CN115296008B - GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna - Google Patents
GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- FPWNLURCHDRMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FPWNLURCHDRMHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a GNSS flexible composite material, which comprises a spiral antenna main body, spiral arms, a PCB (printed circuit board), feedback points and a radio frequency circuit, wherein the spiral antenna main body is fixedly connected to the top of the PCB, the number of the spiral arms is four, and the four spiral arms are spirally fixed on the surface of the spiral antenna main body in the same direction. According to the invention, the RFID antenna printing process is adopted, nano silver is mixed in paste ink to prepare four conductive spiral arms, the functions of receiving and transmitting the nano silver are achieved as the functions of a traditional antenna, the nano silver has good compatibility on portable equipment through improvement of traditional antenna manufacturing materials, the structure is easier to process and the precision is higher, novel materials are selected, the antenna volume and weight are reduced, so that the requirements of the market on a portable platform are met, meanwhile, the novel materials are used as the external protection of the antenna, and the antenna is ensured to have accurate measurement performance under various complex environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a GNSS flexible composite material.
Background
The satellite navigation system has become a part of daily life, and in order to meet the navigation positioning requirements under multi-satellite multi-frequency scenes, the satellite navigation system is especially used for aiming at the application requirements of the existing wearable, handheld and unmanned aerial vehicle equal-decimeter-level, centimeter-level and millimeter-level navigation positioning terminal modules and equipment matched antennas, and meanwhile, the requirements of high gain, omnidirectionality, miniaturization, extremely light portability, elasticity and the like are also realized.
However, in the prior art, when the ceramic antenna is actually used, the processing difficulty of the traditional ceramic antenna is high, the installation process is complex, the signal receiving capacity of the antenna in terms of performance is greatly dependent on the ingredient ingredients of the ceramic part, the influence of materials is great, the restraint in the receiving direction is high, the precision is poor, and the high requirement of modern wireless communication is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a GNSS flexible composite material, so as to solve the problems set forth in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the novel multi-layer hybrid antenna comprises a spiral antenna body, spiral arms, a PCB (printed circuit board), feedback points and a radio frequency circuit, wherein the spiral antenna body is fixedly connected to the top of the PCB, the number of the spiral arms is four, the four spiral arms are spirally fixed to the surface of the spiral antenna body in the same direction, the four spiral arms are arranged in an equidistant array, the spiral arms are formed by combining multiple strands of flexible composite materials in a crossed spiral mode, the feedback points are fixedly arranged at the top of the corresponding spiral arm positions of the PCB, the radio frequency circuit is fixedly embedded in the PCB and the spiral antenna body, the spiral arms, the feedback points and the radio frequency circuit are electrically connected through wires, the radio frequency circuit comprises a signal combining unit, a radio frequency amplifying unit and a power splitting feeding unit, the signal combining unit comprises a first 3dB hybrid coupler, a second 3dB hybrid coupler and a third 3dB hybrid coupler which are electrically connected through wires, and the third 3dB hybrid coupler is respectively connected with the first 3dB hybrid coupler and the second 3dB hybrid coupler in the signal combining unit in parallel, and the first hybrid 3dB coupler and the second hybrid 3dB coupler are electrically connected in the signal combining unit in the parallel.
Preferably, the power phase shift feed unit in the radio frequency circuit supplies equal current to the four spiral arm feed ports, and the phase difference between the output ports of two adjacent spiral arms is 90 degrees.
Preferably, the top of the corresponding spiral arm position of the PCB is provided with a groove, the feedback points are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove, the four feedback points respectively give the same current amplitude to the four spiral arms, and two adjacent feedback points give the spiral arms two-by-two orthogonal feed.
Preferably, the four spiral arms and the maximum radiation direction form a left-hand relationship, the whole device adopts an RFID antenna printing process, a conductive material is mixed in pasty ink, and the conductive material of the spiral arms is prepared by UV & drying and shaping after printing and shaping.
