CN115312699A - Carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and secondary battery - Google Patents

Carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115312699A
CN115312699A CN202210947948.2A CN202210947948A CN115312699A CN 115312699 A CN115312699 A CN 115312699A CN 202210947948 A CN202210947948 A CN 202210947948A CN 115312699 A CN115312699 A CN 115312699A
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carbon
silicon
improved
active material
battery
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Inventor
徐能强
高峰
张要枫
赵冬梅
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Hubei Titanium Era New Energy Co Ltd
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Hubei Titanium Era New Energy Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and a secondary battery. In the technical scheme, the silicon substrate is adopted for carbon doping, so that the expansion of a silicon cathode can be further inhibited, the lithium intercalation capacity is effectively improved, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the energy density of the battery is improved, meanwhile, the rolling compaction is enlarged, the crushing of active substance particles is reduced, the problem of over-small porosity is solved, a carbon coating layer formed on the surface reduces the specific surface area of a carbon layer, and the irreversible loss caused by an SEI film is better stabilized. Therefore, the problems of first coulombic efficiency and energy density are further improved, the expansion and shrinkage of the volume in the charging and discharging process can be elastically buffered by utilizing the carbon material, the reversible capacity of the silicon cathode material of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the cycle stability is improved.

Description

Carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and secondary battery
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electrode materials, in particular to a carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and a secondary battery.
Background
With the rapid development of the lithium battery industry, the stability of the pole piece inside the battery is selected to be higher while the battery is safe and high in energy density. The cathode material is an important component of the lithium ion battery, and directly influences key indexes such as energy density and safety performance of the battery. While the traditional cathode materials (artificial graphite and natural graphite) cannot meet the design improvement of the high-energy-density battery, and the silicon-based material serving as the cathode material with high energy density becomes a new focus for enterprises and various scientific research institutions. The specific capacity of the currently known materials is the highest (4200 mAh/g), and is far larger than the theoretical capacity of a carbon material (372 mAh/g); meanwhile, silicon is more reliable in the aspect of safety compared with graphite as a negative electrode, but silicon is directly used as a negative electrode material, the lithium intercalation potential of silicon is low, the manufacturing cost on the cost is very high, the requirement on the production and manufacturing environment is also very high, meanwhile, an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film on the surface of silicon particles is broken and regenerated, a large amount of lithium is consumed, the first effect is low, the capacity is difficult to release in a short period, and the problem that the lithium intercalation capacity is improved and the electronic conductivity is improved is effectively solved by mixing the silicon-based material and a carbon material.
In the above related art, the cycle stability of the carbon-silicon negative active material needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and a secondary battery, which can improve cycle stability.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a carbon-silicon negative electrode active material, which is obtained by heat-treating a silicon-based negative electrode material with the addition of graphite.
Optionally, the adding amount of the graphite is 10-20wt%, and the total mass of the graphite powder and the silicon-based material is 100wt%.
Optionally, the temperature of the heat treatment is 100-200 ℃, and the time of the heat treatment is 2-4 h.
Optionally, the heat treatment is further followed by heat and pressure maintaining treatment.
Optionally, the time of the heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment is 2-6 h.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a secondary battery comprising a carbon-silicon anode active material as described above.
According to the carbon-silicon cathode active material and the secondary battery, the silicon substrate is adopted for carbon doping, so that the expansion of the silicon cathode can be further inhibited, the lithium intercalation capacity is effectively improved, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the energy density of the battery is improved, meanwhile, the rolling compaction is increased, the crushing of active substance particles is reduced, the problem of over-small porosity is solved, the carbon coating layer formed on the surface is used for reducing the specific surface area of a carbon layer, and the irreversible loss caused by an SEI film is better stabilized. Therefore, the problems of first coulombic efficiency and energy density are further improved, the expansion and shrinkage of the volume in the charging and discharging process can be elastically buffered by utilizing the carbon material, the reversible capacity of the silicon cathode material of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the cycle stability is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically, electrically or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the application. To simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Moreover, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.
<Preparation of negative active material>
S1, preprocessing, namely adding 10-20% of graphite powder (taking the total mass of the graphite powder and the silicon-based material as 100 wt%) into a silicon-based material sold in the market, stirring and fusing the materials, and then baking at a high temperature for set temperature of 100-200 ℃ for 2h 4h. Then inert gas is adopted for heat preservation and pressure maintaining for 2-6 h. After the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ which is the normal temperature, screening, cleaning, crushing and drying treatment are carried out by vibrating a 150-mesh screen, and partial impurities in the screen are removed, thus being beneficial to finishing the pre-oxidation process of the carbon-containing raw material.
And S2, after the temperature is reduced to the normal temperature of 25 ℃, screening, cleaning, crushing and drying are carried out through a 150-mesh vibrating screen, and part of impurities in the screen are removed, so that the carbon-containing raw material can be favorably subjected to a preoxidation process.
The following table shows anode active materials of different specific examples, which differ only in the relevant process conditions in the above-described S1, while S2 is the same.
TABLE 1 Anode active Material of different embodiments
Graphite addition (%) Baking temperature (. Degree.C.) Baking time (h) Heat preservation pressure maintaining time (h)
Example 1 10 350 3 4
Example 2 15 350 3 4
Example 3 20 350 3 4
Comparative example 1 0 100 4 6
Example 4 15 600 2 2
Example 5 15 350 3 Default temp. and pressure keeping
