CN115305391B - Low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, which relate to the technical field of casting aluminum alloy, and the preparation method of the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following steps: firstly weighing raw materials according to mass percentage, adding Sr and Ti into the raw materials, layering the raw materials in a crucible, then placing the crucible in a smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, preprocessing the smelting furnace, then turning on a power supply of the smelting furnace, heating in stages to start smelting and casting alloy to obtain an as-cast sample, and finally carrying out natural aging treatment and low-temperature short-time efficient treatment on the as-cast sample to obtain an alloy sample. According to the invention, the modified element Sr and the refined element Ti are cooperatively added into the Al-Si-Mg alloy, and the alloy is subjected to aging treatment, so that the microstructure of the alloy can be effectively improved, the alloy strength can be improved, and the application range of the alloy can be enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cast aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to cope with global warming and realize green low-carbon high-quality development, china proposes a double-carbon target in 2020 month 9 so as to reduce carbon emission and reduce environmental pollution. Automobiles inevitably take responsibility for reducing carbon emission as energy consumption consumers. The development of 'replacing steel with aluminum' or even the development of an all-aluminum vehicle body is hopeful to reduce the dead weight of the vehicle, realize the light weight of the vehicle and reduce the energy consumption.
As an important aluminum alloy, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is widely applied to the field of automobiles due to the characteristics of good castability, formability, mechanical properties, low density and the like, and the superiority of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is mainly attributed to microstructure formed in the casting process, and the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with target performance is obtained in the world by regulating and controlling the microstructure of the alloy.
At present, the A356.2 aluminum alloy in the American ASTMB108 standard comprises the main alloy components of 6.5-7.5% by mass of Si, 0.25-0.45% by mass of Mg and 0.08-0.20% by mass of Ti, wherein the main impurity elements are less than or equal to 0.20% by mass of Fe, less than or equal to 0.20% by mass of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% by mass of Mn, less than or equal to 0.10% by mass of Zn, and the balance of Al. A356.2 aluminum alloy has a wide application range, but the strength is not high, so how to regulate the microstructure of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy to obtain aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption and high strength is always a problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, the modified element Sr and the refined element Ti are cooperatively added into the Al-Si-Mg alloy, and the alloy is subjected to low-temperature short-time effective treatment, so that the microstructure of the alloy can be effectively improved, the alloy strength can be improved, and the application range of the alloy can be enlarged.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical methods: the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Si 6.0～8.0wt.％；
Mg 0.20～0.5wt.％；
Sr 0.001～0.05wt.％；
Ti 0.1-0.3wt.％；
Fe≤0.2wt.％；
Zn≤0.2wt.％；
Zr≤0.15wt.％；
Be≤0.1wt.％；
Sn≤0.05wt.％；
Mn≤0.1wt.％；
Cu≤0.1wt.％；
Pb≤0.02wt.％；
other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each, 0.1wt.% or less in total, and the balance of Al.
Further, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0wt.% Si, 0.42wt.% Mg, 0.005wt.% Sr, 0.20wt.% Ti, 0.13wt.% fe, 0.11wt.% Zn, 0.12wt.% Zr, 0.08wt.% Be, 0.04wt.% Sn, 0.08wt.% Mn, 0.1wt.% Cu, 0.01wt.% pb0, other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each kind, 0.1wt.% or less of the alloy, and the balance of Al.
Further, the yield strength of the aluminum silicon magnesium is 148.7-160.7 MPa, the maximum stress is 424-624.4 MPa, and the strain is 27.5-51.0%.
