CN115292947B - Experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristic and thermal effect of DBD plasma reactor - Google Patents

Experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristic and thermal effect of DBD plasma reactor Download PDF

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CN115292947B
CN115292947B CN202210980015.3A CN202210980015A CN115292947B CN 115292947 B CN115292947 B CN 115292947B CN 202210980015 A CN202210980015 A CN 202210980015A CN 115292947 B CN115292947 B CN 115292947B
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CN115292947A (en
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毛保全
赵其进
白向华
王之千
徐振辉
张新喜
杨雨迎
贺珍妮
范格华
李嘉麒
李华
韩小平
陈春林
朱锐
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Academy of Armored Forces of PLA
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Abstract

The invention discloses a discharge characteristic and thermal effect experimental test evaluation analysis method of a DBD plasma reactor, which is characterized in that a coaxial-cylindrical DBD reactor experimental system is set up, the effectiveness of discharge power measurement by a Q-V Lissajous graphic method is verified based on a Q-V Lissajous graphic method and a calorimetry method and compared with an instantaneous power method, the effectiveness of thermal effect measurement of the reactor by the calorimetry method is verified by comparing with experimental data of an electric heater, the accuracy and the scientificity of experimental test results are further effectively improved, and meanwhile, the influence rules of parameters such as different discharge voltage, discharge frequency, gas flow speed and gas temperature on the discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency of a lower DBD reactor are researched by considering the change of the thermodynamic parameters of gas along with the temperature, so that the blank of the discharge characteristic and thermal effect experimental test method of the reactor is made up, and important guidance is provided for the optimization design of the DBD reactor parameters in a plurality of application scenes.

Description

Experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristic and thermal effect of DBD plasma reactor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of experimental test analysis of a plasma reactor, in particular to an experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristics and thermal effect of a DBD plasma reactor.
Background
Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) is a discharge mode in which low-temperature plasma is generated between electrodes interposed in an insulating dielectric using a high-frequency alternating current power source or a pulse power source. In different applications, the discharge characteristics of the DBD reactor have significant effects on the operating state, performance and operating cost of the equipment, so the change rule of the characteristics such as the discharge power of the reactor under different discharge parameters is very important. Meanwhile, the development of aerospace technology and military technology is promoted by the new application of DBD plasma discharge in the fields of aircraft surface deicing and ice prevention, plasma auxiliary combustion and the like. Therefore, the improvement of the thermal power and the thermal efficiency in the discharging process plays an important role in improving the deicing and anti-icing effects of the aircraft and the plasma auxiliary combustion effect.
At present, in the prior art, only the discharge voltage, the discharge frequency and the gas flow rate can be preliminarily researched to change the discharge performance of the DBD reactor, but the research conclusion on the influence rule of the discharge power cannot be agreed, and in addition, the influence of the gas flow temperature on the discharge performance cannot be paid enough attention;
meanwhile, the prior art carries out a great deal of research on the heating mechanism and the heat energy transfer of the DBD reactor under different discharge parameters, but has less quantitative research and analysis on the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the reactor, and in airplane deicing and plasma-assisted combustion, the improvement of the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor has important significance on optimizing the power supply and the electrical parameters of the reactor, so that a better effect is obtained under the condition of limited power input.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to solve the problems proposed in the background art, experimental test, evaluation and analysis methods for discharge characteristics and thermal effect of the DBD plasma reactor are proposed;
the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the experimental test evaluation analysis method for the discharge characteristic and the thermal effect of the DBD plasma reactor comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and analyzing experimental data, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, measuring the discharge power of the DBD reactor by adopting a Q-V Lissajous figure method;
s12, obtaining thermal power transferred from the DBD reactor to the air by adopting a calorimetry method in combination with the change of physical parameters of the air along with the temperature;
s13, analyzing to obtain uncertainty of the thermal efficiency by taking the average value of 3 experiments as a final data result;
s2, experimental verification: verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor, the effectiveness of a power testing method and a calculating method;
s3, experimental results and discussion, which specifically comprise:
s31, analyzing the influence of the discharge voltage on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
s32, analyzing the influence of the discharge frequency on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
s33, analyzing the influence of the inlet flow rate on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
s34, analyzing the influence of the inlet temperature on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
s4, obtaining a conclusion that: according to the experimental test and research result of the thermal efficiency of the wire-cylinder DBD reactor, the conclusion of the influence of discharge voltage, discharge power, gas flow velocity and gas flow temperature factors on discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency in the reactor is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the DBD plasma reactor discharge characteristic and thermal effect experimental test evaluation analysis method has the following beneficial effects:
the discharge power of the DBD reactor is measured by adopting a Q-V Lissajous graphic method, and the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor are measured by adopting a calorimetric method; the effectiveness of the Q-V Lissajous graph method for measuring the discharge power is verified by comparing with an instantaneous power method, the effectiveness of the calorimetric method for measuring the heat effect of the reactor is verified by comparing with the experimental data of the electric heater, and the accuracy and the scientificity of the experimental test result are further effectively improved.