Preferably, the signal combining unit is used for coupling right-hand circularly polarized waves of satellite signals propagated in a space received by the four spiral arms to form a radio frequency signal, and the power phase-splitting phase-shifting feeding unit is used for feeding power to the receiving antenna and maintaining the circular polarization characteristic of the receiving antenna.
Preferably, the radio frequency amplifying unit comprises a low noise amplifying unit, a band-pass filtering unit and a gain amplifying unit, wherein the low noise amplifying unit is used for amplifying the received satellite signals, and the band-pass filtering unit is used for weakening out-of-band interference signals.
Preferably, the signal combining unit in the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected with the simulation circuit of the radio frequency amplifying unit through a wire to form an integral radio frequency channel circuit.
Preferably, the spiral antenna main body is of a flexible hollow cylinder structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the invention, the RFID antenna printing process is adopted, nano silver is mixed in paste ink to prepare four conductive spiral arms, so that the functions of receiving and transmitting the nano silver are achieved as the functions of a traditional antenna, the nano silver has good compatibility on portable equipment through improvement of traditional antenna manufacturing materials, the structure is easier to process and the precision is higher, novel materials are selected, the antenna volume and weight are reduced, so that the requirements of the market on a portable platform are met, and meanwhile, the novel materials are used as the external protection of the antenna, and the antenna is ensured to have accurate measurement performance under various complex environments;
2. The invention also improves the radio frequency circuit of the antenna, simultaneously completes two functions of signal combining and power distribution by using the 3dB hybrid coupler, realizes miniaturization of the antenna, adopts the integrated idea, further improves the gain of the antenna on the basis of miniaturization, ensures the stability of a phase center and the coverage of a frequency band, integrally optimizes the design of the multimode navigation antenna, improves the performance of the multifrequency navigation system, and provides reference for future portable antennas based on composite materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single spiral arm structure of a GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a return loss diagram of the whole structure of the GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna;
FIG. 4 is a gain pattern of an overall structure antenna of the GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a right-hand circular polarization diagram of the whole structure of the GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna;
FIG. 6 is an axial ratio diagram of the whole structure of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a signal combining portion of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a simulation of a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna RF amplifying unit based on a GNSS flexible composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a simulation circuit of a radio frequency channel of a GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a gain map in the 1-2GHz frequency band of a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna radio frequency channel based on a GNSS flexible composite material of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the RF channel noise figure of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an in-band wave diagram of a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna radio frequency channel based on a GNSS flexible composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a power split phase shift feed network design of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a 3dB hybrid coupler design of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a power split phase shift feed network of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of the present invention based on a 3dB hybrid coupler design;
FIG. 15 is a graph of simulation results of the distribution loss of a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a GNSS flexible composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a graph of simulated return loss at each port of a GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of simulation results of the isolation of each port of the GNSS flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a graph of simulated results of phases of ports of a GNSS-based flexible composite material-based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna according to the present invention;
Fig. 19 is a radio frequency circuit diagram of a satellite navigation four-arm spiral receiving antenna of a multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on a GNSS flexible composite material.
In the figure: 1. a helical antenna main body; 2. a spiral arm; 3. a PCB board; 4. a feedback point; 5. a radio frequency circuit; 6. a first 3dB hybrid coupler; 7. a second 3dB hybrid coupler; 8. third 3dB hybrid coupler.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-19, the present invention provides a technical solution: the spiral antenna comprises a spiral antenna body 1, spiral arms 2, a PCB 3, a feedback point 4 and a radio frequency circuit 5, wherein the spiral antenna body 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the PCB 3, the number of the spiral arms 2 is four, the four spiral arms 2 are spirally fixed to the surface of the spiral antenna body 1 in the same direction, the four spiral arms 2 are arranged in an equidistant array, the spiral arms 2 are formed by combining multiple strands of flexible composite materials in a crossed spiral mode, the feedback point 4 is fixedly arranged at the top of the PCB 3 corresponding to the spiral arms 2, the radio frequency circuit 5 is fixedly embedded in the PCB 3 and the spiral antenna body 1, the spiral arms 2, the feedback point 4 and the radio frequency circuit 5 are electrically connected through wires, the radio frequency circuit 5 comprises a signal combining unit, a radio frequency amplifying unit and a power splitting feed unit, the signal combining unit comprises but is not limited by a first 3dB hybrid coupler 6, a second 3dB hybrid coupler 7 and a third 3dB hybrid coupler 8 which are electrically connected through wires, and the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8 is respectively connected with the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6 and the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7 in the first 3dB hybrid coupler and the second hybrid coupler 7 in the parallel connection.
