CN115299208A

CN115299208A - Construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN115299208A
Application number: CN202211003383.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈哲; 张爱平; 周玉连; 刘俊; 杨亚云; 李琴; 严建江; 任杰靖; 王亚东; 王海芹; 马纲; 薛春豪; 王丹; 刘建
Original assignee: Xinjiang Vital Development And Construction Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Xinjiang Vital Development And Construction Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-19
Filing date: 2022-08-19
Publication date: 2022-11-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: on-site personnel, material and mechanical preparation work → electric hand drill hole forming → sawing into finished product exhaust pipes with certain length according to requirements → obliquely inserting into tree cavities → filling material → inspection and acceptance → watering and maintenance; the construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil adopts a novel air vent arrangement method, so that the problems are solved, the air permeability of the root system of the vegetation is ensured, the survival rate of the vegetation is improved, and the construction cost is saved; the requirements of the ground on the aspects of root system respiration and the like can be met; each vent hole needs to be cut in place once according to the length, the welding joint of each vent hole is at most one, and the vent holes cannot be connected by fasteners; when stratum soil is easy to harden, filling materials in the holes; has better social benefit and economic benefit.

Description

Construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vent hole construction, and particularly relates to a construction method for arranging vent holes on vegetation of saline-alkali soil.

Background

Because the soil in Xinjiang is barren, most of flood cones are gravels and thin-layer soil in northern Xinjiang, and downward fine soil substances are gradually thickened to form zonal soil; in southern Xinjiang, the flood cone part consists of gravels, and the range of fine soil sediment is as follows, and the area is a distribution area of crack soil, residual saline soil and sand soil bags. In the flood fine soil plain below the flood cone, the underground water is deep (7-8 meters) and the mineralization degree is high (10-30 g/L); the stone river is a famous reclamation city, and is known as an oasis on the gobi; the Wuyi road is bordered by the Marnas and is adjacent to the Marnas river, some old river channels are left on the ground of a project area, but no river water is supplied, the underground water has the depth of 8-12 meters or more than 12 meters, the mineralization degree is from 1-3g/L to 3-5g/L and 15-30g/L from south to north, the soil quality is heavier, the soil has an alkalization layer and a residual salinization layer, and the soil mainly contains alkalization and salinization desertification lime soil.

After the greening part of the construction project is implemented, the soil surface layer is seriously hardened in a greening range, a structural layer with the thickness of about 3-5cm is formed on the surface layer of the salinized and calcified soil, the organic matter content of the soil in the project area is relatively poor, the content range is 2.28-15.34 g/kg, the organic matter content of the soil surface layer of a common cultivated land is more than 10g/kg, the organic matter content of the bottom layer is generally less than 10g/kg, and the difference of different sampling points is small. CaCO ₃ The content of the soil plough layer is different from place to place, the variation range is 87.21-127.30 g/kg, the bottom layer of CaCO ₃ The content of (B) is generally above 100 g/kg. The thickness of the plate layer affects the biological activity of soil, and the biological activity of the soil with a compact surface layer is very weak within a certain time. Therefore, the soil needs to be frequently intertilled and weeded after being planted, and the soil is kept loose. During construction, the exhaust holes need to be arranged in time after soil hardening is found, the respiration condition of the vegetation root system is improved, and the vegetation is prevented from generating black roots, death and the like. The old-fashioned exhaust hole is simple to construct, is usually a 3 PE50 (or PVC 50) pipes in a shape of Chinese character 'pin', and is tamped to the bottom of the soil ball, so that part of vegetation root systems can directly contact air. But is limited by the gap, the contact surface is small, and the improvement effect is not obvious.

Therefore, a construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil is provided to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art in the background technology.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation of saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

on-site personnel, material and mechanical preparation work → electric hand drill hole forming → sawing into finished product exhaust pipes with certain length as required → obliquely inserting into tree pits → filling material → inspection and acceptance → watering and maintenance;

after the on-site punching is finished, the exhaust pipe is obliquely inserted into a designated position in a tree pit through a tamping machine, or placed in the tree pit for ridging and fixing before the arbor is planted; when gobi broken stone is at the bottom of the tree pit, the bottom of the pipe is preferably inserted into the broken stone by 15-30cm; when the bottom of the tree pit is fine soil, a layer of Gobi broken stone can be additionally paved, and then the ventilation pipe is inserted; or directly inserted into fine soil, and the exhaust pipe is inserted obliquely at an angle of 15 degrees inwards to increase the contact area with the newly planted seedling soil ball.

Preferably, the exhaust pipe is a PE pipe of DN50 to DN75, a plurality of groups of exhaust holes are arranged on the exhaust pipe, and filling materials are properly arranged in the exhaust holes.