As another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 6 to 8.0wt.% of silicon, 0.20 to 0.5wt.% of magnesium, 0.001 to 0.05wt.% of strontium, 0.1 to 0.3wt.% of titanium, less than or equal to 0.2wt.% of iron, less than or equal to 0.2wt.% of zinc, less than or equal to 0.15wt.% of zirconium, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of beryllium, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% of tin, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of copper, less than or equal to 0.02wt.% of lead; other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each, combined to 0.1wt.%; the balance of aluminum;
step S2, layering raw materials in a crucible: spreading one third to one half of aluminum particles at the bottom of the crucible, spreading magnesium particles above the aluminum particles, uniformly spreading silicon particles and other particles except the rest aluminum particles, and finally covering the rest aluminum particles above the other particles;
step S3, pretreatment of a smelting furnace: placing the crucible in a smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, then starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the smelting furnace, charging high-purity argon gas for gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and charging argon gas as protective gas until the gas pressure in the furnace is 500Pa;
step S4, smelting and casting: the power supply of the smelting furnace is turned on, the alloy is smelted by heating in stages, and the smelting process is as follows: firstly, heating for 240-280s by using 200-210A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 620-630 ℃, and beginning to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230-240A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 120-150s, the temperature in the furnace reaches 700-720 ℃, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 50-60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 55-60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245-255A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740-750 ℃, the holding time is 55-60s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 670-680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling;
step S5, post-casting treatment: after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace to the air pressure of 50Pa in the furnace, then filling argon, and taking out the furnace after the alloy is continuously cooled for 600-650s to obtain an as-cast sample;
step S6, natural aging treatment: aging the as-cast sample at room temperature for one year;
step S7, low-temperature short-time effect treatment: and (3) opening a box-type furnace power supply, opening a furnace door after the temperature in the furnace is stabilized at 180-190 ℃, placing the as-cast sample subjected to natural aging treatment in the step (S6) in the box-type furnace, performing aging treatment for 4-10 hours, taking out the sample, and performing air cooling to obtain an alloy sample.
Further, the aluminum particles weighed in the step S1 are
The purity of the columnar particles is more than or equal to 99.50 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon grain is 2-7mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.90%; the average grain diameter of the magnesium grains is 2-6mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%; the purity of the rest raw materials is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
Still further, the smelting furnace is a CXZG-0.5 type vacuum induction smelting furnace.
Further, the box-type furnace is a SX2-8-10NPXP type box-type crucible electric furnace.
Still further, in the step S7, when the as-cast sample is subjected to the low-temperature short-time aging treatment, the temperature in the furnace is 180 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10 hours.
Still further, in the step S2, the aluminum particles spread at the bottom of the crucible are one third of the total amount of the aluminum particles.
Preferably, in the step S4, when the alloy is melted by heating in stages: firstly, heating for 250s by using 200A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 630 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 150s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740 ℃, the holding time is 55s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
Preferably, in the step S5, after the casting is completed, the high temperature gas in the furnace is pumped out until the air pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, then argon is filled, and after the alloy is continuously cooled for 650S, the furnace is opened and taken out, so as to obtain an as-cast sample.
According to the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, the microstructure of the Al-Si-Mg alloy is effectively improved and the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved by adding the modified element Sr and the refined element Ti into the Al-Si-Mg alloy, and in addition, the second-phase particles separated out from the alloy can be used as the Al-Si-Mg alloy strengthening particles by adopting low-temperature aging treatment, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy, especially the alloy yield strength, is further improved.
The invention has low cost of alloy raw material because the added Sr is less and the Ti is low in price. In addition, the preparation process of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is simple, easy to realize and low in energy consumption, and particularly, the preparation method has the advantages that the requirements on the conditions required in the natural aging treatment process are low, the preparation method is easy to realize, compared with the traditional heat treatment mode, the natural aging treatment and the low-temperature short-time efficient treatment in the preparation method have the advantages that the consumed energy is greatly reduced, the equipment loss is low, and the casting and aging process cost is low.
Therefore, compared with the traditional aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy and the preparation method thereof, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with better microstructure and higher strength can be prepared while the energy consumption is reduced, and the application range of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy can be further expanded, and particularly, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy can be applied to automobile hubs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a low energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the properties of the low energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mechanical properties (stress-strain curve) of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 3 in the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a bright field image (fig. 4 (a)) and an HRTEM image (fig. 4 (b)) of example 3 in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is an optical microstructure of comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 3 in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples and drawings, to which reference is made, but which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 7.0wt.% Si, 0.42wt.% Mg, 0.005wt.% Sr, 0.20wt.% Ti, 0.13wt.% fe, 0.11wt.% Zn, 0.12wt.% Zr, 0.08wt.% Be, 0.04wt.% Sn, 0.08wt.% Mn, 0.1wt.% Cu, 0.01wt.% pb0, other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each kind, 0.1wt.% or less of the alloy, and the balance of Al. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe weighed aluminum particles are
The purity of the columnar particles is more than or equal to 99.50 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon grain is 2-7mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.90%; the average grain diameter of the magnesium grains is 2-6mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%; the purity of the rest raw materials is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
Step S2, layering raw materials in a crucible: and (3) spreading one third of aluminum particles at the bottom of the crucible, spreading magnesium particles above the aluminum particles, uniformly spreading silicon particles and other particles except the rest aluminum particles, and finally covering the rest aluminum particles above the other particles.
