CN115312212A - Horizontal critical device and emergency shutdown protection system - Google Patents
Horizontal critical device and emergency shutdown protection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115312212A CN115312212A CN202211005390.2A CN202211005390A CN115312212A CN 115312212 A CN115312212 A CN 115312212A CN 202211005390 A CN202211005390 A CN 202211005390A CN 115312212 A CN115312212 A CN 115312212A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
- G21C9/033—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency by an absorbent fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an emergency shutdown protection system of a horizontal critical device, which comprises a plurality of shutdown protection units for circulating neutron poison solution, wherein each shutdown protection unit comprises a poison channel, a storage box and a receiving box, the poison channel is arranged in a reactor core structure of the horizontal critical device in a penetrating mode, the storage box is connected with one end of the poison channel and is positioned above the reactor core structure, the receiving box is connected with the other end of the poison channel and is positioned below the reactor core structure, the storage box is used for storing the neutron poison solution and enabling the neutron poison solution to flow into the poison channel when emergency shutdown protection is triggered, and the receiving box is used for receiving the neutron poison solution flowing out of the poison channel after emergency shutdown protection is finished. The invention also discloses a horizontal critical device. The scram protection system can realize passive scram protection of the horizontal critical device under the condition that the height of the horizontal critical device is not remarkably increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear engineering, and particularly relates to a horizontal critical device and an emergency shutdown protection system.
Background
A nuclear reactor is a device capable of maintaining a controlled, self-sustaining, chain-type nuclear fission reaction and achieving nuclear energy utilization. At present, most of nuclear reactors are designed in a vertical mode, and the vertical core (namely, the vertical core) is usually high in height and is not beneficial to arrangement. For this reason, researchers have proposed the design of horizontal cores. Compared with a vertical reactor core, the horizontal reactor core has shorter height, is more convenient to arrange, can even meet the design requirement of a movable reactor, and has obvious advantages.
For reactivity control of a horizontal reactor or a horizontal critical device, if a control rod structure form adopted in most of the conventional reactors is adopted, the overall design size of the horizontal reactor is large due to the fact that the control rods need to have completely proposed conditions. To this end, researchers have proposed reactivity regulating versions of multi-section control drums, modular control rod drive versions, rotating control rod assembly versions, and the like.
For the design of emergency shutdown protection, researchers propose a method for floating neutron absorption spheres in heavy metal coolant, but the method is not suitable for a gas cooled reactor or a water cooled reactor, and if a control rod structure form adopted by most of the traditional reactors is adopted, the height of the horizontal reactor core is larger, and the advantage that the height of the horizontal reactor core is shorter is weakened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a horizontal critical device and an emergency shutdown protection system, which can realize passive emergency shutdown protection of the horizontal critical device without remarkably increasing the height of the horizontal critical device.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
according to one aspect of the invention, an emergency shutdown protection system of a horizontal critical device is provided, which comprises a plurality of shutdown protection units for circulating a neutron poison solution, wherein each shutdown protection unit comprises a poison channel, a storage tank and a receiving tank, the poison channel is arranged in a reactor core structure of the horizontal critical device in a penetrating manner, the storage tank is connected with one end of the poison channel and is positioned above the reactor core structure, the receiving tank is connected with the other end of the poison channel and is positioned below the reactor core structure, the storage tank is used for storing the neutron poison solution and enabling the neutron poison solution to flow into the poison channel when emergency shutdown protection is triggered, and the receiving tank is used for receiving the neutron poison solution flowing out from the poison channel after emergency shutdown protection is finished.
Preferably, the system further comprises a poison transfer device, wherein the poison transfer device is respectively connected with the receiving tank and the storage tank and is used for conveying the neutron poison solution received in the receiving tank back to the storage tank for reuse after the completion of the emergency shutdown protection and before the core is restored to operation.
Preferably, the poison channel is vertically arranged in the core structure; or the poison channel comprises a horizontal section and a vertical section, and two ends of the horizontal section are respectively connected with the storage box and the receiving box through a vertical section.
Preferably, the cross section of the poison channel is one of circular, oval and square.
Preferably, the poison channel is made of any one of titanium alloy, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy and stainless steel.
Preferably, the effective volume of both the storage tank and the receiving tank is greater than the volume of the poison channel.