According to the invention, by considering the change of thermodynamic parameters of gas along with temperature, the influence rule of parameters such as different discharge voltages, discharge frequencies, gas flow rates and gas temperatures on the discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency of the lower DBD reactor is researched, and the physical mechanism of the gas is disclosed, so that the blank of the experimental test method for the discharge characteristic and the thermal effect of the coaxial-cylindrical DBD reactor is filled, and important guidance is provided for the optimization design of parameters of the DBD reactor in the application scenes of DBD discharge in aircraft surface flow control, ozone preparation, material surface modification and application of the DBD reactor in airplane deicing and plasma auxiliary combustion.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus of a coaxial cartridge type DBD experiment system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristics and thermal effects of a DBD plasma reactor;
FIG. 3 is V pp ＝18kV，f h Graph of voltage across the DBD reactor and current in the loop at =20 kHz;
FIG. 4 is a Q-V Lissajous plot at different discharge voltages and frequencies;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of gas flow temperature, discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency with peak-to-peak voltage at the outlet of a DBD reactor at a gas flow inlet velocity of 12m/s and a temperature of 400K at different discharge frequencies;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of gas flow temperature, discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency at the outlet of the reactor with discharge frequency at different discharge voltages with a gas flow inlet velocity of 12m/s and a gas flow temperature of 400K;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of gas flow temperature, discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency at the outlet of the reactor with gas flow rate under different discharge voltages, at a discharge frequency of 12kHz and at a temperature of 400K;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the temperature of the gas stream at the outlet of the reactor, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency as a function of the gas temperature at different discharge voltages at a gas inlet velocity of 12m/s and a temperature of 400K.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an experimental test evaluation analysis method for discharge characteristics and thermal effects of a DBD plasma reactor, which uses a coaxial cylinder type DBD experimental system before implementation, please refer to figure 1, wherein the system comprises an alternating current DBD discharge device, a hot air flow generating device, a testing device and the like. The alternating current DBD discharge device comprises an alternating current plasma power supply and a self-made coaxial tubular dielectric barrier reactor. The frequency of the plasma power supply can be adjusted, and the output voltage of the plasma power supply can be adjusted through an external voltage regulator, so that the peak-to-peak voltage adjustment of 0-25kV and the frequency adjustment of 5-25kHZ can be realized.
The high voltage electrode in the bobbin-type DBD reactor is positioned in the center of the cylinder and has a diameter d h Is 3mm and has a length L 0 Is a 400mm stainless steel rod; the insulating medium between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode is oxygen with the purity of 99 percentDiameter d of the aluminum ceramic tube and the medium tube in ＝2r in Is 30mm in outside diameter d out ＝2r out Is 40mm; and a layer of fine stainless steel thin net is wrapped outside the discharge medium and used as a grounding electrode.
The hot air flow generating device comprises a three-phase variable frequency fan, and an air control valve and a rotor flowmeter are arranged at the outlet of the fan. The air flow can be adjusted at will in a wide range of 0-500L/min by adjusting the frequency of the fan and controlling the valve, the air at the outlet of the fan enters the horizontal storage tank through the flexible hose, the electric heater is installed in the storage tank, the inner cavity of the heater is provided with a plurality of guide plates for guiding the flow direction of the air and prolonging the detention time of the air in the inner cavity of the heater, so that the air is uniformly and fully heated. The rated power of the electric heater adopted in the research is 6kW, and the 380V three-phase power supply supplies power, so that the effective heating of air under different flow rates can be realized.
The intelligent temperature control box regulates and controls the temperature of an inlet and an outlet of the air storage tank, has a temperature prediction function, and can adjust the on-off and heating power of a power supply in real time according to the temperature change of the outlet of the air storage tank, so that the air temperature at the outlet can be accurately controlled. Air flows into the DBD plasma reactor from the outlet of the heating tank after reaching the set temperature through the heater, generates discharge reaction in the reactor and then flows out of the medium pipe of the reactor. In order to ensure the uniformity of air flowing into and out of the reactor, air development areas with certain lengths are reserved in front of and behind the reactor.
The testing device comprises a DBD discharge power testing device and a temperature testing device. Wherein, the discharge voltage, current and power of the DBD reactor are measured by a high voltage probe connected to the high voltage electrode of the reactor and a low voltage probe mounted on the ground electrode. The probe data is collected and processed by an oscilloscope and a notebook computer. The thermal power generated by discharging and used for heating air is measured by a high-temperature thermocouple arranged at the outlet of the gas storage tank and a thermocouple arranged at the outlet of the medium pipe, and a multichannel temperature acquisition module and upper computer software are adopted for acquiring temperature signals. In addition, parameters such as the density and the mass flow of air at the outlet of the fan need to be calculated by combining the air temperature, and the gas temperature at the position of the fan is normal temperature, so a thermocouple with high precision is adopted for measurement.
In addition, since the temperature distribution of the gas flow over the cross-section of the cylindrical tube at the outlet of the reactor is generally not uniform, inaccurate temperature measurement at the outlet may result. In order to solve the problem, a vortex generator is arranged on the front side of the outlet, so that the air flow with higher temperature in the center of the circular tube is mixed with the air flow with lower temperature on the wall surface violently, and the temperature on the cross section of the circular tube at the outlet is uniformly distributed.
Through the introduction, the experimental system can realize the adjustment of parameters such as the discharge voltage, the discharge frequency, the flow rate of the air flow, the temperature and the like of the DBD reactor in a wide range, so that the influence of the parameters on the discharge characteristic and the thermal effect of the DBD reactor can be researched.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a discharge characteristic and thermal effect experimental test evaluation analysis method for a DBD plasma reactor, including the following steps:
s1, measuring and analyzing experimental data, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, measuring the discharge power of the DBD reactor by adopting a Q-V Lissajous figure method;
specifically, in the step S11, the high-frequency voltage instantaneous value U of the DBD plasma reactor is obtained through measurement of a high-voltage probe h And discharge frequency f h And by alternately connecting resistors R in series in the discharge circuit m And a capacitor C m Measuring instantaneous value of reactor current I h And the quantity of charge Q delivered during discharge m Wherein, I h By cascading R in the DBD discharge circuit m And measured by a low-voltage probe to obtain, Q m By connecting capacitors C in series in the discharge circuit m And measuring C with a low-voltage probe m Voltage value U at both ends m And is thus calculated. On the basis, the discharge power of the DBD reactor is calculated by drawing a Q-V Lissajous figure, which is marked as P d 。
It should be noted that the ratio of the series capacitance to the reactor equivalent capacitance is preferably from 1 to 10000, and the resistance and capacitance in series between the ground electrode and ground in this study are calculated to be 20 ohms and 1 μ F, respectively. Because the capacitance value of the series connection is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the reactor, the influence on the measurement accuracy of the discharge current and the discharge power after the capacitors are connected in series can be ignored.
