeding process has long generation interval and slow genetic gain in the population, and how to reduce the breeding cycle time and rapidly advance the genetic gain of the existing germplasm basis is a problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a crop population improvement and variety breeding method, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that a crop population improvement and variety breeding method comprises the following steps:
group improvement: parent selection is carried out on the basis of whole genome selection by utilizing candidate germplasm to obtain a parent with a high breeding value, half siblings in an isolation region of the parent with the high breeding value are hybridized to obtain hybrid populations of F1, one part of each hybrid F1 is used for the next population improvement cycle, and the other part is used for developing excellent varieties or inbred lines;
developing excellent varieties: f1 is subjected to haploid induction technology to form a DH line, the DH line is planted to perform a first yield test or a high-yield DH line is screened out based on whole genome selection, the high-yield DH line is planted to perform a primary yield test or a high breeding value DH line is screened out based on whole genome selection, the high breeding value DH line is planted to perform a high yield test, an excellent DH line is screened out to participate in a national area test or an excellent yield test, and an excellent DH line is screened out to be used as a variety to be promoted in a large area or an excellent hybrid parent;
the years of multipoint phenotype and genotype of the high yielding DH line is further provided to the population improvement whole genome selection training population for improved prediction accuracy of the population improvement whole genome selection.
Preferably, the crop can be a self-bred crop, such as wheat, soybean and other self-pollinated crops, and is used for breeding varieties through population improvement; cross pollinated crops such as maize, sunflower and the like can also be used to produce the parental inbred line of the dominant hybrid.
Preferably, the population improvement is performed twice a year in Xinjiang and Hainan, respectively.
Preferably, the candidate germplasm comprises a half sibling F1 population generated in the last cycle of population improvement, and various excellent hybrid seeds, inbred lines and other types popularized in production.
Preferably, the performing parental selection based on whole genome selection comprises: and equally dividing candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out genotype identification on all candidate germplasm, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, selecting male parent and female parent corresponding to the optimal dominant combination based on whole genome, and selecting male parent and female parent corresponding to the corresponding groups as high breeding value parents.
Preferably, the genotyping adopts a 20K chip, and based on whole genome selection, the male parents and the female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations are generated, and 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups are selected as high breeding value parents.
Preferably, the half-sibling crosses within the high breeding value parental isolation region include: the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, the female parent is emasculated before pollen scattering, the emasculation can be artificial emasculation or chemical emasculation, pollen of the male parent is randomly selected for pollination, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and 100 half siblings F1 hybrid populations are formed by harvesting female parent seeds according to single spike.
Preferably, said each hybrid F1 takes a portion for the next population improvement cycle comprising: taking 30 seeds from each single spike of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm and putting the candidate germplasm into the next round of population improvement;
the taking of another part for developing a elite variety or inbred line includes: 20 seeds were harvested per spike in 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations for use in developing elite varieties or inbred lines.
Preferably, said forming a DH line from F1 using haploid induction techniques comprises: 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations generated with population improvement, using haploid induction techniques to generate 100 xn DH lines, wherein the N is 30-80.
Preferably, the first yield test of DH line planting or screening out high-yield DH lines based on whole genome selection comprises: planting 100 XN DH lines in double rows in a cell, wherein the cell can be 5m long, wherein one row takes 5 single plants for artificial self-pollination, and the 5 single plants are reserved as DH lines for propagation, and the high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines can be 300 DH lines selected according to indexes such as the yield, the growth period, the lodging reverse fold rate and the like of the cell;
or carrying out genotype identification on 100 XN DH lines, selecting 20K chips, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and directly entering 300 dominant combinations for generating optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on whole genome selection into a primary yield test.
Preferably, the planting of the high yielding DH lines for the primary yield test or the screening of high breeding value DH lines based on whole genome selection comprises: planting 300 high-yield DH lines in double rows in a cell, wherein the cell can be 5m long, wherein 5 single plants are taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the cells are reserved as DH lines for propagation, and the high-breeding-value DH lines can be selected according to indexes such as the yield, the growth period, the lodging reverse folding rate and the like of the cell, and the number of the DH lines can be 50;
or carrying out genotype identification on 300 DH lines with high yield, selecting 20K chips, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and selecting 50 DH lines with highest yield breeding values based on the whole genome to enter a high yield test.