Preferably, the neutron poison solution is one or a combination of more of a boron-containing solution, a gadolinium-containing solution, a cadmium-containing solution, a europium-containing solution and a hafnium-containing solution.
Preferably, the shutdown protection unit further comprises a negative pressure pumping device or an exhaust device, wherein:
the negative pressure pumping device is connected with the poison channel and used for pumping negative pressure to the poison channel before emergency shutdown protection is triggered so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process through the pressure difference between the storage tank and the poison channel;
the exhaust device is connected with the poison channel and used for exhausting gas in the poison channel in the emergency shutdown protection process so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process by reducing the pressure of the poison channel in the emergency shutdown protection process.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a horizontal supercritical apparatus comprising a core structure and further comprising the scram protection system described above.
According to the emergency shutdown protection system of the horizontal critical device, disclosed by the invention, the neutron poison solution quickly flows into the reactor core structure of the horizontal critical device under the action of gravity, sufficient negative reactivity can be introduced, and the rapid shutdown is realized.
The horizontal critical device comprises the emergency shutdown protection system, so that rapid shutdown can be realized, and passive emergency shutdown protection can be realized without remarkably increasing the height of the horizontal critical device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency shutdown protection system of a horizontal critical apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention, where the horizontal critical apparatus is in a normal operation state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an scram protection system of a horizontal type critical device in scram protection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the scram protection system of the horizontal type critical apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention when completing scram protection.
In the figure: 1-a storage tank; 2-an outlet control valve; 3-a poison channel; 4-an inlet control valve; 5-a receiving box; 6-core structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an emergency shutdown protection system for a horizontal type critical apparatus, which includes a plurality of shutdown protection units for circulating a soluble neutron poison solution (neutron poison solution for short), each shutdown protection unit includes a poison channel 3, a storage tank 1, and a receiving tank 5, wherein:
the poison channel 3 penetrates through a reactor core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device, an outlet is arranged at the bottom of the storage tank 1, an outlet control valve 2 is arranged on the outlet of the storage tank 1, the outlet of the storage tank 1 is connected with one end of the poison channel 3 and is positioned above the reactor core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device, an inlet is arranged at the top of the receiving tank 5, an inlet control valve 4 is arranged on the inlet of the receiving tank 5, the inlet of the receiving tank 5 is connected with the other end of the poison channel 3 and is positioned below the reactor core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device, the storage tank 1 is used for storing neutron poison solution and enabling the neutron poison solution to flow into the poison channel 3 when emergency shutdown protection is triggered, and the receiving tank 5 is used for receiving the neutron poison solution flowing out of the poison channel 3 after the emergency shutdown protection is finished.
Specifically, in normal operation of the horizontal type critical apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, the outlet control valve 2 on the storage tank 1 and the inlet control valve 4 on the receiver tank 5 are both in a closed state. When the horizontal critical device enters shutdown, that is, emergency shutdown protection is triggered, as shown in fig. 2, the outlet control valve 2 on the storage tank 1 is switched to an open state, so that the neutron poison solution in the storage tank 1 passively and rapidly flows into and fills the poison channel 3 penetrating through the core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device under the action of gravity, thereby enabling the horizontal critical device to realize shutdown and realize passive emergency shutdown protection. After the scram protection is completed, as shown in fig. 3, the inlet control valve 4 on the receiving tank 5 is switched to an open state, so that the neutron poison solution in the poison channel 3 and the residual neutron poison solution in the storage tank 1 passively and rapidly flow into the receiving tank 5 under the action of gravity. When the neutron poison solution in the poison channel 3 completely flows out, the outlet control valve 2 on the storage tank 1 and the inlet control valve 4 on the receiving tank 5 are switched to be in a closed state so as to be used for the next time.
In this embodiment, the outlet control valve 2 and the inlet control valve 5 may be valves capable of being opened actively, such as electric valves, or valves capable of being opened passively, such as burst valves.
In some embodiments, the system further comprises a poison transfer device (not shown) connected to the receiving tank 5 and the storage tank 1, respectively, for transferring the neutron poison solution received in the receiving tank 5 back to the storage tank 1 after completion of the emergency shutdown protection and before the core resumes operation, for reuse when the emergency shutdown protection is next triggered.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the poison channel 3 may be disposed vertically throughout the core structure 6 of the horizontal supercritical apparatus as a whole.