When connecting in series C m When discharging, the instantaneous current I flowing through the loop m Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003800033170000071
The average discharge power in one cycle can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003800033170000072
Voltage U measured by high voltage probe h And C m Amount of electric charge Q at both ends m A closed Q-V Lissajous figure which is approximate to a parallelogram can be obtained as the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the x-y coordinate system respectively. From this, the product of the area of the lissajous figure and the discharge frequency is the discharge power.
S12, obtaining thermal power transferred from the DBD reactor to the air by adopting a calorimetry method in combination with the change of physical parameters of the air along with the temperature;
specifically, the specific content in step S12 includes:
extracting the change of physical parameters of the air along with the temperature, wherein the relationship between the density rho and the temperature T of the air under different temperatures of standard atmospheric pressure is as follows:
Figure BDA0003800033170000081
specific heat of air C p The change of the data base is referred to an air physical property parameter database, and the least square method is adopted for fitting to obtain C p ＝aT 4 +bT 3 +cT 2 + dT + e, where a =4.0444 × 10 -10 ,b＝-1.4976×10 -6 ，c＝0.001934，d＝-0.8142，e＝1113.69；
The air flow with different volume flow rates Q can be obtained by controlling the fan according to the density of the air at the inletDegree rho 0 Calculating the mass flow rate of air
Figure BDA0003800033170000082
According to the thermophysical parameters of the air heated by the storage tube, calculating to obtain the flow velocity of the air at the inlet of the DBD reactor
Figure BDA0003800033170000083
In the formula, ρ in Is the density of the heated air;
measuring the thermal power transferred to air by using a calorimetric method, wherein when the DBD reactor and the gas flow reach a stable state, the temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor is basically kept unchanged, and the thermal power of the reactor is
Figure BDA0003800033170000084
In the formula, C p,in And C p,out Respectively the constant pressure specific heat of air at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor; t is in And T out The temperatures of the air at the inlet and outlet of the reactor, respectively; c is to be p,in And C p,out The average value of the pressure difference is used as the average constant pressure specific heat of the air in the reactor;
the thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003800033170000085
S13, analyzing to obtain uncertainty of the heat efficiency by taking the average value of the 3 experiments as a final data result;
specifically, to reduce the occasional error of the experiment, the average of 3 experiments was used as the final data result. The uncertainty of the experimental result is mainly related to the measurement errors of parameters such as air flow, discharge voltage, discharge frequency, discharge current, air temperature and the like and the machining error of the size of the circular tube, and according to the uncertainty analysis theory of the experimental result, the specific heat C at constant pressure p Mass flow rate of
Figure BDA0003800033170000091
Flow rate u 0 Discharge power p d Thermal power p a And the measurement error of the thermal efficiency η can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003800033170000092
Figure BDA0003800033170000093
Figure BDA0003800033170000094
Figure BDA0003800033170000095
Figure BDA0003800033170000096
Figure BDA0003800033170000097
Figure BDA0003800033170000098
considering that the temperature at the inlet of the fan is 298.15K, the maximum temperature at the inlet of the reactor is 650K, and the maximum temperature at the outlet of the reactor is 900K, and analyzing to obtain the uncertainty of different parameters according to the measurement accuracy of the experimental test instrument, as shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the uncertainty of the thermal efficiency is 3.74%, and the experimental system has higher accuracy.
TABLE 1 uncertainty of experimental parameters
Figure BDA0003800033170000101
S2, experimental verification: verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor, the effectiveness of a power testing method and a calculating method;
specifically, the verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor, the validity of the power testing method and the calculating method in the step S2 includes:
verifying the reasonability of the design of the experimental device and the effectiveness of the calculation method when the peak voltage V is pp 18kV, discharge frequency f h At 20KHz, the voltage across the reactor and the current in the loop were obtained. As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the discharge voltage is basically a standard sine waveform, and the current in the loop has a plurality of high-amplitude pulses, which are caused by the micro-discharge between the electrodes in the discharge period to cause rapid impedance change in the reactor, and the waveform morphology of the obtained voltage and current is compared with the waveform obtained by measurement to be more consistent, so that the rationality of the designed DBD plasma reactor is verified;
in order to verify the effectiveness of the power testing method, the testing results of the Q-V Lissajous graphic method and the instantaneous power method are compared, wherein the instantaneous power method directly measures voltage and current signals of the plasma reactor during working by using a voltage probe and a current probe, and then measures the discharge power by using the product of the discharge voltage and the discharge current. Lissajous curves for DBD discharge at several different discharge voltage and frequency combinations are shown in FIG. 4, where it can be seen that: when the discharge frequency is less than or equal to 16kHz, the Q-V Lissajous figure basically presents a symmetrical parallelogram; and calculating to obtain different discharge voltages and frequencies (1)V) pp ＝16kV,f h ＝23kHz，②V pp ＝19kV,f h ＝16kHz，③V pp ＝20kV,f h ＝15kHz，④V pp ＝21kV,f h Discharge power at =13 kHz.
The power for both methods is shown in table 2. It can be seen that the difference between the power measurement results of the two methods is not large, and basically kept within 6%, and the effectiveness of the power test method and the test result adopted by the research is verified.