The power split phase shift feed unit in the radio frequency circuit 5 supplies equal current amplitude to the feed ports of the four spiral arms 2, and the phase difference between the output ports of the two adjacent spiral arms 2 is 90 degrees, so that the circularly polarized radiation characteristic of the antenna is realized.
The top of the PCB 3 corresponding to the position of the spiral arm 2 is provided with a groove, the feedback points 4 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove, the four feedback points 4 respectively give the same current amplitude to the four spiral arms 2, and the two adjacent feedback points 4 give the spiral arms 2 two-by-two orthogonal feed.
The four spiral arms 2 and the maximum radiation direction form a left-hand relationship, so that the radiation characteristics of right-hand polarized waves are generated, and the size of the spiral arms 2 is obtained through formula calculation as follows: w=49.3mm, w=51.3mm, h=2mm, h1=48.75 mm, the whole device adopts an RFID antenna printing process, conductive materials are mixed in pasty ink, a circuit printed by the ink also has conductive properties, the printed circuit is formed by UV (ultraviolet) and drying and shaping after printing and shaping, the antenna function is read and written and detected, and finished products can be obtained after detection is error-free. The antenna thus made has the same receiving and transmitting functions as a conventional winding antenna, and the conductive material of the spiral arm 2 is nano silver.
The signal combining unit is used for coupling the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the satellite signal transmitted in the space received by the four spiral arms 2, coupling the right-hand circularly polarized wave into a radio frequency signal, and the power split phase shift feeding unit is used for feeding the receiving antenna and keeping the circularly polarized characteristic of the receiving antenna.
The radio frequency amplifying unit comprises a low noise amplifying unit, a band-pass filtering unit and a gain amplifying unit, wherein the low noise amplifying unit is used for amplifying a received satellite signal, the band-pass filtering unit is used for weakening out-of-band interference signals, the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6, the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7 and the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8 are all X3C21P1-03S type couplers manufactured by Anaren company, the insertion loss is 0.17dB, the gain amplifying unit selects TriQuint company ECG001F-G, and the gain in a designed frequency band can be larger than 20dB; the low-noise amplifying unit adopts an MGA-684P8 device of Avago company, and the noise coefficient of the device in a designed frequency band is not more than 0.5dB; the band-pass filtering unit selects SAW filter 857139 of TriQuint company, the insertion loss of the center frequency is 0.63dB, and the out-of-band rejection is more than 20dB; a PI-type resistance attenuation network of 1dB is interposed between the individual devices.
The signal combining unit in the radio frequency circuit 5 is electrically connected with the simulation circuit of the radio frequency amplifying unit through a wire to form an integral radio frequency channel circuit.
Preferably, the spiral antenna main body 1 is a flexible hollow cylinder structure.