Step S3, pretreatment of a smelting furnace: placing the crucible in a CXZG-0.5 vacuum induction smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, then starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the smelting furnace, charging high-purity argon gas for gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and charging argon gas as protective gas until the gas pressure in the furnace is 500Pa.
Step S4, smelting and casting: starting a power supply of a smelting furnace, and heating up in stages to start smelting alloy: firstly, heating for 250s by using 200A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 630 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 150s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740 ℃, the holding time is 55s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
Step S5, post-casting treatment: and after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace to the air pressure of 50Pa in the furnace, then filling argon, and opening the furnace to take out after the alloy is continuously cooled for 650 seconds to obtain an as-cast sample.
The stress-strain curve of the as-cast sample obtained in this comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 3, the yield strength thereof is 97.5MPa, the maximum stress thereof is 184.4MPa, the strain thereof is 7.1%, and the microstructure thereof is shown in FIG. 4 (a).
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 7.0wt.% Si, 0.42wt.% Mg, 0.13wt.% fe, 0.11wt.% Zn, 0.12wt.% Zr, 0.08wt.% Be, 0.04wt.% Sn, 0.08wt.% Mn, 0.1wt.% Cu, 0.01wt.% pb0, other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each kind, 0.1wt.% or less of the alloy, and the balance of Al. Wherein the weighed aluminum particles are
The purity of the columnar particles is more than or equal to 99.50 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon grain is 2-7mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.90%; the average grain diameter of the magnesium grains is 2-6mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%; the purity of the rest raw materials is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
Step S2, layering raw materials in a crucible: and (3) spreading one third of aluminum particles at the bottom of the crucible, spreading magnesium particles above the aluminum particles, uniformly spreading silicon particles and other particles except the rest aluminum particles, and finally covering the rest aluminum particles above the other particles.
Step S3, pretreatment of a smelting furnace: placing the crucible in a CXZG-0.5 vacuum induction smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, then starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the smelting furnace, charging high-purity argon gas for gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and charging argon gas as protective gas until the gas pressure in the furnace is 500Pa.
Step S4, smelting and casting: starting a power supply of a smelting furnace, and heating up in stages to start smelting alloy: firstly, heating for 250s by using 200A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 630 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 150s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740 ℃, the holding time is 55s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
Step S5, post-casting treatment: and after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace to the air pressure of 50Pa in the furnace, then filling argon, and opening the furnace to take out after the alloy is continuously cooled for 650 seconds to obtain an as-cast sample.
Step S6, natural aging treatment: the as-cast samples were aged for one year at room temperature.
Step S7, low-temperature short-time effect treatment: and (3) turning on a power supply of a box-type furnace, wherein the box-type furnace is an SX2-8-10NPXP type box-type crucible electric furnace, turning on a furnace door after the temperature in the furnace is stabilized at 180 ℃, placing the as-cast sample subjected to natural aging treatment in the step S6 in the box-type furnace, aging for 10 hours, taking out the sample, and air cooling to obtain an alloy sample.
The stress-strain curve of the alloy sample obtained in this comparative example 2 is shown in FIG. 3, and the yield strength is 96.2MPa, the maximum stress is 170.5MPa, and the strain is 6.9%.
Example 1
A preparation method of low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 7.0wt.% Si, 0.42wt.% Mg, 0.005wt.% Sr, 0.20wt.% Ti, 0.13wt.% fe, 0.11wt.% Zn, 0.12wt.% Zr, 0.08wt.% Be, 0.04wt.% Sn, 0.08wt.% Mn, 0.1wt.% Cu, 0.01wt.% pb0, other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each kind, 0.1wt.% or less of the alloy, and the balance of Al. Wherein the weighed aluminum particles are
The purity of the columnar particles is more than or equal to 99.50 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon grain is 2-7mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.90%; the average grain diameter of the magnesium grains is 2-6mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%; the purity of the rest raw materials is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
Step S2, layering raw materials in a crucible: and (3) spreading one third of aluminum particles at the bottom of the crucible, spreading magnesium particles above the aluminum particles, uniformly spreading silicon particles and other particles except the rest aluminum particles, and finally covering the rest aluminum particles above the other particles.