TABLE 2 comparison of power measurement results of Q-V Lissajous graph method and instantaneous power method under different discharge voltages and frequencies
Figure BDA0003800033170000111
Figure BDA0003800033170000121
In order to verify the effectiveness of the thermal power testing equipment and the calculation method, experiments are carried out in a mode that a metal fin electric heating tube with the resistance value of 100 ohms (the thermal efficiency reaches more than 96%) is installed in a cylinder, and the effectiveness of the thermal power testing result and the calculation method is verified. When the air inlet flow rate was 12m/s and the cylinder inlet temperature was 400K, the calculated thermal power and the actual power consumed by the heater according to calorimetry were as shown in Table 3 for different electric heater tube powers. It can be seen that the measured thermal power is not much different from the actual thermal power, and its value is slightly lower than the actual power, the measurement error is kept between 5% and 10%, and the average error is about 7.47%, the reasons for the above errors are related to the non-uniformity of the air temperature distribution on the cross section of the circular tube and the variation of the thermal efficiency of the electric heating tube under different heating powers. The experimental example shows that the method adopted by the research can effectively measure the thermal power and the thermal efficiency in the reaction tube.
TABLE 3 comparison of calculated value and actual value of electrothermal tube thermal power
Figure BDA0003800033170000122
Figure BDA0003800033170000131
In this embodiment, the present invention employs a Q-V lissajous diagram method to measure the discharge power of the DBD reactor, and employs an experimental analysis method of calorimetry to measure the thermal power and thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor; the effectiveness of the Q-V Lissajous graph method for measuring the discharge power is verified by comparing with an instantaneous power method, the effectiveness of the calorimetric method for measuring the heat effect of the reactor is verified by comparing with the experimental data of the electric heater, and the accuracy and the scientificity of the experimental test result are further effectively improved.
S3, experimental results and discussion, which specifically comprise:
s31, analyzing the influence of the discharge voltage on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
specifically, when the inlet velocity of the gas flow was 12m/s and the temperature was 400K under the conditions of discharge frequencies of 8kHz, 12kHz, 16kHz, and 20kHz, the temperature of the gas flow at the outlet of the DBD reactor, the discharge power, the thermal power, and the thermal efficiency were constructed as a function of the peak-to-peak voltage of the discharge (15 kV to 22 kV). As shown in fig. 5, the discharge power of the ac DBD increases as the peak-to-peak value of the excitation voltage increases at the same discharge frequency. This is because the larger the applied excitation voltage, the more intense the ionization of the discharge gap, and the discharge current and discharge power increase.
Fitting the corresponding relation between the discharge power and the discharge voltage by adopting an exponential function, wherein the fitting functions and the determination coefficients under different discharge frequencies are as follows:
Figure BDA0003800033170000141
Figure BDA0003800033170000142
Figure BDA0003800033170000143
Figure BDA0003800033170000144
therefore, the determination coefficients are all larger than 0.99, the parameter fitting result is good, the equivalent capacitance of the insulating medium can be changed due to the change of the discharge voltage, and the ionization degree of the gas is increased along with the increase of the discharge voltage, so that the equivalent resistance of the plasma in the discharge gap is reduced along with the increase of the voltage, and the discharge power and the peak-to-peak voltage are in the exponential relation. According to the temperature of the gas at the outlet, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of DBD discharge are calculated, and the thermal power is increased and the thermal efficiency is increased along with the increase of peak-to-peak voltage under the same discharge frequency;
when f is h Is 8kHz, V pp When the voltage is increased from 15kV to 23kV, eta is increased from 55.25% to 68.47%; when f is h At 12kHz, eta is increased from 60.23% to 73.92%; when f is h At 16kHz, η increases from 64.43% to 77.59%, and when f is h At 20kHz, η increased from 69.95% to 81.79%, further indicating that as the discharge voltage increased, more energy was transferred from the energetic electrons to the heavy particles during discharge.
From the physical mechanism of thermal efficiency conversion, firstly, as the discharge voltage increases, the ionization degree and the discharge uniformity of the plasma are enhanced, more high-energy electrons will appear in the gas, and the kinetic energy of the high-energy electrons in the plasma increases; secondly, according to the particle collision theory, the energy transfer efficiency between electrons and heavy particles is much higher than that between heavy particles, thereby causing the energy transferred from electrons to heavy particles to be improved in each collision process; in addition, due to the increase of the discharge voltage and the electric field intensity between the electrodes, the movement speed of electrons and ions is accelerated, so that the collision frequency between different particles in the plasma is increased, the kinetic energy in the electrons is transferred to the heavy particles in a larger proportion, the thermal movement speed of the heavy particles is increased, and the improvement of the gas temperature and the thermal efficiency is represented in a macroscopic manner.
S32, analyzing the influence of the discharge frequency on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
specifically, when the inlet velocity of the gas stream was 12m/s and the temperature was 400K under the discharge voltage of 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, curves of the gas stream temperature, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency at the outlet of the reactor with the discharge frequency (7 kHz-23 kHz) were constructed. As shown in fig. 6, at the same discharge voltage, as the discharge frequency increases, the discharge power of the DBD reactor shows an inverted "V" shape that increases and then decreases, and at the stage of the discharge power decreasing, the power and the frequency are approximately linear.
The DBD reactor can be equivalent to a parallel connection of a nonlinear resistor and a capacitor, and a pump power supply including a booster forms a network including an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor, so that resonance occurs at a certain power supply frequency. The ionization intensity in the air gap is greatest when the discharge frequency is the resonant frequency, and decreases as the discharge frequency continues to increase. The reason for generating the frequency abnormal characteristic is the resonance of the equivalent capacitance of the insulation medium of the DBD reactor and the leakage inductance of the voltage regulator coil, according to the ionization mechanism, along with the increase of the discharge frequency of the alternating current DBD, the breakdown voltage is changed in a V shape which is firstly reduced and then increased, and the corresponding discharge frequency when the breakdown voltage is minimum is called as the resonance frequency f of the system 0 . The smaller the breakdown voltage, the more easily ionization occurs in the air gap, the greater the discharge intensity, resulting in an increase in discharge power, at the same discharge voltage. Therefore, according to the "V" shaped change of the breakdown voltage, the discharge power shows the tendency of the inverted "V" shape in the experimental result as the discharge frequency increases, and the maximum value of the discharge power appears at the resonance frequency f 0 To (3).