<Preparation of sodium ion secondary battery>
S1, preparing a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material. The proportion parameters of the anode raw materials are as follows: 94.49 to 96.50 percent of ternary (Li (NiCoMn) O2), 2 to 2.5 percent of conductive agent consisting of conductive carbon black and carbon nano tubes and 2.65 to 3.2 percent of binder, wherein the ternary (Li (NiCoMn) O2) is a ternary composite material, the specific surface area is less than or equal to 0.270m2/g, the tap density is more than or equal to 0.80g/cm3, and the moisture content is less than or equal to 800ppm. (2) the proportioning parameters of the cathode raw materials are as follows: the content of the anode material after silicon-carbon pretreatment is 95.64%, the conductive agent consisting of conductive carbon black and carbon nano tubes is 2% -2.5%, the binder is 1.5% -2%, the specific surface area is less than or equal to 2.0m2/g, the tap density is more than or equal to 0.70g/cm3, and the water content is less than or equal to 1000ppm.
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of the raw materials of the anode, the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
step a): dissolving a binder in an N-methyl pyrrolidone (chemical formula is abbreviated as NMP) solvent to prepare a binding solution with the mass fraction of 10%, and then dissolving the carbon nano tube and a dispersing agent in the NMP solvent to prepare conductive slurry;
step b): dissolving the conductive slurry and the dried conductive carbon black in the binding liquid, stirring for 45min, adding the dried ternary (Li (NiCoMn) O2) anode material, supplementing a proper amount of NMP solvent to adjust the solid content to 65%, and continuously stirring for 4h;
step c): evacuating and degassing for 30min under slow stirring to obtain the lithium ion battery anode slurry, and drying to obtain the lithium ion battery anode slurry.
According to the anode raw material proportion provided above, the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
step a): dissolving a binder in an N-methyl pyrrolidone (chemical formula is abbreviated as NMP) solvent to prepare a binding solution with the mass fraction of 10%, and then dissolving the carbon nano tube and a dispersing agent in the NMP solvent to prepare conductive slurry;
step b): dissolving the conductive slurry and the dried conductive carbon black in the binding solution, stirring for 45min, adding the pretreated hard carbon negative electrode material, supplementing a proper amount of aqueous solvent to adjust the solid content to 52%, and continuously stirring for 4h;
step c): evacuating and degassing for 30min under slow stirring to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode slurry, and drying to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode slurry. .
S2, assembling the battery: coating the positive electrode slurry on an aluminum foil with the thickness of 12-15 mu m, coating the negative electrode slurry carbon material on a foil with the thickness of 6-8 mu m, coating, rolling the foil, obtaining a positive plate and a negative plate after the coating and the rolling coefficient (3.4 of the positive electrode/1.2 of the negative electrode), cutting and baking, assembling the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate by a winding process, putting the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate into an aluminum shell for four-edge sealing, injecting lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte through a top vent after baking, and sealing and shaping steel balls by preforming and knocking to finally form the battery.
<Evaluation of>
The following calculations were performed for batteries made of the negative electrode materials of the different specific examples described above: the coulombic efficiency is calculated for the first time (charging capacity/discharging capacity) by 100 percent and the cycle performance is tested (the constant current and the constant voltage are 0.1C and 0.1C at normal temperature, the constant current is discharged to the set voltage value, and the charging and discharging voltage is limited to 3.0V-4.2V). Note: c represents the rated capacity value (mAh) of the battery. .
The test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 Low temperature test Properties
Figure BDA0003788069020000051
As can be seen from table 2, the capacity retention of the sample corresponding to example 1 is significantly better than that of the battery sample of the hard carbon material without heat treatment, which fully illustrates the technical contribution of the cycle stability of the negative active material obtained by heat treatment in the present application.
The capacity retention rate of the sample corresponding to the example 1 is obviously better than that of the sample corresponding to the comparative example 1, which fully illustrates the technical contribution of adding graphite doping in the heat treatment of the application to the cycle stability.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. The carbon-silicon negative electrode active material is characterized by being obtained by carrying out heat treatment on a silicon-based negative electrode material under the addition of graphite.
2. The carbon-silicon negative electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the graphite is added in an amount of 10 to 20wt% based on 100wt% of the total mass of the graphite powder and the silicon-based material.
3. The carbon-silicon anode active material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 100 ℃ to 200 ℃ and the heat treatment time is 2h to 4h.
4. The carbon-silicon anode active material according to claim 1, further comprising a heat and pressure maintaining treatment after the heat treatment.
5. The carbon-silicon anode active material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the time of the heat and pressure maintaining treatment is 2-6 h.
6. A secondary battery having the carbon-silicon negative active material according to claim 1.
CN202210947948.2A 2022-08-09 2022-08-09 Carbon-silicon negative electrode active material and secondary battery Pending CN115312699A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102623682A (en) * 2012-04-12 2012-08-01 天津理工大学 Process for producing silicon-based carbon composite material for lithium ion battery cathode
CN106935815A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-07-07 陕西六元碳晶股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of Si-C composite material
CN111653745A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-09-11 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode precursor material, silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN114361419A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-15 湖北钛时代新能源有限公司 Square cylindrical silicon-carbon battery and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102623682A (en) * 2012-04-12 2012-08-01 天津理工大学 Process for producing silicon-based carbon composite material for lithium ion battery cathode
CN106935815A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-07-07 陕西六元碳晶股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of Si-C composite material
CN111653745A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-09-11 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode precursor material, silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN114361419A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-15 湖北钛时代新能源有限公司 Square cylindrical silicon-carbon battery and preparation method thereof

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