In other embodiments, the poison channel 3 includes a horizontal section and a vertical section (not shown in the figures), both ends of the horizontal section are hermetically connected with the storage tank and the receiving tank through a vertical section, and the horizontal section and the vertical section are hermetically connected in a bent pipe manner, that is, a part of the poison channel 3 can also be vertically arranged in the core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device, and the other part of the poison channel can be arranged in the core structure 6 of the horizontal critical device in parallel.
In some embodiments, the cross-section of the poison channel 3 is one or a combination of circular, oval, square and any other shape, that is, the poison channel 3 can be a cylindrical tube, an oval tube, a square tube, and the like.
In this embodiment, the poison channel 3 is preferably a square pipe arranged in the longitudinal direction of the core structure 6 of the vertical and horizontal critical apparatus.
In some embodiments, the poison channel 3 is made of any one of titanium alloy, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, and stainless steel.
In some embodiments, the effective volume of both the storage tank 1 and the receiving tank 5 is greater than the volume of the poison channel 3 to ensure that the neutron poison solution stored in the storage tank 1 can sufficiently fill the entire poison channel 3 and that the receiving tank 5 can completely receive the neutron poison solution flowing from the poison channel 3 and the storage tank 1.
In some embodiments, the neutron poison solution is one or a combination of boron containing solution, gadolinium containing solution, cadmium containing solution, europium containing solution, and hafnium containing solution.
It should be noted that, when selecting the neutron poison solution, the expected temperature field and radiation field distribution should be considered to ensure that the neutron poison solution has good fluidity, and the situations of condensation, crystallization, boiling and the like are avoided.
In the embodiment, the neutron poison solution is preferably a gadolinium-containing solution, and through calculation, during emergency shutdown protection, negative reactivity of more than 2500pcm can be introduced through a plurality of shutdown protection units, and the sufficient negative reactivity can realize the rapid shutdown of the horizontal critical device, and the neutron poison solution is kept in the reactor core structure due to the action of gravity, so that the reactor core structure can be ensured to be in a reactivity controllable state all the time.
In some embodiments, the shutdown protection unit further comprises a negative pressure pumping device or an air exhaust device (not shown in the figures), wherein: the negative pressure pumping device is connected with the poison channel 3 and is used for pumping negative pressure to the poison channel 3 before emergency shutdown protection is triggered so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process through the pressure difference between the storage box 1 and the poison channel 3; the exhaust device is connected with the poison channel 3 and used for exhausting gas in the poison channel 3 in the emergency shutdown protection process so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process by reducing the pressure of the poison channel 3 in the emergency shutdown protection process.
Specifically, the poison passage 3 is provided with an air outlet (not shown in the figure) at a position higher than the fuel assembly in the horizontal type critical device, for example, a position close to the storage tank 1, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet control valve (not shown in the figure), and the negative pressure pumping device and the exhaust device are connected with the air outlet on the poison passage 3.
When a negative pressure pumping device is adopted, before the emergency shutdown protection is triggered, the gas outlet control valve is opened, the negative pressure pumping device is started to pump negative pressure to the poison channel 3, and when the preset negative pressure value is reached, the gas outlet control valve and the negative pressure pumping device are closed, and when the emergency shutdown protection is triggered, the outlet control valve 2 on the storage box 1 is opened, so that the neutron poison solution in the storage box 1 can passively flow into the poison channel 3 under the action of gravity on the basis of the action of the pressure difference between the storage box 1 and the poison channel 3, and flows into the poison channel 3 at a higher speed, namely, the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution is improved.
When the exhaust device is adopted, after the emergency shutdown protection is triggered, the neutron poison solution in the storage box 1 passively flows into the poison channel 3 under the action of gravity, at the moment, the neutron poison solution flowing into the poison channel 3 is more and more, the pressure in the poison channel 3 can be increased, the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution is reduced, even the problem that the neutron poison solution cannot flow into the poison channel 3 due to the fact that positive pressure relative to the storage box 1 is generated in the poison channel 3 can be caused, the air control valve is opened, the exhaust device is started to exhaust the poison channel 3, the problem that the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution is reduced or the neutron poison solution cannot flow into the poison channel 3 due to the fact that the pressure in the poison channel 3 is increased due to the fact that the neutron poison solution flows into the poison channel 3 can be prevented, and the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution is increased. And before the liquid level of the neutron poison solution in the poison channel 3 is close to the position of the air outlet, closing the air outlet control valve and the exhaust device.