Preferably, the planting of the high breeding value DH line for a high yield test comprises: the 50 DH lines with high breeding value are planted in a high-yield test field respectively, and excellent DH lines can be selected according to the yield of a cell, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate, and the number of the DH lines can be 10.
Preferably, the further providing the years of the multipoint phenotype and genotype of the high yielding DH line into a population-improved whole genome selection training population comprises: genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data of DH lines of the first year yield experiment, the primary yield experiment and the high-grade yield experiment in the step of developing the excellent variety are provided to a whole genome selection training set of a population improvement part to further guide whole genome selection of the next cycle.
The crop group improvement and variety breeding method provided by the embodiment of the invention combines two crop breeding strategies, wherein the group improvement part in the two strategies uses full Genome Selection (GS) to carry out rapid cycle selection, so as to reduce the breeding cycle time to the greatest extent and improve the annual genetic gain, each cycle of group improvement cycle starts from a large amount of breeding materials with larger genetic background difference, the materials are subjected to genotyping, genome selection is applied, the best individuals are hybridized to generate a candidate group of a new generation, then the cycle is repeated, the group improvement part is a cyclic genome selection scheme to improve the frequency of beneficial genes in the group, part of seeds produced in some or all cycle improvement are transferred to a variety development part and used for guaranteeing continuous breeding of new excellent varieties or inbred lines, and the crop group improvement part can be hybridized twice in one year by combining with the GS so as to realize twice recombination of excellent genotypes in one year, thereby achieving the aim of rapidly increasing the genetic gain;
the development of the excellent variety part in the two-part strategy only focuses on developing excellent pure lines to form parents of excellent varieties or hybrid seeds, the strategy of the part is similar to the conventional breeding process, the part can be adjusted according to the existing or new breeding planning design, the development variety part can also be combined with genome to flexibly select different embodiments, and the main difference between the development variety part and the conventional variety breeding process is that the conventional variety breeding does not provide inbred lines for subsequent cyclic population improvement, but is executed by the population improvement part in the two-part strategy; in addition, the development of the elite variety part also includes genotyping of some phenotyping materials, which data helps to guide and update the accuracy of the training population predictions using genome selection in the population improvement part, and can guide the use of GS during the development of the variety, by employing the construction and constant updating of the training population, the results of the two part strategy will further guide the population improvement part;
in crop variety breeding, the invention utilizes a two-part strategy to rapidly increase genetic gain in a population by shortening the generation interval, is an efficient population improvement and variety breeding mode, and the population improvement part and the excellent variety development part can be developed simultaneously, the population improvement part is a process of gradually accumulating excellent genes, and the excellent variety development part can transmit the genotype and phenotype data of the GS part to the population improvement part, so that the prediction precision of the population improvement GS is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a crop population improvement and variety breeding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1
Taking corn as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
1. group improvement part
1.1 Selection of candidate elite parents
Collecting 200F 1 corn hybrids with large popularization area, abundant genetic background and large source-to-ground difference on production, such as excellent germplasm of first jade 335, M751, di-Ka 159, bixiang 101, huamei No. 1, heyu 187 and Stest 112 high-yield Mei line, de line, huang Huai Hai and northeast China, and the self-bred corn inbred line is a group improvement candidate germplasm;
1.2 Circularly improved parent selection
Based on the selection phenotype and genotype identification result (including the data generated by the previous development of the variety and the data for multi-year and multi-point identification of the candidate hybrid early phenotype and genotype) of the early whole Genome (GS), a training model of the GS is established, and the selected GS model only comprises the additive effect of genes;
carrying out Maize 20K genotype identification on 200 corn hybrid F1 and self-bred corn inbred lines, predicting 200 candidate germplasm based on training groups by utilizing an additive effect model of GS to generate 19900 hybrid yields and breeding values of general fertility of the yields, and taking 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to 300 hybrids with the top ranking of the yield breeding values as parents for one-cycle improvement;
1.3 Hybridization of half siblings in isolation region (isolation region is arranged)
Planting 50 male parents and 50 female parents with high breeding values in an isolation area (in the test place of Xinjiang agricultural and chemical academy of sciences in Xinjiang stone river, xinjiang, three-city, hainan province, in winter), planting the corn with spacing of more than 400m between the isolation area and the surrounding corn, planting the corn male parents and the female parents at intervals, planting the male parents in one row, planting the female parents in one row, drawing male by the male parent before drawing male by the female parent, randomly carrying out artificial supplementary pollination on female parent material female ears by pollen of the male parent, and marking pollination fruit ear by a mark;
the mature period is based on the label of hanging, the clusters of female parent are harvested according to the combination name, 100 seeds are selected to be enough to be combined into effective half sibling F1, 30 seeds are selected to be put into the group improvement of the next round of circulation, and the remaining 20 seeds of each combination are selected to be used for developing the parental inbred line of excellent hybrid;
1.4 Initiation of the next population improvement cycle
The 100 half sibling populations F1 generated in the previous cycle are introduced into corn hybrids with larger popularization area in the current year production, for example, new corn varieties such as Dika A1589, jinli 1702, xinyu 69, xinyu 77, MC670 and KWS2564 and germplasm used in the previous cycle form candidate parent populations together, and the population improvement of the second round in the first year is started.