Working principle: when the satellite navigation four-arm spiral antenna is used, the whole structure of the satellite navigation four-arm spiral antenna mainly comprises two parts, namely an upper spiral antenna main body 1, four spiral arms 2, a bottom PCB 3 and a radio frequency circuit 5, in order to realize the circular polarization radiation characteristic of the antenna, the current amplitudes of feed ports of the four spiral arms 2 should be equal, the phases should be different by 90 degrees, the technical scheme is designed and used for selecting the frequency band of a Beidou No. 2 satellite B11561.098MHz, the working wavelength of 0.27 times is selected as the spiral radius of the antenna, the length of the antenna with the wavelength of three times of four times surrounds three times of a cylindrical carrier, four grooves with the same size are dug in the top position of the spiral arms 2 by the PCB 3, so that four copper cylinders are placed in the four feedback points 4, the four feedback points 4 respectively give the same amplitude to the spiral antenna main body 1, two adjacent feed points are orthogonal to each other, the four spiral arms 2 of the antenna form a left hand relation with the maximum radiation direction, and thus the radiation characteristic of the right-hand polarization wave is generated, and the size of the antenna is obtained by calculation: w=49.3 mm, w=51.3 mm, h=2 mm, h1=48.75 mm;
The whole device adopts an RFID antenna printing process, nano silver is mixed in pasty ink, so that a circuit printed by the ink also has conductive property, after printing and forming, an antenna pattern is read, written and detected by UV and dried, a finished product can be obtained after detection is free of errors, the antenna which is manufactured like the traditional winding antenna has the receiving and transmitting functions, the return loss reaches the gain of-10 dB at 1.56GHz, the gain direction of the antenna can reach a certain gain in the omnidirectional direction, the result of a heart-shaped pattern is achieved, meanwhile, the maximum gain is larger than 5.6dB, the right-hand circular polarization performance reaches the forward gain in the positive direction, the gain effect can be achieved in the negative direction, the minimum value of the axial ratio is 0.2dB, and the radio frequency circuit 5 comprises three functions: the system comprises a signal combining unit, a radio frequency amplifying unit and a power split phase shift feed unit, wherein the radio frequency amplifying unit internally comprises a low noise amplifying unit, a band-pass filtering unit and a gain amplifying unit, the signal combining unit can couple right-hand circularly polarized waves of satellite signals transmitted in a space received by four spiral arms 2 to be coupled into one path of radio frequency signals, and the low noise amplifying unit circuit amplifies the received satellite signals; the band-pass filtering unit can weaken out-of-band interference signals; the power split phase shift feed unit can feed power to the receiving antenna and maintain the circular polarization characteristic of the receiving antenna, and the signal combining unit adopts a coupler of Anaren company, and the model is: X3C21P1-03S, insertion loss is 0.17dB, gain amplification unit selects TriQuint ECG001F-G, gain in designed frequency band can be larger than 20dB, low noise amplifier adopts Avago MGA-684P8 device, noise coefficient of the device in designed frequency band is not larger than 0.5dB, band-pass filter unit selects TriQuint SAW filter 857139, center frequency insertion loss is 0.63dB, out-of-band rejection is larger than 20dB, PI type resistance attenuation network of 1dB is inserted between each device, after connecting former signal combining unit with simulation circuit of radio frequency amplification unit, this is satellite navigation four-arm spiral receiving antenna radio frequency channel circuit, center frequency point gain is 30.843dB, insertion loss 3.679dB, noise coefficient simulation is 1.53dB, the out-of-band rejection is greater than 45dB, the in-band fluctuation is 1.1dB, the power division response shift feed unit is based on an X3C21P1-03S type coupler, signals are input at the input end of a first 3dB hybrid coupler 6, the direct end of the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6 is connected with the input end of a second 3dB hybrid coupler 7, the coupling end of the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6 is connected with the input end of a third 3dB hybrid coupler 8, a section of microstrip line with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and phase shift of 270 DEG is additionally arranged between the coupling end of the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6 and the input end of the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8, and the isolation ends of the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7 and the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8 are respectively connected with 50 ohms impedance and then grounded. S (1, 1) is-26.405 dB at 1.575MHz, namely the reflection coefficient of a port is very low, most of energy can be transmitted into the power divider, the distribution loss of each port is basically satisfied with-6 dB, the reflection coefficient is smaller than-20 dB, the isolation degree is basically satisfied with-25 dB, and the phase difference is satisfied with 90 degrees;