Step S3, pretreatment of a smelting furnace: placing the crucible in a CXZG-0.5 vacuum induction smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, then starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the smelting furnace, charging high-purity argon gas for gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and charging argon gas as protective gas until the gas pressure in the furnace is 500Pa.
Step S4, smelting and casting: starting a power supply of a smelting furnace, and heating up in stages to start smelting alloy: firstly, heating for 250s by using 200A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 630 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 150s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740 ℃, the holding time is 55s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
Step S5, post-casting treatment: and after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace to the air pressure of 50Pa in the furnace, then filling argon, and opening the furnace to take out after the alloy is continuously cooled for 650 seconds to obtain an as-cast sample.
Step S6, natural aging treatment: the as-cast samples were aged for one year at room temperature.
Step S7, low-temperature short-time effect treatment: and (3) turning on a power supply of a box-type furnace, wherein the box-type furnace is an SX2-8-10NPXP type box-type crucible electric furnace, turning on a furnace door after the temperature in the furnace is stabilized at 180 ℃, placing the as-cast sample subjected to natural aging treatment in the step S6 in the box-type furnace, aging for 4 hours, taking out the sample, and air cooling to obtain an alloy sample.
The stress-strain curve of the alloy sample obtained in example 1 is shown in FIG. 3, the yield strength is 152.5MPa, the maximum stress is 624.4MPa, the strain is 51.0%, and the microstructure is shown in FIG. 4 (b).
Example 2
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 1, is different from example 1 in that:
1. the time for the low-temperature short-term effect treatment in step S7 is 7 hours.
2. The stress-strain curve of the alloy sample obtained in example 2 is shown in FIG. 3, and the yield strength is 148.7MPa, the maximum stress is 458.6MPa, and the strain is 32.6%.
Example 3
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 1, is different from example 1 in that:
1. the time for the low-temperature short-term effect treatment in step S7 is 10 hours.
2. The stress-strain curve of the alloy sample obtained in example 3 is shown in fig. 3, and the yield strength is 160.7MPa, the maximum stress is 424.0MPa, and the strain is 27.5%, wherein fig. 5 is the result of the characterization of the present example 3 by using the TEM technique.
Example 4
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. and (7) opening the furnace door after the temperature in the furnace for the low-temperature short-term effect treatment in the step (S7) is stabilized at 190 ℃.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 4 had a yield strength of 156.5MPa, a maximum stress of 450.1MPa and a strain of 31.1%.
Example 5
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 6.0wt.% of silicon, 0.20wt.% of magnesium, 0.001wt.% of strontium, 0.1wt.% of titanium, 0.06wt.% of iron, 0.02wt.% of zinc, 0.09wt.% of zirconium, 0.06wt.% of beryllium, 0.03wt.% of tin, 0.06wt.% of manganese, 0.08wt.% of copper, 0.01wt.% of lead; other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each, combined to 0.1wt.%; the balance being aluminum.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 5 had a yield strength of 155.4MPa, a maximum stress of 456.3MPa and a strain of 32.1%.
Example 6
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 8.0wt.% of silicon, 0.5wt.% of magnesium, 0.05wt.% of strontium, 0.3wt.% of titanium, 0.2wt.% of iron, 0.2wt.% of zinc, 0.15wt.% of zirconium, 0.1wt.% of beryllium, 0.05wt.% of tin, 0.1wt.% of manganese, 0.1wt.% of copper, 0.02wt.% of lead; other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each, combined to 0.1wt.%; the balance being aluminum.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 6 had a yield strength of 158.6MPa, a maximum stress of 431.2MPa and a strain of 28.1%.
Example 7
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. in the step S2, aluminum particles flatly paved at the bottom of the crucible are two thirds of the total amount of the aluminum particles.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 7 had a yield strength of 158.3MPa, a maximum stress of 436.9MPa and a strain of 29.5%.
Example 8
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. in step S4, when the alloy is melted by raising the temperature in stages: firstly, heating for 240s by using 205A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 620 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 235A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 120s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 50s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 55 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 250A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 745 ℃, the holding time is 57s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 670 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 8 had a yield strength of 155.9MPa, a maximum stress of 450.9MPa and a strain of 31.3%.