2. Development of elite varieties or inbreds
2.1 Half-sibling population F1 forming DH lines
In the first year, the 100 half-sibling populations formed by the population improvement part, and 20 seeds of each F1 are delivered to haploid companies to form 100 multiplied by 30 Doubled Haploid (DH) lines;
2.2 First annual production test of DH lines
In the next year, 3000 DH lines are planted in a test field of crops of Xinjiang national academy of agricultural and chemical industries, DH lines are planted in double rows, the row length is 5m, the row spacing is 40cm, the width and the width of 70cm are respectively 5m, 2 repeated planting are carried out, and the planting density is 120000 plants/hm 2 Taking 3 single plants on one row of the two rows, carrying out artificial bagging pollination, expanding propagation of DH lines, and artificially observing the comprehensive performance (yield, lodging, reverse folding rate, growth period and plant height) of all DH lines in the field, checking 1000 DH lines with excellent comprehensive performance, carrying out artificial yield measurement, screening out a primary yield test of the high-yield DH line with the yield of 300 in the front rank, hybridizing 300 high-yield DH lines with standard test seeds in three times in Hainan in winter, and forming a test and preparation group;
2.3 Primary yield experiments and Whole Genome Selection (GS) of DH lines
In the third year, genotyping the 300 high-yield DH lines screened by using a Maize 20K chip, predicting comprehensive breeding values of the 300 high-yield DH lines based on the early phenotype and genotype data as training groups, and taking 50 DH lines with highest predicted comprehensive breeding values and corresponding matched groups thereof to directly enter a high-grade yield test;
2.4 Advanced yield test of DH lines
The 50 DH lines and 5 measured and matched groups of the summer of the third year and the fourth year are respectively planted in Xinjiang stone Xinjiang agricultural chemical academy of sciences (the test point DH line is obtained by bagging and self-pollination of 5 plants in the side row), xinjiang five-family ditch city, sixth agricultural science department, fourth agricultural science department in Xinjiang Yili city, ninth agricultural science department in Xinjiang army, fifth agricultural science department in Xinjiang army, 5m long rows, 40cm long rows and 70cm wide and narrow rows, and 2 repeated planting, and the planting density is 120000 plants/hm 2 Comprehensively measuring the single plant yield, the growth period, the plant type, the lodging reverse folding rate and other characters of each DH line and the measurement population thereof in the field, comprehensively selecting 50 DH lines and the multipoint phenotype of the measurement population thereof in two years, and selecting 10 DH lines with high yield and excellent comprehensive characters as excellent created corn inbred lines;
2.5 DH-line phenotype genotype provided population improvement as training population
The Maize 20K chip genotypes of the 50 high-yield DH lines, the high-yield test surface types are provided to the group improvement GS training group, and the accuracy of the GS for predicting the half-sibling hybrid phenotype is further improved.