Preferably, a plurality of groups of exhaust holes in the exhaust pipe are formed by drilling holes through an electric drill, the aperture of each exhaust hole is 8-13mm, a circle of 4-5 holes are formed in the radial direction, and a circle of holes are formed in the axial direction at intervals of 6-8 cm; therefore, the bearing capacity and rigidity of the exhaust pipe are ensured, the exhaust pipe can be rammed smoothly, and the exhaust pipe cannot bear the lateral force of soil to deform; meanwhile, the contact area of the vegetation root system is greatly increased, so that the vegetation root system can breathe better.

Preferably, the drilling operation method of the plurality of groups of exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe comprises the following steps:

one of the operations is as follows: directly drilling holes by using an alloy drill bit on an electric hand drill, fixing a PE pipe, drilling holes from one end according to a set length, rotating the PE pipe after drilling one row, and drilling the other row at intervals of 3cm, wherein 4-5 holes are formed in one circle of the pipe;

in the second operation, a small-specification hole opener is connected with an electric hand drill for drilling;

and thirdly, ironing the holes by using a hot melting machine.

Preferably, the alloy drill bit of the electric drill is properly adjusted according to the specification of the PE pipe, and when the DN50 pipe is selected, the drill bit with the diameter of 8mm is preferably selected; when a DN63 pipe is selected, a drill bit with the diameter of 10mm is preferably selected; when DN75 pipe is used, a 12mm drill bit is preferably used.

Preferably, there should be at least 4 holes per turn, and at most 5 holes per turn; each vent hole is required to be cut in place once according to the length, the number of welding joints of each vent hole is at most one, and the vent holes cannot be connected by fasteners; when the stratum soil is easy to harden, the holes need to be filled with materials.

Preferably, the packing material inside the exhaust hole is set to 1-3cm of gravel, slag or foam.

Preferably, when the air vents are formed in the arbor, 3 air vents are arranged in a delta shape, the top ends of the air vents are 5-10cm higher than the ground, the bottom of the air vents are inserted into a gravel layer, if the bottom of the air vents is still a fine soil layer, a layer of 3-5cm Gobi broken stone can be additionally paved, the bottom of the air vents is required to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than a soil ball, and the air vents can be directly buried without paving Gobi gravel; when the shrubs are provided with the vent holes, the shrubs are preferably arranged one by one in the range of 2-3 square meters, and the length of the shrubs is that the bottom of each vent hole needs to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than the soil ball; is properly adjusted according to the variety of the ground cover and the type of soil.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: compared with the prior art, the construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil has the following advantages:

the construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil adopts a novel air vent arrangement method, so that the problems are solved, the air permeability of the root system of the vegetation is ensured, the survival rate of the vegetation is improved, and the construction cost is saved; the requirements of the ground on the aspects of root system respiration and the like can be met; the arrangement of the vent holes can be properly adjusted according to the salt alkalinity of the soil on site, can be distributed in a single, two sides, triangular, quadrangular or quincuncial pile shape, and can also be arranged in a straight shape, and the vent holes are obliquely inserted into the soil according to a certain angle during ramming, and the depth of the vent holes is preferably 30cm lower than the bottom of the soil ball; each vent hole needs to be cut in place once according to the length, the welding joint of each vent hole is at most one, and the vent holes cannot be connected by fasteners; when stratum soil is easy to harden, filling materials in the holes; has better social benefit and economic benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vent pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an arrangement of vent piles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation in a saline-alkali soil according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the growth of the arbor without the vent holes according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the growth state of the arbor provided with the novel vent hole according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention provides embodiments as shown in fig. 1-5:

after the on-site punching is finished, the exhaust pipe is obliquely inserted into a designated position in a tree pit through a tamping machine, or placed in the tree pit for ridging and fixing before the arbor is planted; when gobi broken stone is at the bottom of the tree pit, the bottom of the pipe is preferably inserted into the broken stone by 15-30cm; when the bottom of the tree pit is fine soil, a layer of Gobi gravel can be additionally paved, and then the ventilation pipe is inserted; or directly inserted into fine soil, and the exhaust pipe is inserted obliquely at an angle of 15 degrees inwards to increase the contact area with the newly planted seedling soil ball.

A plurality of groups of exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe are formed by drilling holes by an electric drill, the aperture of each exhaust hole is 8-13mm, a circle of 4-5 holes are formed in the radial direction, and the exhaust holes are arranged in a ring at intervals of 6-8cm in the axial direction; therefore, the bearing capacity and rigidity of the exhaust pipe are ensured, the exhaust pipe can be rammed smoothly, and the exhaust pipe cannot bear the lateral force of soil to deform; meanwhile, the contact area of the vegetation root system is greatly increased, so that the vegetation root system can breathe better.

The drilling operation method of a plurality of groups of exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe comprises the following steps: one of the operations is as follows: directly drilling holes by using an alloy drill bit on an electric hand drill, fixing a PE pipe, drilling holes from one end according to a set length, rotating the PE pipe after drilling one row, and drilling the other row at intervals of 3cm, wherein 4-5 holes are formed in one circle of the pipe;

and thirdly, ironing the holes by using a hot melting machine.