Example 9
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. in step S4, when the alloy is melted by raising the temperature in stages: firstly, heating for 280s by using 210A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 625 ℃, and starting to generate molten liquid in a crucible; then the current is increased to 240A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 130s, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 55s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are about 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is about 57 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 255A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 750 ℃, the holding time is 60s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 675 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 9 had a yield strength of 157.8MPa, a maximum stress of 440.6MPa and a strain of 30.1%.
Example 10
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. and S5, after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace until the air pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, then filling argon, and opening the furnace and taking out after the alloy is continuously cooled for 600 seconds to obtain an as-cast sample.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 10 had a yield strength of 154.2MPa, a maximum stress of 457.6MPa and a strain of 32.2%.
Example 11
A preparation method of aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption, referring to example 3, the difference from example 3 is that:
1. and S5, after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace until the air pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, then filling argon, and opening the furnace and taking out after the alloy is continuously cooled for 625 seconds to obtain an as-cast sample.
2. The alloy sample obtained in example 11 had a yield strength of 158.6MPa, a maximum stress of 431.3MPa and a strain of 28.1%.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, when determining the temperature of the low-temperature short-term treatment in step S7, as can be seen from the property diagram of the Al-Si-Mg alloy shown in FIG. 2, about 98% of Mg can be obtained when the present invention is subjected to the low-temperature short-term treatment at 180 ℃ 2 Al-Si-Mg alloy of Si phase, mg 2 The Si phase is an important strengthening phase of Al-Si-Mg alloy, and excessive temperature can lead to precipitated Mg 2 The precipitation amount of Si phase is greatly reduced, otherwise, mg precipitated at lower temperature 2 Si phase increases, but it is notable that too low a temperature results in Mg 2 The precipitation speed of Si is greatly reduced, so that the performance of the alloy is slightly improved, and therefore, the temperature for low-temperature short-time efficient treatment is optimal in the range of 180-190 ℃.
The foregoing comparative examples 1, 2 and examples 1-12 respectively demonstrate respective mechanical properties: comparing these data, it can be seen that the mechanical properties of yield strength and stress-strain of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy in examples 1 to 12 are greatly improved compared with those in comparative examples 1 and 2, which can effectively represent that the strength of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy of the invention is superior to that of the conventional as-cast alloy. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the mechanical properties of stress-strain of the Al-Si-Mg alloy obtained in examples 1-3 were improved more than those of the as-cast alloy in comparative example 1. As can be seen from the TEM image of example 3 in FIG. 4, the alloy after aging generates a large amount of Mg 2 Precursor of Si, mg 2 The formation of the Si precursor further improves the mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Mg alloy subjected to natural aging and low-temperature short-time effective treatment are greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the eutectic Si particles of the alloy in comparative example 1 were elongated microscopic under an optical microscope, whereas the eutectic Si particles of the alloys in examples 1, 2, and 3 were finer particles, and the fine structure was favorable for improving the alloy properties. The main point of this distinction is thatThe reason is that: the addition of Sr element can make alloy eutectic Si form fine fiber form, which has important contribution to the improvement of the comprehensive performance of A356 alloy, while the addition of Ti element can form Al with Al element in the alloy 3 Ti is used as heterogeneous nucleation point of primary crystal Al of the A356 alloy, and the size of the primary crystal Al is reduced, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is further improved. Therefore, the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy effectively improves the microstructure of the Al-Si-Mg alloy and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy by adding the modified element Sr and the refined element Ti into the Al-Si-Mg alloy.
In combination, compared with the traditional as-cast alloy, the Al-Si-Mg alloy provided by the invention has better structure, higher strength and obviously improved mechanical property after alloying and aging treatment.
The foregoing embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and in addition, the present invention may be implemented in other ways, and any obvious substitution is within the scope of the present invention without departing from the concept of the present invention.
