CN115291058A - Method for acquiring breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under action of non-standard shock wave - Google Patents
Method for acquiring breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under action of non-standard shock wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring breakdown characteristics of short-gap air insulation under the action of non-standard shock waves, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms; based on voltage-breakdown probability data, a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under different waveform effects is prepared, and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the fault risk rate curve respectively correspond to voltage and breakdown probability. The air gap characteristic is obtained based on the probability density distribution of the overvoltage actually measured by the system, the blank that a statistical insulation matching method cannot be used because the statistical rule of the overvoltage invasion and the breakdown characteristic of equipment insulation cannot be obtained simultaneously in the national standard is filled, the insulation matching data reference is quantitatively provided for the system, and further the theoretical basis can be provided for the online monitoring of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of insulation characteristic research, and particularly relates to a breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under the action of non-standard shock waves.
Background
When the power grid is developed rapidly, if part of the power grid is insulated, the power grid can cause great loss to the economic stability and the social stability. Therefore, the improvement of the insulating property of the equipment in the transformer substation has strong social significance. According to foreign research, the lightning overvoltage is a main factor threatening the insulation safety of a power system of 220KV and below, and the operation overvoltage accounts for the main consideration of insulation selection of the system of 220KV and above. However, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the power system, it is necessary to study the influence of the intruding impulse voltage on the air insulation regardless of which voltage class of the system is.
The research on the waveform of the overvoltage and the typical insulation breakdown characteristics under the action of different waveforms is an important basis for the selection of insulation matching. However, in a large power grid in actual operation, it is difficult to determine the waveform, characteristics and distribution characteristics of overvoltage, especially surge voltage, so that the standard shock wave used in insulation test cannot fully simulate the actual situation, and thus, there are many leaks in the selection of insulation matching. The discharge characteristics of the conventional support dielectric fitting mainly depend on standard waveforms specified by IEC60060-1 and IEEE Std 4-2016. The difference between the overvoltage born by the actual equipment and the standard waveform in terms of waveform parameters (oscillation frequency and attenuation coefficient) or other characteristics is obvious, and due to the lack of characteristics and statistical rules of the voltage born by the actual transformer substation and the equipment, the insulation characteristic research of the actually born non-standard waveform is far from insufficient. Therefore, the research on the breakdown characteristic of air insulation under the action of non-standard waves has an important effect on insulation matching.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides the breakdown characteristics of short gap air insulation under non-standard shock wave action.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for acquiring the breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under the action of non-standard shock waves comprises the following steps:
generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms;
based on voltage-breakdown probability data, a fault risk rate curve of short-gap air insulation under different waveform effects is prepared, and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the fault risk rate curve respectively correspond to voltage and breakdown probability.
Preferably, it further comprises:
and based on the gaps of different air insulations, fault risk rate characteristic difference curves under the action of non-standard waves and standard waves are prepared, and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the fault risk rate characteristic difference curves respectively correspond to the gaps of the air insulations and the fault risk rates.
Preferably, the data of the voltage-breakdown probability is converted into standard atmospheric pressure, and the fault risk rate is obtained
Obtained by the following formula:
P dx ＝d(x)·D(x)·dx
in the formula, P dx Expressing the voltage-breakdown fault risk rate, and d (x) expressing a fault risk rate equation and a fault risk rate curve obtained by the test; d (x) represents an actually measured overvoltage probability density equation; x is a radical of a fluorine atom 1 、x 2 Representing two oscillation damping surge voltage amplitudes.
The measured overvoltage probability density equation D (x) is obtained by:
where x represents the magnitude of the voltage, a represents the scaling factor, c represents the first shape parameter, and k represents the second shape parameter.
Preferably, it further comprises:
and putting the fault risk rate characteristic difference curves corresponding to different waveforms into a coordinate graph, and comparing the air insulation characteristic difference under the action of non-standard waves.
Preferably, it further comprises:
changing a single parameter of a non-standard wave, obtaining an influence rule of the single parameter on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing a single parameter influence characteristic curve; the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the influence characteristic curve respectively correspond to a single parameter and a fault risk rate; the single parameter is as follows: a frequency or attenuation constant; wherein:
the frequency-fault risk rate mapping equation expression is:
F(f)＝α 0 +α 1 f+α 2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 +α 5 f 5
in the formula, alpha 0 -α 0 Representing a fitting parameter, F represents frequency, and F (F) represents a fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency;
the attenuation constant-fault risk rate mapping equation expression is as follows:
F(α)＝f 0 +f 1 α+f 2 α 2 +f 3 α 3
in the formula (f) 0 -f 3 And representing a fitting parameter, alpha represents a decay constant, and F (alpha) represents a fault risk rate corresponding to the decay constant.