The alloy drill bit of the electric drill is properly adjusted according to the specification of the PE pipe, and when the DN50 pipe is selected, the drill bit with the diameter of 8mm is preferably selected; when a DN63 pipe is selected, a drill bit with the diameter of 10mm is preferably selected; when a DN75 pipe is selected, a drill bit with the diameter of 12mm is preferably selected; each circle has at least 4 holes and at most 5 holes; each vent hole is required to be cut in place once according to the length, the number of welding joints of each vent hole is at most one, and the vent holes cannot be connected by fasteners; when stratum soil is easy to harden, the holes are filled with materials.

The exhaust pipe is a PE pipe with DN 50-DN 75, a plurality of groups of exhaust holes are arranged on the exhaust pipe, and filling materials are properly arranged in the exhaust holes; the filling material in the exhaust hole is 1-3cm of gravel, slag or foam; when the arbor is provided with vent holes, 3 trees are preferably arranged in a delta shape, the top ends of the vent holes are higher than the ground by 5-10cm, the bottom of the vent holes are preferably inserted into a gravel layer, if the bottom is still a fine soil layer, a layer of gobi broken stone of 3-5cm can be additionally paved, the bottom of each vent hole is required to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than a soil ball, and gobi gravel can also be directly buried without being paved; when the shrubs are provided with the vent holes, the shrubs are preferably arranged one by one in the range of 2-3 square meters, and the length of the shrubs is that the bottom of each vent hole needs to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than the soil ball; is properly adjusted according to the variety of the ground cover and the type of soil.

The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil is in practice:

the key technology is as follows: 1. drilling holes by an electric drill, wherein the aperture is 8-13mm, a circle of 4-5 holes are formed in the radial direction, and a circle of holes are formed in the axial direction every 6-8 cm; the scheme ensures the bearing capacity and rigidity of the exhaust pipe, so that the exhaust pipe can be rammed smoothly and cannot bear the lateral force of soil to deform; meanwhile, the contact area of the vegetation root system is greatly increased, so that the vegetation root system can breathe better.

2. When the air vents are arranged on the arbor, 3 trees are preferably arranged in a delta shape, the top ends of the air vents are 5-10cm higher than the ground, the bottom of the air vents are preferably inserted into a gravel layer, if the bottom is still a fine soil layer, a layer of gobi gravel (the thickness is 15-30 cm) of 3-5cm can be additionally paved, the bottom of the air vents is required to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than a soil ball, and the gobi gravel can be directly buried without being paved; when the shrubs are provided with the vent holes, the shrubs are preferably arranged one by one in the range of 2-3 square meters, and the length of the shrubs is that the bottom of each vent hole needs to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than the soil ball; properly adjusting according to the variety of the ground cover and the type of soil:

3. the inside of the vent hole can be filled with materials properly: 1-3cm gravel, slag or foam.

Drilling operation: one of the operations is as follows: the alloy drill bit on the electric hand drill is used for directly drilling. Fixing a PE pipe, drilling holes according to a set length from one end, rotating the PE pipe after drilling one row, drilling the other row at an interval of 3cm, and ensuring that 4-5 holes are formed in the circumference of the pipe.

The second operation is as follows: and (5) connecting a small-specification hole opener with an electric hand drill for drilling.

Thirdly, operation: and (5) ironing holes by using a hot melting machine.

Technical level and technical difficulty:

the alloy drill bit of the electric drill is properly adjusted according to the specification of the PE pipe, and when the DN50 pipe is selected, the drill bit with the diameter of 8mm is preferably selected; when a DN63 pipe is selected, a drill bit with the diameter of 10mm is preferably selected; when DN75 pipe is used, a drill bit of 12mm is preferably used. There should be at least 4 holes per turn and at most 5 holes per turn. Each vent hole needs to be cut once according to the length to be in place, and the welding joint of each vent hole is at most one and cannot be connected by a fastener. When stratum soil is easy to harden, filling materials are needed in the holes, wherein the filling materials are as follows: 1-3cm gravel, slag or foam.

The application condition and the application prospect of the construction method are as follows: the novel air holes have remarkable ventilation function, cities are greatly developed and expanded in recent years, more and more landscape greening projects are provided for road greening, backward garden and parks in new areas and newly-built real estate, and accordingly, new planting of trees and shrubs and more planting of ground covers are provided, the root system breathing capacity of the ground covers is greatly improved under the limited protection of the novel air holes, the survival rate of nursery stocks is improved, and the construction cost is saved.

Economic and social benefits (including energy saving and environmental protection benefits): take the construction of the EPC general contract greening part of the reconstruction and promotion project of the urban road of the Wuyi road of the stone river as an example. Economic benefits are as follows: 9000 arbors and 83 ten thousand shrubs are planted in the background of the project.