In this embodiment, the negative pressure pumping device employs a negative pressure vacuum pump, and the exhaust device employs a pressure safety valve.
According to the emergency shutdown protection system of the horizontal critical device, the neutron poison solution quickly flows into the core structure of the horizontal critical device under the action of gravity, sufficient negative reactivity can be introduced, and rapid shutdown is realized.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a horizontal critical device, which comprises a core structure 6 and the scram protection system described in embodiment 1.
Specifically, taking a horizontal critical apparatus containing 17 fuel assemblies as an example, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the core structure 6 is in the form of a horizontally arranged cylinder in which the 17 fuel assemblies and necessary structures such as a sleeve, a shroud, a basket and a shield are arranged, and light water is used as a moderator. Poison channels 3 of each shutdown protection unit in the scram protection system are respectively arranged on two sides of the fuel assembly in the central position. The storage tank 1 in each shutdown protection unit is arranged at the top of the reactor core structure 6, and the receiving tank 5 in each shutdown protection unit is arranged at the bottom of the reactor core structure 6.
The horizontal critical device of this embodiment, including the scram protection system described in embodiment 1, can realize a fast scram, and can realize a passive scram protection without significantly increasing the height of the horizontal critical device
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An emergency shutdown protection system of a horizontal critical device is characterized by comprising a plurality of shutdown protection units for circulating neutron poison solution, wherein each shutdown protection unit comprises a poison channel (3), a storage box (1) and a receiving box (5),
the poison channel is arranged in a reactor core structure (6) of the horizontal critical device in a penetrating way, the storage tank is connected with one end of the poison channel and is positioned above the reactor core structure, the receiving tank is connected with the other end of the poison channel and is positioned below the reactor core structure,
the storage tank is used for storing the neutron poison solution and enabling the neutron poison solution to flow into the poison channel when emergency shutdown protection is triggered,
the receiving box is used for receiving the neutron poison solution flowing out of the poison channel after the emergency shutdown protection is finished.
2. The scram protection system of a horizontal critical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a poison transfer apparatus,
the poison transfer device is respectively connected with the receiving box and the storage box and is used for conveying the neutron poison solution received in the receiving box back to the storage box for reuse after the completion of the emergency shutdown protection and before the recovery of the reactor core.
3. The scram protection system of the horizontal critical apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the poison channel is vertically disposed in the core structure; or the poison channel comprises a horizontal section and a vertical section, and two ends of the horizontal section are respectively connected with the storage box and the receiving box through one vertical section.
4. The scram protection system of the horizontal type critical apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross section of the poison channel is one of circular, oval and square.
5. The scram protection system of the horizontal type critical apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the poison channel is one of titanium alloy, zirconium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, and stainless steel.
6. The scram protection system for horizontal critical apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the effective volume of the storage tank and the receiving tank are both larger than the volume of the poison channel.
7. The scram protection system for a horizontal critical apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the neutron poison solution is one or a combination of boron-containing solution, gadolinium-containing solution, cadmium-containing solution, europium-containing solution and hafnium-containing solution.
8. The scram protection system of a horizontal type critical device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scram protection unit further comprises a negative pressure pumping device or an exhaust device,
the negative pressure pumping device is connected with the poison channel and used for pumping negative pressure to the poison channel before emergency shutdown protection is triggered so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process through the pressure difference between the storage tank and the poison channel;
the exhaust device is connected with the poison channel and used for exhausting gas in the poison channel in the emergency shutdown protection process so as to improve the inflow speed of the neutron poison solution in the emergency shutdown protection process by reducing the pressure of the poison channel in the emergency shutdown protection process.
9. A horizontal critical apparatus comprising a core structure (6) and further comprising the scram protection system of any of claims 1-8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211005390.2A CN115312212A (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2022-08-22 | Horizontal critical device and emergency shutdown protection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211005390.2A CN115312212A (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2022-08-22 | Horizontal critical device and emergency shutdown protection system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115312212A true CN115312212A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211005390.2A Pending CN115312212A (en) | 2022-08-22 | 2022-08-22 | Horizontal critical device and emergency shutdown protection system |
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| CN (1) | CN115312212A (en) |
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- 2022-08-22 CN CN202211005390.2A patent/CN115312212A/en active Pending
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