Example 2
Taking corn as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
collecting corn hybrid seeds and inbred line types popularized in production, and taking a half sibling F1 group generated in a cycle of group improvement as a group improvement candidate germplasm;
dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out the genotype identification of a Maize 20K chip on all the candidate germplasm, taking the early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, generating male parents and female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations based on GS model prediction, and selecting 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups as parents with high breeding values;
the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination after all male parent pollen is removed before pollen scattering, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations are formed by harvesting female parent seeds according to single spike;
each single spike of 100 half sibling F1 hybrid populations takes 30 seeds as candidate germplasm to be put into the next round of population improvement, and 20 seeds are taken for developing excellent germplasm;
generating 100 multiplied by 50 DH lines by adopting haploid induction (DH) technology by using 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 groups generated by group improvement;
planting 100X 50 DH lines in single repeated double rows in a 5-meter line-length cell, wherein 5 single plants are taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the single plants are reserved as a DH line for propagation expansion, and 300 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines are screened out according to indexes such as cell yield, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
5 points 2 of 300 high-yield DH lines are repeatedly planted in double rows in a 5-meter line-length cell, 5 single plants are taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the single plants are reserved as a DH line for propagation, and 50 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines are screened out according to indexes such as cell yield, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
respectively planting 50 high-yield DH lines in a high-yield test area, and screening 10 excellent high-yield DH lines according to the yield, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate of a cell;
10 excellent high-yield DH lines are subjected to an excellent yield test, and 1 excellent DH line is screened out as an excellent inbred line for breeding hybrid corn.
Example 3
Taking sunflower as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
collecting excellent hybrid seeds and inbred line types of sunflowers promoted in production, and taking a half sibling F1 group generated in a cycle of group improvement as a group improvement candidate germplasm;
dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out 20K chip genotype identification on all the candidate germplasm, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, generating male parents and female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations based on GS model prediction, and selecting 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups as parents with high breeding values;
the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, all male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination after manual emasculation or chemical emasculation before pollen scattering of the female parent, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and female parent seeds are harvested according to a single fruit tray to form a hybrid population of 100 half siblings F1;
taking 30 seeds from each single fruit tray of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm to be put into the next round of population improvement, and taking 20 seeds for developing excellent xenogenous germplasm;
generating 100 multiplied by 60 DH lines by adopting haploid induction (DH) technology on 20 seeds per fruit bowl of 100 half-sibling F1 groups generated by group improvement;
carrying out 20K chip genotyping identification on 100X 60 DH lines, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and directly entering 300 dominant combinations for generating optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on GS model prediction into a primary yield test;
5-point 2 repeated double-row planting of 300 high-yield DH lines in a 5-meter line-length cell, wherein 5 single plants are taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the single plants are reserved as a DH line for propagation expansion, and 50 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines are screened out according to indexes such as cell yield, quality, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
respectively planting 50 high-yield DH lines in a high-yield test area, and screening 10 excellent high-yield DH lines according to the yield, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate of a cell;
taking 10 excellent high-yield DH lines into an excellent test, and screening out 1 excellent DH line as an excellent hybrid parent;
genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data for DH lines of the first year, the primary, and the superior yield trials in the development variety section are provided to a Genome Selection (GS) training set in the population improvement section to further guide the GS for the next cycle.
Example 4
Taking sunflower as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
collecting the excellent inbred line type of sunflower promoted in production, wherein the half sibling F1 group generated in the previous cycle of group improvement is used as a group improvement candidate germplasm;
dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out 20K chip genotype identification on all the candidate germplasm, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, generating male parents and female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations based on GS model prediction, and selecting 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups as parents with high breeding values;
the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, all male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination after manual emasculation or chemical emasculation before pollen scattering of the female parent, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and female parent seeds are harvested according to a single fruit tray to form a hybrid population of 100 half siblings F1;
taking 30 seeds from each single fruit tray of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm to be put into the next round of population improvement, and taking 20 seeds for developing excellent varieties;
generating 100X 80 DH lines by adopting haploid induction (DH) technology by using 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 groups generated by group improvement;
carrying out 20K chip genotyping identification on 100X 80 DH lines, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and directly entering 300 dominant combinations for generating optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on GS model prediction into a primary yield test;
5 points 2 of 300 high-yield DH lines are repeatedly planted in double rows in a 5-meter line-length cell, 5 single plants are taken in one row for artificial pollination, the single plants are reserved as a DH line for propagation expansion, and 50 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines are screened out according to indexes such as cell yield, quality, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
respectively planting 50 high-yield DH lines in a high-yield test area, and screening 10 excellent high-yield DH lines according to the yield, quality, growth period, plant type, mechanical harvest property and lodging reverse folding rate of a cell;
taking 10 excellent high-yield DH lines into an excellent yield test, and screening out 1 excellent DH line as an excellent parent for hybrid variety breeding;
genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data for DH lines of the primary yield test, the higher yield test in the developed variety section are provided to a Genome Selection (GS) training set of the population improvement section to further guide the GS for the next cycle.