The traditional planting mode (without vent holes) is adopted: the survival rate of trees is about 83 percent, the survival rate of shrubs is about 89 percent, trees need to be replanted by 1530 plants, shrubs need to be replanted by 91300 plants, the unit price of trees is temporarily estimated at 500 yuan/plant, and shrubs are 8 yuan/plant; the mechanical machine team of the crane is 3000 yuan/day, and 15 machine teams are required for completing the tasks; the labor cost is 150 yuan/day, and 90 shifts are needed for completing the tasks. The cost is shared: 1530 + 500+91300 + 8+3000 + 15+90 + 150=1553900 yuan. It is used for 15 days.

Adopt novel exhaust hole mode of planting: HDPE75 pipe, 14 yuan/meter, length 41000 meters, manual drilling, 50 manual machine shifts are needed, the survival rate of arbors is about 95%, the survival rate of shrubs is about 95%, 450 trees need to be replanted, 41500 shrubs need to be replanted, the unit price of arbors is temporarily estimated at 500 yuan/plant, and 8 yuan/plant of shrubs; the mechanical machine shift of the crane is 3000 yuan/day, and 5 machine shifts are needed for completing the task; the labor cost is 150 yuan/day, and 40 shifts are needed to complete the tasks. The cost is shared: it is used for 5 days. 41000 + 14+50 + 500+41500 + 8+3000 + 5+40 + 150=957000 yuan.

Saving the surplus energy: 59.69 ten thousand yuan. Saving time: for 10 days. Social benefits are as follows:

the exhaust holes are arranged, so that the root system breathing condition of the ground cover is improved, the survival rate of the ground cover is improved, the seedling cost in seedling replanting is saved, meanwhile, the labor waste is large in the replanting process, the death of seedlings has adverse effects on the urban environment and the urban appearance, and a good guarantee is provided for the smooth completion acceptance of projects.

1. Introduction to

The soil in Xinjiang is barren, most of the Hongda conifers are grave and thin soil in northern Xinjiang, and downward fine soil substances are gradually thickened to form zonal soil; in southern Xinjiang, the flood cone part consists of gravels, and the range of fine soil sediments is as follows, namely the distribution area of crack soil, residual saline soil and sand soil bags. In the flood fine soil plain below the flood cone, the underground water is deep (7-8 m) and the mineralization degree is high (10-30 g/L).

The stone river is a famous reclamation city and is known as an oasis on the gobi; the Wuyi road and the Marina are bordered, the Uuna road is adjacent to the Marina river, some old river channels are left on the ground of a project area, but no river water is supplied, the underground water has the depth of 8-12 m or more than 12m, the mineralization degree is from 1-3g/L to 3-5g/L and 15-30g/L from south to north, the soil quality is heavy, the soil has an alkalization layer and a residual salinization layer, and the alkalization and salinization are mainly used for desertification of lime soil.

2. Characterised by the feature

2.1 can meet the requirements of the ground on various aspects such as the respiration of the root system and the like;

2.2 the arrangement of the vent holes can be properly adjusted according to the salt alkalinity of the soil on site, can be arranged in a single, two sides, triangular, quadrangular or quincuncial pile shape, and also can be arranged in a straight shape, and the vent holes are obliquely inserted into the soil at a certain angle during ramming, and the depth is preferably 30cm lower than the bottom of the soil ball.

2.3 each vent hole needs to be cut once according to length and positioned, and the welding joint of each vent hole is at most one and cannot be connected by a fastener.

2.4 when the stratum soil is extremely easy to harden, filling materials are needed in the holes, wherein the filling materials are as follows: 1-3cm gravel, slag or foam.

2.5 has better social benefit and economic benefit.

3. Application scope

The method is suitable for urban landscaping projects or ground cover planting in soil similar to saline-alkali soil, aims to improve the breathing condition of vegetation root systems and can improve the survival rate of the ground cover.

4. Principle of the process

The components of the exhaust hole are as follows: consists of a main pipe PE pipe (phi 50, phi 63 and phi 75), air holes, hole filling materials and the like.

After the on-site punching is finished, the exhaust pipe is obliquely inserted into a designated position in a tree pit through a tamping machine, and can also be placed in the tree pit for ridging and fixing before the arbor is planted; when gobi broken stone is at the bottom of the tree pit, the bottom of the pipe is preferably inserted into the broken stone by 15-30cm; when the bottom of the tree pit is fine soil, a layer of Gobi gravel can be additionally paved, and then the ventilation pipe is inserted; or directly inserted into fine soil. The exhaust pipe should be inserted obliquely at an angle of 15 degrees inwards to increase the contact area with the newly planted seedling soil ball.