in fig. 10, where SnP1 is a low noise amplifier, snP2 and SnP3 are SAW filters, and SnP4 is a gain amplification module;
In fig. 16, where Term1 is the input end of the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6, term2 is the detection port of the through end of the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7, term3 is the detection port of the coupling end of the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7, term4 is the detection port of the through end of the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8, and Term5 is the detection port of the coupling end of the third 3dB hybrid coupler 8;
In fig. 19, in the whole radio frequency circuit 5, the device corresponding to the 3dB hybrid coupler is X3C21P1-03S, the device has 4 pins, different input terminals, through terminals, coupling terminals and isolation terminals can be allocated through different connection methods, the port 1 and the port 2 of the first 3dB hybrid coupler 6 are input terminals, and the port 1 and the port 2 of the second 3dB hybrid coupler 7 are also input terminals; the device corresponding to the low noise amplifier is characterized in that MGA-684P8,1 port is a bias voltage port, 2 port is a radio frequency input port, 7 port is a radio frequency output port or is connected with a direct current power supply, wherein a peripheral circuit is C6, L3 is used for output matching, L1, C1 and L2 are used for impedance matching, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are bypass capacitors, R4 is a stabilizing resistor, R5 is used as a bias resistor, and a specific numerical circuit diagram of the device is shown; the device corresponding to the band-pass filter is 857139-pin device, the input end of 1 port is the output end of 4 ports, and the 2 ports, the 3 ports and the 5 ports are respectively grounded; the device corresponding to the gain module is ECG001F-G,3 is a radio frequency input port, 6 is a radio frequency output port, the other 1,2, 4 and 5 are respectively grounded, wherein the peripheral circuits are C7 and C8, R7 is a bias resistor, C9 is a bypass capacitor, and L4 is a choke inductor;
The scientific principle of application is as follows:
1. How the transmission function of the antenna is implemented is an antenna which is an essential part in a radio device. Generally, antennas are required as their transmission means for operation systems that use electromagnetic waves for transmitting information. Antennas can be divided into two types depending on the nature of the operation they are used to operate: a transmit antenna and a receive antenna. The former mainly performs transmission of electromagnetic waves, and the latter mainly works to receive electromagnetic wave signals. The transmitting antenna can convert the high-frequency current signal into electromagnetic wave in space and transmit the electromagnetic wave out, and the receiving antenna can complete a reciprocal process, and can convert the electromagnetic wave in space into high-frequency current signal and transmit the high-frequency current signal to the receiver. The antenna can also radiate electromagnetic waves directionally, and the electromagnetic waves are transmitted along a certain path. Because the antenna transmits signals in a reversible process, the same antenna can achieve two purposes. If the secondary antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, it also has the ability to act as a receiving antenna and vice versa. This is also the origin of the reciprocal theorem of the antenna;
2. The polarization problem generally specifies the spatial orientation of the electric field vector as the polarization direction of the antenna radiated electromagnetic waves. The space polarized wave has three expression forms, which are linear polarized wave, circular polarized wave and elliptical polarized wave. The linear polarized wave is a specific polarized wave in space, and the biggest characteristic of the linear polarized wave in space is that the orientation is fixed and unchanged, unlike other polarized waves. For circularly polarized waves and elliptically polarized waves, when the electric field vector changes with time, the shape of the pattern formed by the end points of the electric field vector on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is an ellipse, and such electromagnetic waves are called elliptically polarized waves. If formed in a circular shape, such electromagnetic waves are called circularly polarized waves. Both polarized waves have a left-handed and right-handed nature. In general, when an observer observes along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves, the rotation direction of the vector end point is clockwise right-hand polarized waves, and conversely left-hand polarized waves. Two orthogonal linear polarized waves can be synthesized into a circular polarized wave when the amplitudes are equal and the phase difference is 90 degrees, and when one of the amplitudes or the phases does not meet the condition of synthesizing the circular polarized wave, the two orthogonal linear polarized waves are combined into an elliptical polarized wave;
3. Determination of parameters of the physical structure of a quadrifilar helix antenna a conventional quadrifilar helix antenna structure is shown in figure 1.