Meanwhile, the resonance frequency shows a tendency to decrease as the discharge voltage increases, for example, when the discharge voltage is 16kV, the resonance frequency f 0 About 10kHz; when the discharge voltage is 22kV, f 0 This is due to the fact that as the discharge voltage increases, the discharge intensity and the equivalent volume of the discharge area increase, which increases the equivalent capacitance of the insulating medium and consequently the resonance frequency of the system decreases.
It can be known from the temperature calculation at the reactor outlet in the variation curve that the thermal power also shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing in accordance with the discharge power of the DBD reactor. However, under the same discharge voltage, the thermal efficiency shows a monotonous increasing trend along with the increase of the discharge frequency;
at the same time, when V pp Is 169v h When the frequency is increased from 7kHz to 23kHz, eta is increased from 58.36% to 73.19%; when V is pp At 18kV, eta is increased from 60.60% to 77.59%; when V is pp At 20kV, eta is increased from 63.32% to 80.09%; when V is pp At 22kV, η increased from 66.66% to 82.76%. From the physical mechanism of thermal efficiency conversion, when the discharge frequency is less than f 0 Then, as the discharge frequency increases, the number of discharges per unit time increases, and the probability of electron annihilation decreases, which means that the number of electrons in the discharge gap increases in one cycle; furthermore, an increase in the discharge frequency will increase the electron energy and the frequency of collisions of electrons with other heavy particles, resulting in an increase in the energy transferred to the heavy particles.
It is further shown that the thermal efficiency increases with increasing frequency. When the discharge efficiency is greater than f 0 In this case, although the discharge power decreases with an increase in the frequency and the average kinetic energy of the energetic electrons decreases, the thermal efficiency enhancement effect due to an increase in the collision frequency is greater than the suppression of the thermal efficiency due to a decrease in the discharge power, and finally, it also appears that the thermal efficiency increases with an increase in the discharge power.
Further, it can be found from fig. 6 that when the discharge frequency exceeds a certain value, the tendency of the increase in the thermal efficiency becomes gentle. This is because when the frequency is too large, electrons accelerate and decelerate more frequently in the electric field of the discharge gap, and the electron freedom Cheng Bianduan makes the electrons gain further less kinetic energy in the electric field and ionization more difficult, so that the energy transferred to the heavy particles by collisions decreases with it, eventually resulting in insignificant thermal efficiency at higher discharge frequencies as the frequency increases further.
S33, analyzing the influence of the inlet flow rate on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
specifically, when the discharge voltage was 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, the discharge frequency was 12kHz and the gas flow temperature was 400K, curves of the gas flow temperature at the outlet of the reactor, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency as a function of the gas flow rate (2 m/s to 22 m/s) were constructed. As shown in fig. 7, as the gas flow rate increases, the discharge power tends to increase slightly and then decrease; the gas flow has a disturbance effect on the discharge micro-channel, when the flow rate of the gas is small, the increase of the flow rate of the gas is beneficial to improving the continuity and uniformity of discharge, so that the breakdown voltage of a discharge gap is reduced to a certain extent, and the discharge intensity and the discharge power are improved; on the other hand, however, the discharge filament path in the DBD reactor will move along the gas flow direction, and the moving distance is in positive correlation with the gas flow rate, so that part of the active species (mainly unexcited metastable species) have a short residence time in the reaction region, and are blown out of the discharge region by the gas flow before ionization, resulting in a reduction in the area of the effective discharge region in the cylinder, and thus the discharge power starts to decrease instead as the gas flow rate continues to increase.
The calculation of the change of the gas temperature at the outlet in the change curve shows that under the same discharge voltage, the thermal power of the DBD reactor also shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the gas flow rate; moreover, as the flow rate increases, the thermal efficiency as a whole tends to decrease; from a physical mechanism, on the one hand, the directional motion of the particles in the direction of the gas flow reduces the collision frequency between electrons and heavy particles to some extent; on the other hand, in addition to the active particles, some of the high-energy electrons are blown out of the reaction region under the action of the gas flow, and the electrons are no longer accelerated by the electric field in the discharge air gap, so that energy cannot be accumulated continuously, and the energy transferred to the heavy particles due to collision is reduced. The above causes ultimately decrease in thermal efficiency with increasing air flow velocity.
It is further shown that the suppression of the thermal efficiency by the gas flow rate decreases with increasing discharge voltage. When V is pp At 16kV, when the speed at the inlet is increased from 2m/s to 22m/s, eta is reduced from 69.96% to 59.33%; when V is pp At 18KV, eta is reduced from 70.09% to 63.10%; when V is pp At 20KV, eta is reduced from 71.49% to 65.65%; when V is pp At 22KV, eta is reduced from 76.04% to 70.35%. This is because, as the discharge voltage increases, the charged particles have a higher migration velocity in the electric field than at a low discharge voltageThe speed of migration is much higher than the speed of movement of the reaction zone under the action of the gas flow, so that the proportion of high-energy electrons blown out of the reaction zone by the gas flow is reduced, and the thermal efficiency is reduced by a smaller extent than under the condition of low discharge voltage.