5. Construction process flow and operation key points

5.1 construction Process

The process flow comprises the following steps: on-site personnel, material and mechanical preparation work → electric hand drill hole forming → sawing into finished product exhaust pipes with certain length as required → obliquely inserting into tree pit → filling material → inspection and acceptance → watering and maintenance

Main technical parameters

5.1.1 vent customization

The vent hole length is 1.2+0.3=1.5 meters according to the height of the arbor soil ball, and the vent hole arrangement mode is determined according to the field soil structure and is in a delta shape.

5.1.2 exhaust vent installation

And (4) digging a hole at a designated position in the tree pit by a drilling machine, and inserting the finished exhaust pipe with the drilled hole into the tree pit and filling slag into the finished exhaust pipe.

5.2 operating points

During construction, the angle of the exhaust hole is noticed, the exhaust hole is obliquely inserted into the exhaust hole for 15 degrees, the insertion bottom is stable, the top end of the exhaust hole extends out of the ground for 5-10cm, and slag and the like are filled in the exhaust hole.

6. Materials and apparatus

The main materials are as follows:

serial number	Name of Material	Specification of	Use of
				1	75PE pipe	0.8MP	Main material
2	Slag of furnace		Filler material

The main equipment is as follows:

serial number	Device name	Specification of	Number of	Unit	Use of
						1	Electric hand drill	Bose GSB120	1	Platform	Drilling holes
2	Small-sized drilling machine		1	Platform	Drilling pile

7. Quality control

1. The main pipe has no deformation and crack.

2. The holes should be distributed evenly, and the extrusion deformation of the exhaust pipe in the soil by the lateral force of the soil cannot be influenced.

3. The aperture is controlled to be 8-13mm, when no filler is filled in the exhaust pipe, the too large aperture is influenced by the surrounding soil pressure or water pressure, so that the soil enters the exhaust pipe, the blockage occurs, and the air permeability of the exhaust pipe is influenced.

4. The exhaust pipes should be arranged in an arrangement and filled with internal filler according to the conditions of the soil on site.

8. Safety measures

8.1 operational safety

(1) The operators must be aged 18 years without high risk diseases (heart disease, high pressure, epilepsy, hypertension, etc.) and physiological defects. For those who are drunk, tired and abnormal in mood, drilling and pile drilling operations are strictly prohibited.

(2) The operator must wear safety helmets and protective gloves.

(3) The operator must go through the study of theoretical knowledge, safe operating skill training, can go on duty to operate after examination is qualified, all personnel who have not been trained and examined forbid to carry out this operation.

(4) A temporary warning area is arranged near the drilling and pile drilling operation, and a specially-assigned person is sent to take care of and remind passing personnel and vehicles. During operation, the approach of irrelevant personnel is strictly forbidden.

(5) When the operators find accident potential or unsafe factors, the operation of pile drilling or exhaust pipe tamping must be stopped. The manager can refuse to execute the illegal command and the forced adventure operation.

(6) Before operation, whether the electric hand drill, the PE main pipe and the small drilling machine are normal or not should be comprehensively checked.

(7) And (4) checking whether the hole spacing of the exhaust pipe meets the requirements when the exhaust pipe is inserted, and if the hole spacing of the exhaust pipe does not meet the requirements, the next operation cannot be carried out.

8.2 environmental requirements for use

(1) The pile drilling operation is forbidden by using a small-sized drilling machine due to thunderstorm, heavy snow, high temperature and strong wind above five grades.

(2) The electric hand drill preferably selects a 12V rechargeable battery, so that the electric quantity of the battery is sufficient.

9. Environmental protection measure

(1) The construction area should be kept clean and the materials should be stacked neatly.

(2) The construction waste can not be discharged at will and should be stacked according to the place stipulated by the environmental protection department.

(3) The power cable is arranged according to the temporary power utilization requirement, and is not pulled to be connected in disorder.

(4) And noise control in the construction stage is carried out according to noise regulations in construction yard boundaries and meets the standard requirements of environmental quality standards. The generator is not used as far as possible under the condition that the field power supply meets the requirements, and noise pollution is prevented.

10. Benefit analysis

Economic and social benefits (including energy saving and environmental protection benefits):

take the construction of the EPC general contract greening part of the reconstruction and improvement project of the urban road of Wuyi road of the stone river as an example. Economic benefits are as follows: 9000 arbors and 83 ten thousand shrubs are planted in the background of the project.

The traditional planting mode (without vent holes) is adopted: the survival rate of the trees is about 83 percent, the survival rate of the shrubs is about 89 percent, the trees need 1530 plants, the shrubs need 91300 plants, the unit price of the trees is temporarily estimated to be 500 yuan/plant, and the shrubs are 8 yuan/plant; the mechanical machine team of the crane is 3000 yuan/day, and 15 machine teams are required for completing the tasks; the labor cost is 150 yuan/day, and 90 shifts are needed for completing the tasks. The cost is shared: 1530 × 500+91300 + 8+3000 + 15+90 + 150=1553900yuan. It is used for 15 days.