The whole antenna can be regarded as a structure composed of four spiral arms spirally rising to the same height around a certain rotation axis. Each individual spiral arm 2 is mλ/4 in length (M is a positive integer and λ is the operating wavelength). When M is an odd number, the spiral arm terminal is in an open terminal structure; when M is even, the spiral arm terminal is a terminal shorting structure. In order to ensure the normal operation of the antenna, four feed points of the antenna should be fed with the same amplitude and 90 degrees phase difference. The formula for determining the structural parameters of the antenna is:
Wherein L ax is the axial length (i.e. height) of the spiral arm; n is the number of turns of the spiral arm; l ele is the length of each spiral arm, the spiral arm length is λM/4, and there is a gap between A and M: when M is an odd number, a=1; when M is even, a=2: is the radius of the spiral arm rotating about the axis. Each parameter has an effect on the quadrifilar helix antenna configuration and also on the quadrifilar helix antenna radiation characteristics.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna based on the GNSS flexible composite material is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a spiral antenna main body (1), spiral arms (2), a PCB (printed circuit board) (3), feedback points (4) and a radio frequency circuit (5), wherein the spiral antenna main body (1) is fixedly connected to the top of the PCB (3), the number of the spiral arms (2) is four, the four spiral arms (2) are spirally fixed on the surface of the spiral antenna main body (1) according to the same direction, the four spiral arms (2) are arranged in an equidistant array, the spiral arms (2) are formed by combining multiple strands of flexible composite materials in a crossed spiral manner, the feedback points (4) are fixedly arranged at the top of the PCB (3) corresponding to the positions of the spiral arms (2), the radio frequency circuit (5) is fixedly embedded in the PCB (3) and the spiral antenna main body (1), the spiral arms (2), the feedback points (4) and the radio frequency circuit (5) are electrically connected through wires, the radio frequency circuit (5) comprises a signal combining unit, a radio frequency amplifying unit and a power splitting feed unit, the signal combining unit comprises a first mixer (3 dB coupler), a second mixer (6 dB coupler (3 dB coupler) and a third coupler (7 dB coupler (3 dB coupler) which are electrically connected through wires, and a third coupler (3 dB coupler) and a third coupler (3 dB coupler) respectively in the series (3 dB coupler) respectively, and the first 3dB hybrid coupler (6) and the second 3dB hybrid coupler (7) are connected in parallel in the signal combining unit.
2. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the power phase-shifting feed unit in the radio frequency circuit (5) supplies equal current amplitude to the feed ports of the four spiral arms (2), and the phase difference between the output ports of the two adjacent spiral arms (2) is 90 degrees.
3. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the top of the PCB (3) corresponding to the spiral arm (2) is provided with a groove, feedback points (4) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove, the four feedback points (4) respectively give the same current amplitude to the four spiral arms (2), and two adjacent feedback points (4) give the spiral arm (2) two-to-two orthogonal feed.
4. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the four spiral arms (2) and the maximum radiation direction form a left-hand relationship, the whole device adopts an RFID antenna printing process, conductive materials are mixed in pasty printing ink, and the conductive materials of the spiral arms (2) are made into nano silver through UV (ultraviolet) and drying and shaping after printing and shaping.
5. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the signal combining unit is used for coupling the right-hand circularly polarized waves of satellite signals transmitted in the space received by the four spiral arms (2) to form a radio frequency signal, and the power split phase shift feeding unit is used for feeding power to the receiving antenna and keeping the circularly polarized characteristic of the receiving antenna.
6. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency amplification unit internally comprises a low-noise amplification unit, a band-pass filtering unit and a gain amplification unit, wherein the low-noise amplification unit is used for amplifying received satellite signals, and the band-pass filtering unit is used for weakening out-of-band interference signals.
7. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the signal combining unit in the radio frequency circuit (5) is electrically connected with the simulation circuit of the radio frequency amplifying unit through a wire to form an integral radio frequency channel circuit.
8. The GNSS flexible composite based multi-constellation satellite navigation antenna of claim 1, wherein: the spiral antenna main body (1) is of a flexible hollow cylinder structure.
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| CN209993720U (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-01-24 | 南京光佑电子科技有限公司 | Beidou integrated GNSS three-constellation receiving antenna |
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| US20080303714A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-11 | Ezal Kenan O | Compact single-aperture antenna and navigation system |
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