Preferably, it further comprises:
carrying out dimension increasing processing on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface; the double parameters are as follows: frequency and attenuation constant.
Preferably, the dimension-increasing process includes the following specific steps: by means of intermediate functions
The transition formula as the "two-parameter-failure risk ratio" influence analytic formula:
in the formula, alpha is an attenuation constant, and the coefficients A, B, C and D of the three-dimensional analytical formula are regulated and controlled through the change of the attenuation constant to obtain the following analytical formula:
a three-dimensional map under the influence of two parameters is depicted by this equation, wherein,
in the form of a transition type, the reaction conditions are as follows,
and f represents the frequency.
Preferably, the standard double exponential wave and the nonstandard wave are generated based on a high-pressure impact test platform, and the high-pressure impact test platform comprises: survey system, impulse voltage generator, the test jar body three major parts, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power module, a standard exponential wave module and an oscillation wave attenuation module; the measurement and control system comprises: computer console, oscilloscope; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the computer console is connected with the impulse voltage generator to send a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the impulse voltage generator starts the power module after receiving the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator is selectively connected with the standard exponential wave module or the attenuation oscillation wave module according to the control signal, and the standard exponential wave module and the attenuation oscillation wave module are connected with the test tank body; a needle electrode and a plate electrode are arranged in the test tank body, and the gap between the needle electrode and the plate electrode is arranged to simulate air insulation; and the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with two ends of the pin electrode and the plate electrode, the high-voltage divider is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer console for data summarization.
Preferably, the voltage-breakdown probability data is converted under the condition of standard atmospheric pressure, and a short-gap air insulation fault risk rate curve under different waveform effects is obtained by adopting a Boltzmann function fitting.
The invention has the advantages of
The air gap characteristic is obtained based on the probability density distribution of the overvoltage measured by the system, the blank that a statistical insulation matching method cannot be used because the statistical rule of the overvoltage invasion and the breakdown characteristic of equipment insulation cannot be obtained simultaneously in the national standard is filled, insulation matching data reference is quantitatively provided for the system, and further a theoretical basis can be provided for the online monitoring of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection of a high-pressure impact test platform
FIG. 2 is a connection block diagram of a high-pressure impact test platform
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the variation law of the breakdown probability curve under different waveform effects
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the difference between the failure risk rate characteristics under the action of the nonstandard waves and the standard waves
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of "Single parameter (frequency) -Fault Risk
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of "Single parameter (attenuation constant) -Fault Risk
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional characteristic diagram of "Dual parameter-Fault Risk Rate
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the modified insulating oil comprises the following steps:
s1, building a high-voltage impact test platform taking a MARX loop as a main body, wherein the wave tail resistance is selected from standard double-exponential waves and non-standard waves with the use range of 10-10000 omega, the inductance range of 40 muH-1.011 mH and the oscillation capacitance of 0.15 muF, the generated standard double-exponential waves and non-standard waves have the double-exponential wave attenuation constant of 0.2-0.8 and the frequency of 4-18.38kHz, and a plurality of waveforms are acted on the pin plate gap to carry out high-voltage impact tests, such as a graph 1 (1-MARX loop; 2-booster; 3-grounding plate; 4-tank valve; 5-pin electrode; 6-plate electrode; 7-air gap high-voltage end interface; 8-voltage divider; 9-oscilloscope; 10-computer console; D-high-voltage silicon stack; C0-charging capacitor; rf, rw-wave head resistance; rt-wave tail resistance; C1-wave head capacitance; L-oscillation inductance) and a graph 2; the high-pressure impact test platform comprises: survey system, impulse voltage generator, the test jar body three major parts, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power module, a standard exponential wave module and an oscillation wave attenuation module; the measurement and control system comprises: computer console, oscilloscope; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the computer console is connected with the impulse voltage generator to send a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the impulse voltage generator starts the power module after receiving the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator selectively accesses a standard exponential wave module or an attenuation oscillatory wave module (the waveform appearance of the attenuation oscillatory wave is described by wave head time, oscillation frequency and an attenuation constant) according to the control signal, and the standard exponential wave module and the attenuation oscillatory wave module are connected with the test tank body; a needle electrode and a plate electrode (preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the needle-plate gap are both made of copper electrodes, the needle-plate gap is placed in a shielding metal cover to reduce external interference and external radiation), and the needle electrode and the plate electrode are arranged in a gap to simulate air insulation; the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with two ends of the pin electrode and the plate electrode, the high-voltage divider is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer console for data summarization.