Adopt novel exhaust hole planting mode: HDPE75 pipe, 14 yuan/meter, length 41000 meters, manual drilling, 50 manual machine shifts are needed, the survival rate of arbors is about 95%, the survival rate of shrubs is about 95%, 450 trees need to be replanted, 41500 shrubs need to be replanted, the unit price of arbors is temporarily estimated at 500 yuan/plant, and 8 yuan/plant of shrubs; the mechanical machine team of the crane is 3000 yuan/day, 5 machine teams are needed for completing the tasks; the labor cost is 150 yuan/day, and 40 shifts are needed to complete the tasks. The cost is shared: it is used for 5 days. 41000 + 14+50 + 500+41500 + 8+3000 + 5+40 + 150=957000 yuan.

10.1 economic balance: 59.69 ten thousand yuan. Saving time: for 10 days.

10.2 social benefits:

set up the exhaust hole and improved the root system breathing condition of ground quilt, improved the survival rate of ground quilt, practiced thrift the nursery stock cost when replanting the nursery stock, simultaneously, the manpower is extravagant great when replanting, and the nursery stock dies and causes adverse effect to city environment and city appearance, also completes the acceptance of working well for the project and provides good guarantee smoothly.

11. Examples of applications

An EPC general contract project is developed for road reconstruction and promotion engineering of Uygur road city in the stone river, wherein the contract construction period is from 5 months and 7 days in 2020 to 6 months and 30 days in 2021;

the Wuyi road in the river city is a G312 national road section in the city, the modified lifting project has the beginning point of the Ma river center and the end point of the north road, the east-west trend crosses the river, the total length of the road is 15km, the road is planned to be an urban expressway, the width of a red line is 55 meters, and the width of a green line is 115-135 meters.

The stage focuses on comprehensively remedying the whole-line environment. Comprehensively treating the green landscape on the road and along the line according to the width of the planned red line; channeling design is carried out on part of intersections, so that the traffic capacity of the intersections is improved, and traffic delay is relieved; landscape environment improvement: the green belt 30-50m outside the red line of the road is combined with the facade of the outside building to shield the 'stain', and has the outstanding characteristics.

Within the scope of the highway territory: the property portions (such as a central separation zone, a pedestrian overpass and a tunnel) of the G312 line traffic hall (a highway bureau) are promoted and modified according to the requirements of the river for creativity and health.

Outside the range of the highway field: on the basis of planning 55m section, the present condition is combined, the existing section is utilized as much as possible, the local conditions are met, the investment is saved, the road function is improved, and the landscape environment is improved. Wherein the greening and irrigation comprises arbor and shrub and flower planting, irrigation pipelines and channels; the electric system mainly comprises green road and wooden trestle road illumination, node intersection illumination and the like.

Nursery stock construction scheme

1 fixed point digging planting hole

Firstly, fixed-point paying-off is carried out according to design requirements to ensure the accuracy of planting positions, and then planting holes are dug. The diameter of the planting hole and the groove is more than 40-60cm larger than the root spread of the seedling soil ball, the wall of the planting hole is vertical, and the upper opening and the lower opening are equal. And applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the hole, fully and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the planting soil, and then covering 10cm of soil to prevent the roots of the plants from directly contacting the fertilizer so as to avoid burning tree roots.

2 the quality of the plants (seedling selection)

And (3) arbor: the diameter of the arbor soil ball is not less than 8-10 times of the diameter at breast height, and the minimum diameter of the soil ball is not less than 50cm. The seedling grows strongly, branches and leaves are luxuriant, the crown shape is full and complete, the root system is developed, and the phenomena of diseases, insect pests, mechanical damage, stem straightening and crown deviation are avoided.

And (3) shrub: full, uniform and non-crown canopy diameter, uniform size, no obtrusiveness, and no diseases and insect pests.

3 lifting the seedlings

(1) When the seedlings are lifted, the root systems are not injured artificially as much as possible, the trees with the soil balls ensure that the soil balls are complete, and meanwhile, the trees are packaged by straw ropes or straw bags. The earth ball is handled lightly during the transportation process to prevent the earth ball from loosening.

(2) Before the nursery stock is excavated, a nursery stock outplanting line is firstly investigated and selected, and the meteorological change condition is timely tracked, so that the tool is compact and reasonable, the nursery stock is excavated, lifted and planted at any time, the lifting and planting of the nursery stock are kept synchronous, the slow planting of the lifted nursery stock is avoided, and the whole process of digging, transporting and planting is required to be no more than 24 hours. And tools, equipment and manual transportation are fully prepared.

(3) Pruning should be carried out 3-5 days before the excavation of the nursery stock to ensure the water balance in the nursery stock growth process and growth potential recovery stage, but the nursery stock cannot be pruned excessively to avoid influencing the posture, and the nursery stock is carefully treated according to the difference of tree species.