S34, analyzing the influence of the inlet temperature on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
specifically, when the discharge voltage was 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, the discharge frequency was 12kHz, and the gas flow rate at the inlet was 12m/s, curves of the gas flow temperature at the outlet of the reactor, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency as a function of the gas flow rate (400K-650K) were constructed;
as shown in fig. 8, at a certain discharge voltage, the discharge power increases monotonically and in small magnitude as the temperature of the gas stream increases. When V is pp Is 169v, T in Increasing from 300K to 650K, P d Increased from 116.57W to 130.42W; when V is pp At 18kV, P d Increased from 734.45W to 778.96W; when V is pp At 20kV, P d Increased from 734.45W to 778.96W; when V is pp At 22kV, P d The discharge power is increased from 734.45W to 778.96W, because the kinetic energy of the particles in the DBD reactor is increased due to the increase of the gas temperature, so that the ionization intensity between the discharge gaps is strengthened, and the discharge power is increased.
It can be found from the calculation of the temperature of the gas flow at the outlet in fig. 8 that, at the same discharge voltage, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency also show an increasing trend as the temperature of the gas flow increases. When V is pp Is 169v, T in When the K is increased to 650K from 300K, the eta is increased to 66.94% from 59.45%; when V is pp At 18kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%; when V is pp At 20kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%; when V is pp At 22kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%, and as the temperature of the gas flow increases, the ionization intensity and the kinetic energy of the high-energy electrons increase; in addition, the thermal motion of the heavy particles also becomes more intense with an increase in temperature, resulting in an increase in the frequency of collisions of electrons with the heavy particles and the energy transferred to the heavy particles due to the collisions, ultimately resulting in an increase in the thermal efficiency of the DBD discharge. In addition, the reactor is usedRoot mean square velocity u of thermal motion of medium particles a The relationship with the gas temperature can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003800033170000191
It can be seen that as the gas temperature increases, the magnitude of the increase in the average velocity of thermal movement of the particles becomes smaller, thereby resulting in a smaller strengthening effect of the temperature increase on the inter-particle collision frequency, resulting in a more gradual increase in thermal efficiency.
S4, obtaining a conclusion that: according to the experimental test and research results of the thermal efficiency of the wire-cylinder DBD reactor, the conclusion of the influence of discharge voltage, discharge power, gas flow speed and gas flow temperature factors on discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency in the reactor is obtained.
It should be noted that, a thermal efficiency experimental test system for a line-cylinder type DBD reactor is built herein, and the influence of discharge voltage, discharge power, gas flow velocity, gas flow temperature and other factors on discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency in the reactor is studied, so as to obtain the following main conclusions:
(1) The discharge power and thermal efficiency of an ac DBD plasma reactor increases with increasing peak-to-peak value of the excitation voltage. Since the ionization degree of gas and the uniformity of discharge are improved as the discharge voltage is increased, the kinetic energy of high-energy electrons is increased, thereby causing more energy to be transferred from the electrons to heavy particles by collision, resulting in an increase in thermal efficiency.
(2) Along with the increase of the discharge frequency, the discharge power and the thermal power show inverse V-shaped deformation which is increased firstly and then reduced, and the discharge frequency and the thermal power have maximum values due to the existence of the resonant frequency of the system; however, the thermal efficiency shows a monotonous increasing trend along with the increase of the frequency, which is mainly due to the fact that the increase of the discharge frequency increases the collision frequency of high-energy electrons and other heavy particles, and the transfer of thermal energy is promoted.
(3) As the velocity of the gas flow in the cylinder increases, the discharge power and the thermal power also show a tendency to increase slightly and then decrease, which is due to the improvement of the discharge uniformity and the blowing effect of the gas flow on the active particles. The thermal efficiency decreases with increasing gas flow rate due to attenuation of the energy of the electrons after the energetic electrons are blown out of the reaction zone by the gas flow and a decrease in the frequency of collisions between the electrons and the heavy particles.
(4) The discharge power increases monotonically and slightly with increasing gas flow temperature, which results from the increasing gas temperature causing the particles to increase in kinetic energy, thereby making ionization in the gap more likely to occur. The thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor also increases with increasing gas temperature, mainly due to the fact that the thermal motion of the heavy particles becomes more intense with increasing temperature, thus increasing the frequency of collisions with energetic electrons.
(5) The effect of the discharge voltage is most pronounced in terms of the control effect of the thermal power of the ac DBD reactor, the gas flow rate showing a negative effect, while the discharge frequency has an optimum value and this value is near the resonance frequency of the reactor. Therefore, the electrical parameters of the DBD reactor are reasonably designed, the resonant frequency of the system is improved, the discharge voltage and the discharge frequency are optimally configured, and the optimization of the thermal power in the application occasions such as airplane deicing and plasma auxiliary combustion can be realized.
In the embodiment, by considering the change of thermodynamic parameters of gas along with temperature, the influence rule of parameters such as different discharge voltages, discharge frequencies, gas flow rates and gas temperatures on the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the lower DBD reactor is researched, and the physical mechanism of the DBD reactor is disclosed, so that the blank of the test method for the discharge characteristic and the thermal effect of the coaxial-cylindrical DBD reactor is made up, and important guidance can be provided for the optimization design of parameters of the DBD reactor in the application scenes of DBD discharge in aircraft surface flow control, ozone preparation, material surface modification and application of the DBD reactor in airplane deicing and plasma-assisted combustion.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.