Preferably, in s1, a test method of obtaining a probability through multiple breakdown is adopted, that is, each time one impulse waveform is generated, the impulse waveform is acted on an air gap (20 mm), a voltage amplitude with a breakdown probability of 0 is found by adjusting the pressurization time, then the voltage is increased by taking 1kV as a step length, and a corresponding breakdown probability under each voltage amplitude is recorded. And (5) performing 20 times of impact tests every time a voltage amplitude is determined, and dividing the breakdown times n by 20 to obtain the breakdown probability under the action of the secondary waveform secondary voltage amplitude.
Wherein, each breakdown test needs 0.5-1min to ensure the air medium to be completely recovered and then the next pressurization impact test is carried out.
And s2, performing standard atmospheric pressure conversion on the test data obtained in the step s1, and calculating the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of each waveform by combining the converted data with a fault risk rate calculation method based on the 10kV actual measurement overvoltage probability density distribution. The overvoltage probability density distribution is:
based on the formula, the fault risk rate under the action of a certain waveform is calculated by adopting a conditional probability calculation method:
P dx ＝d(x 1 )·D(x 1 )·dx
wherein D (x) represents the breakdown probability characteristic equation obtained by the experiment, and D (x) represents the actually measured overvoltage probability density equation.
s3, comparing the air insulation characteristic difference under the action of non-standard waves by drawing a breakdown probability characteristic curve and a fault risk rate curve of the air gap under the action of different waveforms, as shown in fig. 3 and 4;
and s4, changing a single parameter of the non-standard wave, wherein the frequency range is 4-18.38kHz, the attenuation constant is 0.2-0.8, obtaining an influence rule of the single parameter on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing an influence characteristic curve, such as fig. 5 and fig. 6.
And s5, performing dimension-raising processing on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve in the s4 to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface as shown in fig. 7.
The specific steps of the high-pressure impact test in this example 1 are as follows: first, a fixed parameter waveform is determined, and the gap distance is adjusted to 20mm. The voltage value was varied in units of 1kV to find approximately 0% breakdown voltage (i.e., the air gap did not break down at this voltage magnitude) and this was taken as the starting voltage value. The test is started from the initial voltage, the voltage is changed by 1kV, each voltage value is tested for 20 times, the breakdown probability at the voltage is obtained by dividing the breakdown times by 20, and the voltage is not increased until 100 percent of the breakdown voltage. And drawing a failure probability characteristic curve of the secondary waveform at the interval according to the test data.
Fig. 3 is a characteristic curve of the breakdown probability of the air gap under the action of the standard impulse voltage (light blue) and the non-standard impulse voltage, from which it can be seen that the breakdown voltage of the air gap under the action of the non-standard wave will be reduced by 8-12kV.
And (5) calculating the fault risk rate of the data in the s1 according to the method of s2 to obtain the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of each waveform. The failure risk rates under different waveform actions are fitted into a characteristic curve and are drawn on a graph, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the failure risk rate of the air gap under the action of the non-standard wave is improved, that is, the probability of the air gap failing under the action of the non-standard wave is higher.
Changing the nonstandard wave waveform parameters, changing the frequency range between 4 and 18.38kHz, changing the attenuation constant between 0.2 and 0.8, repeating the steps of s1 to s2 to obtain the influence rule of the single parameter on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing an influence characteristic curve, as shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, as the frequency increases, the risk fault rate shows a trend of oscillation increase, and when the attenuation constant is larger, the influence of the frequency is more limited; as can be seen from fig. 6, the failure risk rate and the damping constant are inversely related and the transition period elapses, and the damping constant in this range has little effect on the failure risk rate.
And (4) performing coefficient dimension increasing treatment on the single parameter-fault risk rate influence analytic expression in the step (s 4), wherein the process is as follows:
by means of intermediate functions
A transition formula as a "two-parameter-failure risk ratio" influence analytic formula:
in the formula, alpha is an attenuation constant, and the coefficient of the three-dimensional analytical formula is regulated and controlled through the change of the attenuation constant to obtain the following analytical formula:
by this equation, a three-dimensional graph under the influence of two parameters can be drawn, as shown in fig. 7. And (3) carrying out error analysis on the fault risk rate of the air gap under the action of several randomly selected waveform parameters and the fault risk rate in the three-dimensional graph, wherein the error risk rate is shown in the following table:
table 1 three-dimensional failure risk prediction error analysis under different waveform effects
The law of influence of the waveform parameters on the risk rate of air gap failure over the full parameter range is clearly seen in fig. 7, where the risk rate of failure is in the transition phase and has a depressed failure well over the attenuation constant range of 0.4-0.65.