(4) The root can be irrigated 1-2 days before the seedling is lifted, the irrigation time and water quantity are determined according to the weather and the dry and wet conditions of soil, and the water can be maintained in the whole transplanting process of the tree body during control, transportation and planting. And the cohesive force of the root system and the soil can be enhanced, the digging is convenient, and the soil balls are not easy to break.

4 transporting the seedlings

(1) All plants should be dug, handled, stocked and packaged carefully and skillfully, and these works must meet the well-established habit of gardening.

(2) Drying is not allowed at any time, all plants are properly packaged in the transportation process, the damage of the sun, wind, weather or seasons is prevented, and the root system is ensured to contain sufficient water (a straw curtain or canvas covers the plants and is watered at proper time).

(3) When trees with soil balls are transported, the trees need to keep the soil balls intact, the driving speed is low, the trees pay attention to stability, the vibration is reduced, and the soil balls are prevented from cracking.

(4) All plants must be planted the same day after being transported to the field. A good plan is needed for the transplanting, the transportation and the planting. And lifting seedlings in the same day, transporting to the site in the same day, planting and irrigating in the same day.

5 arbor and shrub planting

(1) The planting holes and the planting grooves must be vertically dug downwards, the upper opening and the lower bottom are equal, the four walls of the tree hole are flat and vertical, and the pit bottom is horizontal.

(2) Digging planting hole, setting soil on one side, backfilling, setting raw soil on the bottom layer, and separating mature soil from raw soil.

(3) The size and the depth of the tree pit are checked before the nursery stock is planted, the depth and the width of the tree pit are 1.3 times of the size of the tree soil ball, and trimming is carried out if the tree pit does not meet the requirements.

(4) And (4) filling bottom water, and ensuring no collapse.

(5) The tree pit should be backfilled with fertilizer before planting, the fertilizer is covered with mellow soil with a thickness of 20cm, the tree pit is compacted, then the nursery stock is placed, the tree pit must be larger than the soil ball, so that the soil ball can be smoothly placed in the planting pit, and measures are taken to remove the packaged impurities.

(6) And continuously backfilling the mellow soil, righting the tree when half of the tree pit is filled, and then treading.

(7) Backfilling the mellow soil until the mellow soil is filled, and compacting (3 cm higher than the ground)

(8) After planting, an irrigation cofferdam with the height of 15-20cm is built around the planting hole slightly larger than the diameter of the planting hole, and water cannot leak from the cofferdam, so that water can be thoroughly irrigated and enough water is available.

(9) Irrigation is carried out, and water is required to be fully irrigated and thoroughly irrigated.

(10) After watering, the tree is straightened, and the tree pit is filled with the deficient soil until the tree is stable.

(11) After planting, 3 solid wood supports with the specification matched with that of the arbor are used for supporting and fixing, the support is stable, and the base part is buried under the ground by 30cm. The part of the support, which is contacted with the trunk, needs to be well padded by soft materials to prevent the barks from being worn.

(12) The trees without cutting the trunk need to be properly thinned before planting, so that higher survival rate is ensured.

(13) The burying depth is 3-5cm deeper than the emergence depth, and the planting can not sink downward or be too shallow, if the sink downward, the roots are easy to rot, if the sink downward, the roots are easy to wind and scrape and incline.

6 maintenance management

(1) Righting: after planting, the trees are inclined due to watering, wind blowing and the like, and need to be straightened in time, and simultaneously filled with soil and compacted. The trees must be supported to prevent them from skewing.

(2) Watering: after the tree is planted, the tree must be thoroughly watered and tamped to tightly combine the soil and the root system of the tree. If the water shortage phenomenon is found, watering should be carried out in time, and watering must be thoroughly carried out each time, so that the water shortage phenomenon does not exist in the growing period, and the surface soil in the tree tray can be loosened due to the fact that the watering is thoroughly carried out.

(3) Spring irrigation and winter irrigation: winter irrigation must be performed in the early winter (usually in 11 middle of the month) after the first year of planting. The spring irrigation is performed in the spring of the next year (usually at the beginning of 4 months).

(4) Soil loosening and weeding: the soil is loosened around the trees, which is beneficial to watering and fertilizing. Timely eradicating weeds around the tree, particularly vine plants, which can affect the growth of the tree, preferably weeding depth is 3-5cm, and hoeing hard soil, namely hardened soil, in the tree pit. In arid seasons, weeds in green lands need to be removed in time so as to reduce water evaporation and ensure water supply for trees.

(5) Bud stripping: after the tree germinates, a plurality of buds and young branches germinate on the trunk and the branches, the shape of the crown is influenced, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and the buds and the young branches need to be removed in time.