Example 5
Taking wheat as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
collecting excellent types of wheat promoted in production, wherein a half sibling F1 group generated in a cycle of group improvement is used as a group improvement candidate germplasm;
dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out the genotype identification of a white 20K chip on all the candidate germplasm, taking the early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, generating male parents and female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations based on GS model prediction, and selecting 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups as parents with high breeding values;
the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, all male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination after manual emasculation or chemical emasculation before pollen scattering of the female parent, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and 100 half siblings F1 of hybrid population are formed by harvesting female parent seed grains according to single spike;
taking 30 seeds from each single spike of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm to be put into the next round of population improvement, and taking 20 seeds for developing excellent varieties;
generating 100 multiplied by 50 DH lines by adopting haploid induction (DH) technology by using 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 groups generated by group improvement;
carrying out the genotype identification of a Wheat20K chip on 100X 50 DH lines, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and directly entering 300 dominant combinations for generating optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on GS model prediction into a primary yield test;
repeatedly planting 300 high-yield DH lines at 5 points 2 in double rows in a 5-meter line-length cell, taking 5 single plants in one row for bagging, performing artificial self-pollination, reserving the single plants as a propagating DH line, and screening out 50 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines according to indexes such as cell yield, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
respectively planting 50 high-yield DH lines in a high-yield test area, and screening 10 excellent high-yield DH lines according to the yield, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate of a cell;
taking 10 excellent high-yield DH lines into a national area test, screening out 1 excellent DH line as a variety to be popularized in a large area;
genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data for DH lines of the primary yield test, the higher yield test in the developed variety section are provided to a Genome Selection (GS) training set of the population improvement section to further guide the GS for the next cycle.
Example 6
Taking soybean as an example, a crop population improvement and variety breeding method based on a two-part strategy is provided;
collecting excellent soybean types popularized in production, wherein a half sibling F1 group generated in a cycle of group improvement is used as a group improvement candidate germplasm;
dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out Soybean 20K chip genotype identification on all the candidate germplasm, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, predicting based on a GS model to generate male parents and female parents corresponding to the optimal 300 dominant combinations, and selecting 50 male parents and 50 female parents corresponding to the corresponding groups as parents with high breeding values;
the parent male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, all male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination after manual emasculation or chemical emasculation before pollen scattering of the female parent, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and 100 half siblings F1 of hybrid population are formed by harvesting female parent seed grains according to single spike;
taking 30 seeds from each single spike of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm to be put into the next round of population improvement, and taking 20 seeds for developing excellent varieties;
generating 100X 70 DH lines by adopting haploid induction (DH) technology by using 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 groups generated by group improvement;
carrying out Soybean 20K chip genotype identification on 100X 70 DH lines, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and predicting 300 dominant DH lines which generate optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on a GS model to directly enter a primary yield test;
repeatedly planting 300 high-yield DH lines at 5 points 2 in double rows in a 5-meter line-length cell, wherein 5 single plant bags are taken out of one row to serve as the DH lines for propagation expansion, and 50 high-yield stress-tolerant DH lines are screened out according to indexes such as cell yield, growth period, lodging reverse fold rate and the like;
respectively planting 50 high-yield DH lines in a high-yield test area, and screening 10 excellent high-yield DH lines according to the yield, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate of a cell;
taking 10 excellent high-yield DH lines into an excellent yield test, screening out 1 excellent DH line as a variety to be popularized in a large area;
genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data for DH lines of the first year, the primary, and the superior yield trials in the development variety section are provided to a Genome Selection (GS) training set in the population improvement section to further guide the GS for the next cycle.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The crop population improvement and variety breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
group improvement: parent selection is carried out on the basis of whole genome selection by utilizing candidate germplasm to obtain a parent with a high breeding value, half siblings in an isolation region of the parent with the high breeding value are hybridized to obtain hybrid populations of F1, one part of each hybrid F1 is used for the next population improvement cycle, and the other part is used for developing excellent varieties or inbred lines;