Claims (1)

  1. The experimental test evaluation analysis method for the discharge characteristic and the thermal effect of the DBD plasma reactor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
    s1, measuring and analyzing experimental data, and specifically comprises the following steps:
    s11, measuring the discharge power of the DBD reactor by adopting a Q-V Lissajous figure method;
    s12, obtaining thermal power transferred from the DBD reactor to the air by adopting a calorimetry method in combination with the change of physical parameters of the air along with the temperature;
    s13, analyzing to obtain uncertainty of the thermal efficiency by taking the average value of 3 experiments as a final data result;
    the uncertainty of the experimental result is related to the measurement errors of air flow, discharge voltage, discharge frequency, discharge current and air temperature parameters and the machining error of the circular tube size, and according to the uncertainty analysis theory of the experimental result, the specific heat C at constant pressure p Mass flow rate of
    Figure FDA0004091854100000011
    Flow rate u 0 Discharge power p d Thermal power p a And the measurement error of the thermal efficiency η can be expressed as:
    Figure FDA0004091854100000012
    Figure FDA0004091854100000013
    Figure FDA0004091854100000014
    Figure FDA0004091854100000015
    Figure FDA0004091854100000016
    Figure FDA0004091854100000017
    Figure FDA0004091854100000021
    considering that the temperature at the inlet of the fan is 298.15K, the maximum temperature at the inlet of the reactor is 650K, the maximum temperature at the outlet of the reactor is 900K, and analyzing to obtain the uncertainty of different parameters according to the measurement precision of an experimental test instrument;
    s2, experimental verification: verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor, the effectiveness of a power testing method and a calculating method;
    s3, experimental results and discussion, which specifically comprise:
    s31, analyzing the influence of the discharge voltage on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
    s32, analyzing the influence of the discharge frequency on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
    s33, analyzing the influence of the inlet flow rate on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
    s34, analyzing the influence of the inlet temperature on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency;
    s4, obtaining a conclusion that: according to the thermal efficiency experimental test and research results of the line-cylinder DBD reactor, obtaining the conclusion of the influence of discharge voltage, discharge power, air flow speed and air flow temperature factors on discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency in the reactor;
    s11, measuring the high-frequency voltage instantaneous value U of the DBD plasma reactor through a high-voltage probe h And discharge frequency f h And by alternately connecting resistors R in series in the discharge circuit m And a capacitor C m Measuring the instantaneous value of the current I of the reactor h And the amount of charge delivered during dischargeQ m On the basis, the discharge power of the DBD reactor is calculated by drawing a Q-V Lissajous figure, which is marked as P d ；
    The specific content in step S12 includes:
    extracting the change of physical parameters of the air along with the temperature, wherein the relationship between the density rho and the temperature T of the air under different temperatures of standard atmospheric pressure is as follows:
    Figure FDA0004091854100000031
    specific heat of air C p The change of the data base is referred to an air physical property parameter database, and the least square method is adopted for fitting to obtain C p ＝aT 4 +bT 3 +cT 2 + dT + e, where a =4.0444 × 10 -10 ,b＝-1.4976×10 -6 ，c＝0.001934，d＝-0.8142，e＝1113.69；
    The air flow with different volume flow rates Q can be obtained by controlling the fan according to the density rho of the air at the inlet 0 Calculating the mass flow rate of air
    Figure FDA0004091854100000032
    Calculating the flow velocity of the air at the inlet of the DBD reactor according to the thermophysical parameters of the air heated by the storage tube
    Figure FDA0004091854100000033
    In the formula, ρ in Is the density of the heated air;
    measuring the thermal power transferred to air by the DBD reactor by adopting a calorimetry method, wherein when the DBD reactor and the gas flow reach a stable state, the temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor is kept unchanged, and the thermal power of the reactor is
    Figure FDA0004091854100000034
    In the formula, C p,in And C p,out Respectively the constant pressure specific heat of air at the inlet and the outlet of the reactor; t is in And T out Respectively the inlet and the outlet of the reactorThe temperature of the air at the port; c is to be p,in And C p,out The average value therebetween is taken as the average constant-pressure specific heat of air in the reactor;
    the thermal efficiency of the DBD reactor can be expressed as
    Figure FDA0004091854100000035
    In the step S2, verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor, the validity of a power testing method and a calculating method includes:
    verifying the rationality of the DBD plasma reactor and the effectiveness of the calculation method when the peak voltage V is pp 18kV, discharge frequency f h When the discharge voltage is 20kHz, obtaining the voltage on the reactor and the current in a loop, wherein the discharge voltage is a standard sine waveform, the current in the loop has a plurality of high-amplitude pulses, and the reasonability of the designed DBD plasma reactor is verified by comparing the waveform morphology of the obtained voltage and current with the waveform consistency obtained by measurement;
    in order to verify the effectiveness of the power testing method, the testing results of the Q-V Lissajous figure method and the instantaneous power method are compared, and when the discharge frequency is less than or equal to 16kHz, the Q-V Lissajous figure is presented as a symmetrical parallelogram; and calculating to obtain different discharge voltages and frequencies (1)V) pp ＝16kV,f h ＝23kHz，②V pp ＝19kV,f h ＝16kHz，③V pp ＝20kV,f h ＝15kHz，④V pp ＝21kV,f h The discharge power at the time of =13kHz, the power measurement result obtained by comparison is kept within 6%, and the effectiveness of the power test method and the test result adopted by the research institute is verified;
    in order to verify the effectiveness of the thermal power calculation method, experiments are carried out in a mode that a metal fin electric heating tube with the resistance value of 100 ohms is installed in a cylinder, and according to the experiments, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency in a reaction tube can be effectively measured by the method;
    the method for analyzing the influence of the discharge voltage on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency in the step S31 is as follows:
    when the discharge frequency is 8kHz, 12kHz, 16kHz and 20kHz, the inlet speed of the airflow is 12m/s, and the temperature is 400K, constructing a variation curve of the temperature, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the airflow at the outlet of the DBD reactor along with 15kV-22kV at the discharge peak-peak voltage, and obtaining the variation curve, wherein the discharge power of the alternating current DBD is increased along with the increase of the excitation voltage peak-peak value under the same discharge frequency;