In order to facilitate understanding of the improvements of the present invention over the prior art, some of the figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified, and some other elements have been omitted from this document for clarity, as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with low energy consumption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, weighing the raw materials according to mass percentages: 6 to 8.0wt.% of silicon, 0.20 to 0.5wt.% of magnesium, 0.001 to 0.05wt.% of strontium, 0.1 to 0.3wt.% of titanium, less than or equal to 0.2wt.% of iron, less than or equal to 0.2wt.% of zinc, less than or equal to 0.15wt.% of zirconium, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of beryllium, less than or equal to 0.05wt.% of tin, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.1wt.% of copper, less than or equal to 0.02wt.% of lead; other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each, combined to 0.1wt.%; the balance of aluminum;
step S2, layering raw materials in a crucible: spreading one third to one half of aluminum particles at the bottom of the crucible, spreading magnesium particles above the aluminum particles, uniformly spreading silicon particles and other particles except the rest aluminum particles, and finally covering the rest aluminum particles above the other particles;
step S3, pretreatment of a smelting furnace: placing the crucible in a smelting furnace, closing a furnace door of the smelting furnace, then starting a vacuum pump to pump air out of the smelting furnace, charging high-purity argon gas for gas washing, continuously vacuumizing to 50Pa, and charging argon gas as protective gas until the gas pressure in the furnace is 500Pa;
step S4, smelting and casting: the power supply of the smelting furnace is turned on, the alloy is smelted by heating in stages, and the smelting process is as follows: firstly, heating for 240-280s by using 200-210A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 620-630 ℃, and beginning to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230-240A, the temperature in the furnace is heated for 120-150s, the temperature in the furnace reaches 700-720 ℃, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 50-60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is 55-60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245-255A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740-750 ℃, the holding time is 55-60s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 670-680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling;
step S5, post-casting treatment: after casting, extracting high-temperature gas in the furnace to the air pressure of 50Pa in the furnace, then filling argon, and taking out the furnace after the alloy is continuously cooled for 600-650s to obtain an as-cast sample;
step S6, natural aging treatment: aging the as-cast sample at room temperature for one year;
step S7, low-temperature short-time effect treatment: and (3) opening a box-type furnace power supply, opening a furnace door after the temperature in the furnace is stabilized at 180-190 ℃, placing the as-cast sample subjected to natural aging treatment in the step (S6) in the box-type furnace, performing aging treatment for 4-10 hours, taking out the sample, and performing air cooling to obtain an alloy sample.
2. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.0wt.% Si, 0.42wt.% Mg, 0.005wt.% Sr, 0.20wt.% Ti, 0.13wt.% fe, 0.11wt.% Zn, 0.12wt.% Zr, 0.08wt.% Be, 0.04wt.% Sn, 0.08wt.% Mn, 0.1wt.% Cu, 0.01wt.% pb0, other unavoidable impurity elements: 0.03wt.% or less of each kind, 0.1wt.% or less of the alloy, and the balance of Al.
3. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the yield strength of the aluminum silicon magnesium is 148.7-160.7 MPa, the maximum stress is 424-624.4 MPa, and the strain is 27.5-51.0%.
4. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the aluminum particles weighed in the step S1 are
The purity of the columnar particles is more than or equal to 99.50 percent; the average grain diameter of the silicon grain is 2-7mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.90%; the average grain diameter of the magnesium grains is 2-6mm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%; the purity of the rest raw materials is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
5. The method for preparing the low-energy consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which is characterized in that: the smelting furnace is a CXZG-0.5 type vacuum induction smelting furnace; the box-type furnace is an SX2-8-10NPXP type box-type crucible electric furnace.
6. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which is characterized in that: in the step S7, when the as-cast sample is subjected to low-temperature short-time aging treatment, the temperature in the furnace is 180 ℃, and the aging treatment time is 10 hours.
7. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, aluminum particles flatly paved at the bottom of the crucible are one third of the total amount of the aluminum particles.
8. The method for preparing the low-energy-consumption aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy according to claim 7, which is characterized in that:
in the step S4, when the alloy is melted by heating in stages: firstly, heating for 250s by using 200A current to enable the temperature in the furnace to reach 630 ℃, and starting to generate melt in a crucible; then the current is increased to 230A, the temperature in the furnace reaches 710 ℃, the current is kept unchanged and the crucible is continuously rocked for 60s, the rocking amplitude and the central axis are 15 ℃, the rocking frequency is 60 times per minute until all the large particles are completely melted, then the current is continuously increased to 245A, the temperature in the furnace is increased to 740 ℃, the holding time is 55s, the crucible is continuously rocked, the rocking frequency is unchanged, the melt is uniformly mixed, finally, the power supply is turned off, and when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 680 ℃, the alloy melt is cast into a graphite mold for cooling;
in the step S5, after casting, high-temperature gas in the furnace is pumped out until the air pressure in the furnace is 50Pa, argon is filled, and after the alloy is continuously cooled for 650 seconds, the furnace is opened and taken out, so that an as-cast sample is obtained.
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