developing excellent varieties: f1 is subjected to haploid induction technology to form a DH line, the DH line is planted to perform a first yield test or a high-yield DH line is screened out based on whole genome selection, the high-yield DH line is planted to perform a primary yield test or a high breeding value DH line is screened out based on whole genome selection, the high breeding value DH line is planted to perform a high yield test, an excellent DH line is screened out to participate in a national area test or an excellent yield test, and an excellent DH line is screened out to be used as a variety to be promoted in a large area or an excellent hybrid parent;
the multi-years multipoint phenotype and genotype of the high-yield DH line are further provided to the group improvement whole genome selection training group for improving the prediction precision of the group improvement whole genome selection;
the performing parental selection based on whole genome selection includes: dividing the candidate germplasm into two parts, namely a male parent group and a female parent group, carrying out genotype identification on all the candidate germplasm, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, selecting male parent and female parent corresponding to the optimal dominant combination based on the whole genome, and selecting male parent and female parent corresponding to the corresponding groups as high breeding value parents;
the further providing of the years of the multi-point phenotype and genotype of the high-yielding DH line into the population-improved whole genome selection training population comprises: genotype and multi-year multi-point phenotype data of DH lines of the first yield experiment, the primary yield experiment and the high-grade yield experiment in the step of developing the excellent variety are provided to a whole genome selection training set of a population improvement part to further guide whole genome selection of the next cycle.
2. The method for crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 1, wherein the population improvement is carried out twice a year.
3. The method of crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 1, wherein the half-sibling crossing within the high breeding value parental isolation region comprises: the male parent and the female parent with high breeding value are planted in an isolation area at intervals of rows, male parent pollen is selected randomly for pollination before pollen scattering of the female parent, more than 50 seeds are produced by each hybridization combination, and 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations are formed by harvesting female parent seeds according to single ears.
4. The method for crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 3, wherein said selecting a portion of each hybrid F1 for the next population improvement cycle comprises: taking 30 seeds from each single spike of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations as candidate germplasm and putting the candidate germplasm into the next round of population improvement;
the taking of another part for developing a elite variety or inbred line includes: 20 seeds were harvested per spike in 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations for use in developing elite varieties or inbred lines.
5. The method of crop plant population improvement and variety selection according to claim 4, wherein said forming a DH line using F1 using haploid induction techniques comprises: 20 seeds per cluster of 100 half-sibling F1 hybrid populations generated with population improvement, using haploid induction techniques to generate 100 xn DH lines, wherein the N is 30-80.
6. The method of crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 5, wherein said planting DH lines for a first yield test or screening high yielding DH lines based on whole genome selection comprises: planting 100 XN DH lines in double rows in a cell, wherein a single plant is taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the single plant is reserved as a DH line for propagation, and a high-yield stress-tolerant DH line is screened out according to indexes such as the yield, the growth period, the lodging reverse fold rate and the like of the cell;
or carrying out genotype identification on 100 XN DH lines, taking early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and selecting dominant DH lines which produce optimal yield and comprehensive properties based on whole genome, and directly entering the primary yield test.
7. The method of crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 6, wherein said planting the high-yielding DH line for a primary yield test or selecting the high-breeding value DH line based on whole genome selection comprises: planting high-yield DH lines in double rows in a cell, wherein a single plant is taken in one row for artificial self-pollination, the single plant is reserved as a DH line for propagation expansion, and the DH line with a high breeding value is screened according to indexes such as the yield, the growth period, the lodging reverse folding rate and the like of the cell;
or carrying out genotype identification on the DH line with high yield, taking the early phenotype and genotype accumulation data as training groups, and selecting the DH line with the highest yield breeding value based on the whole genome to enter a high yield test.
8. The method of crop population improvement and variety selection according to claim 7, wherein said planting a high breeding value DH line for a high yield test comprises: and (3) respectively planting the DH lines with the high breeding value in a high-yield test area, and screening out excellent DH lines according to the yield, the growth period, the plant type, the mechanical harvest property and the lodging reverse folding rate of the cells.
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