    and fitting the corresponding relation between the discharge power and the discharge voltage by adopting an exponential function, wherein the fitting functions and the determination coefficients under different discharge frequencies are as follows:
    Figure FDA0004091854100000051
    Figure FDA0004091854100000052
    Figure FDA0004091854100000053
    Figure FDA0004091854100000054
    therefore, the determined coefficients are all larger than 0.99, the parameter fitting result is good, and the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of DBD discharge are calculated according to the temperature of the gas at the outlet, so that the thermal power is increased and the thermal efficiency is increased along with the increase of the peak-to-peak voltage under the same discharge frequency;
    when f is h 8kHz, V pp When the voltage is increased from 15kV to 23kV, eta is increased from 55.25% to 68.47%; when f is h At 12kHz, eta is increased from 60.23% to 73.92%; when f is h At 16kHz, η increases from 64.43% to 77.59%, and when f is h At 20kHz, η increased from 69.95% to 81.79%, further indicating that with discharge voltageIncreasing, more energy is transferred to the heavy particles by the high-energy electrons in the discharging process;
    the method for analyzing the influence of the discharge frequency on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency in the step S32 is as follows:
    when the discharge voltage is 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, the inlet speed of the airflow is 12m/s, and the temperature is 400K, a change curve of the temperature, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency of the airflow at the outlet of the reactor along with the discharge frequency of 7kHz-23kHz is constructed, the change curve is obtained, under the same discharge voltage and along with the increase of the discharge frequency, the discharge power of the DBD reactor is in an inverted V shape which is increased firstly and then reduced, and in the discharge power reduction stage, the power and the frequency are approximately in a linear relation; meanwhile, as the discharge voltage increases, the resonant frequency tends to decrease;
    the temperature calculation at the outlet of the reactor in the change curve shows that the thermal power is consistent with the discharge power of the DBD reactor, the thermal power also shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, but under the same discharge voltage, the thermal efficiency shows a monotonous increasing trend along with the increase of the discharge frequency;
    at the same time, when V pp Is 169v h When the frequency is increased from 7kHz to 23kHz, the eta is increased from 58.36% to 73.19%; when V is pp At 18kV, eta is increased from 60.60% to 77.59%; when V is pp At 20kV, eta is increased from 63.32% to 80.09%; when V is pp At 22kV, η increased from 66.66% to 82.76%, further indicating that thermal efficiency increased with increasing frequency;
    the method for analyzing the influence of the inlet flow rate on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency in the step S33 is as follows:
    when the discharge voltage is 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, the discharge frequency is 12kHz and the gas flow temperature is 400K, constructing a change curve of the gas flow temperature, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency at the outlet of the reactor along with the gas flow speed of 2m/s-22m/s, and obtaining the change curve, wherein the discharge power is in a trend of slightly increasing and then decreasing along with the increase of the gas flow speed;
    the calculation of the change of the gas temperature at the outlet in the change curve shows that under the same discharge voltage, the thermal power of the DBD reactor also shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the gas flow rate; moreover, as the flow rate increases, the thermal efficiency as a whole tends to decrease;
    at the same time, when V pp At 16kV, when the speed at the inlet is increased from 2m/s to 22m/s, eta is reduced from 69.96% to 59.33%; when V is pp At 18KV, eta is reduced from 70.09% to 63.10%; when V is pp At 20KV, η is reduced from 71.49% to 65.65%; when V is pp At 22KV, η decreased from 76.04% to 70.35%, further indicating that the suppression of thermal efficiency by gas flow rate decreased with increasing discharge voltage;
    the method for analyzing the influence of the inlet temperature on the discharge power and the thermal efficiency in the step S34 is as follows:
    when the discharge voltage is 16kV, 18kV, 20kV and 22kV, the discharge frequency is 12kHz, and the air flow velocity at the inlet is 12m/s, constructing a variation curve of the air flow temperature, the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency at the outlet of the reactor along with the air flow velocity of 400K-650K;
    when V is pp Is 169v, T in Increasing from 300K to 650K, P d Increased from 116.57W to 130.42W; when V is pp At 18kV, P d Increased from 734.45W to 778.96W; when V is pp At 20kV, P d Increased from 734.45W to 778.96W; when V is pp At 22kV, P d From 734.45W to 778.96W, it is further shown that at a particular discharge voltage, the discharge power increases monotonically in small magnitude as the gas stream temperature increases;
    when V is pp Is 169v, T in When the K is increased to 650K from 300K, the eta is increased to 66.94% from 59.45%; when V is pp At 18kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%; when V is pp At 20kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%; when V is pp At 22kV, eta is increased from 68.83% to 74.38%, further showing that under the same discharge voltage, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency also show an increasing trend along with the increase of the temperature of the gas flow;
    in the step S4, the influence conclusion of the discharge voltage, the discharge power, the gas flow velocity and the gas flow temperature factors on the discharge power, the thermal power and the thermal efficiency in the reactor is as follows:
    along with the increase of the discharge voltage, the ionization degree of the gas and the kinetic energy of electrons are increased, and the discharge power and the thermal efficiency of the reactor are increased;
    because the reactor has resonant frequency, the discharge power and the thermal power show inverse V-shaped changes of increasing and then decreasing along with the increase of the discharge frequency, and the thermal efficiency shows a monotonous increasing trend along with the increase of the frequency;
    since the gas flow can improve the discharge uniformity and has a blowing effect on the active particles in the reactor, the discharge power and the thermal power also show the tendency of slightly increasing and then decreasing along with the increase of the gas flow speed, but the thermal efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the gas flow speed;
    as the gas stream temperature increases, the discharge power, thermal power and thermal efficiency all increase, resulting from the particle kinetic energy and the frequency of particle-to-particle collisions.
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