The branch cluster bifurcation affects the height and the growth of the tree crown. Particularly, the trimming of flowers and shrubs is more necessary, and the trimming length needs to be controlled, so that the whole tree shape and size are consistent. So as to beautify the shape of the plant, balance the height, increase long branches and improve the survival rate of the planting.

The tool for trimming the tree must be sharp to make the cut smooth, the edge of the cut should be as close to the trunk node as possible, otherwise the branches will be left with dead knots. But not too deep, which would form a tree hole in the trunk, it is preferable that the cut plane be parallel to the trunk and be approximately in the same plane. After the large branches are sawn off, paint or preservative is preferably applied to the cut openings.

7 pest control

(1) The prevention is mainly used, the prevention and the treatment are combined, and healthy and strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected when the trees are planted.

(2) The trees are cut and transplanted, the wounds are many, the germinated leaves are tender, the resistance of the tree bodies is weak, the trees are easy to suffer from diseases and insect pests, the prevention needs to be strengthened in advance, and the prevention purpose is achieved by spraying and mixing pesticides such as carbendazim or thiophanate, enemy killers, pyrethrin cyanamide and the like.

(3) Timely cleaning fallen leaves, weeds and the like of the diseases and insects, eliminating disease sources and insect sources and preventing the diseases and the insects from spreading and spreading.

(4) High temperature and high humidity weather is the easy period of plant diseases and insect pests. In this period, the plants which are easy to suffer from plant diseases and insect pests need to be sprayed and prevented.

(5) The inspection of the pest condition is enhanced, the pest should be prevented and controlled in time when the pest condition is found, and the pesticide should be sprayed uniformly according to different disease and pest conditions.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions and improvements to part of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for arranging exhaust holes on vegetation of saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

after the on-site punching is finished, the exhaust pipe is obliquely inserted into a designated position in a tree pit through a tamping machine, and can also be placed in the tree pit for ridging and fixing before the arbor is planted; when gobi broken stone is at the bottom of the tree pit, the bottom of the pipe is preferably inserted into the broken stone by 15-30cm; when the bottom of the tree pit is fine soil, a layer of Gobi gravel can be additionally paved, and then the ventilation pipe is inserted; or directly inserted into fine soil, and the exhaust pipe is obliquely inserted into the fine soil by 15 degrees to increase the contact area with the newly planted seedling soil ball.

2. The saline-alkali soil vegetation arrangement exhaust hole construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the exhaust pipe is set to be a PE pipe of DN50 to DN75, a plurality of groups of exhaust holes are formed in the exhaust pipe, and filling materials are properly arranged in the exhaust holes.

3. The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: a plurality of groups of exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe are formed by drilling holes by an electric drill, the aperture of each exhaust hole is 8-13mm, a circle of 4-5 holes are formed in the radial direction, and the exhaust holes are arranged in a ring at intervals of 6-8cm in the axial direction; therefore, the bearing capacity and the rigidity of the exhaust pipe are ensured, the exhaust pipe can be rammed smoothly, and the exhaust pipe cannot bear the lateral force of soil to deform; meanwhile, the contact area of the vegetation root system is greatly increased, so that the vegetation root system can breathe better.

4. The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the drilling operation method of a plurality of groups of exhaust holes on the exhaust pipe comprises the following steps:

secondly, connecting a small-specification hole opener with an electric hand drill for drilling;

and thirdly, ironing the holes by using a hot melting machine.

5. The saline-alkali soil vegetation arrangement exhaust hole construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the alloy drill bit of the electric drill is properly adjusted according to the specification of the PE pipe, and when the DN50 pipe is selected, the drill bit with the diameter of 8mm is preferably selected; when a DN63 pipe is selected, a drill bit with the diameter of 10mm is preferably selected; when DN75 pipe is used, a drill bit of 12mm is preferably used.

6. The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein: each circle has at least 4 holes and at most 5 holes; each vent hole needs to be cut in place once according to the length, the welding joint of each vent hole is at most one, and the vent holes cannot be connected by fasteners; when the stratum soil is easy to harden, the holes need to be filled with materials.

7. The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the filling material in the exhaust holes is 1-3cm of gravel, slag or foam.

8. The construction method for arranging the exhaust holes on the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the arbor is provided with vent holes, 3 trees are preferably arranged in a delta shape, the top ends of the vent holes are higher than the ground by 5-10cm, the bottom of the vent holes are preferably inserted into a gravel layer, if the bottom is still a fine soil layer, a layer of gobi broken stone of 3-5cm can be additionally paved, the bottom of each vent hole is required to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than a soil ball, and gobi gravel can also be directly buried without being paved; when the shrubs are provided with the vent holes, the shrubs are preferably arranged one by one in the range of 2-3 square meters, and the length of the shrubs is that the bottom of each vent hole needs to be more than or equal to 30cm lower than the soil ball; is properly adjusted according to the variety of the ground cover and the type of soil.