In conclusion, the breakdown characteristic of the air insulation with the short gap under the action of the non-standard waves can well describe the difference of the breakdown characteristic of the non-standard waves, the difference of the system insulation under the action of the non-standard waves is fully proved, and the method has industrial application value in the aspect of insulation matching in the field of power systems.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitutions or changes made by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for acquiring the breakdown characteristic of short-gap air insulation under the action of non-standard shock waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating standard double-exponential waves and nonstandard waves to act on short-gap air insulation, and recording voltage-breakdown probability data corresponding to different waveforms;
and based on the voltage-breakdown probability data, obtaining a short-gap air insulation fault risk rate curve under the action of different waveforms, wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the fault risk rate curve respectively correspond to the voltage and the breakdown probability.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises:
and based on the gaps of different air insulations, a fault risk rate characteristic difference curve under the action of a non-standard wave and a standard wave is prepared, and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the fault risk rate characteristic difference curve respectively correspond to the gaps of the air insulations and the fault risk rates.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the "voltage-breakdown probability" data are converted to standard atmospheric pressure, the failure risk rate
Obtained by the following formula:
P dx ＝d(x)·D(x)·dx
in the formula, P dx Expressing the voltage-breakdown fault risk rate, and d (x) expressing a fault risk rate equation and a fault risk rate curve obtained by the test; d (x) represents an actually measured overvoltage probability density equation; x is the number of 1 、x 2 Representing two oscillation damping surge voltage amplitudes.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the measured overvoltage probability density equation D (x) is obtained by:
where x represents the magnitude of the voltage, a represents the scaling factor, c represents the first shape parameter, and k represents the second shape parameter.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises:
and putting the fault risk rate characteristic difference curves corresponding to different waveforms into a coordinate graph, and comparing the air insulation characteristic difference under the action of non-standard waves.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises:
changing a single parameter of a non-standard wave, obtaining an influence rule of the single parameter on the air gap fault risk rate, and drawing a single parameter influence characteristic curve; the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the influence characteristic curve respectively correspond to a single parameter and a fault risk rate; the single parameter is as follows: a frequency or attenuation constant; wherein:
the frequency-fault risk rate mapping equation expression is as follows:
F(f)＝α 0 +α 1 f+α 2 f 2 +α 3 f 3 +α 4 f 4 +α 5 f 5
in the formula, alpha 0 -α 0 Representing a fitting parameter, F represents frequency, and F (F) represents a fault risk rate corresponding to the frequency;
the attenuation constant-fault risk rate mapping equation expression is as follows:
F(α)＝f 0 +f 1 α+f 2 α 2 +f 3 α 3
in the formula (f) 0 -f 3 And representing a fitting parameter, alpha represents a decay constant, and F (alpha) represents a fault risk rate corresponding to the decay constant.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises:
carrying out dimension increasing processing on the single-parameter influence characteristic curve to obtain a three-dimensional double-parameter influence characteristic surface; the double parameters are as follows: frequency and attenuation constant.
8. According to the claimThe method for 7 is characterized in that the dimension-increasing processing specifically comprises the following steps: by means of intermediate functions
The transition formula as the "two-parameter-failure risk ratio" influence analytic formula:
in the formula, alpha is an attenuation constant, and coefficients A, B, C and D of the three-dimensional analytical formula are regulated and controlled through the change of the attenuation constant to obtain the following analytical formula:
a three-dimensional map under the influence of two parameters is depicted by this equation, wherein,
in the form of a transition type, the reaction conditions are as follows,
and f represents the frequency.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the standard bi-exponential wave and the non-standard wave are generated based on a high-pressure shock test platform comprising: survey system, impulse voltage generator, the test jar body three major parts, wherein: the surge voltage generator includes: the device comprises a power module, a standard exponential wave module and an oscillation wave attenuation module; the measurement and control system comprises: computer console, oscilloscope; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the computer console is connected with the impulse voltage generator to send a trigger signal and a control signal to the impulse voltage generator, the impulse voltage generator starts the power module after receiving the trigger signal, the impulse voltage generator selectively accesses the standard exponential wave module or the attenuation oscillation wave module according to the control signal, and the standard exponential wave module and the attenuation oscillation wave module are connected with the test tank body; a needle electrode and a plate electrode are arranged in the test tank body, and the gap between the needle electrode and the plate electrode is arranged to simulate air insulation; the high-voltage divider is connected in parallel with two ends of the pin electrode and the plate electrode, the high-voltage divider is connected with the oscilloscope for displaying, and the oscilloscope is also connected with the computer console for data summarization.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage-breakdown probability data is converted under standard atmospheric pressure conditions, and a boltzmann function is used to fit the data to obtain a fault risk curve of the short gap air insulation under different waveforms.
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